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appointing him as his heir. As the latter died only a few weeks after him, the inheritance passed to his only daughter
Franziska Blandina van der Croon (â 1701), who later married Helfried Franz von Kaiserstein and had three daughters with him. The eldest daughter Barbara married Leopold Wilhelm von Waldstein and brought ZahoĆany as a dowry into the marriage, but Leopold Wilhelm soon sold the manor in autumn 1703.
862:
were even transferred to Jan van der Croon. In 1857, for example, the Dutch writer Emile
Seipgens published a story about the shoemaker's servant Jan from Weert, who was once rejected by the beautiful woman Hanna as too poor. Returning to Weert as a general in 1635, Jan meets Hanna again, who recognises him and says to him "Ach, als ik dat had kunnen weten" ("Oh, if I had known"). This plot about
499:. For his achievements in this campaign, he received the next promotion to lieutenant colonel. Throughout 1638, he stood in Mecklenburg against the Swedes who were trapped in Pomerania. At the end of the year, Swedish reinforcements and the disastrous supply situation forced the imperial forces to retreat. During the retreat, Croon and Generalwachtmeister Bruay crushed two Swedish regiments at
858:. Both also share a similar vita with the rise from simple origins to general and elevation to the Bohemian nobility. In Weert, also the legend arose that van der Croon had been viceroy ("onderkoning") of Bohemia, a position that did not exist at all, but to which his actually important post as vice military commander was falsely upgraded.
861:
The reappraisal of the confusion was mainly advanced by the 19th-century author Josef Habets. Nevertheless, some legends continued to persist, such as the alleged title of "onderkoning", which Josef Habets saw as synonymous with the military command in
Bohemia. Existing stories about Johann von Werth
334:
in their property. The exact identity of his parents is not clearly identifiable. The temporary Weert mayor Jacob in de Croon was probably Jan's uncle, but is also classified as his father in some sources. His two brothers Franz (Frans) and Willem also became soldiers, Franz was a captain in imperial
535:
appointed Croon colonel and commander of the previous dragoon regiment D'Espaigne, whose previous holder had died. Croon had thus risen to become one of the few non-noble regiment holders. From then on, he earned money directly from its operations as a war contractor. With the regiment, he took part
836:
With his fortune, Croon funded the construction of the Holy
Trinity Church in ZahoĆany, which was completed in 1657, and the decoration of the Chapel of Mary Magdalene in the cloister of the SvatĂĄ Hora monastery and pilgrimage site. In 1662, he donated the Baroque enclosure of the baptismal font in
644:
from the Swedes. He was then to blockade the
Bohemian border town and fortress of Eger, which had been captured by the Swedes in July, in order to win it back by starvation, but he was not able to completely seal off the town until the onset of winter. Eger was close to falling when the Swedes sent
635:
to know exactly about the
Swedish movements and to inflict losses of over 1,000 men on the Swedes at the nearby village of Triebl on 22 August. In the run-up to the battle, Croon had also had additional powder made for the army in PlzeĆ on Holzappel's instructions. On 25 October 1647, shortly after
886:
His brother's wife, Maria
Blandina, was the daughter of his own second wife Margarethe Blandina and thus became Jan's stepdaughter. After Franz van der Croon's death, Maria Blandina married Hilfgott von Kuefstein, the brother-in-law of Johann von Werth. Werth had married Hilfgott's sister Susanna
668:
against possible
Swedish attacks on order of Emperor Ferdinand III, Königsmarck conquered Falkenau in June 1648 after several days of shelling. However, he found Elbogen too strongly fortified and withdrew from there. On 22 July, Königsmarck surprisingly appeared in front of PlzeĆ with 2,500
882:
Croon was married twice, first to
Margaretha von Birnbach. After her death in 1663 he married Margaretha Blandina, nĂ©e Söldner von Söldenhofen, the widow of his former regiment member Ernst von SchĂŒtzen. Both marriages remained childless, and Croon adopted his younger brother Franz in 1662,
887:
Maria in his third marriage. Susanna Maria later married in her fourth and last marriage Ernst
Gottfried von SchĂŒtz und Leipoldsheim, a son of Margaretha Blandina and thus stepson of Jan van der Croon. Ernst Gottfried also took over Werth's original lordship of
845:
His hometown of Weert still commemorates him and has the "Jan van der Croonstraat" named after him. From the middle of the 18th century onwards, he and his life were often mixed up or confused with Johann von Werth. Werth bears the same first name in Dutch
594:. Shortly afterwards, the Swedes under Torstensson bypassed the imperial army to the south and threatened Saxony as well as Bohemia with an advance along the Elbe. Gallas had to go back with his army through the devastated country and took up camp near
598:
to cover Saxony against the Swedes. However, the army was soon surrounded and starved by the superior Swedish cavalry. Croon was involved in several engagements with the Swedes on the retreat, and was hit in the arm by a musket ball near Bernburg.
