1981:, "the Japanese made extensive use of state power for their own economic development and then used the same state power to pry open and transform Korea in a relatively short period of time". Japan was "decisive in altering both the nature of the Korean state and the relationship of this state to various social classes." How the Japanese centralized bureaucratic style of government was transferred to Korea; how they developed Korean human capital by a considerable expansion of education; how the Japanese invested heavily in infrastructure. Kohli's conclusion is that "the highly cohesive and disciplining state that the Japanese helped to construct in colonial Korea turned out to be an efficacious economic actor. The state utilized its bureaucratic capacities to undertake numerous economic tasks: collecting more taxes, building infrastructure, and undertaking production directly. More important, this highly purposive state made increasing production one of its priorities and incorporated property-owning classes into production-oriented alliances". This sprawling bureaucratic state continued post-
2226:
this century, be a hundred million people to provide for. It is this prospect that is leading
Japanese statesmen to make such frantic efforts to secure opportunity for colonization. Being practically shut off from going to other foreign countries, and Formosa being already largely occupied, Japan would naturally look to Korea and Manchuria; but of these places, Korea would afford only partial relief, both because of its limited area and of its present population. The northern region of Manchuria, however, is still almost as much in a state of nature as were the prairies of the Mississippi valley when the Indians roamed freely over them.
196:
59:
374:
1947:
1904:
5574:
1995:. Examining Korea's policies and achievements in the 1960s and 1970s, Kohli states that during this period the country was firmly heading towards "cohesive-capitalist development, mainly by re-creating an efficacious but brutal state that intervened extensively in the economy". South Korean economic development was not market-driven—rather the "state intervened heavily to promote exports, using both market and non-market tools to achieve its goals".
534:
5563:
1066:
modeled after the Five Year Plan in the Soviet Union but subsequently private capital was used in a very strongly state-directed economy. There was progress in the area's social systems and many
Manchurian cities were modernized. Manchukuo issued banknotes and postal stamps, and several independent banks were founded. The
2566:
The success of the
Japanese had other consequences for Britain's—and others'—former colonies. Lacking sufficient numbers of skilled personnel to administer their newly conquered lands, they sometimes either set up puppet governments or entrusted relatively high administrative responsibilities to the
2225:
In all the ameliorating conditions every one must rejoice; but when these are coupled with the old-time lack of self-control leading to universal early marriages, a problem is rolling up before which
Japanese statesmen are appalled. At the present rate of increase, there will, before the middle of
1065:
experienced rapid economic growth. Manchukuo's industrial system became one of the most advanced, making it one of the industrial powerhouses in the region. Manchukuo's steel production exceeded Japan's in the late 1930s. The
Japanese Army initially sponsored a policy of forced industrialization
1111:. The Army of Manchukuo was defeated and the Emperor was captured by Soviet forces. Most of the 1.5 million Japanese who had been left in Manchukuo at the end of World War II were sent back to their homeland in 1946–1948 by U.S. Navy ships in the operation now known as the
130:
184:
181:
179:
135:
121:
102:
172:
1049:
was specially built for the emperor. He was, however, nothing more than a figurehead and real authority rested in the hands of the
Japanese military officials. The Manchu ministers all served as front-men for their Japanese vice-ministers, who made all decisions.
177:
145:
165:
155:
131:
170:
166:
158:
101:
169:
2740:
Pastreich, Emanuel (2003). "Sovereignty, Wealth, Culture, and
Technology: Mainland China and Taiwan Grapple with the Parameters of "Nation State" in the 21st Century". Program in Arms Control, Disarmament, and International Security, University of Illinois at
496:. The total amount of land under Japanese sovereignty reached 8,510,000 km (3,300,000 sq mi) in 1942. By 1943, it accounted for more than 20% of the world's population at the time with 463 million people in its occupied regions and territories.
182:
180:
168:
160:
157:
154:
151:
127:
108:
103:
162:
141:
115:
104:
167:
148:
147:
143:
136:
132:
125:
122:
113:
106:
176:
173:
164:
140:
139:
134:
124:
118:
116:
114:
112:
110:
109:
100:
178:
163:
161:
159:
153:
152:
144:
133:
129:
126:
107:
183:
174:
171:
156:
150:
149:
128:
123:
120:
119:
117:
111:
105:
138:
175:
146:
142:
137:
626:
Since Taiwan was Japan's first overseas colony, the central and colonial governments turned their efforts into making the island a "model colony". These resulted in the modernization of the island's economy, infrastructure, industry, public works, and
185:
572:
At the start of the twentieth century the rate of population increase in Japan was seen as a potential problem for the
Japanese government, and colonial expansion into Korea and Manchuria was seen as a possible solution.
912:
The main significance of the South Seas
Mandate to Japan was its strategic location, which dominated the sea lanes across the Pacific Ocean and provided convenient provisioning locations for ships. During the 1930s, the
2805:
Wurm, Stephen A.; Mühlhäusler, Peter; Tryon, Darrell T., ed. (1996). Atlas of
Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas. Trends in Linguistics. Documentation. Volume 13. Walter de
921:" with a critical role to play in the defense of the Japanese home islands against potential invasion by the United States. The islands became important staging grounds for Japanese air and naval offensives during the
99:
1033:, a staged event engineered by Japanese military personnel from the Kwantung Army as a pretext for invasion. The region was subsequently separated from Chinese control and the Japanese-aligned puppet state of
1934:
A shortage of Japanese administrators led to the establishment of colonial puppet states and the promotion of indigenous elites in the territories which came under Japanese control in the 1940s.
97:
564:. But this effort was less an initial step toward colonial expansion than it was a reassertion of national authority over territories traditionally within the Japanese cultural sphere.
1714:
Disclaimer: Not all areas were considered part of the Empire of Japan, but within its sphere of influence, included separately for demographic purposes. Sources: POPULSTAT Asia Oceania
5653:
2730:
Paichadze, Svetlana; Seaton, Philip A. (2015). Voices from the Shifting Russo-Japanese Border: Karafuto / Sakhalin. Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia. Routledge.
