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262:"Living cliffs" are those on a coast that is still active, i.e. that is being eroded and is receding. A "dead cliff", by contrast, is only reached by very high marine waves and is therefore subjected to very little change. A clear indication of a lack of activity at a dead cliff is a covering of vegetation that appears on the cliff as wave action against it subsides.
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by constant abrasion action producing an overhang. This overhang grows in size as the cliff is undercut, until it collapses under its own weight. The loose debris that has broken off is gradually carried away from the area in front of the cliff by the action of the sea. As the coastal cliffs
131:, the slope angle of which depends on a variety of factors including the jointing, bedding and hardness of the materials making up the cliff as well as the erosional processes themselves. The slope is constantly being eroded. The waves attacking the cliff-foot form a
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uplift of the coast, these abrasion platforms can be raised to form coastal terraces, from which the amount of uplift can be calculated from their elevation relative to the sea level, taking into account any
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recedes by about 25 centimetres per year, whereas the chalk cliffs of southern
England retreat by just half a centimetre each year. A cliffed coast is made of a loose bedrock material, such as at the
204:. On a cliffed coast made up of material which is only fairly or even hardly resistant to erosion no wave-cut platform but a beach is formed in front of the sea cliff.
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collapse, the shoreline recedes inland. The speed at which this happens depends, in particular, on the strength of the surf, the height of the cliff, the frequency of
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Furthermore, on a rocky cliffed coast wave action is not the only driving force for coastline retreat. General weathering of the bedrock is almost equally important.
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In coastal areas in which the land surface dips at a relatively steep angle below the water table, the continuous action of marine waves on the coastline, known as
421:
Mitchell, N. (2003) Susceptibility of mid-ocean ridge volcanic islands and seamounts to large scale landsliding. Journal of
Geophysical Research, 108, 1-23.
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or abrasion platform is formed in front of the cliff. It represents the foot of the cliff preserved at and below the level of water table. If there is a
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On a rocky cliffed coast made up of material which is relatively resistant to erosion such as sandstone, limestone or granite, a flat rocky
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a few kilometres inland. These show the former coastline from which the sea retreated as the level of water in the North Sea fell.
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164:. There are, however, differences between the former and the latter regarding some peculiarities of the coast line.
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Le Bas, T.P. (2007), "Slope
Failures on the Flanks of Southern Cape Verde Islands", in Lykousis, Vasilios (ed.),
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on the island of Rügen is a good example of a dead cliff. Others may be found in the regions of the present-day
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If waves carve notches at a narrow point on both sides of a promontory on the rocky cliffed coast, a
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388:, Bibliographisches Institut Mannheim/Wien/Zürich, B.I.-Wissenschaftsverlag, Mannheim, 1968, p. 116
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369:(1979). Sobre la Evolución Geomorfológica del gran acantilado costero del Norte Grande de Chile.
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is left behind on the wave-cut platform. The best-known example in
Germany is the
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375:(in Spanish). Universidad Católica de Chile, Instituto de Geografía, 6, 7-22.
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Submarine mass movements and their consequences: 3rd international symposium
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may be formed. When the arch collapses as the coastline recedes further a
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Well-known coasts with living cliffs in
Germany are the Red Cliff (
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that may or may not be precipitous. It contrasts with a
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Collapse and retreat of a cliff edge captured on video
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Abrasion cliff in
Jinshitan Coastal National Geopark,
357:, de Gruyter, 4th ed., Berlin 1979, pp. 532-537
301:
Steep sea cliffs can also be caused by catastrophic
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Einführung in die
Geologie, Band I, Exogene Dynamik
46:where the action of marine waves has formed steep
179:, thus at present the cliffs does not follow any
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19:"Sea cliff" redirects here. For other uses, see
171:the modern cliffs originated from a process of
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223:, while, in England, a prominent example are
238:Ocean waves crashing against sea cliffs at
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127:, may create a steep declivity known as a
16:Coast where waves have formed steep cliffs
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167:In the case of the large and widespread
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115:. Wave-like texture was produced by
66:Crags on the southwestern coast of
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1158:Integrated coastal zone management
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353:Herbert Louis and Klaus Fischer:
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333:. London: Penguin, 1984, p. 97.
