446:. Aguilar had worked for the father of the Drain girls, Riley Drain, who was a foreman with the WPA, and had been fired shortly before the attack. The three-room apartment Aguilar shared with his mother, wife, and children was searched by police, with investigators finding an axe head with notches matching the wounds inflicted on both Drain girls, as well as a calendar with the date August 15 marked, with photographs of nude women and newspaper clippings containing articles about "sex slayings" taped to the surrounding wallpaper. Shortly before his execution, Aguilar was also connected to a murder that occurred earlier on August 2 at a home only three blocks away from the Drain residence, when he bludgeoned 72-year-old Sally Crumply, as well as her 48-year-old niece R.O. "Lilly" McMurtree, who survived the attack, and a third undisclosed murder that occurred in 1934. Aguilar had been already arrested on August 16 when he attended Dorothy Drain's funeral, after he attracted the attention of law enforcement for being dressed in
353:] cases I have ever seen", and threatened to shift blame onto Jefferson for allowing Arridy to leave the training school. The fate of the assailants, if any, was not addressed in the letter. He was subsequently recommitted to the school, where it was reported that Arridy could only be taught "tasks of not too long duration" such as mopping floors or washing dishes. Arridy was often mistreated, beaten, and manipulated by his peers, only ever becoming close with one Mrs. Bowers, a kitchen worker who supervised his chores, during his seven-year stay. Dr. Jefferson made note of Arridy's suggestibility and need for constant guidance, outlining an incident in which Arridy falsely took responsibility for stealing cigarettes. Appeals by Arridy's family for him to be discharged were blocked by Jefferson, who claimed that their son was being kept for safety reasons due to his "perverse habits".
650:, Arridy requested a bowl of ice cream, which he reportedly had not finished before he would be taken to the chamber's holding cell, requesting for the remaining ice cream to be refrigerated so he could eat it later, not understanding that he was to be executed soon and would not return. Arridy became upset upon being told that he could not take his toy train and played with it one last time together with Angelo Agnes before the former had to leave, with Arridy saying "Give my train to Agnes" while he was led away. Roy Best accompanied Arridy during the walk up Woodpecker Hill, where the gas chamber was located, and while passing the prison chicken coop, Best asked Arridy if he would "still raise the chickens in Heaven", as he had previously voiced a fondness for the hens. Arridy replied that he wanted to play the
496:, had met by chance in the Bessemer area of Pueblo on the evening of August 14 and carried out the Drain attacks together before Arridy left town via train. Aguilar recanted shortly after, claiming Best and Grady had threatened him with "terrible things" and that there would be "a dead Mexican" if he did not implicate Arridy. Aguilar was also convicted of the rape and murder of Dorothy Drain and sentenced to death on December 22 of the same year. He was executed on August 13, 1937, in Colorado State Penitentiary. Before the execution, Aguilar's mother died at the prison infirmary after collapsing during a final visit; during the execution, a male spectator died of a heart attack.
558:" on prison documents, with visual matching of hairs having since been proven to not be an accurate act of measure. Barbara Drain had testified that Aguilar had been present at the attack, but not Arridy. She could identify Aguilar because he had worked for her father. After the trial, Sheriff Carroll and the two railroad detectives who had arrested Arridy were each rewarded with $ 1000 (equivalent to $ 21,194 in 2023) for their part in resolving the case. In the days after the trial, Benjamin Jefferson, who had read a statement corroborating the psychiatrists' findings in court, gave a speech to the press and used the example of Joe Arridy to advocate for
586:, who later was elected and served as Colorado Attorney General and Colorado Water Commissioner, became involved as defense counsel in Arridy's case after his conviction and sentencing. While Ireland won ten delays of Arridy's execution, he was unable to get his conviction overturned or commutation of his sentence. He noted that Aguilar had said he acted alone, and medical experts had testified as to Arridy's mental limitations. Ireland said that Arridy could not even understand what execution meant. "Believe me when I say that if he is gassed, it will take a long time for the state of Colorado to live down the disgrace," Ireland argued to the
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crayons, and handicraft material. Best also would regularly bring candy and cigars from home to share with Arridy. Arridy particularly liked to play with a battery-powered toy train he had received on
Christmas, 1938, given to him by Best, and would often roll it between the metal bars to other cells for fellow inmates to catch and push back. The warden said that Arridy was "the happiest prisoner on death row". Before Arridy's execution, he said, "He probably didn't even know he was about to die, all he did was happily sit and play with a toy train I had given him."