780:
in 1868, Japanese settlers were sent to southern Sakhalin to exploit its resources. Japan ceded southern Sakhalin to Russia in 1875 in exchange for the Kuril Islands under the
98:
5648:
477:
the following year; thereafter, Japan adopted a policy of founding and supporting puppet states in conquered regions. These conquered territories became the basis for the
5663:
1722:
1989:. Japan's early colonial industrialisation of Korea also made it easier to rebuild after the Korean War, because there was no need to begin industrialisation
1070:
was bought from the Soviet Union in 1935. Traditional lands were taken and redistributed to Japanese farmers with local farmers relocated and forced into
5658:
2004:
933:, making the United States responsible for administration of the islands under the terms of a United Nations trusteeship agreement which established the
5270:
1255:, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Shandong, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, plus parts of : Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Guizhou, Inner Mongolia
243:
220:
3195:
1077:
During this period Manchukuo was used as a base from which to invade China. In the summer of 1939, a border dispute between Manchukuo and the
2809:
Yamamuro, Shin·ichi (2006). Manchuria under Japanese domination. Translated by Fogel, Joshua A. Philadelphia, Pa.: University of Pennsylvania
930:
2240:"Sovereignty, Wealth, Culture, and Technology: Mainland China and Taiwan Grapple with the Parameters of "Nation-State" in the 21st Century"
2021:
1456:
971:
forced Japan to quickly relinquish the territory, which allowed Russia to lease it from China in 1898. In 1905, Russia was defeated in the
5140:
4611:
2099:
2782:
Plowright, John (2007). The causes, course and outcomes of World War Two. Histories and Controversies. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
1977:
According to Atul Kohli, the David K.E. Bruce Professor of International Affairs and Professor of Politics and International Affairs at
917:
began construction of airfields, fortifications, ports, and other military projects on the South Seas Mandate islands, viewing them as "
1046:
526:
The territorial expansion of the Japanese colonial empire was marked by aggression towards other nations, with the Japanese committing
2662:
Duus, Peter (1995). The Abacus and the Sword: The Japanese Penetration of Korea, 1895–1910. Berkeley: University of California Press
5683:
1108:
503:
in 1945, colonial control from Tokyo over the far-flung territories ended. The extent of Japanese governance was restricted to the
438:
1022:
period in China. He initially had Japanese backing, but the Kwantung Army found him too independent; he was assassinated in 1928.
750:
was renamed Chōsen and remained a part of the Japanese Empire for 35 years; from August 22, 1910, until August 15, 1945, upon the
5673:
4338:
2427:
The Cambridge History of Japan: The twentieth century, p. 294, Peter Duus, John Whitney Hall, Cambridge University Press: 1989
1435:
934:
478:
378:
5678:
4913:
4427:
4148:
3530:
2800:
2787:
2735:
2725:
2689:
2670:
2657:
2553:
2491:
2468:
2448:
2432:
2397:
2370:
2343:
2297:
2093:
1801:
1410:
4787:
2151:
5668:
5024:
2652:
Duus, Peter; Hall, John Whitney (1989). The Cambridge History of Japan: The twentieth century, Cambridge University Press.
925:
but were lost to American military action between 1943 and 1945. The League of Nations mandate was formally revoked by the
651:
17:
4054:
799:
Japanese and Korean migrants to the colony developed the fishing, forestry and mining industries. Taking advantage of the
5083:
5638:
5407:
5031:
4200:
3200:
1399:
March 27, 1942 – September 6, 1945 (Malaya), March 29, 1942 – September 9, 1945 (Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan, North Borneo)
1112:
906:
5613:
5598:
5046:
4810:
2844:
2773:
2754:
2711:
2180:
2047:
820:
810:; afterwards Japan retained favorable coal and oil concessions therein until 1944. In 1943, Karafuto was elevated to
781:
680:
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, various Western countries competed for influence, trade, and territory in
555:
512:
2646:" Fallacies in the Allied Nations' Historical Perception as Observed by a British Journalist " by Henry Scott Stokes
5608:
5103:
5014:
2720:
Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko (1981). Illness and Healing Among the Sakhalin Ainu: A Symbolic Interpretation. CUP Archive.
1477:
1361:
1337:
1317:
1272:
1007:
807:
647:
2129:
5633:
5618:
5165:
5041:
4873:
4362:
4351:
3826:
2795:
Spiller, Roger J. (2007) An instinct for war: scenes from the battlefields of history, Harvard University Press.
2032:
1341:
643:
2988:
1041:, was installed as head of state in 1932, and two years later he was declared Emperor of Manchukuo. The city of
5628:
5110:
1958:
1915:
1078:
1051:
1026:
743:
739:
716:
466:
4728:
546:
The first overseas territories that Japan acquired were the islands of its surrounding seas. During the early
4868:
4422:
4264:
1406:
758:. The 1905 and 1910 treaties were officially declared "null and void" by both Japan and South Korea in 1965.
723:
to Japanese citizens and opened three Korean ports to Japanese trade. The rights granted to Japan under this
58:
2698:
Maiolo, Joseph (2010). Cry Havoc How the Arms Race Drove the World to War, 1931–1941, New York: Basic Books.
1061:
During the 1930s the Japanese colonized Manchukuo. With Japanese investment and rich natural resources, the
5051:
4863:
4410:
4259:
4143:
2665:
Hunter, Janet (1984). Concise dictionary of modern Japanese history, University of California Press: 1984,
1498:
663:
4674:
4269:
3306:
1582:
1365:
918:
2486:. Translated by Fogel, Joshua A. Philadelphia, Pa.: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 116–117.
5300:
4970:
4843:
4815:
4599:
4331:
2681:
582:
442:
394:
5643:
5480:
5194:
5076:
5036:
4958:
4908:
4770:
4740:
4659:
4557:
4432:
4417:
4227:
3375:
2939:
2509:"The New Imperialism and the Post-Colonial Developmental State: Manchukuo in comparative perspective"
1850:
1734:
1252:
1055:
980:
886:
675:
446:
390:
5603:
5295:
5206:
5004:
4987:
4893:
4878:
4782:
4750:
4723:
4160:
4010:
3669:
3664:
2037:
1879:
1868:
1844:
382:
239:
5623:
5170:
5098:
5088:
4965:
4898:
4697:
4252:
4133:
3674:
3627:
3570:
3269:
3213:
2961:
2315:
1757:
1563:
1067:
999:
956:
824:
623:
ended organized resistance to Japanese occupation and inaugurated five decades of Japanese rule.
608:
551:
493:
462:
422:
5155:
4992:
4903:
4883:
4604:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4274:
4175:
4170:
3858:
3806:
3726:
3659:
3563:
3548:
3441:
3208:
3162:
3003:
2890:
2042:
1827:
1779:
1082:
984:
914:
854:
804:
620:
500:
2208:
2083:
5523:
5455:
5445:
5347:
5285:
5251:
5221:
5150:
4975:
4943:
4495:
4324:
4205:
4165:
3978:
3853:
2917:
2907:
2866:
2837:
1862:
1856:
1216:
964:
612:
355:
4582:
4093:
1003:
731:. Japanese involvement in Korea increased during the 1890s, a period of political upheaval.
195:
5538:
5280:
5019:
4980:
4888:
4848:
4465:
4298:
4128:
4098:
3973:
3904:
3875:
3794:
3128:
2966:
2956:
1978:
1885:
1180:
1062:
976:
874:
789:
655:
458:
4078:
889:
put them under the Japanese administration known as the Nan'yō Agency or South Seas Agency
792:. Japan established its colonial government in 1907, whereupon South Sakhalin was renamed
235:
8:
5528:
5460:
5450:
5333:
5211:
5093:
5063:
4760:
3990:
3870:
3836:
3738:
3558:
3553:
3365:
3084:
3020:
2895:
2880:
2678:
State-Directed Development: Political Power and Industrialization in the Global Periphery
2015:
1168:
968:
793:
767:
720:
689:
616:
527:
520:
508:
454:
398:
3706:
3696:
2443:
An instinct for war: scenes from the battlefields of history, p. 315, Roger J. Spiller,
2389:
Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas
696:. The Japanese government initially sought to separate Korea from Qing and make Korea a
5470:
5382:
5305:
5258:
5231:
5226:
5175:
4948:
4858:
4831:
4702:
4654:
4632:
4577:
4550:
4103:
4083:
4066:
4017:
3882:
3691:
3642:
3575:
3493:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3380:
3350:
3242:
3140:
3008:
2983:
2173:
Japan's Holocaust: History of Imperial Japan's Mass Murder and Rape During World War II
1789:
1785:
1589:
1559:
1071:
972:
960:
836:
785:
751:
450:
430:
301:
224:
2392:. Trends in Linguistics. Documentation. Vol. 13. Walter de Gruyter. p. 379.