610:
As a result of the injury and the unfortunate campaign, from the Bernburg camp, he asked his former commander Piccolomini for another use for himself and his regiment. Piccolomini, by now in Spanish service, recommended him in December to
292:
Croon also became an ennobled landowner and patron to the Catholic church in Bohemia. He was one of the few soldiers of his time to rise to the rank of general despite non-noble descent, a characteristic he shares with cavalry general
725:. In 1653, he became the owner of the former Waldstein Regiment which formed the garrison of Prague. In exchange, he handed over his old dragoon regiment to Peter de Buschiere; it was to continue under changing names until the end of
425:, he fell wounded into enemy captivity, but was able to escape by himself. At the end of July, Regensburg surrendered to the imperial forces, shortly after Aldringen had fallen in skirmishes against a Swedish relief army near
623:
and successfully defended this city against Swedish attack attempts in October. PlzeĆ also withstood the Swedes; Croon remained stationed there for the following years and had the city's neglected defences greatly expanded.
732:
He was extremely active in developing the defences of Eger and Prague, in addition to overseeing the maintenance and development of fortifications throughout Bohemia as vice military commander. For Piccolomini's castle at
346:. His role model was presumably his uncle Giel Jonghen d'Ongarie, who also fought as a soldier in Habsburg service. Jan was usually referred to by his contemporaries in the army by the surname
721:
and its surroundings, and was awarded the title of Hofkriegsrat. The next year, he was appointed commander of Prague and vice military commander of Bohemia, as well as promoted to the rank of
590:
With the main imperial army under Gallas, Croon and his regiment moved as far as Holstein in June 1644 in support of the Danes. In August, he took part in the storming of Swedish-occupied
583:
to Moravia. After the Swedish army left for a surprise attack on Denmark at the end of the year, Croon and his regiment were sent to Silesia to blockade the Swedish-occupied fortress of
701:
Execution Day as an imperial plenipotentiary from 1649 to 1650. To enforce the provisions made for troop withdrawals, he was charged with securing the withdrawal of foreign troops in
705:
and other still Swedish-occupied towns from June to October 1650. In October, he was appointed commander of Eger and finally in November of the same year, he was elevated to the
1456:
673:, where he picked up 600 infantrymen. Croon's garrison was not strong enough to effectively hinder Königsmarck in his actions. The latter moved with his entire troop via
548:, during which Franz Albrecht was captured and mortally wounded. Croon escaped capture and subsequently led several successful attacks on the Swedes who had moved into
1393:
544:
during the summer of 1641. At the end of May 1642, under Franz Albrecht of Saxe-Lauenburg, he participated in the failed relief of the Swedish-besieged fortress of
689:
at the end of October ended the fighting in Bohemia. In the subsequent downsizing of the imperial forces, all dragoon regiments were disbanded except Croon's own.
556:
on 5 July. After the imperial army had pushed the Swedes out of Moravia and Silesia, Croon and his dragoons fought on the right wing of the imperial forces at the
850:) and his surname resembles Croon's birthplace. Contributing to the confusion may have been the fact that both came from closely neighbouring regions, Croon from
1461:
1471:
1374:
1365:
563:
In May 1643, Croon was ordered by the new commander-in-chief Gallas to take up a position with his and Gallas's own dragoon regiment between
386:. Croon attracted the attention of his superiors and was promoted to corporal while his uncle Giel fell near Mantua as a lieutenant colonel.
