427:
25:
263:. According to that, the temple was using a lot of red paint (typical for Slavic people), mainly on its prominent red roof, and due to its location, it was giving a significant contrast to the white cliffs for people coming from the sea and to the blue water surface for people coming from the land. Many Slavic names use colors of some significant buildings or soil etc., e.g. in Poland and Russia, there is about 400 places with name connected to the red color. Therefore, Šubert believes, that the name
196:. An archeological research had been done in the sea area but findings could not confirm the theory. Some findings included stone pillars, walls, slingshot machine stones and a rune stone with the name "Ulf". The theory was, however, known much earlier. Some researchers believed that Jomsburg was a wrong spelling of Jaromarsburg, while others disputed this theory as early as the 18th century or earlier. Mémoires de la Société royale des antiquaires du Nord (1836–1839) mentions
521:) – just above the foundation base – which is laid on its side. There are different interpretations of this stone. It is possible that the stone relief was carved in the pre-Christian era on Rügen, and could have represented the Slavic god, Svantevit, to the priest, because only he had the right to touch the large and ornate drinking horn of Svantevit's. But it could also be the gravestone of Prince Tetzlav, who had been given the peninsula of
439:
140:
several years urgent archaeological excavations have taken place that have uncovered the site of the
Svetovid temple, which had been thought for a long time had been lost to coastal collapse. It is a rectangular area that was completely free of artifacts, but to find around which, however, articles were discovered that may have been offerings, including parts of broken weapons. This is consistent with the historical account by
388:
82:
650:
Kultur des Östlichen
Mitteleuropa, vol. 11), Stuttgart 2000, pp. 9–22, esp. p. 14; Heike Reimann, Fred Ruchhöft, Cornelia Willich: Rügen im Mittelalter. Eine interdisziplinäre Studie zur mittelalterlichen Besiedlung auf Rügen (Forschungen zur Geschichte und Kultur des Östlichen Mitteleuropa, vol. 36), Stuttgart 2011, pp. 42 ff.
538:
temple as a place of worship was empty. The west of the temple showed a smaller, but now leveled Wall, behind the big Wall which showed the living area. Whether that was meant for the cult priests and their servants or as a refuge for the surrounding settlements as well as a craft store, could not be determined until today.
479:. On 15 June 1168, the temple fortress was taken after four weeks of siege, when the attackers succeeded by day, in starting a fire at an unobserved point, which the defenders of the castle could not put out due to a shortage of water. The temple was then destroyed, the Svetovid statue chopped up and burned.
649:
Torsten Kempke: Skandinavisch-slawische
Kontakte an der südlichen Ostseeküste im 7. bis 9. Jahrhundert, in Ole Harck, Christian Lübke (Hrsgg.): Zwischen Reric und Bornhöved. Die Beziehungen zwischen den Dänen und ihren slawischen Nachbarn vom 9. bis ins 13. Jahrhundert (Forschungen zur Geschichte und
533:
The
Jaromarsburg at Arkona is the only rampart for which we have detailed contemporaneous accounts. The castle was investigated by archaeologists multiple times due to the erosion constantly occurring around the castle. An information board in the Archaeological exhibition in Schwerin in 1995 showed
399:
that reached a height of 13 metres, plus additional fortifications. The fortifications and the temple were made of wood. Originally, the fortifications extended 300 metres on a north-south axis and 350 metres east-west. According to the Danish historian Saxo
Grammaticus, the temple was surrounded by
139:
have continually collapsed into the sea, which is why the remnants of the
Jaromarsburg today mainly comprise the castle ramparts. Based on a loss of 10 to 20 metres per century, it is believed that the current area within the ramparts represents only a third of the original total. As a result, for
537:
This led the archaeologists to investigate the castle before it disappeared completely in the sea. Carl
Schuchardt, an archaeologist from Berlin, undertook in 1921 the first known investigation. An important finding was that the written reports of the Saxos were correct and the space around the
450:
settled on Rügen; they probably built the sanctuary at this time and then erected the castle and fortifications in several stages. In the 11th century the rampart was raised further using soil from the inner area of the castle. The Rani dominated Rügen for some time and the temple increased in
475:, made used of this weakness to mount an offensive against Rügen, which was the stronghold of the Rani. After a series of attacks, ambushes and partial victories, he landed at Arkona with his fleet on 19 May 1168, accompanied by his army commander and close friend, Bishop
541:
In 1930, Wilhelm
Petzsch investigated the wall and documented the findings. The most important result was that he found the fight film from 1136 (conquest by Danish King Erich II) under the combat and fire layer from 1168 (Danish King Waldemar I.). A deeper
345:). Such origin is, however, probably not right, because many Slavic temples of different gods had a sacred horse without naming their place after it. Šubert believes that it is not a feature specific enough to name this very important temple after it.