5392:
5290:
5263:
5236:
4927:
4684:
4669:
4567:
4395:
4212:
4108:
4044:
4039:
3968:
3865:
3580:
3508:
3503:
3345:
3274:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3047:
2998:
2796:
2783:
2769:
2750:
2731:
2721:
2707:
2685:
2666:
2653:
2549:
2487:
2464:
2444:
2428:
2393:
2366:
2339:
2293:
2286:
2176:
2089:
1833:
1813:
1442:
800:
777:
704:
588:
373:
297:
2817:
2571:
whom the former colonial powers had hitherto systematically kept in lower grade jobs
2239:
5533:
5372:
5325:
5310:
5246:
5128:
5071:
4953:
4572:
4377:
4367:
4061:
3848:
3843:
3799:
3786:
3716:
3684:
3679:
3543:
3538:
3520:
3481:
3414:
3397:
3338:
3328:
3323:
3264:
3220:
3190:
3150:
3133:
3116:
3079:
2830:
2027:
1807:
1728:
1519:
1104:
870:
866:
728:
685:
659:
4500:
2649:
Chen, C. Peter. "Japan's Surrender". World War II Database. Lava Development, LLC.
2508:
727:, were similar to those granted to western powers in Japan following the visit of
516:
5397:
5367:
5362:
5275:
5241:
5160:
4853:
4745:
4664:
4644:
4545:
4405:
4279:
4247:
4120:
4088:
4071:
4027:
4022:
4000:
3995:
3953:
3946:
3921:
3781:
3776:
3617:
3498:
3392:
3387:
3355:
3180:
3170:
3064:
3057:
3052:
3037:
2993:
2875:
2861:
2543:
2481:
2387:
2360:
2333:
2168:
2155:
2148:
2133:
2009:
1665:
1030:
862:
846:
773:
635:
600:
489:
293:
258:
31:
4470:
3701:
2792:
Ponsonby-Fane, Richard (1962). Sovereign and Subject. Ponsonby Memorial Society.
2258:
979:, Russia returned the Liaodong Peninsula to Japan, whereupon it was renamed the
5577:
5513:
5465:
5422:
5315:
5216:
4594:
4400:
4222:
4217:
4180:
4155:
4138:
4049:
4034:
4005:
3963:
3811:
3771:
3766:
3721:
3647:
3607:
3597:
3587:
3402:
3281:
3175:
3042:
2924:
2745:
Peattie, Mark R. (1988). "Chapter 5 - The Japanese Colonial Empire 1895-1945".
1224:
1147:
926:
724:
712:
485:
426:
684:, and Japan sought to join these modern colonial powers. The newly modernized
5592:
5475:
5387:
5376:
5145:
5009:
4765:
4303:
4190:
3985:
3958:
3931:
3909:
3887:
3654:
3637:
3622:
3466:
3419:
3407:
3333:
3225:
3099:
3094:
3069:
2951:
2548:. Histories and Controversies. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 167.
2215:. Vol. LXXIV. New York: New York Evening Post Company. 1902. p. 187
1604:
1248:
1090:
988:
858:
850:
434:
410:
365:
65:
4718:
4490:
3731:
3711:
5567:
5543:
5486:
5352:
5180:
4999:
4524:
4512:
4507:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4195:
3936:
3926:
3892:
3821:
3816:
3743:
3533:
3515:
3476:
3471:
3451:
3446:
3318:
3311:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3185:
3123:
3104:
3089:
3025:
2126:
1982:
1763:
1229:
1107:
and invaded Manchukuo from Russian Manchuria and Mongolia. This was called
1100:
1015:
1011:
735:
697:
693:
639:
628:
470:
350:
4735:
4562:
2365:. Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia. Routledge. p. 21.
4755:
4519:
3914:
3899:
3748:
3461:
3370:
3360:
3286:
2934:
2929:
1630:
1421:
1086:
922:
877:
formally recognized the Japanese occupation of former German colonies in
842:
755:
619:
resistance movement was quickly suppressed by the Japanese military. The
4589:
1946:
1903:
1095:
5412:
4777:
4679:
4627:
4540:
3941:
3758:
3632:
3592:
3525:
2335:
Illness, and Healing Among the Sakhalin Ainu: A Symbolic Interpretation
1986:
1819:
1505:
952:
878:
604:
418:
360:
268:
2288:
The Abacus and the Sword: The Japanese Penetration of Korea, 1895–1910
5502:
4805:
4649:
4639:
3831:
3602:
3486:
3456:
3237:
3111:
2902:
1991:
1463:
1244:
1042:
1034:
995:
946:
681:
547:
474:
414:
386:
389:
in dark red; occupied territories and client states in lighter red.
3232:
3015:
2973:
2912:
2362:
Voices from the Shifting Russo-Japanese Border: Karafuto / Sakhalin
1795:
1650:
1391:
1372:
533:
86:
5496:
2766:
Nan'Yo: The Rise and Fall of the Japanese in Micronesia, 1885-1945
2568:
1103:
declared war on Japan on 8 August 1945 under the agreement at the
5508:
5435:
5430:
4316:
3145:
3074:
3030:
2885:
1751:
1484:
1019:
1014:
in 1922. Manchuria came under the control of the Chinese warlord
998:, which allowed Japan to take its place. In 1906, Japan laid the
882:
2946:
2814:
Lost Histories: Recovering the Lives of Japan's Colonial Peoples
2386:
Wurm, Stephen A.; Mühlhäusler, Peter; Tryon, Darrell T. (1996).
1770:
523:
were returned to Japan by the US in 1968 and 1972 respectively.
5518:
5440:
5417:
5402:
5357:
4691:
2978:
2853:
1747:
1414:
812:
596:
592:
560:
2463:, p. 120, Janet Hunter, University of California Press: 1984,
772:
During the 19th century, Russia and Japan vied for control of
5492:
5342:
5338:
4347:
3612:
2530:
Cry Havoc How the Arms Race Drove the World to War, 1931-1941
2316:
A reckless adventure in Taiwan amid Meiji Restoration turmoil
1611:
1160:
Present-day Japan, South Sakhalin, Kuril, and Ryukyu Islands
873:) with virtually no resistance. After the end of the war the
747:
708:
273:
209:
1045:
was renamed Xinjing and became the capital of Manchukuo. An
2112:
by 1942, this 'Empire' covered about 3,285,000 square miles
1038:
788:, Japan was ceded southern Sakhalin under the terms of the
2822:
994:
As a result of Russia's defeat, it also lost influence in
488:, colonies, occupied territories, and puppet states, the
2065:
2063:
2016:
Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China
1737:(Alaska, United States) – June 3, 1942 – August 15, 1943
5654:
1945 disestablishments in the Japanese colonial empire
2522:
84:
2189:
2060:
1718:
Other islands occupied by Japan during World War II:
2624:
2385:
969:
Diplomatic pressure from Russia, Germany, and France
5649:
1895 establishments in the Japanese colonial empire
2612:
2600:
2588:
2576:
2005:
List of territories acquired by the Empire of Japan
1741:
1054:were organized by the Chinese in Manchuria and the
987:garrison were established, the latter becoming the
2285:
700:to further their security and national interests.