319:. It was noted during formal psychological exams that Arridy was "extremely concrete in his thinking and totally unable to think abstractly about anything", noting he could not tell the difference between a stone and an egg or wood and glass, with other examples including his inability to count past five without assistance, tell apart colors, or name the weekdays. Examiners at the home also had Arridy's family undergo several
385:. Dorothy was also raped; she died from the hatchet attack, while Barbara survived after spending two weeks in a coma. Their parents had been out of the house that night while their younger brother, who slept in an adjacent room, was left unharmed. A fellow runaway from the school would later tell workers that he and Arridy had passed through Pueblo only once, in the late hours of August 16, to visit his family in
508:, at the time, after which the charge was dropped. Similarly, a pawnbroker had claimed that Arridy bought a gun from him before the attack on the Drain residence, but this allegation was dismissed because the pawnbroker, who repeatedly changed the date he supposedly met Arridy, could not provide evidence for the purchase.
430:, Carroll began to question him about the Drain case. Carroll said that Arridy confessed to him. Carroll contacted the Pueblo police Chief Arthur Grady about Arridy before calling the local press, who reported the sheriff's news the next morning on August 27, naming Arridy as the sole perpetrator in the Drain attacks.
699:, a former district attorney in Denver. Based on the evidence and other reviews, Ritter gave Arridy a full and unconditional pardon in 2011, saying "Pardoning Joe Arridy cannot undo this tragic event in Colorado history, it is in the interests of justice and simple decency, however, to restore his good name."
542:, and was unable to recognize his own father, whom he had not seen for 8 years by this point, when he was pointed out in the court room. He also stated that he did not know who Dorothy Drain or Frank Aguilar were, this having been the first time he was directly questioned about them by a non-police entity.
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consisting almost entirely of some variation of "yes" when asked to confirm. Aguilar was the only one to sign the statement with "X" as the signature, while Arridy, who remained silent throughout the interrogation, did not, which D.A. Taylor acknowledged, but assumed that Arridy was under the influence "of
738:(1964/reprint 1995) about Arridy's case after conducting research on it and similar cases for years. He had tracked down the author of the 1944 poem before Young's death. His book also explores other cases in which defendants were classified as disabled, and implications for police and the justice system.
