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of Poland had already been mostly exterminated. There were also Poles, Germans and other nationalities, as well as Soviet prisoners of war. There were 14 reported successful escapes, including several Soviet POWs who then joined the local Polish communist partisans. The camp's survival rate was low due to its terrible conditions. This included starvation, disease, hard labour and brutality. About 2,000 people lost their lives in the
Jaworzno camp. Some of the prisoners were murdered by German civilian employees of the coal mine, mostly members of the paramilitary organization
337:
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in Świętochłowice. Others included Włodzimierz
Staniszewski, Stanisław Kwiatkowski and Teofil Hazelmajer who all answering to Jakub Hammerschmidt, later known as Jakub Halicki. Soviet NKVD officer Ivan Mordasov was also commandant of the camp. There were two satellite subcamps located at Chrusty and
389:
epidemic in the overcrowded camp out of at least 6,140 who died during this period in all camps and prisons in Poland. Contemporary figures are much higher. According to research conducted by Polish historians on the data released by the prison services in 1993, the list of prisoners who died at COP
209:
as the front approached. The camp was evacuated two days later on
January 17. At the last roll-call, the number of inmates was established at 3,664. The SS executed about 40 prisoners who were unfit for transport and about 400 others were left behind alive. Approximately 3,200 prisoners were marched
189:
There were up to 5,000 inmates imprisoned in the camp at any given time. There were various nationalities of prisoners, mainly
European Jews (about 80% of all inmates). By the time the camp began its operations, the local Jews of Jaworzno (a population of about 3,000 before the war) and of the rest
381:
priests. The Lemko and
Ukrainian prisoners were gradually released from spring of 1948 until spring of 1949 when the last of them left Jaworzno. Most of them were deported to new places of settlement or freed and allowed to return to their homes. Several hundred were sent to military prisons. At
433:
The former camp was converted into an apartment complex, the brick barracks forming housing and educational buildings (a primary musical school and a kindergarten, as well as a house of culture). As of 2012, residents still lived in the complex. A memorial dedicated in Polish to "the victims of
421:) under the age of 21. Some 15,000 people passed through it as inmates, imprisoned in better conditions than the previous batches of prisoners. Their forced labour was accompanied by indoctrination and education. The camp's final closure took place during the wave of general
372:
reached the special subcamp of
Jaworzno on May 5 and the number of these prisoners eventually came 4,000, including over 700 women and children. The vast majority of them arrived in 1947. Most of them were people suspected of being sympathetic towards the rebels of the
390:
Jaworzno and its affiliations between 1945 and 1956 consists of 6,987 names, which is a figure much greater than in any other Polish detention centre. In comparison, approximately 2,915 prisoners died at the second most lethal work camp in
Stalinist Poland, the
316:" ("Work enables man"). The prisoners mostly worked on the construction site of the Jaworzno power plant or in nearby factories and mines. All of them were imprisoned in separate subcamps and were guarded by more than 300 soldiers and officers from the
446:
opened another memorial, dedicated in three languages to "all German, Polish and
Ukrainian victims of communist terror who died or were murdered" in the camp. This was erected on the previously unmarked mass grave site in a nearby forest.
437:
After the fall of communism in Poland, the monument was joined by a small commemorative plinth to the inmates of the political prison in the nearby primary school grounds. On May 23, 1998, Polish and
Ukrainian Presidents
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for the German war industry. Inmates were primarily employed in coal mining in
Jaworzno, and in the construction of the power plant "Wilhelm" (renamed "Jaworzno I" after the war) for
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222:. In all, about 9,000 to 15,000 Auschwitz system prisoners perished during the evacuation marches. The abandoned camp was infiltrated on January 19, 1945, by the local unit of the
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that were imprisoned separately from the rest. The prisoners were made up of Nazi collaborators from all over Poland. Most were local Germans from German
586:"Response by the State of Israel to the application for the extradition of Salomon Morel and a report by Dr. Adam Dziurok and Prosecutor Andrzej Majcher"
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According to incomplete official statistics from the period, 1,535 people died at COP Jaworzno between 1945 and 1947. 972 of these prisoners died of a
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In April 1945 the camp was renamed to the "Central Labor Camp" (COP) as part of a centralized effort to create COPs. ) The German inscription "
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and other agencies of the Polish communist regime. Today the site is an apartment complex and also houses a memorial to the camp's victims.