611:, it ceded Taiwan to Japan under the terms of the
2311:
2309:
5590:
2816:(Harvard University Asia Center, 2019) 406 pp.
2545:The causes, course and outcomes of World War Two
1396:Maraya (マラヤ) or Marē (マレー), Kita Boruneo (北ボルネオ)
808:occupied northern Sakhalin between 1920 and 1925
2359:Paichadze, Svetlana; Seaton, Philip A. (2015).
2358:
1625:from United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand
1099:) supported by limited Manchukuoan forces. The
898:
2702:Myers, Ramon Hawley; Peattie, Mark R. (1984).
2417:. Ponsonby Memorial Society. pp. 346–353.
2331:
2306:
2149:http://www.populstat.info/Oceania/oceania.html
892:
78:
5664:States and territories disestablished in 1945
4332:
2838:
2461:Concise dictionary of modern Japanese history
2412:
2075:
1771:Raided without immediate intent of occupation
4295:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy
2701:
2292:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
2144:
2142:
1725:(India) – March 29, 1942 – September 9, 1945
1008:Japan temporarily occupied Russian Manchuria
550:, Japan established control over the Nanpō,
407:territorial conquests of the Japanese Empire
2506:
2122:
2120:
959:, Japan was ceded the southern part of the
734:Korea was occupied and declared a Japanese
658:of 1947 continues to affect issues such as
5659:States and territories established in 1895
4339:
4325:
2845:
2831:
2175:. Knox Press. pp. 190–191, 276, 312.
1089:and Mongolian force defeated the Japanese
853:and quickly seized the possessions of the
567:
381:at its peak in 1942. Japan and its allies
194:
27:Japanese territorial conquests (1895–1945)
2749:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2706:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
2541:
2139:
1386:Independent state, but allied with Japan
642:, Taiwan placed under the control of the
2479:
2127:http://www.populstat.info/Asia/asia.html
2117:
2085:The Rise and Fall of the Japanese Empire
1109:Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation
1037:was created. The last Emperor of China,
662:, national and ethnic identity, and the
532:
469:, resulting in the establishment of the
372:
4612:Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)
4119:
2763:
2744:
2704:The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895-1945
2195:
2069:
1937:
1731:(Australia) – March 1942 – October 1945
14:
5591:
1552:December 27, 1941 – September 15, 1945
1058:required a war lasting several years.
935:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
688:of Japan turned to Korea, then in the
558:; it also strengthened control of the
479:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
379:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
4320:
2826:
2747:The Cambridge History of Japan Vol. 6
2675:
2630:
2618:
2606:
2594:
2582:
2532:, New York: Basic Books, 2010 page 30
2237:
2081:
1639:December 27, 1941 – September 4, 1945
1513:February 19, 1942 – September 2, 1945
1471:February 15, 1942 – September 9, 1945
830:
742:; it was annexed in 1910 through the
537:Maximum extent of the Japanese Empire
494:one of the largest empires in history
2283:
2167:
1941:
1898:
1619:August 26, 1942 – September 13, 1945
417:began in 1895 with its victory over
2483:Manchuria under Japanese domination
1450:January 18, 1942 – October 21, 1945
1266:December 12, 1941 – August 15, 1945
650:. The experience of Japanese rule,
24:
4788:2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
4346:
1576:January 6, 1942 – October 24, 1945
1380:December 8, 1941 – August 15, 1945
1113:Japanese repatriation from Huludao
1074:units over smaller areas of land.
951:After emerging victorious against
907:Governor of the South Seas Mandate
528:numerous atrocities and war crimes
25:
5695:
4655:Imperial Constitution (1890–1947)
2048:Italian imperialism under fascism
1894:
1085:. During this battle, a combined
1029:took place in 1931 following the
784:. After achieving victory in the
761:
634:In 1945, after the defeat of the
5573:
5572:
5561:
2256:
2102:from the original on 6 July 2019
2022:Japanese occupation of Indonesia
1945:
1902:
1742:Areas attacked but not conquered
1658:December 1941 – January 22, 1944
1426:Firipin (比律賓/フィリピン) or Hitō (比島)
1010:in 1918, but returned it to the
703:In January 1876, Japan employed
648:Japanese Instrument of Surrender
499:After Japan was defeated by the
425:. Subsequent victories over the
95:
57:
5684:1945 disestablishments in Japan
2640:
2535:
2500:
2473:
2454:
2437:
2421:
2413:Ponsonby-Fane, Richard (1962).
2406:
2379:
2352:
2325:
2277:
2033:Japanese occupation of Cambodia
1841:Naval bombardment by submarine
1816:(Northern Territory, Australia)
1354:July 15, 1940 – August 29, 1945
1342:Japanese occupation of Cambodia
1330:July 15, 1940 – August 29, 1945
1310:July 15, 1940 – August 29, 1945
1118:
929:on July 18, 1947, according to
5674:1945 disestablishments in Asia
5141:Agriculture, forestry, fishing
2768:. University of Hawaii Press.
2332:Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko (1981).
2250:
2231:
2201:
2161:
2082:James, David H. (2010-11-01).
1871:(Western Australia, Australia)
1810:(Western Australia, Australia)
1402:4,938,000 plus 39,000 (Brunei)
1052:Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies
1027:Japanese invasion of Manchuria
931:Security Council Resolution 21
93:"His Imperial Majesty's Reign"
13:
1:
2322:, Retrieved on July 22, 2007.
401:were integral parts of Japan.
5679:1895 establishments in Japan
2480:Yamamuro, Shin·ichi (2006).
2338:. CUP Archive. p. 214.
2053:
1882:(New South Wales, Australia)
1865:(New South Wales, Australia)
940:
919:unsinkable aircraft carriers
821:invaded and annexed Karafuto
664:Taiwan independence movement
441:) expanded Japanese rule to
200:The Japanese Empire in 1942
7:
5669:1895 establishments in Asia
4729:1923 Great Kantō earthquake
4675:Abolition of the han system
2852:
1998:
1853:(California, United States)
1366:Japanese occupation of Laos
1181:Ceded by the Russian Empire
1079:Mongolian People's Republic
899:
541:
513:annexed by the Soviet Union
85:
10:
5700:
2682:Cambridge University Press
2451:; Harvard University Press
1673:Pacific Islands (subtotal)
1429:May 8, 1942 – July 5, 1945
944:
841:Following the outbreak of
834:
782:Treaty of Saint Petersburg
765:
740:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905
717:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876
673:
603:; following the defeat of
583:Taiwan under Japanese rule
580:
29:
5639:Military history of Japan
5556:
5324:
5202:
5193:
5136:
5127:
5062:
4939:
4935:
4926:
4839:
4830:
4798:
4741:Japan during World War II
4711:
4620:
4558:Mongol invasions of Japan
4533:
4458:
4385:
4376:
4358:
4288:
4240:
3757:
3161:
2860:
1527:Southeast Asia (subtotal)
1253:Kwantung Leased Territory
1056:pacification of Manchukuo
981:Kwantung Leased Territory
975:; under the terms of the
893:
887:League of Nations mandate
676:Korea under Japanese rule
576:
399:Karafuto (South Sakhalin)
346:
342:
332:
322:
318:
310:
280:
264:
254:
193:
79:
72:
54:
49:
39:
5614:Former Japanese colonies
5599:Japanese colonial empire
5015:House of Representatives
4811:2019 imperial transition
4783:Great Hanshin earthquake
4751:Second Sino-Japanese War
4724:Japan during World War I
2542:Plowright, John (2007).