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Arridy's case is one of a number that received new attention in the face of research into ensuring just interrogations and confessions. In addition, the US Supreme Court ruled that capital punishment was unconstitutional for convicted people who are mentally disabled. A group of supporters formed the
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during the appeals process, Arridy was liked and treated well by both the prisoners and guards alike. Warden Roy Best became one of Arridy's supporters and joined the effort to save his life; he was said to have "cared for Arridy like a son", regularly bringing him gifts, such as toys, picture books,
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Arridy, the eldest of the couple's three surviving children, was non-verbal for the first five years of his life and only spoke in short simple sentences. Even as an adult, he generally did not talk at all unless spoken to first. After he attended one year at
Bessemer Elementary School, his principal
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On
January 5, 1939, Best convinced Arridy to agree to leave the train to a fellow death row inmate, 32-year-old Angelo Agnes, who would be executed in a double execution with Pete Catalina the same year on September 29 for the murder of his wife Malinda Plunkett Agnes and the attempted murder of his
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for holding, where
Sheriff Carroll had arranged for him to meet with Arridy, and was told that he was arrested as his accomplice. While Arridy identified Aguilar by saying "That's Frank", Aguilar initially told police he had never seen or met Arridy. However, on September 2, a stenographed five page
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Meanwhile, Sheriff
Carroll subsequently claimed that Arridy "kept changing his story," and while being transported to Pueblo to participate in a re-enactment at the Drain residence on August 27, Arridy reportedly confessed again and had eventually told him several times he had "been with a man named
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on them. Arridy's juvenile probation officer walked in on the scene and wrote a complaint letter to the school's superintendent Dr. Benjamin
Jefferson. The probation officer misrepresented the rape as consensual, citing the same-sex and interracial nature of the assault as evidence that Arridy posed
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and sitting down inside the chamber, Arridy's smile momentarily faded when he was blindfolded for the execution, but calmed down when the warden grabbed his hand and reassured him. Members of the Drain family, who had previously attended Frank
Aguilar's execution, did not witness the execution. Roy
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to avoid the death penalty for his client. Sherriff George
Carroll testified eight separate times in court and contended that Arridy was mentally fit and aware of his actions, claiming that he was articulate during questioning, provided accurate information during the crime scene reenactment (which
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in the attack, while other parts of the confession were left out, such as the claim that Arridy ran back home after the crime and was sheltered by his family. Arridy repeatedly provided wrong addresses that were either incomplete or led to the neighborhood Arridy had grown up in, but his family had
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of 46, and the mind of a six-year-old. They noted he was "incapable of distinguishing between right and wrong, and therefore, would be unable to perform any action with a criminal intent". To showcase Arridy's mental development, Arridy's lawyer allowed the prosecutor to ask him several questions,
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When questioned about his impending execution, Arridy showed "blank bewilderment". He did not understand the meaning of the gas chamber, telling the warden "No, no, Joe won't die." Before he left his prison block, Arridy went to each cell and shook the hand of every inmate to say goodbye. For his
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On the morning of
January 6, 1939, just a few hours before his execution that same evening, Arridy received an unscheduled final visitation from his family, consisting of his mother and sister, as well as an aunt and a cousin, which had been arranged as a surprise by Warden Best. Arridy had been
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On April 17, a jury convicted Arridy of the murder, largely due to his false confession. Studies since then have shown that persons of limited mental capacity are more vulnerable to coercion during interrogation and have a higher frequency of making false confessions. The only physical evidence
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throughout the entire 15-minute visit; when his mother burst into tears upon seeing her son and hugged him while shouting "Joe, my Joe!", Arridy did not reciprocate, only saying "Hello" while looking off to the side. Barring this, Arridy stayed silent for the duration of the visit and remained
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French L. Taylor was released, in which
Aguilar affirmed that Arridy was an accomplice in the killings. A total of six pre-prepared questions, which were always structured to include mention of Arridy, incriminated Arridy, with Aguilar having provided no further comments and with his responses
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announced that Arridy had been positively identified as having assaulted Helen O'Driscoll on August 23, after the victim had identified Arridy's picture in the newspaper as her assailant. Arridy had confessed to the assault upon being asked, but eyewitnesses and coworkers placed Arridy at his
454:"to help the family", but did not admit to the attack while in custody, with his mother providing an alibi that he had been home the night of the attacks. Grady was only informed of Aguilar as a suspect after an analysis of scrapings from Aguilar's fingernails showed fibers of blue-dyed
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several of Carroll's deputies present at the time vouched for) and that Arridy had shown guilt by displaying "great remorse" in private. Judge Harry Leddy ruled Arridy to be sane, while acknowledged by three state psychiatrists to be so mentally limited as to be classified as an "
251:(72 years after his death). Ritter, the former district attorney of Denver, pardoned Arridy based on questions about the man's guilt and what appeared to be a coerced false confession. This was the first time in Colorado that the governor had pardoned a convict after execution.