490:, submitted to the Danish king. After the death of Tetzlav in 1170, Jaromar was Prince of the Rani until 1218. With the fall of the temple, King Valdemar got his hands on a treasure, but in 1171, he had to share this with his ally,
624:
Kurtze
Einleitung zur Geographie des Norder-Teutschlandes slavischer Nation und mittlerer Zeiten insonderheit der Fürstenthümer Pommern und Rügen aus beglaubten Geschichts-Büchern und mehrern theils urkündlichen Denckmalen
466:
had captured the temple fortress. The defeated Rani pledged the adoption of
Christianity but reneged on their agreement after the withdrawal of the Danes. In 1157, a storm destroyed a Slavic fleet of 1,500 ships off the
376:. Šubert, however, thinks it's very unlikely for the old and strong Rani tribe to use Germanic words to name their most sacred temple - especially since all other parts of Rügen had clearly Slavic names.
406:
In its right hand the figure held a drinking horn, made of various metals. The priest filled it each year with mead and from that which had been lost over the year prophesied about the coming harvest .
509:. Numerous chapels were built on former cult and burial places. In the area of the former Svetovid sanctuary, the first Christian church was built on Rügen. In the nearby church of
236:, is probably also a result of changes the Latin authors did to the original name. Based on his linguistic research of similar changes, author František Adolf Šubert in his work:
754:
204:
as two different places that are situated close to each other, but with time, some authors started using the name Jaromarsburg interchangeably with Arkona.
663:, kat . Č . 578 . In: Stiegemann, C., Kroker, M., Walter, W. (Eds.): CREDO. Christianizace Evropy ve středověku . páska 2 . Petersberg 2013, s. 629-631 .
525:, after the Danish conquest of Rügen. Furthermore, it is assumed that the position of the stone represents the superiority of God over the pagan gods.
734:
690:
211:(Arcun, Arkún, Arcune, Arcon, Archon, Archona, Orcunde,...). The most used term, Arkona, was later given to the whole cape as its name.
357:
739:
144:, who states that the priests inside the temple were not even allowed to breathe within its confines, so as not to defile it.
192:, a lost Viking/Slavic city. It was supported by an information on a map from 17th century, that placed Jomsburg near to the
729:
759:
68:
46:
749:
410:
It is believed that settlements related to the temple were located on the sites where today the fishing villages of
214:
The name itself in this form is most likely not the name Rani were using because Slavic names do not typically have
39:
180:
in 1168. Due to that, the all old temples were destroyed and Rani were forced to convert to Christianity. The name
426:
188:
later. In 1937 and 1938, a theory gained in popularity, that Jaromarsburg is a different spelling of
207:
Originally, during the time of its fame, the temple fort was known in chronicles and other texts as
451:
importance as a religious centre for the Slavs in the southern Baltic following the destruction of
33:
510:
308:
Garchen; Gartsin; Jarkowo, Jarcouwe, Jarchowe, Harchowe, Garchowe, Garchow, Garchova; Jarkvitz
218:
as their first letter, while e.g. Latin or German languages (used in the most of the texts) use
486:, who until then was the king of Rani, and his brother, Jaromar, who lived in their capital at
400:
two enclosures, the outer one covered by a purple roof. Inside was a four-metre-high statue of
50:
472:
310:). Based on this information, Šubert came to the conclusion that Arkona was originally named
275:(= fresh, fiery, ardent, furious, springtime, strong, springy, young, bright - also directly
169:
534:
this very clearly. The castle area has decreased in 1000 years to 1/3 of its original size.
8:
447:
112:
and used from the 9th to the 12th century. It was located on the northeastern tip of the
102:
744:
682:
463:
260:
141:
676:
513:, the building of which had probably already begun by 1185, is the Priest Stone (
476:
185:
173:
129:
491:
396:
356:), not a Slavic but German name and that before Rani the place belonged to the
306:(Poland). There are also other names of this kind known from the Rügen region (
259:. He based etymology of the name on the description of the temple provided by
723:
705:
692:
136:
125:
592:
Band 5), State Office for Culture and Preservation, Schwerin 2009, p 157 ff,
506:
224:
582:
The stove all errors – The Tempelburg Arkona on the northern tip of Rügen.