2038:Thailand in World War II
1782:(Hawai'i, United States)
1760:(Khalkhin Gol, Mongolia)
669:
646:with the signing of the
41:Japanese Colonial Empire
30:Not to be confused with
5609:Former colonies in Asia
4698:First Sino-Japanese War
2265:. Lava Development, LLC
2209:"The Nation, Volume 74"
1859:(Oregon, United States)
1836:(Oregon, United States)
1830:(Alaska, United States)
1822:(Queensland, Australia)
1510:Higashi chimōru (東チモール)
1165:Karafuto/South Sakhalin
1068:Chinese Eastern Railway
1000:South Manchuria Railway
963:under the terms of the
957:First Sino-Japanese War
721:extraterritorial rights
609:First Sino-Japanese War
587:Between 1895 and 1945,
568:Acquisition of colonies
467:Japan invaded Manchuria
463:South Manchuria Railway
423:First Sino-Japanese War
5634:Former empires in Asia
5619:History of colonialism
5166:Science and technology
4605:Council of Five Elders
4600:Azuchi–Momoyama period
2764:Peattie, Mark (1992).
2043:Greater Germanic Reich
1802:Air raids on Australia
1135:Population est.(1943)
1083:Battle of Khalkhin Gol
985:Imperial Japanese Army
915:Imperial Japanese Navy
855:German colonial empire
805:Imperial Japanese Army
538:
402:
334:• Disestablished
5629:20th century in Japan
5111:Deputy Prime Minister
4496:Asuka Kiyomihara Code
4265:Medieval great powers
2415:Sovereign and Subject
2263:World War II Database
965:Treaty of Shimonoseki
613:Treaty of Shimonoseki
536:
376:
356:Japanese military yen
281:Common languages
5020:House of Councillors
4914:World Heritage Sites
4275:European colonialism
4260:Ancient great powers
2676:Kohli, Atul (2004).
2284:Duus, Peter (1995).
2238:Pastreich, Emanuel.
1938:Economic development
1280:East Asia (subtotal)
1063:economy of Manchukuo
983:. A governor and an
977:Treaty of Portsmouth
875:Treaty of Versailles
849:declared war on the
790:Treaty of Portsmouth
656:February 28 Incident
530:, killing millions.
459:concessions in China
244:Occupied territories
18:Japanese imperialism
5037:Self-Defense Forces
4270:Modern great powers
2812:Ziomek, Kirsten L.
2259:"Japan's Surrender"
1594:Nan'yō guntō (南洋群島)
1531:Tō-nan ajia (東南亞細亞)
1247:50 million (1940),
1217:Ceded by Qing China
794:Karafuto Prefecture
768:Karafuto Prefecture
690:sphere of influence
629:forced assimilation
617:Republic of Formosa
509:Karafuto Prefecture
324:• Established
5171:Telecommunications
4703:Russo-Japanese War
4633:Tokugawa shogunate
4583:Nanboku-chō period
4578:Ashikaga shogunate
4551:Kamakura shogunate
2154:2020-02-25 at the
2132:2020-02-23 at the
1957:. You can help by
1914:. You can help by
1876:Midget sub attack
1636:Ōtori Island (大鳥島)
1590:South Seas Mandate
1573:Ōmiya Island (大宮島)
1447:Higashi indo (東印度)
1072:collective farming
973:Russo-Japanese War
961:Liaodong Peninsula
837:South Seas Mandate
831:South Seas Mandate
786:Russo-Japanese War
752:surrender of Japan
698:Japanese satellite
615:. The short-lived
539:
431:Russo-Japanese War
403:
302:Formosan languages
5586:
5585:
5552:
5551:
5301:Sexual minorities
5189:
5188:
5123:
5122:
5119:
5118:
5032:Political parties
4971:Foreign relations
4922:
4921:
4826:
4825:
4816:COVID-19 pandemic
4685:Satsuma Rebellion
4670:Meiji Restoration
4568:Kenmu Restoration
4428:Foreign relations
4314:
4313:
4236:
4235:
4201:Polish–Lithuanian
3376:Gurjara-Pratihara
2801:978-0-674-01941-6
2788:978-0-333-79345-9
2741:Urbana-Champaign.
2736:978-1-317-61889-8
2726:978-0-521-23636-2
2691:978-0-521-54525-9
2671:978-0-520-04557-6
2658:978-0-521-22357-7
2555:978-0-333-79345-9
2507:Prasenjit Duara.
2493:978-0-8122-3912-6
2469:978-0-520-04557-6
2449:978-0-674-01941-6
2433:978-0-521-22357-7
2399:978-3-11-081972-4
2372:978-1-317-61889-8
2345:978-0-521-23636-2
2320:THE ASAHI SHIMBUN
2299:978-0-520-21361-6
2158:Populstat OCEANIA
2095:978-1-136-92546-7
1975:
1974:
1932:
1931:
1834:Lookout Air Raids
1715:
1711:
1710:
1549:Nyūginea (ニューギニア)
1457:Dutch East Indies
1443:Dutch East Indies
819:The Soviet Union
801:Russian Civil War
778:Meiji Restoration
744:annexation treaty
705:gunboat diplomacy
644:Republic of China
455:southern Sakhalin
371:
370:
298:Taiwanese Hokkien
186:
16:(Redirected from
5691:
5644:Overseas empires
5576:
5575:
5568:Japan portal
5566:
5565:
5564:
5481:National symbols
5200:
5199:
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4771:Economic miracle
4573:Muromachi period
4383:
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4327:
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3782:Austro-Hungarian
3482:Chagatai Khanate
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2028:Caroline Islands
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1845:British Columbia
1729:Christmas Island
1713:
1693:Total Population
1520:Portuguese Timor
1362:French Indochina
1338:French Indochina
1327:Kambojia (カンボジア)
1318:French Indochina
1123:
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1105:Yalta Conference
1081:resulted in the
905:and the post of
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902:
896:
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871:Marshall Islands
867:Caroline Islands
776:. Following the
719:, which granted
686:Meiji government
660:Retrocession Day
591:, including the
492:at its apex was
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5271:Life expectancy
5207:Anti-monarchism
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5025:List of members
5005:Law enforcement
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4746:Mukden Incident
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4665:Meiji oligarchy
4645:Empire of Japan
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1955:needs expansion
1940:
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1912:needs expansion
1897:
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1766:(United States)
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1723:Andaman Islands
1666:Gilbert Islands
1655:Kiribasu (キリバス)
1468:Shōnan-tō (昭南島)
1121:
1047:imperial palace
1031:Mukden Incident
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863:Mariana Islands
847:Japanese Empire
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729:Commodore Perry
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4478:
4473:
4468:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4414:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4389:
4387:
4380:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4365:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4344:
4343:
4336:
4329:
4321:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4301:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4256:
4255:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4136:
4131:
4125:
4123:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4081:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4064:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4037:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3902:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3890:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3846:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3809:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3763:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3694:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3321:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3235:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3167:
3165:
3163:Post-classical
3159:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3143:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3018:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2962:Middle Kingdom
2959:
2949:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2918:Neo-Babylonian
2915:
2910:
2908:Old Babylonian
2900:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2883:
2878:
2872:
2870:
2858:
2857:
2850:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2793:
2790:
2780:
2774:
2761:
2755:
2742:
2738:
2728:
2718:
2712:
2699:
2696:
2690:
2673:
2663:
2660:
2650:
2647:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2633:, p. 119.