550:, whose work had partially helped convict Frank Aguilar through his finger nail samples, compared the hairs under a microscope and identified the hair as belonging to a specific ethnicity through visual comparison, in this case claiming that it bore the characteristics of an "
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On the evening of August 14, 1936, two girls of the Drain family were attacked while sleeping at home in Pueblo, Colorado. An intruder entered the house through the unlocked front door and bludgeoned 15-year-old Dorothy and her 12-year-old sister Barbara Drain with a
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Arridy was frequently misidentified as Mexican through initial reportings that described the attacker of the Drain girls as such, with a report on Arridy's final visitation with relatives claiming that the family "conversed in Spanish" when they most likely spoke
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Many people at the time and since maintained that Arridy was innocent. A group known as Friends of Joe Arridy formed and in 2007 commissioned the first tombstone for his grave. They also supported the preparation of a petition by David A. Martinez,
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Attorney David A. Martinez became involved and relied on Robert Perske's book about Arridy's case, as well as other materials compiled by the Friends, and his own research, to prepare a 400-page petition for pardon from Governor
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and asked the workers for food. The car's supervisors, Mr. and Mrs. Glen Gibson, allowed Arridy to stay with the crew, gave him clean clothes and allowed him to work as a dishwasher in exchange for meals. On August 26, while in
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Sheriff George Carroll. Carroll was aware of the widespread search for suspects in the Drain murder case and when Arridy revealed under questioning that he had traveled through Pueblo by way of a train after leaving
410:, the kitchen car's train was bound to head out of state and as Arridy was not officially an employee, the Gibsons told Arridy he could not go with them and drove him back to the railyard in Cheyenne.
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Only a few hours later, Carroll was informed by Grady that he had learned that his officers had already arrested a man considered to be the prime suspect: 33-year-old Frank Aguilar, a laborer with the
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unable to attend the funeral of his father Henry, who had died on 24 February 1937 at the age of 51, and had not seen his mother Mary since his incarceration. It was noted that Arridy displayed a
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told his parents to keep him at home, saying that he could not learn. Arridy did not socialize with other children in his neighborhood, instead preferring to wander town, hammer nails, and make
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In 2007–2008, producers Max and Micheline Keller, George Edde, and Yvonne Karouni, and Dan Leonetti, screenwriter, announced plans to make a film about Arridy and Gail Ireland, to be called
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Colorado State Legislature candidate William Lewis to have Arridy's eyes removed before his execution so that Lewis, who was left blind in one eye following an accident when a
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Albert Schaller, specifically because he said that Arridy would be "swapping for a harp". Arridy was reported to have smiled as he entered the gas chamber. After having his
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non-profit Friends of Joe Arridy and worked to bring new recognition to the injustice of his case, in addition to commissioning a tombstone for his grave in 2007.
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brother Roy Finley. Arridy was initially reluctant to give his favorite toy away, but warmed up to the idea after playing with Agnes for a few hours.
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In June 2007, about 50 supporters of Arridy gathered for the dedication of a tombstone they had commissioned for his grave at Woodpecker Hill in
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Frank" at the crime scene. Several details had been changed from the first confession, including Arridy's initial statement that he had used a
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In early November 1938, weeks before Arridy's penultimate scheduled execution date on November 20, a request was put forth by lawyer and
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On August 8, 1936, 21-year-old Arridy, along with at least four other young men, left the school grounds and, mimicking the behaviour of
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were, said that he had never seen a hatchet and did not know what one looked like, could not tell the difference between a nickel and a
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752:(2011). She was proud of his defense of Arridy, and began to work with the Friends of Joe Arridy on making his cause more widely known.
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to clear Arridy's name. Another man, Frank Aguilar, was convicted and executed for the same crime two years before Arridy's execution.
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expressionless, except for a "slight smile" when fellow inmates brought in a three-gallon bucket of ice cream for the family to eat.
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and did not speak English. Henry took a job with a major steel mill in Pueblo that he learned was hiring workers.