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and elsewhere. Prisoners included women and children. There were also ethnic Poles who were arrested for their opposition to
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The camp for Germans was run until 1949, when the last of them were allowed to leave and emigrate from their home region to
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from occupied Poland and other countries, led by camp commandant Bruno Pfütze and his deputy Paul Weissman.
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Hitlerism 1939-1945" was erected on the site of the January 1945 mass execution of prisoners by the SS.
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After Operation Vistula was concluded in 1949, the camp continued to be used as a prison for Polish
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The COP Jaworzno memorial plate in Polish, located to between the German and Ukrainian plates
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away on a route leading them 250 km westward. Hundreds of them died on the way to the
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718:"Jaworzno: Centralny Obóz Pracy. Tam nadal mieszkają ludzie - Jaworzno - Naszemiasto.pl"
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413:. Between 1951 and 1956, it was turned into the "progressive prison for adolescents" (
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194:), who had been tasked with overseeing the prisoners at work. Every month about 200
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forces arrived there a week later. Commandant Pfütze was killed later in 1945.
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After the communist takeover of Poland, the camp was reinstated and ran by the
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168:(EVO). Among the builders of the camp were British prisoners of war from the
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553:"Ministerstwo Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego utworzyło Centralne Obozy Pracy"
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258:(UB) as a prison camp for the so-called "enemies of the nation" (Polish:
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394:, mainly from typhus and dysentery. The victims were mostly the German
607:"Ofiary akcji Wisła i Centralnego Obozu Pracy przyjechały do Jaworzna"
364:, COP Jaworzno was selected for the detention of civilians during the
93:
administration from June 1943 until their evacuation in January 1945.
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deportation campaign. The first transportation of 17 prisoners from
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262:). Some of them were German military POWs who were members of the
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till 1956, mainly to imprison the local German population, who
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and later in Communist Poland. It was first established by the
28:
369:
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On the night of January 15, 1945, the camp was bombed by the
1443:
Perpetrators, participants, organizations, and collaborators
609:(in Polish). Dziennikzachodni.pl. 2012-09-08. Archived from
140:
was opened on June 15, 1943, as one of many subcamps of the
695:(in Polish). Wiadomosci.onet.pl. 2013-08-07. Archived from
508:"Number of Prisoners in Auschwitz Camps (January 17, 1945)"
251:
198:, were taken by truck from Jaworzno to the gas chambers at
43:
32:
119:
3000:
International Youth Meeting Center in Oświęcim/Auschwitz
405:
Memorial to the adolescent political prisoners 1951-1956
2861:
871:
720:(in Polish). Jaworzno.naszemiasto.pl. 20 September 2012
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by various authors. Publisher: Muzeum Miasta Jaworzna.
16:
German concentration camp in Poland during World War II
230:(AK). 350 prisoners were still alive when the Soviet
673:
Volksdeutsche w Centralnym Obozie Pracy w Jaworznie
250:Since February 1945 the camp had served the Soviet
180:personnel was composed mostly of the ethnic German
352:prisoners. On April 23, 1947, by a decree of the
324:, who had gained a reputation for cruelty in the
3054:
2362:Resistance, victims, documentation and technical
529:"A New Guide to the Route of the Death Marches"
46:in 1945 to 1956. After that it was used by the
636:Obóz dwóch totalitaryzmów - Jaworzno 1943-1956
565:"Stalinowskie obozy pracy w Polsce - Historia"
312:" ("Work makes free") was replaced by Polish "
2847:
2347:
1428:
988:
857:
781:Obóz dwóch totalitaryzmów. Jaworzno 1943-1956
491:Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp, Part 805
202:, resulting in several thousand more deaths.
176:). The camp's guard unit of about 200 to 300
3033:Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust
108:. During this period, it was renamed as the
1003:Camps, ghettos, execution sites and attacks
106:had formed the region's majority population
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1421:
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864:
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779:Kazimierz Miroszewski, Zygmunt Woźniczka,
771:Jaworzno: Zarys dziejów w latach 1939-1990
344:A separate subcamp existed for the ethnic
292:and later the anti-communist organization
741:(in Polish). Jaworzno.pl. Archived from
632:"Jaworznicki obóz dwóch totalitaryzmów."