571:
in northern Bohemia against the invading Swedes to prevent them from crossing the Elbe and advancing towards Prague. The Swedish army under
444:
With Piccolomini's troops, Croon moved to the Southern Netherlands in support of the Spanish. In July 1635, he took part in the successful
818:
231:, 1634; Recapture of Lubin, 1640; Siege of Hirschberg, 1640; Siege of Görlitz, 1641; Battle of Schweidnitz, 1642; Raid on Litovel, 1642;
1451:
1379:
697:
After the end of the Thirty Years' War, Croon remained in imperial service. Together with his patron Piccolomini, he took part in the
1211:
1188:
1238:
1303:
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on the side of Poland against the Swedes in 1657, Croon was responsible for troop recruitment in Bohemia. In the same year,
1352:
Topographie der historischen und Kunst-Denkmale im Königreiche Böhmen von der Urzeit bis zum Anfange des XIX. Jahrhunderts
649:
with a large amount of cavalry to relieve it at the end of March 1648. Königsmarck broke through Croon's blockade between
310:
615:
at the Viennese court for a new function. In January 1645, Croon was back in Bohemia and stationed as city commander in
1284:
754:
632:
286:
777:
532:
359:
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619:. He was thus able to leave active field service. A part of his regiment under Bartolomeo Strassoldo was placed in
394:
631:. His regiment and two Croatian regiments ordered to PlzeĆ made it possible for the imperial forces under General
468:. After Kuefstein's death in early May 1637, Croon became the interim commander of the regiment. From its base at
261:, was a Dutch professional soldier and military commander in Spanish and Imperial service who reached the rank of
830:
430:
228:
612:
531:, and was proposed for promotion by his superior Martin Maximilian von der Goltz. On 28 August 1640, Emperor
472:, it made several raids on the Swedes, some led by Croon himself, capturing 300 horses and several officers.
379:
203:
766:
738:
557:
418:
232:
120:
810:
375:
1466:
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J. Siebmacher's grosses und allgemeines Wappenbuch Vierten Bandes, neunte Abteilung. Der Böhmische Adel
265:. Rising from a common soldier to an important officer, regiment holder, and city commander during the
410:
224:
358:
from August 1624 until the city's surrender in early June 1625. Shortly after, he transferred to the
281:
and vice military commander of Bohemia, strengthening fortifications and recruiting soldiers for the
511:. Here, he remained in action in the following years, defending the region against Swedish attacks.
1256:
Jan Van Weert, en Jan Van Der Croon: eene bijdrage tot de geschiedenis van den dertigjarigen oorlog
762:
753:. However, the Viennese court refused because it considered Croon indispensable in Bohemia. In the
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220:
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In August 1647, Croon and his regiment supported the imperial reconnaissance in the run-up to the
405:
army was defeated and Tilly was mortally wounded. Croon then fought under Wallenstein both at the
1413:
722:
678:
665:
453:
452:. He participated in two operations in the winter to supply the fortress, which was subsequently
433:
in September, where the Swedes were decisively defeated. Then, he was promoted to captain in the
197:
374:
campaign against the Danes. In 1629, Croon moved to northern Italy with the imperial army under
746:
670:
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in Johann Wilhelm von Kuefstein's dragoon regiment. The regiment spent the next year either in
888:
637:
1441:
851:
355:
189:
657:, bringing 300 wagons of provisions and 100 head of cattle to the starving town on 6 April.
1446:
789:) and the surrounding villages of HornĂ and DolnĂ TĂœnec as well as ĆepÄice (today parts of
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343:
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211:
184:
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Jan began his military career in 1624 in the Spanish army fighting the Netherlands in the
8:
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717:. In 1651, he acquired landed property in Bohemia with the village of ZahoĆany near
833:, which was rebuilt by his heirs around 1700 to become today's Palais Kaiserstein.
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351:
294:
1315:
K. u. k. Dragoner-Regiment Johannes Josef FĂŒrst von Liechtenstein Nr.10, 1640-1893
790:
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the Saint Martin church to his hometown. Until today, it bears his coat of arms.
757:
in 1663â1664, he was responsible for the passage of German auxiliary troops into
726:
718:
476:
445:
193:
817:. In Prague, he owned two houses in the Lesser Town, one on the site of today's
537:
527:
In 1640, Croon distinguished himself in the recapture of the castle and town of
519:
389:
Returning from Italy after the Peace of Cherasco in June 1631 with the corps of
235:, 1642; Blockade of GĆogĂłw, 1644; Capture of Kiel, 1644; Blockade of Eger, 1647
449:
398:
216:
143:
794:
765:. On 6 November 1665, Jan van der Croon died in Prague where he was buried in
682:
484:
1435:
1277:
Von Nördlingen bis Jankau: Kaiserliche Strategie und KriegsfĂŒhrung 1634-1645
822:
786:
737:, he drew up the fortification concept together with the military engineer
587:. In March 1644, he captured Herrnstadt Castle on the outskirts of GĆogĂłw.