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said that the request would be within Colorado law, but the warden stated that Arridy would be unable to give
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document obtained through a joint nine-hour interrogation of Aguilar and Arridy by the penitentiary's warden
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The final interaction between Arridy and Best was the subject of a 1944 poem, "The Clinic", by writer
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against him was a single strand of hair that was supposedly matched with one of Arridy's. Pathologist
1718:"He Had An IQ Of 46 And Was Executed After Police Coerced A Confession For A Murder He Didn't Commit"
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ranging from case-related to common household knowledge. Among other things, Arridy did not know who
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Other sources reported that Arridy silently teared up while repeatedly uttering the word "mother".
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laborers in the nearby railyards, he stowed away in freight carts and traveled through Colorado,
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In 2011, Arridy received a full and unconditional posthumous pardon by Colorado Governor
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216:; April 29, 1915 – January 6, 1939) was an American man who was falsely convicted and
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On the night of August 26, 1936, Arridy was arrested by two railroad detectives for
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a moral danger to society, calling him "one of the worst Mental Defective [
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Best was noted to have been weeping during the execution, with him pleading with
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When the case was finally taken to trial on February 8, 1937, Arridy's lawyer
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1404:"'I Want to Play' Smiles Imbecile Slayer of Girl as Gas Snuffs Out Life".
1309:"Drain Murderer is Executed: Official Witness Dies Almost Simultaneously"
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Murder by Numbers – Fascinating Figures Behind The World's Worst Crimes
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With the mind of a six-year-old, Joe went to the gas chamber, smiling
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On September 17, 1929, while Henry was serving a prison sentence for
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for the 1936 rape and murder of Dorothy Drain, a 15-year-old girl in
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workplace in the railroad kitchen in Cheyenne, 170 miles away from
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or something similar". The prevailing narrative, published in
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and was 23 years old when he was executed on January 6, 1939.
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On August 28, Aguilar confessed to the crime. He was sent to
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Mentally disabled American man wrongfully executed for murder
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that was never allowed to unfold" and made a public plea to
920:"Colorado governor pardons man executed for murder in 1939"
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on August 20 at noon and not long after, he walked up to a
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1489:"Arridy to Give Train to Fellow Slayer". January 5, 1939.
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After several weeks of train-hopping, Arridy arrived in
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of "imbeciles", i.e. individuals with an IQ below 50.
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Mary Arridy later moved to live with her brothers in
1602:"Condemned Prisoner to give train to another slayer"
1566:"Weak-Minded Sex Slayer Puts Aside Toy Train to Die"
953:"Disabled man executed in 1939 pardoned in Colorado"
327:" and his younger brother George considered a "high
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State Home and Training School for Mental Defectives
275:(also written as Berosha and Berisha), a village in
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1631:"Man with Mental Age Of Six Executed in Colorado".
1500:"Toy Train Left to Death Row Pal If Promise Kept".
525:", a medical term at the time. They said he had an
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748:Terri Bradt wrote a biography of her grandfather,
773:List of wrongful convictions in the United States
323:and concluded that his mother Mary was "probably
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1584:"Arridy Eats Ice Cream on Eve of His Execution"
1516:"Arridy Eats Ice Cream on Eve of His Execution"
1345:"Arridy Eats Ice Cream on Eve of His Execution"
1829:American people wrongfully convicted of murder
1072:"Joe Arridy was the happiest man on death row"
606:grenade exploded in his hand, could receive a
263:, to Mary and Henry Arridy (originally Arida;
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499:On August 29, Chief Hugh Davis Harper of the
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1279:"'Happiest Man' in death cell dies in chair"
1195:"Frank Aguilar Identified in Second Slaying"
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1668:. Canon City Public Library. Archived from
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228:due to his mental incapacities. Arridy was
1879:People executed by Colorado by gas chamber
1839:20th-century executions of American people
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1441:"75-year-old case still compelling today"
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1537:"Joe Arridy: Chapter Two – The Innocent"
1420:"Doomed Eye: Can Imbecile Give It Away?"
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974:Strescino, Peter (January 7, 2011).