543:
193:
121:
341:(prime, lush, strong, the best horse - referring to the sacred horse of
379:
There is no clear consensus about the original name's form or meaning.
113:
431:
415:
342:
157:
109:
459:
site and received offerings from other peoples, not just the Slavs.
418:
now stand. The name of the latter means "at the foot of the castle".
487:
438:
401:
189:
679:
Website with information on Cape Arkona including the Jaromarsburg
238:
161:
117:
483:
387:
177:
165:
81:
494:. The extensive estates of the temple were given to the Church.
522:
498:
468:
456:
452:
242:
337:, too. However, etymologically, he interpreted the meaning as
168:(last mentioned in 1170). He was a vassal of the Danish king,
482:
After the fall of the temple the princes of the Rügen Slavs,
365:
184:
is not used in the historical documents and was given to the
98:
279:). In other Slavic countries can be found places named e.g.
502:
411:
94:
360:
tribe and Rani only kept the name, slightly changed into
106:
640:
Praha: Královská česká společnost náuk, 1898, p. 28-34
638:
Rujana, Wittow, Arkona: O Původu a Významu Těchto Jmen.
586:. Archaeological discoveries in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
404:, carved from an oak trunk. Saxo Grammaticus writes:
329:
Another researcher, J. Jacob, believed the name was
135:
At Cape Arkona in recent centuries, sections of the
683:
Artist's impression of the castle in medieval times
721:
528:
575:Releases the antiquities collection Greifswald.
497:In 1169 Rügen came under the suzerainty of the
462:But as early as 1136, a Danish army under King
247:assumes that the original form of the name was
348:Dr. Beyersdorf believed the original name was
755:Buildings and structures in Vorpommern-Rügen
559:Prähist. Journal XXI, p 237 ff u. 262, 1930
546:was still present, which he dated to 1000.
557:Wall and gate of temple festivals Arkona.
326:(with added german word burg = castle).
245:, Arkona: About the origin of these names
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
735:Castles in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
437:
425:
386:
124:, and was protected on two sides by the
80:
32:This article includes a list of general
613:, Bertelsmann Gütersloh, 1940, S. 62 ff
590:. Archaeology in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
395:The castle consisted of two successive
164:(Ruja, Rujána, Rána) after his brother
722:
364:. That could possibly happen based on
160:. He became the only Rani prince of
18:
677:Die Gardvogteien Wittow und Jasmund
322:(Jaromar) has the same origin from
13:
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
771:
670:
318:. Interestingly enough, the name
156:is derived from the Rani prince,
23:
740:Archaeological sites in Germany
446:From about the 9th century the
430:Bishop Absalon topples the god
653:
643:
630:
616:
603:
455:in 1068. The temple served as
267:etymologically derivates from
1:
596:
549:
529:Archaeological investigations
314:(or Jarkún, Jarkůn), meaning
222:at the beginning a lot (e.g.
611:Deutsche Seekriegsgeschichte
505:, who oversaw the spread of
382:
128:and from the land side by a
85:Ramparts of the Jaromarsburg
7:
298:river and most importantly
10:
776:
661:Bildstein von Altenkirchen
421:
730:Former castles in Germany
706:54.6766000°N 13.4369361°E
760:Early Slavic archaeology
571:A Viking Fund of Arkona.
562:Carl Schuchhardt :
471:coast. The Danish king,
232:). The end of the word,
564:Arkona, Rethra, Vineta.
391:Ramparts on Cape Arkona
293:Jarki, Jarków, Jarkouc,
271:, as well as the words
147:
53:more precise citations.
711:54.6766000; 13.4369361
517:) or Svantevit Stone (
443:
435:
392:
86:
750:Principality of Rügen
441:
429:
390:
84:
16:Ancient cult location
580:Astrid Tummuscheit:
702: /
622:Schwarz, Albert G.
442:The Svantevit Stone
174:Rügen was conquered
464:Eric the Memorable
444:
436:
393:
287:(Czech Republic),
87:
659:Burkhard Kunkel:
555:Petzsch-Martiny:
434:at Arkona in 1169
302:, later known as
105:dedicated to the
79:
78:
71:
767:
717:
716:
714:
713:
712:
707:
703:
700:
699:
698:
695:
664:
657:
651:
647:
641:
636:Šubert, Fr. Ad.