567:(in Polish). polskieradio.pl. 2007-01-04
400:
335:
241:
123:
2958:Extraordinary (Soviet) State Commission
196:inmates who were unable to work anymore
3055:
2941:Polish, East German, and Soviet trials
2301:Lithuanian Auxiliary Police Battalions
510:. Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. 1945-01-17
419:Progresywne Więzienie dla Młodocianych
120:During the German occupation of Poland
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1416:
976:
845:
531:. En.auschwitz.org.pl. Archived from
246:Central Labour Camp Jaworzno memorial
128:Labor camp Neu-Dachs memorial in 2006
3103:Soviet World War II crimes in Poland
3068:Buildings and structures in Jaworzno
739:"66. rocznica Akcji Wisła: Jaworzno"
280:civilians from Jaworzno, the nearby
63:("SS Camp Dachsgrube) also known as
3083:Aftermath of World War II in Poland
2862:Aftermath, trials and commemoration
873:Holocaust in German-occupied Poland
630:Marek Iwaniszyn (August 26, 2007),
489:Yisrael Gutman, Michael Berenbaum,
13:
3113:Nazi concentration camps in Poland
3023:Polish Righteous Among the Nations
166:EnergieVersorgung Oberschlesien AG
14:
3124:
2705:Special Prosecution Book – Poland
787:
2882:Population transfers (1944–1946)
1931:Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg
653:"Wyłączanie wrogich elementów",
237:
114:Centralny Obóz Pracy w Jaworznie
69:("Work Camp Neu-Dachs") during
2985:Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum
2897:Anti-Jewish violence, 1944–1946
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710:
685:
662:
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392:Central Labour Camp in Potulice
110:Central Labour Camp in Jaworzno
2313:Schutzmannschaft Battalion 118
2289:36th Estonian Police Battalion
769:Jerzy Zwiastowski and others,
624:
599:
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557:
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521:
500:
483:
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212:Gross-Rosen concentration camp
89:. The camp operated under the
1:
3093:Poland–Soviet Union relations
2980:Monument to the Ghetto Heroes
2810:Human medical experimentation
760:
462:
457:List of subcamps of Auschwitz
382:least 161 died in the camp.
428:
314:Praca uszlachetnia człowieka
142:Auschwitz concentration camp
7:
3078:Forced migrations in Europe
3015:Righteous Among the Nations
2902:Ministry of Public Security
2281:Belarusian Auxiliary Police
891:Related articles by country
450:
256:Ministry of Public Security
102:People's Republic of Poland
48:Ministry of Public Security
21:Jaworzno concentration camp
10:
3129:
2927:Frankfurt Auschwitz trials
2309:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
39:and was later used by the
3073:Defunct prisons in Poland
3013:
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2919:
2910:
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2831:
2782:
2762:
2723:
2700:Sobibor perpetrator album
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2648:
2583:
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2459:
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2331:
2285:Estonian Auxiliary Police
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2211:
2186:
2050:
2043:
1944:
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1412:
1395:Human medical experiments
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1239:
1197:
1136:
1069:
1017:
1008:
972:
968:
879:
3098:Poland–Ukraine relations
2948:Auschwitz trial (Poland)
2293:Latvian Auxiliary Police
2026:Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
1528:Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger
375:Ukrainian Insurgent Army
53:It was established as a
27:in WW2, German-occupied
3038:Garden of the Righteous
2790:Identification in camps
2783:Technical and logistics
2229:Order Police battalions
477:"Das Lager in Jaworzno"
318:Internal Security Corps
134:Nazi concentration camp
55:Nazi concentration camp
2451:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
1916:Heinrich Klaustermeyer
440:Aleksander Kwaśniewski
423:post-Stalinist reforms
418:
406:
341:
247:
129:
100:first and then by the
79:German-occupied Poland
66:Arbeitslager Neu-Dachs
3063:Subcamps of Auschwitz
2990:Majdanek State Museum
2123:Karl-Friedrich Höcker
1027:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
828:50.21342°N 19.23936°E
671:Adam Dziurok (2001),
404:
362:Polish Workers' Party
339:
245:
200:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
144:. The camp, known as
127:
2467:Mordechai Anielewicz
2178:Elisabeth Volkenrath
2063:Jenny-Wanda Barkmann
1699:Arthur Liebehenschel
1624:Hermine Braunsteiner
1568:Arthur Seyss-Inquart
806:, No. 12/2002 (1008)
274:Polish Upper Silesia
254:and then the Polish
77:in the territory of
3108:Stalinism in Poland
3005:March of the Living
2877:Holocaust survivors
2741:Vrba–Wetzler report
2517:Alexander Pechersky
2477:Mordechai Tenenbaum
1926:Alexander Palfinger
1749:Johann Schwarzhuber
1309:Międzyrzec Podlaski
1288:Lviv pogroms (1941)
1189:Sonderaktion Krakau
824: /
479:. 21 February 2020.