331:Dictionary of Physical Geography
169:coastal cliffs of Atacama Desert
30:Section through a cliffed coast
1256:Region of freshwater influence
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391:
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1:
1315:Coastal and oceanic landforms
1018:Large-scale coastal behaviour
850:Beaches in estuaries and bays
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277:or the chalk cliffs on the
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202:eustatic sea level changes
81:with houses and apartments
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355:Allgemeine Geomorphologie
21:Seacliff (disambiguation)
963:Coastal biogeomorphology
156:on the German island of
140:and the hardness of the
384:Hans Georg Wunderlich:
860:Coastal morphodynamics
329:Whittow, John (1984).
258:Living and dead cliffs
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52:flat or alluvial coast
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1251:Physical oceanography
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1080:Submergent coastline
1033:Marine transgression
988:Discordant coastline
973:Concordant coastline
1184:Coastal engineering
187:Rocky cliffed coast
77:A cliffed coast in
1153:Coastal management
993:Emergent coastline
664:Intertidal wetland
567:Continental margin
311:Cape Verde Islands
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1115:Wave-cut platform
1028:Marine regression
572:Continental shelf
562:Coastal waterfall
471:Coastal geography
409:978-1-4020-6511-8
303:debris avalanches
273:on the island of
193:wave-cut platform
109:Liaoning Province
38:, also called an
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1038:Raised shoreline
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998:Feeder bluff
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870:Raised beach
865:Pocket beach
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764:Tidal island
754:Strand plain
699:Natural arch
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402:, Springer,
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372:Norte Grande
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209:natural arch
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144:. Thus, the
138:storm surges
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1261:River plume
1075:Steep coast
1048:Rocky shore
1043:Rip current
923:River delta
895:Wash margin
890:Storm beach
880:Shell beach
845:Beach wrack
840:Beach ridge
830:Beach cusps
779:Tied island
769:Tidal marsh
492:Archipelago
367:Paskoff, R.
283:Königsstuhl
240:Cape Pillar
177:fault scarp
146:Mecklenburg
1294:Categories
1189:Grain size
1163:Submersion
1140:Management
1125:Wind fetch
1085:Surf break
1003:Flat coast
933:regressive
719:Salt marsh
577:Coral reef
317:References
287:Wadden Sea
267:Rote Kliff
221:Heligoland
217:Lange Anna
162:Heligoland
1310:Hydrology
1148:Accretion
1130:Wind wave
1090:Surf zone
945:Processes
918:Mouth bar
875:Recession
855:Beachrock
774:Tide pool
704:Peninsula
592:cliff-top
479:Landforms
291:North Sea
248:Australia
154:Red Cliff
148:coast in
58:Formation
1279:Category
1105:Undertow
1058:Sea foam
1053:Sea cave
953:Blowhole
795:Windwatt
654:Headland
502:Avulsion
309:and the
244:Tasmania
197:tectonic
125:abrasion
68:Portugal
1305:Erosion
1229:shingle
1209:granule
1194:boulder
1172:Related
1068:peresyp
978:Current
913:Debouch
822:Beaches
789:Waituna
784:Tombolo
694:Mudflat
689:Machair
679:Isthmus
599:Estuary
542:Channel
279:Jasmund
150:Germany
142:bedrock
1300:Cliffs
1219:pebble
1214:gravel
1204:cobble
749:Strait
729:Skerry
684:Lagoon
669:Island
624:Fundus
527:Bodden
406:
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271:Kampen
229:Dorset
105:Dalian
79:Sydney
48:cliffs
1100:Swash
1063:Shoal
744:Stack
734:Sound
724:Shoal
674:Islet
659:Inlet
649:Hapua
614:Fjord
609:Fjard
604:Firth
552:Coast
547:Cliff
522:Bight
497:Atoll
269:) in
213:stack
175:of a
129:cliff
113:China
94:Malta
44:coast
1234:silt
1224:sand
1199:clay
928:mega
739:Spit
709:Reef
639:Gulf
587:Dune
582:Cove
537:Cape
507:Ayre
404:ISBN
335:ISBN
275:Sylt
158:Sylt
714:Ria
644:Gut
634:Geo
629:Gat
517:Bay
246:in
227:in
219:on
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