495:. Alongside Gallas' army, Croon pursued the Swedes and took up quarters in
457:
564:
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576:
496:
27:
674:
545:
654:
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422:
421:
in early 1634, Croon again served under Aldringen. During the siege of
802:
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in early June, but did not advance against Prague, instead moving via
541:
335:
service and Willem fell as a lieutenant colonel in Spanish service at
1398:
Der DreiĂigjĂ€hrige Krieg in Selbstzeugnissen, Chroniken und Berichten
698:
650:
620:
492:
1219:
De Maasgouw: Tijdschrift voor Limburgse Geschiedenis en Oudheidkunde
750:
734:
785:
In 1651, Croon had acquired the village of ZahoĆany (today part of
595:
480:
426:
371:
1164:
809:) and other places. In 1663, he also bought Divice (today part of
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580:
40:
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867:
758:
706:
568:
553:
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469:
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277:. For many years until his death, he served as city commander of
274:
59:
1414:"ZahoĆany a jejich drĆŸitelĂ© ve struÄnĂ© historickĂ© retrospektivÄ"
1118:
1116:
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into the Cool or Coolen family, also called Croon after the inn
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465:
383:
278:
110:
1296:
Das Ende des DreiĂigjĂ€hrigen Krieges. Strategie und Kriegsbild
636:
the departure of the main imperial army, Croon recaptured the
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814:
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336:
323:
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138:
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382:. In July 1630, he participated in the storming and sack of
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507:. Over the winter, Croon's troops were sent to quarters in
504:
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against the Swedes advancing towards Bavaria, in which the
393:, Croon joined the combined Imperial and League army under
366:
in his Hungarian campaign against the Protestant commander
692:
1270:(in German). Prague: Artistisch-Typographisches Institut.
1006:
1004:
1002:
926:
749:
asked for Croon to take command of the recently captured
58:
Military commander of Prague, vice military commander of
1248:(in Dutch). Weert: Stichting Historisch Onderzoek Weert.
1095:
1071:
1035:
941:
901:
409:, after which he was promoted to lieutenant, and at the
1246:
Weert in woord en beeld : jaarboek voor Weert 2001
999:
1059:
1047:
1025:
1023:
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to Johann von Werth and moved from Cologne to Weert.
669:
horsemen. He did not attack the city, but rode on to
575:
was able to cross the Elbe with a pontoon bridge at
514:
1349:
1340:
1170:
1134:
1083:
989:
987:
985:
983:
761:. In the last year of his life, he was promoted to
1140:
1016:
741:. After the entry of the imperial forces into the
1411:
1279:(in German). Wien: Heeresgeschichtliches Museum.
1152:
1122:
1457:Imperial Army personnel of the Thirty Years' War
1433:
980:
1341:Meraviglia-Crivelli, Rudolf Johann von (1886).
1239:"De militaire levensloop van Jan van der Croon"
709:and raised to the rank of baron under the name
397:in October. In April 1632, Croon fought in the
552:, including a raid on the Swedish garrison of
1472:People of the War of the Mantuan Succession
1462:People of the Austro-Turkish War (1663â64)
1380:Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek
1364:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
491:. Banér narrowly escaped and retreated to
322:Jan van der Croon was born in the town of
305:
26:
1345:(in German). NĂŒrnberg: Bauer & Raspe.
249:(c. 1600 â 6 November 1665), also called
1312:
1267:Böhmens Burgen, Vesten und Bergschlösser
1010:
776:
601:
518:
309:
1391:
1372:
1298:(in German). Köln/Weimar/Wien: Böhlau.
1029:
935:
840:
693:General and Bohemian military commander
540:in September 1640 and the recapture of
1434:
1350:Podlaha, Anton; Wirth, Zdenek (1912).
1274:
1252:
1236:
1209:
1146:
1041:
974:
920:
681:by surprise on 26 July, capturing the
456:. For his actions, he was promoted to
297:with whom he was often confused with.
1354:(in German). Vol. 35â36. Prague.
1321:
1317:(in German). Tarnopol: St. Kossowski.
1293:
1263:
1186:
1158:
1101:
1089:
1077:
1065:
1053:
993:
1412:Zeman, VĂĄclav; PĂĄtek, Jakub (2017).
1196:Stichting Historisch Onderzoek Weert
483:, attacked the Swedes under General
269:, he continued his career after the
866:was taken almost directly from the
713:. Until then he had called himself
227:, 1632; Siege of Regensburg, 1634;
13:
273:in the military administration of
14:
1483:
1452:Generals of the Holy Roman Empire
1383:(in Dutch). Vol. 9. Leiden:
1259:(in Dutch). Roermond: J.J. Romen.
515:Regiment owner and city commander
148:
137:
1264:Heber, Franz Alexander (1847).