411:political prisoners
154:SS-Lager Dachsgrube
152:(often also called
60:SS-Lager Dachsgrube
35:in 1943 during the
2920:West German trials
2715:Wannsee Conference
2502:Itzhak Katzenelson
2254:General Government
1739:Franz Reichleitner
1669:Fritz Hartjenstein
1659:Maximilian Grabner
1578:Bruno Streckenbach
1390:Grossaktion Warsaw
1043:Operation Reinhard
833:50.21342; 19.23936
800:("Polish Gulag"),
678:2012-03-08 at the
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342:
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25:concentration camp
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2206:
2148:Johanna Langefeld
2143:Hildegard Lächert
2039:
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1875:Alfred Trzebinski
1840:Franz von Bodmann
1792:Lorenz Hackenholt
1634:Theodor van Eupen
1573:Jakob Sporrenberg
1408:
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366:Operation Vistula
358:Central Committee
326:Zgoda labour camp
309:Arbeit macht frei
224:Polish resistance
116:, COP Jaworzno).
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2932:Treblinka trials
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2731:Graebe affidavit
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2670:Frank memorandum
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2537:Szmul Zygielbojm
2527:Frumka Płotnicka
2487:Leon Feldhendler
2472:Icchak Cukierman
2426:Ghetto uprisings
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2098:Feodor Fedorenko
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1956:Wolfgang Birkner
1744:Heinrich Schwarz
1734:Josef Oberhauser
1709:Heinrich Matthes
1593:Dieter Wisliceny
1583:Richard Thomalla
1558:Heinz Reinefarth
1508:Heinrich Himmler
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301:post-war Germany
207:Soviet Air Force
37:Second World War
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2746:Witold's Report
2736:Gerstein Report
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2685:Katzmann Report
2665:Auschwitz Album
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2507:Michał Klepfisz
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2163:Erich Muhsfeldt
2093:Margot Dreschel
2078:Alexander Bülow
2035:
2031:Udo von Woyrsch
2021:Hermann Schaper
2016:Emanuel Schäfer
2001:Josef Meisinger
1961:Helmut Bischoff
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1896:Heinz Auerswald
1884:
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1764:Christian Wirth
1674:Gottlieb Hering
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1548:Georg Michalsen
1533:Franz Kutschera
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2710:Stroop Report
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2650:Documentation
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1071:Concentration
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1019:Extermination
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773:, Kraków 1996
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745:on 2013-11-13
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699:on 2013-11-13
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659:, 12/02/2000.
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238:Stalinist era
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228:Armia Krajowa
226:organization
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216:Lower Silesia
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183:Volksdeutsche
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172:at Lamsdorf (
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170:Stalag VIII-B
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2751:
2675:Höcker Album
2658:Nazi sources
2546:Victim lists
2512:Miles Lerman
2319:Trawniki men
2259:Hotel Polski
2168:Detlef Nebbe
2133:Oswald Kaduk
2128:Karl Jeschke
2006:Bruno Müller
1996:Felix Landau
1981:Ernst Damzog
1976:Karl Brunner
1945:
1921:Franz Konrad
1822:Adolf Theuer
1775:executioners
1754:Franz Stangl
1724:Robert Mulka
1694:Josef Kramer
1644:Karl Frenzel
1614:Richard Baer