2623:
2611:
2599:
2587:
2575:
2554:
2534:
2521:
2499:
2492:
2472:
2453:
2436:
2420:
2405:
2398:
2378:
2371:
2351:
2344:
2324:
2305:
2298:
2276:
2249:
2230:
2200:
2198:, p. 224.
2188:
2181:
2160:
2138:
2136:Populstat ASIA
2116:
2094:
2074:
2072:, p. 217.
2058:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2000:
1997:
1985:and after the
1973:
1972:
1952:
1950:
1939:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1909:
1907:
1896:
1895:Administration
1893:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1883:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1799:
1793:
1783:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1735:Attu and Kiska
1732:
1726:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1411:British Borneo
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1227:
1225:Mainland China
1221:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1129:Japanese name
1127:
1120:
1117:
945:Main article:
942:
939:
927:United Nations
861:(the Northern
835:Main article:
832:
829:
823:at the end of
766:Main article:
763:
762:South Sakhalin
760:
738:following the
725:unequal treaty
715:, to sign the
713:Joseon dynasty
674:Main article:
671:
668:
621:fall of Tainan
581:Main article:
578:
575:
569:
566:
543:
540:
521:Ryūkyū Islands
486:Mainland Japan
427:Russian Empire
391:Chōsen (Korea)
377:Japan and the
369:
368:
348:
344:
343:
340:
339:
336:
333:
330:
329:
326:
323:
320:
319:
316:
315:
312:
308:
307:
292:
287:
286:
282:
278:
277:
266:
262:
261:
256:
252:
251:
248:
247:
230:
228:
215:
213:
204:
201:
199:
191:
190:
94:
70:
69:
64:
56:
55:
52:
51:
47:
46:
43:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5696:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5579:
5571:
5569:
5559:
5558:
5555:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5504:
5500:
5498:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5488:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5378:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5323:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5260:
5257:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5192:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5156:Manufacturing
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5126:
5112:
5109:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5084:Fiscal policy
5082:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5073:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5065:
5061:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5010:National Diet
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4994:
4993:Supreme Court
4991:
4990:
4989:
4986:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4938:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4925:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4797:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4779:
4776:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4737:
4734:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4710:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4693:
4690:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4613:
4610:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4502:
4501:Hakuhō period
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4457:
4449:
4448:Imperial Navy
4446:
4444:
4443:Imperial Army
4441:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4342:
4337:
4335:
4330:
4328:
4323:
4322:
4319:
4305:
4304:Soviet empire
4302:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4289:Miscellaneous
4287:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4239:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4016:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3920:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3888:German Empire
3886:
3885:
3884:
3881:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3628:Turco-Persian
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3492:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3463:
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2825:
2819:
2818:online review
2815:
2811:
2808:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2775:0-8248-1480-0
2771:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2756:0-521-22352-0
2752:
2748:
2743:
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2733:
2729:
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2723:
2719:
2715:
2713:0-521-22352-0
2709:
2705:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2683:
2680:. Cambridge:
2679:
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2672:
2668:
2664:
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2659:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2632:
2627:
2621:, p. 84.
2620:
2615:
2609:, p. 56.
2608:
2603:
2597:, p. 31.
2596:
2591:
2585:, p. 27.
2584:
2579:
2572:
2570:
2567:local native
2557:
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2197:
2192:
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2182:9781637586884
2178:
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2150:
2145:
2143:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2123:
2121:
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2101:
2097:
2091:
2088:. Routledge.
2087:
2086:
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2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1969:
1960:
1956:
1953:This section
1951:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1935:
1926:
1917:
1913:
1910:This section
1908:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1870:
1867:
1864:
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1852:
1851:Santa Barbara
1849:
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1610:
1609:
1606:
1605:German Empire
1602:
1599:
1596:
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1588:
1587:
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1580:
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1128:
1125:
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1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1091:Kwantung Army
1088:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1044:
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1032:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
990:
989:Kwantung Army
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
948:
938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
910:
909:was created.
908:
901:
888:
884:
881:north of the
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
859:Pacific Ocean
856:
852:
851:German Empire
848:
845:in 1914, the
844:
838:
828:
826:
822:
817:
815:
814:
809:
806:
802:
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
769:
759:
757:
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749:
745:
741:
737:
732:
730:
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722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
701:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
677:
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637:
632:
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624:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
584:
574:
565:
563:
562:
557:
556:Kuril Islands
553:
549:
535:
531:
529:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
497:
495:
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
435:German Empire
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
411:Pacific Ocean
408:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
375:
367:
366:Taiwanese yen
362:
357:
352:
349:
345:
341:
337:
331:
327:
321:
317:
313:
309:
303:
299:
295:
290:
283:
279:
275:
270:
267:
263:
260:
257:
253:
245:
241:
240:Protectorates
237:
236:Puppet states
229:
226:
222:
214:
211:
203:
202:
197:
192:
89:
88:
75:
71:
67:
60:
53:
48:
38:
33:
19:
5524:Tea ceremony
5501:
5495: /
5487:No-pan kissa
5485:
5456:Martial arts
5446:LGBT culture
5348:Architecture
5341: /
5286:Prostitution
5252:Homelessness
5222:Demographics
5146:Central bank
4976:Human rights
4944:Constitution
4799:Contemporary
4621:Early Modern
4525:Heian period
4513:Monmu period
4508:Taika Reform
4486:Asuka period
4481:Kofun period
4476:Yayoi period
4471:Jōmon period
4185:
4055:Contemporary
3905:Indo-Persian
3893:Nazi Germany
3837:Contemporary
3739:Vijayanagara
3638:Great Seljuk
3549:Thessalonica
3477:Golden Horde
3117:Carthaginian
2896:Neo-Assyrian
2881:Neo-Sumerian
2813:
2765:
2746:
2703:
2677:
2641:Bibliography
2626:
2614:
2602:
2590:
2578:
2565:
2559:. Retrieved
2544:
2537:
2529:
2524:
2512:. Retrieved
2502:
2482:
2475:
2460:
2456:
2439:
2423:
2414:
2408:
2388:
2381:
2361:
2354:
2334:
2327:
2319:
2287:
2279:
2267:. Retrieved
2262:
2252:
2244:ResearchGate
2243:
2233:
2224:
2217:. Retrieved
2212:
2203:
2196:Peattie 1988
2191:
2172:
2163:
2111:
2106:11 September
2104:. Retrieved
2084:
2077:
2070:Peattie 1988
1990:
1983:World War II
1976:
1963:
1959:adding to it
1954:
1933:
1920:
1916:adding to it
1911:
1888:(Madagascar)
1886:Diego Suarez
1857:Fort Stevens
1828:Dutch Harbor
1780:Pearl Harbor
1764:Midway Atoll
1717:
1712:
1703:
1692:
1683:
1672:
1537:
1526:
1489:Biruma (ビルマ)
1288:
1285:Higashi ajia
1284:
1279:
1238:
1169:Karafuto-chō
1146:
1119:World War II
1101:Soviet Union
1094:
1076:
1060:
1024:
1016:Zhang Zuolin
1012:Soviet Union
993:
950:
911:
840:
825:World War II
818:
811:
798:
771:
736:protectorate
733:
711:, under the
707:to pressure
702:
694:Qing dynasty
679:
640:World War II
633:
625:
586:
571:
559:
545:
525:
511:, which was
504:
498:
483:
471:puppet state
406:
404:
351:Japanese yen
288:
73:
5539:Video games
5281:Pornography
4889:Prefectures
4869:Environment
4864:Earthquakes
4849:Archipelago
4756:Pacific War
4712:Late Modern
4520:Nara period
4466:Paleolithic
3643:Khwarezmian
3576:Carolingian
3381:Rashtrakuta
3085:Shaishunaga
2984:Hellenistic
2967:New Kingdom
2957:Old Kingdom
2269:22 December
2219:20 December
2024:(1942–1945)
2018:(1940–1945)
2012:(1899–1901)
1966:August 2012
1792:(Sri Lanka)
1790:Trincomalee
1704:463,677,000
1631:Wake Island
1616:Nauru (ナウル)
1538:155,452,000
1436:Philippines
1422:Philippines
1351:Raosu (ラオス)
1307:An'nan (安南)
1297:306,792,000
1263:Honkon (香港)
1239:200,000,000
1207:Taiwan (臺灣)
1191:Chōsen (朝鮮)
1087:Soviet Army
1018:during the
923:Pacific War
843:World War I
756:Pacific War
692:of China's
507:(excepting
465:. In 1931,
439:World War I
271:(1895–1943)
5593:Categories
5529:Television
5451:Literature
5413:Hikikomori
5334:Aesthetics
5212:Censorship
5094:Ministries
5064:Government
4778:Heisei era
4761:Occupation
4719:Taishō era
4680:Boshin War
4660:Government
4628:Edo period
4541:Genpei War
4491:Taihō Code
4213:Portuguese
4094:Revival Le
4084:Vietnamese
3727:Later Tran
3697:Vietnamese
3593:Singhasari
3581:Holy Roman
3205:Bulgarian
3141:Satavahana
3112:Phoenician
3048:Achaemenid
3009:Indo-Greek
2989:Macedonian
2903:Babylonian
2631:Kohli 2004
2619:Kohli 2004
2607:Kohli 2004
2595:Kohli 2004
2583:Kohli 2004
2561:2010-08-29
2213:The Nation
1987:Korean War
1923:March 2010
1820:Townsville
1776:Air raids
1564:New Guinea
1546:New Guinea
1506:East Timor
1495:16,800,000
1453:72,146,000
1432:17,419,000
1383:16,216,000
1377:Tai (泰/タイ)
1313:22,122,000
1287:(東亞細亞) or
1197:25,500,000
1157:72,000,000
1126:Territory
953:Qing China
900:Nan'yō Chō
879:Micronesia
654:, and the
605:Qing China
593:Pescadores
484:Including
461:, and the
457:, several
451:Micronesia
433:) and the
419:Qing China
387:Free India
361:Korean yen
300:(Taiwan),
269:Tokyo City
5503:Otokonoko
5471:Mythology
5383:Festivals
5306:Sexuality
5259:Languages
5232:Etiquette
5227:Education
5176:Transport
4988:Judiciary
4949:Elections
4859:Districts
4844:Addresses
4832:Geography
4806:Reiwa era
4736:Shōwa era
4650:Meiji era
4640:Bakumatsu
4563:Genkō War
4423:Education
4386:Overviews
4206:Couronian
3844:Ethiopian
3832:Manchukuo
3787:Brazilian
3633:Ghaznavid
3603:Srivijaya
3554:Trebizond
3539:Byzantine
3521:North Sea
3516:Norwegian
3504:Almoravid
3487:Ilkhanate
3457:Majapahit
3430:Muromachi
3339:Solomonic
3324:Ethiopian
3238:Caliphate
3171:Aragonese
2999:Ptolemaic
2054:Footnotes
1992:ab initio
1979:Princeton
1863:Newcastle
1684:1,433,000
1597:1919–1945
1555:1,400,000
1492:1942–1945
1478:Singapore
1464:Singapore
1357:1,400,000
1333:3,100,000
1273:Hong Kong
1269:1,400,000
1260:Hong Kong
1245:Manchukuo
1235:1931–1945
1219:to Japan
1213:6,586,000
1210:1895-1945
1194:1910-1945
1183:to Japan
1174:1905-1943
1154:1868-1945
1043:Changchun
1035:Manchukuo
996:Manchuria
991:in 1919.
947:Manchukuo
941:Manchuria
682:East Asia
548:Meiji era
481:in 1940.
475:Manchukuo
415:East Asia
296:(Korea),
50:1895–1945
5578:Category
5393:Folklore
5291:Religion
5264:Japanese
5237:Gambling
5047:Maritime
4928:Politics
4909:Villages
4590:Ōnin War
4433:Military
4418:Economic
4352:articles
4186:Japanese
4149:Scottish
4129:American
4121:Colonial
4050:Imperial
4018:Moroccan
3954:Japanese
3932:Afsharid
3791:Burmese
3777:Austrian
3732:Later Le
3707:Early Le
3692:Venetian
3618:Tiwanaku
3531:Hellenic
3494:Moroccan
3425:Kamakura
3415:Japanese
3398:Saffarid
3351:Georgian
3265:Chalukya
3243:Rashidun
3233:Calakmul
3201:Bruneian
3080:Haryanka
3058:Sasanian
3053:Parthian
3004:Bactrian
2994:Seleucid
2974:Goguryeo
2952:Egyptian
2886:Assyrian
2876:Akkadian
2867:Colonies
2806:Gruyter.
2171:(2024).
2152:Archived
2130:Archived
2100:Archived
1999:See also
1847:(Canada)
1651:Kiribati
1392:Malaysia
1373:Thailand
1324:Cambodia
1096:Kantōgun
869:and the
816:status.