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1834:American people executed for murder
1439:Harmon, Tracy (February 27, 2014).
1123:de Yoanna, Michael (June 6, 2007).
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1747:"The Poem | Friends of Joe Arridy"
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1363:"Executions in the U.S. 1608-2002"
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1177:"YOUNG GIRL DIES AT FIEND'S HANDS"
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501:Colorado Springs Police Department
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1814:American people of Syrian descent
1787:, December 2012, Colorado College
1706:, Abingdon Press, paperback, 1995
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930:from the original on 18 July 2019
918:Coffman, Keith (2 January 2011).
342:him and forced Arridy to perform
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955:. Miami Herald. Associated Press
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1201:. October 8, 1936. p. 14.
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1428:. November 6, 1938. p. 3.
1254:"Arridy Taken to Canon City".
1183:. August 18, 1936. p. 12.
1149:
763:Capital punishment in Colorado
1:
1864:Executed people from Colorado
1635:. January 7, 1939. p. 9.
1590:. January 6, 1939. p. 1.
1572:. January 7, 1939. p. 1.
1522:. January 6, 1939. p. 1.
1504:. January 6, 1939. p. 3.
1468:. History Press. p. 68.
1351:. January 6, 1939. p. 1.
1315:. August 14, 1938. p. 1.
1258:. August 28, 1936. p. 1.
976:"Governor pardons Joe Arridy"
821:
719:Representation in other media
440:Works Progress Administration
254:
1844:People from Pueblo, Colorado
1716:Kuroski, John (2018-07-26).
1333:. April 17, 1937. p. 4.
1130:Colorado Springs Independent
7:
1327:"Arridy Case Goes to Court"
756:
472:Colorado State Penitentiary
277:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate
259:Arridy was born in 1915 in
77:Colorado State Penitentiary
10:
1905:
577:
1649:"Arridy Dies at Prison".
1541:lebaneseglobalcentury.com
702:
371:
181:
171:
148:
144:
113:
102:
92:
65:
43:
28:
21:
783:
511:
428:Grand Junction, Colorado
317:Grand Junction, Colorado
291:), who had arrived from
97:Execution by gas chamber
1633:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
715:near the state prison.
594:Death row and execution
1722:All That's Interesting
1425:Illustrated Daily News
851:. 5280. October 2008.
849:"Begging Joe's pardon"
686:2011 posthumous pardon
588:Colorado Supreme Court
1464:Moore, James (2018).
1256:Greeley Daily Tribune
1199:Greeley Daily Tribune
1162:Greeley Daily Tribune
1036:Friends of Joe Arridy
393:Arrest and conviction
1283:St. Petersburg Times
743:The Woodpecker Waltz
673:Governor of Colorado
658:in the afterlife by
568:Colorado legislation
490:The Pueblo Chieftain
1869:Wrongful executions
1570:The Courier-Journal
1502:The San Diego Union
1231:. August 27, 1936.
1070:Prendergast, Alan.
986:on January 10, 2011
381:, believed to be a
321:psychological tests
218:wrongfully executed
157:First-degree murder
108:wrongfully executed
93:Cause of death
1779:2019-07-18 at the
1702:2021-03-12 at the
1664:Andersen, Dianna.
1653:. January 7, 1939.
1651:The Daily Sentinel
1588:The Daily Sentinel
1520:The Daily Sentinel
1408:. January 7, 1939.
1349:The Daily Sentinel
1331:The Daily Sentinel
713:Greenwood Cemetery
532:Franklin Roosevelt
283:(then part of the
269:Maronite Christian
1819:Syrian Christians
1771:Terri Bradt,'75;
1696:Deadly Innocence?
1181:Spokane Chronicle
736:Deadly Innocence?