1609:Hans Aumeier
1602:Camp command
1588:Otto Wächter
1468:Josef Bühler
1463:Viktor Brack
1449:Perpetrators
1041:
883:Main article
809:
801:
798:Polski Gułag
780:
770:
747:. Retrieved
743:the original
733:
722:. Retrieved
712:
701:. Retrieved
697:the original
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664:
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615:. Retrieved
611:the original
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588:. Ipn.gov.pl
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569:. Retrieved
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533:the original
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162:Albert Speer
158:forced labor
156:), provided
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148:Arbeitslager
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131:
113:
109:
98:Soviet Union
95:
71:World War II
65:
64:
59:
58:
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20:
18:
2795:Gas chamber
2763:Concealment
2754:photographs
2601:Gross-Rosen
2570:Lviv (Lwów)
2532:Roza Robota
2436:Częstochowa
2068:Herta Bothe
2058:Hans Anhalt
2051:Camp guards
1991:Ludwig Hahn
1971:Paul Blobel
1911:Franz Bürkl
1901:Hans Biebow
1860:Fritz Klein
1797:Josef Klehr
1782:Erich Bauer
1773:Gas chamber
1719:Karl Möckel
1704:Maria Mandl
1679:Rudolf Höss
1664:Otto Hantke
1553:Oswald Pohl
1543:Ernst Lerch
1354:Stanisławów
1264:Częstochowa
1154:Bronna Góra
1084:Gross-Rosen
1079:Auschwitz I
831: /
794:(in Polish)
777:(in Polish)
767:(in Polish)
669:(in Polish)
651:(in Polish)
640:(in Polish)
220:death march
174:Łambinowice
164:'s company
91:Nazi German
75:Third Reich
3057:Categories
2118:Irma Grese
2113:Paul Götze
2083:Luise Danz
1832:Physicians
1639:Kurt Franz
1488:Hans Frank
1456:Organizers
1400:Heidelager
819:19°14′22″E
816:50°12′48″N
761:Literature
749:2013-11-13
724:2013-11-13
703:2013-11-13
617:2013-11-13
592:2013-11-13
571:2013-11-13
539:2013-11-13
514:2013-11-13
463:References
2972:Memorials
2869:Aftermath
2636:Treblinka
2591:Auschwitz
2446:Treblinka
2431:Białystok
2419:Uprisings
2199:Treblinka
2044:Personnel
1812:Otto Moll
1802:Hans Koch
1654:Amon Göth
1385:Action T4
1349:Sosnowiec
1319:Nowy Sącz
1254:Białystok
1221:Szczuczyn
1169:Erntefest
1159:Bydgoszcz
1144:Białystok
1059:Treblinka
935:Lithuania
493:, citing
429:Aftermath
350:Ukrainian
286:Stalinism
265:Waffen-SS
150:Neu-Dachs
2815:Zyklon B
2631:Trawniki
2626:Stutthof
2611:Majdanek
1359:Tarnopol
1299:Lubartów
1211:Jedwabne
1114:Trawniki
1104:Stutthof
1094:Potulice
1037:Majdanek
955:Slovakia
676:Archived
451:See also
282:Chrzanów
278:Silesian
232:Red Army
138:Jaworzno
83:Jaworzno
2800:Gas van
2616:Sobibór
2553:Ghettos
2460:Leaders
2441:Sobibor
2194:Sobibor
2187:By camp
1334:Siedlce
1241:Ghettos
1226:Tykocin
1198:Pogroms
1184:Palmiry
1109:Szebnie
1054:Sobibor
1032:Chełmno
960:Ukraine
945:Romania
925:Germany
915:Estonia
910:Denmark
905:Croatia
900:Belgium
895:Belarus
360:of the
356:of the
73:by the
57:called
2912:Trials
2887:Bricha
2621:Soldau
2606:Izbica
2596:Bełżec
2575:Warsaw
2560:Kraków
2400:Żegota
1369:Warsaw
1344:Słonim
1339:Sambor
1314:Mizocz
1304:Lublin
1279:Kraków
1274:Kielce
1269:Grodno
1249:Będzin
1231:Wąsosz
1207:(1946)
1205:Kielce
1119:Warsaw
1099:Soldau
1049:Belzec
950:Russia
940:Norway
930:Latvia
920:France
803:Wprost
415:Polish
387:typhus
331:Libiąż
276:, and
41:Soviet
29:Poland
23:was a
2584:Camps
2244:RKFDV
1364:Wilno
1329:Radom
1324:Pińsk
1259:Brest
1164:Dynów
1010:Camps
370:Sanok
346:Lemko
33:Nazis
3027:List
2565:Łódź
2385:Bund
2249:VoMi
2239:WVHA
1294:Łódź
1284:Lwów
1216:Lviv
442:and
348:and
252:NKVD
132:The
44:NKVD
19:The
2410:ŻZW
2405:ŻOB
2395:PKB
2380:AOB
303:.
294:WiN
290:BCh
214:in
146:SS-
136:at
81:in
3059::
2390:GL
2375:AK
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2307:,
2303:,
2299:,
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2291:,
2287:/
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2223:SS
417::
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192:SA
178:SS
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