595:, was a
542:Pre-1895
383:Thailand
347:Currency
304:(Taiwan)
284:Japanese
225:Mandates
221:Colonies
87:Kimigayo
5534:Theatre
5509:Origami
5436:Irezumi
5431:Ikebana
5398:Gardens
5373:Cuisine
5326:Culture
5311:Smoking
5247:Housing
5195:Society
5129:Economy
5072:Cabinet
4954:Emperor
4894:Regions
4879:Islands
4766:Postwar
4694:(noble)
4459:Ancient
4406:Shoguns
4378:History
4368:Outline
4253:largest
4248:Empires
4228:Swedish
4223:Spanish
4218:Russian
4181:Italian
4156:Chinese
4144:English
4139:British
4134:Belgian
4109:Vietnam
4099:Tay son
4045:Tsarist
4040:Russian
4035:Ottoman
4001:Dzungar
3996:Khoshut
3969:Mexican
3964:Maratha
3947:Pahlavi
3927:Safavid
3922:Iranian
3849:Haitian
3812:Chinese
3772:Ashanti
3744:Wagadou
3670:Eastern
3665:Western
3648:Timurid
3608:Tibetan
3598:Songhai
3588:Serbian
3509:Almohad
3499:Idrisid
3403:Samanid
3393:Tahirid
3388:Iranian
3366:Kannauj
3346:Genoese
3282:Chinese
3275:Eastern
3270:Western
3258:Fatimid
3253:Abbasid
3248:Umayyad
3221:Burmese
3181:Ayyubid
3176:Angevin
3146:Xianbei
3134:Eastern
3129:Western
3075:Magadha
3038:Iranian
3031:Xiongnu
3016:Hittite
2925:Chinese
2913:Kassite
2862:Ancient
2854:Empires
2514:25 July
1869:Gregory
1798:(India)
1796:Kolkata
1786:Colombo
1754:(India)
1752:Manipur
1600:129,000
1516:450,000
1474:795,000
1304:Vietnam
1177:406,000
1020:warlord
955:in the
883:equator
857:in the
754:in the
607:in the
599:of the
515:); the
421:in the
311:History
276:(1943–)
265:Capital
74:Anthem:
44:日本植民地帝國
5519:Shinto
5441:Kawaii
5418:Hanami
5403:Geisha
5363:Cinema
5358:Bonsai
5276:People
5242:Health
5161:Energy
5042:Ground
4899:Rivers
4854:Cities
4692:Kazoku
4392:Lists
4350:
4191:Mongol
4176:German
4171:French
4161:Danish
4104:Dainam
4079:Tongan
4067:Somali
4062:Sokoto
4028:'Alawi
4006:Kalmyk
3986:Mongol
3979:Second
3959:Korean
3910:Mughal
3900:Indian
3883:German
3876:Second
3866:French
3859:Second
3795:Second
3767:Afghan
3759:Modern
3685:Kyrgyz
3680:Uighur
3675:Second
3655:Turkic
3623:Toltec
3559:Epirus
3544:Nicaea
3467:Mongol
3420:Yamato
3356:Huetar
3214:Second
3151:Rouran
3100:Shunga
3095:Maurya
3070:Kushan
3043:Median
3021:Hunnic
2979:Harsha
2799:
2786:
2772:
2753:
2734:
2724:
2710:
2688:
2669:
2656:
2569:élites
2552:
2490:
2467:
2447:
2431:
2396:
2369:
2342:
2296:
2179:
2092:
1880:Sydney
1814:Darwin
1808:Broome
1758:Dornod
1748:Kohima
1661:28,000
1415:Brunei
1407:Malaya
1241:(est.)
1204:Taiwan
1148:Naichi
1138:Notes
1004:Ryojun
865:, the
813:naichi
803:, the
597:colony
589:Taiwan
577:Taiwan
561:naichi
554:, and
552:Ryukyu
505:naichi
501:Allies
443:Taiwan
397:, and
314:
294:Korean
289:Local:
255:Status
234:
232:
219:
217:
208:
206:
76:
5514:Sport
5497:Sentō
5493:Onsen
5476:Names
5466:Music
5461:Media
5427:Icons
5408:Games
5343:Manga
5339:Anime
5316:Women
5217:Crime
5151:Labor
4904:Towns
4884:Lakes
4438:Naval
4401:Clans
4363:Index
4348:Japan
4241:Lists
4196:Omani
4166:Dutch
4072:Isaaq
4023:Saadi
3991:Oirat
3974:First
3942:Qajar
3871:First
3854:First
3827:China
3800:Third
3660:First
3613:Tikal
3564:Morea
3534:Roman
3452:Latin
3447:Khmer
3442:Kanem
3408:Buyid
3334:Zagwe
3329:Aksum
3319:Chola
3226:First
3209:First
3196:Bornu
3191:Benin
3186:Aztec
3124:Roman
3105:Gupta
3090:Nanda
3026:White
1664:from
1622:3,000
1612:Nauru
1603:from
1581:from
1560:Papua
1499:Burma
1485:Burma
1230:Shina
1188:Korea
1171:(樺太廳)
1143:Japan
1132:Date
748:Korea
709:Korea
670:Korea
517:Nanpō
447:Korea
274:Tokyo
210:Japan
5388:Flag
5377:wine
5104:list
5077:list
4981:LGBT
4959:list
4411:Wars
4396:Eras
4011:Bogd
3937:Zand
3915:Sikh
3822:Qing
3817:Ming
3749:Wari
3717:Tran
3702:Dinh
3472:Yuan
3462:Mali
3371:Pala
3361:Inca
3312:Yuan
3302:Song
3297:Liao
3292:Tang
3065:Kush
2947:Dʿmt
2797:ISBN
2784:ISBN
2770:ISBN
2751:ISBN
2732:ISBN
2722:ISBN
2708:ISBN
2686:ISBN
2667:ISBN
2654:ISBN
2550:ISBN
2516:2010
2488:ISBN
2465:ISBN
2445:ISBN
2429:ISBN
2394:ISBN
2367:ISBN
2340:ISBN
2294:ISBN
2271:2014
2221:2011
2177:ISBN
2108:2018
2090:ISBN
1788:and
1750:and
1645:USA
1633:, US
1583:Guam
1570:Guam
1562:and
1348:Laos
1291:(東亞)
1289:Tō-a
1249:Rehe
1232:(支那)
1151:(內地)
1039:Puyi
1025:The
885:. A
519:and
413:and
405:The
385:and
338:1945
328:1855
5544:Zen
5353:Art
5181:Yen
5052:Air
5000:Law
4089:Mac
3526:Oyo
3435:Edo
3307:Jīn
3287:Sui
2940:Jin
2935:Han
2930:Qin
1961:.
1918:.
1642:nil
1558:As
1405:As
1360:As
1336:As
1316:As
1002:to
894:南洋廳
638:in
473:of
80:君が代
5595::
3722:Ho
3712:Ly
2684:.
2564:.
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2308:^
2261:.
2242:.
2223:.
2211:.
2141:^
2119:^
2110:.
2098:.
2062:^
1413:,
1409:,
1364:,
1340:,
1251:,
1115:.
1006:.
967:.
937:.
897:,
827:.
796:.
746:.
666:.
631:.
453:,
449:,
445:,
393:,
242:/
238:/
223:/
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2759:.
2716:.
2694:.
2518:.
2496:.
2402:.
2375:.
2348:.
2302:.
2273:.
2246:.
2185:.
1968:)
1964:(
1925:)
1921:(
1700:–
1697:–
1680:–
1677:–
1534:–
1294:–
1093:(
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891:(
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358:,
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