634:
628:
620:
614:
607:
577:Volume VII, 1935
291:lake (Croatia),
273:jarý/jarký/jarka
261:Saxo Grammaticus
142:Saxo Grammaticus
74:
67:
63:
60:
54:
49:this article by
40:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
775:
774:
770:
769:
768:
766:
765:
764:
720:
719:
710:
708:
704:
701:
696:
693:
691:
689:
688:
673:
668:
667:
658:
654:
648:
644:
635:
631:
621:
617:
608:
604:
599:
552:
531:
424:
385:
225:mare Adriaticum
150:
130:Slavic burgwall
75:
64:
58:
55:
45:Please help to
44:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
773:
763:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
686:
685:
680:
672:
671:External links
669:
666:
665:
652:
642:
629:
615:
609:Busch/Ramlow,
601:
600:
598:
595:
594:
593:
578:
567:
560:
551:
548:
530:
527:
519:Svantevitstein
492:Henry the Lion
423:
420:
384:
381:
149:
146:
77:
76:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
772:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
727:
725:
718:
715:
697:13°26′12.97″E
694:54°40′35.76″N
684:
681:
678:
675:
674:
662:
656:
646:
639:
633:
627:Struck, 1745.
626:
619:
612:
606:
602:
591:
587:
583:
579:
576:
572:
568:
566:Berlin 1926th
565:
561:
558:
554:
553:
547:
545:
539:
535:
526:
524:
520:
516:
515:Priesterstein
512:
508:
504:
500:
495:
493:
489:
485:
480:
478:
474:
470:
465:
460:
458:
454:
449:
440:
433:
428:
419:
417:
413:
408:
407:
403:
398:
389:
380:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
244:
240:
235:
231:
230:moře Jaderské
227:
226:
221:
217:
212:
210:
205:
203:
202:Jaromars Burg
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
145:
143:
138:
133:
131:
127:
126:cliffed coast
123:
119:
115:
111:
108:
104:
100:
97:site for the
96:
92:
83:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
687:
660:
655:
645:
637:
632:
625:beschrieben.
623:
618:
610:
605:
589:
585:
581:
574:
570:
563:
556:
540:
536:
532:
518:
514:
511:Altenkirchen
507:Christianity
496:
481:
461:
445:
409:
405:
394:
378:
373:
369:
361:
353:
349:
347:
338:
334:
330:
328:
323:
320:Jaromarsburg
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
269:*jarъ, *jȃrъ
268:
264:
256:
252:
248:
237:
233:
229:
223:
219:
215:
213:
208:
206:
201:
197:
182:Jaromarsburg
181:
154:Jaromarsburg
153:
152:The name of
151:
134:
91:Jaromarsburg
90:
88:
65:
56:
37:
709: /
544:burnt layer
374:holy, clean
316:(fiery) red
194:cape Arcona
122:Cape Arkona
51:introducing
724:Categories
597:References
550:Literature
473:Waldemar I
372:, meaning
300:Jarkuszewo
283:(Serbia),
172:, because
170:Valdemar I
137:cliff tops
116:island of
114:Baltic Sea
34:references
745:Putgarten
569:Petzsch:
469:Norwegian
432:Svantevit
416:Putgarten
383:Structure
343:Svantovít
304:Arkuszewo
285:Jarkovice
158:Jaromar I
110:Svantovit
101:tribe of
488:Charenza
402:Svetovid
397:ramparts
339:Jarý koń
190:Jomsburg
186:burgwall
166:Tetislav
59:May 2018
499:bishops
484:Tetzlav
477:Absalon
422:History
358:Holmrug
335:Jarkuon
253:Jarkuon
178:Denmark
47:improve
523:Wittow
457:oracle
453:Rethra
370:arkina
366:Gothic
352:(from
350:Hargan
331:Jarkon
312:Jarkun
281:Jarkos
265:Jarkun
257:Jarkůn
249:Jarkun
243:Wittow
239:Rujana
209:Arkona
198:Arkona
99:Slavic
93:was a
36:, but
368:word
362:Arkun
354:harga
324:*jarъ
296:Jarka
289:Jarun
162:Rügen
118:Rügen
584:In:
573:In:
503:Lund
448:Rani
414:and
412:Vitt
234:-ona
200:and
148:Name
103:Rani
95:cult
89:The
588:(=
501:of
333:or
277:red
255:or
176:by
120:at
107:god
726::
251:,
241:,
228:=
132:.
220:A
216:A
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