608:cornea transplant
548:Frances McConnell
536:George Washington
481:District Attorney
419:Cheyenne, Wyoming
399:Cheyenne, Wyoming
230:mentally disabled
185:
184:
137:(January 7, 2011)
1896:
1788:
1768:
1762:
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1759:
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1505:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1445:Pueblo Chieftain
1436:
1430:
1429:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1401:
1392:
1391:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1367:
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1334:
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1317:
1316:
1313:The News Journal
1305:
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1090:
1089:
1067:
1044:
1043:
1030:Perske, Robert.
1027:
996:
995:
993:
991:
982:. Archived from
980:Pueblo Chieftain
971:
965:
964:
962:
960:
949:
940:
939:
937:
935:
915:
900:
899:
894:
892:
883:. Archived from
876:
865:
864:
862:
860:
845:
815:
812:
806:
794:
778:Ricky Ray Rector
726:Marguerite Young
612:Attorney General
518:pleaded insanity
506:Colorado Springs
271:immigrants from
261:Pueblo, Colorado
240:attorney, for a
226:false confession
222:Pueblo, Colorado
215:
214:
211:
210:
207:
204:
201:
198:
172:Criminal penalty
153:
131:January 6, 1939)
130:
128:
72:
58:Pueblo, Colorado
53:
51:
33:
19:
18:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1781:Wayback Machine
1769:
1765:
1756:
1754:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1731:
1729:
1714:
1710:
1704:Wayback Machine
1694:Robert Perske,
1692:
1685:
1675:
1673:
1662:
1658:
1648:
1647:
1640:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1615:
1613:
1608:. Jan 5, 1939.
1600:
1599:
1595:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1550:
1548:
1535:
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1447:
1437:
1433:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1406:Oakland Tribune
1403:
1402:
1395:
1388:DeathPenaltyUSA
1382:
1381:
1377:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1292:
1290:
1285:. Jan 7, 1939.
1277:
1276:
1263:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1238:
1236:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1193:
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1188:
1175:
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1096:
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1028:
999:
989:
987:
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903:
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829:
824:
819:
818:
813:
809:
795:
791:
786:
759:
721:
705:
688:
660:prison chaplain
615:Byron G. Rogers
596:
584:Gail L. Ireland
580:
552:American Indian
514:
494:sexual deviants
479:in presence of
456:chenille fabric
436:
395:
374:
257:
195:
191:
149:
140:
126:
124:
114:Criminal status
88:
74:
70:
69:January 6, 1939
61:
55:
49:
47:
39:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1902:
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1708:
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1656:
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1593:
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1475:978-0750981453
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624:While held on
595:
592:
579:
576:
513:
510:
435:
432:
423:Laramie County
394:
391:
373:
370:
287:in modern-day
285:Ottoman Empire
256:
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183:
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103:Known for
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
75:
73:(aged 23)
67:
63:
62:
56:
54:April 29, 1915
45:
41:
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34:
26:
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6:
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1698:
1697:
1690:
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1672:on 2011-03-13
1671:
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1606:Reading Eagle
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1099:
1083:
1080:. p. 4.
1079:
1078:
1073:
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921:
914:
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910:
908:
906:
898:
887:on 2012-07-31
886:
882:
879:Warden, Rob.
