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Recent research has also brought to light that especially in the 18th century, the rulings of the court anticipated in many ways the constitutional establishment of civil liberties in
Germany. For instance, the inviolability of one's housing or freedom of trade was legally introduced in the Empire by
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In all of its business, it suffered from the competition of the Aulic
Council, and after the 16th century, it devoted itself exclusively to judicial work. Composed of the personal advisers of the Emperor, the Aulic Council did justice on his behalf. The competition between the Aulic Council and the
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The "province of the
Imperial Chamber", as it came to be gradually defined by statute and use, extended to breaches of the public peace, cases of arbitrary distraint (property seizure) or imprisonment, pleas which concerned the treasury, violations of the Emperor's decrees or the laws passed by the
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himself presided. This court was connected directly to the
Emperor, so it ceased to act when he was abroad, and it disbanded when he died. In the 15th century, the Emperor ceased to command as much respect, so his court lost the confidence of his subjects. Its place was taken by the
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The court's composition was determined by both the Holy Roman
Emperor and the subject states of the Empire. The Emperor appointed the chief justice (always a highborn aristocrat), several divisional chief judges, and some of the other
191:, in which case the highest judicial institution was found by the ruler of that territory. Another exception was criminal law in which the Imperial Chamber Court could intervene only if basic procedural rules had been violated.
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or the subjects of different rulers, and finally suits against immediate tenants of the Empire, with the exception of criminal charges and matters relating to imperial fiefs, which went to the
295:. The creation of a new and efficient court became a matter of pressing necessity, and it was one of the most urgent of the reforms which were mooted in the reign of
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336:. Originally, half of the judges were Knights of the Empire, and the other half were law graduates, but after 1548, all judges had to be law graduates.
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and it was still his personal court, but the members were now officials of the Empire. It was generally the legal members of the council who sat in the
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The
Imperial Chamber Court was infamous for the long time that it took to reach a verdict. Some proceedings, especially in lawsuits between different
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rulings of the court. In the late 18th century, some contemporaries even compared the
Imperial Chamber Court to the
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in 1648, which laid down that the court which first dealt with a case should alone have competence to pursue it.
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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At its foundation, the
Imperial Chamber Court was seated in
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Museum and
Research Centre of the Imperial Chamber Court
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Society for
Imperial Chamber Court Research, Wetzlar
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