781:Holy Trinity Church in ZahoĆany
660:Although Croon had reinforced
362:as a pikeman and served under
1:
1394:"Croon, Jan Freiherr van der"
894:
772:
475:The main imperial army under
380:War of the Mantuan Succession
204:War of the Mantuan Succession
1189:"Stamboom Jan van der Croon"
711:Johann Freiherr von der Cron
413:, in which the Swedish king
7:
1375:"Croon (Jan baron van der)"
805:), ValtĂĆov (today part of
429:. Croon next fought in the
419:Wallenstein's assassination
10:
1488:
1313:Kleeberg, Emilian (1893).
1180:
629:cavalry skirmish at Triebl
523:Battle of Breitenfeld 1642
877:
354:, Croon took part in the
240:
179:
169:
161:
132:
127:
116:
97:
85:
80:
76:
65:
57:
46:
38:
34:
25:
18:
1322:Marek, Miroslav (2008).
1171:Meraviglia-Crivelli 1886
1135:Podlaha & Wirth 1912
801:, ĆetouĆ (today part of
763:field marshal lieutenant
454:besieged by Dutch troops
378:to support Spain in the
364:Albrecht von Wallenstein
263:lieutenant field marshal
174:Lieutenant field marshal
1392:Warlich, Bernd (2012).
1275:Höbelt, Lothar (2016).
723:Generalfeldwachtmeister
306:From soldier to officer
300:
198:Siege of Schenkenschans
1253:Habets, Josef (1862).
1237:Haanen, Emile (2001).
1210:Haanen, Emile (2000).
1187:Crone, G.C.E. (1922).
1123:Zeman & PĂĄtek 2017
782:
747:Melchior von Hatzfeldt
607:
524:
319:
39:Military commander of
1418:Terra Sacra Incognita
1294:Höfer, Ernst (1997).
780:
755:war against the Turks
605:
558:defeat of Breitenfeld
522:
313:
208:Sack of Mantua, 1630
1373:Verzijl, J. (1933).
891:from Werth's heirs.
841:Reception and legend
831:MalostranskĂ© nĂĄmÄstĂ
825:at the banks of the
819:Liechtenstein Palace
677:to Prague, which he
431:Battle of Nördlingen
391:Johann von Aldringen
1387:. pp. 183â185.
1212:"Jan van der Croon"
1104:, pp. 216â217.
1080:, pp. 171â172.
1044:, pp. 351â352.
977:, pp. 105â118.
938:, pp. 183â185.
923:, pp. 243â256.
687:Peace of Westphalia
573:Lennart Torstensson
448:and the capture of
439:Ottavio Piccolomini
328:Spanish Netherlands
283:Second Northern War
271:Peace of Westphalia
255:Johann de la Corona
1324:"Kuefstein family"
783:
767:St. Thomas' Church
608:
525:
458:Obristwachtmeister
368:Ernst von Mansfeld
320:
287:Austro-Turkish War
162:Service years
121:St. Thomas' Church
1467:People from Weert
1305:978-3-412-04297-4
1068:, pp. 95â96.
1056:, pp. 83â86.
854:, Werth from the
707:Bohemian nobility
671:BÄlĂĄ nad Radbuzou
606:PlzeĆ around 1650
479:, returning from
415:Gustavus Adolphus
376:Ramboldo Collalto
344:Eighty Years' War
267:Thirty Years' War
247:Jan van der Croon
244:
243:
212:Thirty Years' War
185:Eighty Years' War
156:Holy Roman Empire
20:Jan van der Croon
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739:Giovanni Pieroni
640:redoubt outside
536:in the siege of
446:relief of Leuven
411:Battle of LĂŒtzen
352:Ambrosio Spinola
295:Johann von Werth
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128:Military service
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81:Personal details
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843:
829:, the other on
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727:Austria-Hungary
715:Jan de la Croon
695:
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487:in mid-June at
477:Matthias Gallas
403:Catholic League
308:
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251:Jan della Croon
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194:Siege of Leuven
188:
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108:6 November 1665
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1286:978-3902551733
1285:
1272:
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1234:
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1175:
1173:, p. 169.
1163:
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450:Schenkenschanz
399:Battle of Rain
356:siege of Breda
307:
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299:
242:
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190:Siege of Breda
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1137:, p. 60.
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1011:Kleeberg 1893
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848:Jan van Werth
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613:Walter Leslie
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560:in November.