875:
873:
871:
854:
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732:Robert Perske
730:
727:
723:
722:
716:
714:
710:
700:
698:
692:
683:
681:
676:
674:
670:
669:Teller Ammons
665:
661:
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634:
630:
627:
622:
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609:
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572:sterilization
569:
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448:work overalls
445:
441:
434:Frank Aguilar
431:
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390:
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384:
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379:bladed weapon
369:
367:
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358:train-hopping
354:
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345:
341:
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332:
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326:
325:feeble-minded
322:
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188:Joseph Arridy
180:
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151:Conviction(s)
147:
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78:
68:
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42:
38:
32:
27:
20:
1784:
1772:
1766:
1755:. Retrieved
1741:
1730:. Retrieved
1721:
1711:
1695:
1674:. Retrieved
1670:the original
1666:"Joe Arridy"
1659:
1650:
1632:
1626:
1614:. Retrieved
1605:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1569:
1560:
1549:. Retrieved
1540:
1519:
1510:
1501:
1495:
1484:
1465:
1459:
1448:. Retrieved
1444:
1434:
1423:
1414:
1405:
1387:
1378:
1369:
1357:
1348:
1339:
1330:
1321:
1312:
1303:
1291:. Retrieved
1282:
1255:
1249:
1237:. Retrieved
1228:
1219:
1207:. Retrieved
1198:
1189:
1180:
1171:
1160:
1151:
1139:. Retrieved
1128:
1125:"Sorry, Joe"
1086:. Retrieved
1075:
1035:
988:. Retrieved
984:the original
979:
969:
957:. Retrieved
932:. Retrieved
923:
896:
889:. Retrieved
885:the original
857:. Retrieved
810:
792:
749:
742:
735:
706:
693:
689:
680:Toledo, Ohio
677:
644:
635:
631:
623:
597:
581:
544:
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498:
469:
460:
437:
412:
396:
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348:
333:
305:
258:
246:
242:state pardon
234:
187:
186:
164:
71:(1939-01-06)
1809:1939 deaths
1804:1915 births
697:Bill Ritter
639:flat affect
564:germ plasma
403:kitchen car
336:bootlegging
249:Bill Ritter
1798:Categories
1757:2024-05-19
1732:2021-07-30
1616:10 January
1551:2024-04-12
1450:2024-08-02
1293:10 January
1239:10 January
1088:2023-07-08
822:References
709:Cañon City
664:last rites
600:Republican
267:: عريضة),
255:Early life
127:1939-01-06
81:Cañon City
50:1915-04-29
23:Joe Arridy
1676:9 January
1209:April 12,
990:9 January
959:8 January
891:9 January
859:8 January
648:last meal
626:death row
582:Attorney
486:marijuana
340:sodomized
273:Bqarqacha
35:Arridy's
1785:Bulletin
1777:Archived
1751:Archived
1726:Archived
1700:Archived
1610:Archived
1545:Archived
1287:Archived
1233:Archived
1203:Archived
1141:31 March
1135:Archived
1082:Archived
1077:Westword
1040:Archived
928:Archived
881:"Arridy"
853:Archived
757:See also
604:tear gas
560:eugenics
556:Hispanic
523:imbecile
477:Roy Best
415:vagrancy
387:Bessemer
344:oral sex
309:mud pies
165:pardoned
135:Pardoned
121:Executed
85:Colorado
37:mug shot
934:18 July
924:Reuters
803:Aramaic
619:consent
578:Appeals
452:nickels
383:hatchet
366:Wyoming
289:Lebanon
1472:
799:Arabic
734:wrote
703:Legacy
671:, the
656:angels
444:Mexico
408:Archer
372:Attack
364:, and
297:Greece
293:Patras
265:Arabic
238:Denver
106:Being
87:, U.S.
60:, U.S.
1366:(PDF)
784:Notes
512:Trial
442:from
329:moron
281:Syria
176:Death
1678:2011
1618:2011
1470:ISBN
1370:ESPY
1295:2011
1241:2011
1211:2024
1143:2024
992:2011
961:2011
936:2019
893:2011
861:2011
652:harp
540:dime
464:club
362:Utah
161:rape
66:Died
44:Born
801:or
711:'s
534:or
417:in
350:sic
315:in
1800::
1783:,
1749:.
1724:.
1720:.
1686:^
1641:^
1604:.
1586:.
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1539:.
1528:^
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1443:.
1422:.
1396:^
1386:.
1368:.
1347:.
1329:.
1311:.
1281:.
1264:^
1227:.
1197:.
1179:.
1159:.
1133:.
1127:.
1097:^
1074:.
1048:^
1038:.
1034:.
1000:^
978:.
944:^
926:.
922:.
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869:^
830:^
527:IQ
368:.
295:,
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212:/
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203:ɪ
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190:(
167:)
163:(
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125:(
123:(
52:)
48:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