559:
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533:Ferdinand III
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360:Imperial army
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117:Resting place
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29:
24:
17:
1442:1600s births
1422:. Retrieved
1417:
1402:. Retrieved
1397:
1378:
1351:
1342:
1331:. Retrieved
1328:Genealogy.eu
1327:
1314:
1295:
1276:
1266:
1255:
1245:
1227:. Retrieved
1222:
1221:(in Dutch).
1218:
1200:. Retrieved
1195:
1166:
1154:
1142:
1130:
1097:
1085:
1073:
1061:
1049:
1037:
1030:Warlich 2012
936:Verzijl 1933
885:
881:
872:Jan un Griet
871:
864:Jan en Hanna
863:
860:
847:
844:
835:
823:Kampa Island
807:VelkĂ© BĆezno
784:
743:Northern War
731:
714:
710:
696:
659:
638:Königswarter
626:
609:
589:
562:
526:
474:
443:
437:regiment of
417:fell. After
388:
348:de la Corona
347:
341:
331:
321:
291:
259:von der Cron
258:
254:
250:
246:
245:
210:
202:
183:
67:
48:
1447:1665 deaths
1400:(in German)
1147:Habets 1862
1042:Höbelt 2016
975:Haanen 2001
921:Haanen 2000
856:Lower Rhine
813:) south of
795:LoveÄkovice
793:), besides
683:Lesser Town
647:Königsmarck
546:Schweidnitz
497:Mecklenburg
395:Count Tilly
233:Breitenfeld
1436:Categories
1424:2022-03-14
1420:(in Czech)
1404:2022-03-14
1333:2022-03-14
1229:2022-03-14
1202:2022-03-14
1198:(in Dutch)
1159:Marek 2008
1102:Höfer 1997
1090:Heber 1847
1078:Höfer 1997
1066:Höfer 1997
1054:Höfer 1997
994:Crone 1922
895:References
773:Properties
719:LitomÄĆice
655:Waldsassen
538:Hirschberg
501:Boizenburg
423:Regensburg
407:Alte Veste
229:Nördlingen
221:Alte Veste
133:Allegiance
104:1665-11-06
1360:cite book
1225:: 243â256
729:in 1918.
699:Nuremberg
651:Wunsiedel
633:Holzappel
621:Pardubice
565:PodÄbrady
493:Pomerania
314:Siege of
165:1624â1665
72:1652â1665
68:In office
53:1645â1650
49:In office
1385:Sijthoff
811:VinaĆice
791:TĆebuĆĄĂn
679:attacked
675:RakovnĂk
666:Falkenau
645:General
596:Bernburg
481:Burgundy
427:Landshut
372:Holstein
370:and the
350:. Under
332:De Croon
285:and the
223:, 1632;
219:, 1632;
196:; 1635;
192:, 1624;
123:, Prague
1181:Sources
889:Benatek
868:Cologne
852:Limburg
803:MaleÄov
787:KĆeĆĄice
759:Hungary
662:Elbogen
569:Nymburk
554:Litovel
550:Moravia
542:Görlitz
509:Silesia
503:on the
470:Oschatz
462:Bohemia
435:dragoon
326:in the
318:1624/25
275:Bohemia
200:, 1635
180:Battles
89:c. 1600
60:Bohemia
1302:
1283:
878:Family
827:Vltava
751:KrakĂłw
735:NĂĄchod
703:Erfurt
685:. The
585:GĆogĂłw
577:MÄlnĂk
489:Torgau
466:Saxony
384:Mantua
279:Prague
225:LĂŒtzen
153:
111:Prague
1242:(PDF)
1215:(PDF)
1192:(PDF)
870:saga
815:Louny
799:TaĆĄov
617:PlzeĆ
581:KolĂn
529:Lubin
485:Banér
337:Lille
324:Weert
316:Breda
257:, or
144:Spain
92:Weert
41:PlzeĆ
1366:link
1300:ISBN
1281:ISBN
664:and
653:and
642:Eger
592:Kiel
567:and
505:Elbe
301:Life
217:Rain
170:Rank
98:Died
86:Born
1223:119
821:on
464:or
1438::
1416:.
1396:.
1377:.
1362:}}
1358:{{
1326:.
1244:.
1217:.
1194:.
1109:^
1018:^
1001:^
982:^
943:^
928:^
903:^
797:,
769:.
441:.
339:.
289:.
253:,
1427:.
1407:.
1368:)
1336:.
1308:.
1289:.
1232:.
1205:.
1161:.
1149:.
1125:.
1032:.
996:.
846:(
106:)
102:(
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