1605:
1597:
248:
239:
228:
217:
206:
131:
1444:
1509:
1552:
Madlo's regiment seemed to confirm the guilt of the left wing but did not calm tempers. When the
Archduke asked Hatzfeld, who had arrived with reinforcements in January 1643, to take over command while he travelled to Vienna, Hatzfeld refused saying he could not repair the mistakes of the Italians. Confronted with this insubordination, the Archduke resigned his command and in February was temporarily replaced by Piccolomini before he decided to enter Spanish service and stepped down in April. The returning Trentine general
53:
189:
173:
162:
151:
119:
1493:
The
Imperial Army lost all 46 guns along with 3,000 to 5,000 dead or wounded plus another 4,500 or 5,000 taken prisoner, including generals Suys and Fernemont. Swedish casualties were 4,000 dead or wounded; Generals Lilliehöök and Slang were killed, while General Stålhandske, commander of the Finnish
1420:
on 10 August but abandoned it on 12 September when
Torstensson offered him battle in front of the fortress. The Swedish army was now large enough to put the Imperials under pressure and they pulled back to the Bohemian border where they entrenched themselves and used their light cavalry to harass the
1551:
Defeat ignited antagonism in the army between
Germans and Italians, commonly called "Welsche" or "Walsche", who claimed it was due to the collapse of the mostly German left wing under Puchheim, who in turn argued the mostly Italian right under Gonzaga had failed to support them. The court-martial of
1489:
pursued the fleeing
Imperial left, while the rest under Wittenberg moved behind the Imperial centre to attack their right from behind. Under pressure from two sides, this broke while Piccolomini and the Archduke used their personal bodyguards along with the Alt- and Neu-Piccolomini, Mislik, Borneval
1455:
The
Imperials had 26,000 men and 46 guns against 20,000 and 70 respectively for the Swedes. Despite the disparity in numbers, the two forces were roughly equivalent because the Imperial army included many irregular Croatian and Hungarian cavalry of questionable combat value, as well as some dragoons
1451:
The fast approach of the
Imperial Army under the Archduke and Piccolomini forced Torstensson to lift the siege of Leipzig on 1 November. Assuming the Swedes were in disorderly retreat, the Archduke and his war council decided to attack against the advice of Piccolomini who considered them too strong
1472:
attacked the
Imperial left. Its commander Hans Christoph von Puchheim had not yet fully deployed his troops and some of his regiments took flight, allegedly led by Madlo's regiment of arquebusiers in the front line, followed by a number of neighbouring units and most of the Saxon regiments holding
1516:
Rather than a renewed offensive, Torstensson renewed the siege of
Leipzig which held out until 7 December. Its loss gave the Swedes a secure base in Saxony and was a serious blow to Elector John George, although most of the Imperial prisoners who joined the Swedish army after Breitenfeld deserted
1529:, whose Saxon garrison resisted stubbornly and repelled a major assault on 13 January. Having rebuilt the Imperial Army in Bohemia, Piccolomini arrived outside Freiberg on 27 February, forcing the Swedes to abandon the siege, an action that may have stopped John George from leaving the war.
1583:
and again took a defensive position in front of the Swedes. The
Imperials used their superior light cavalry to harass the Swedes in skirmishes. The Swedes held out until October when they retreated into Silesia and then left Habsburg territory entirely to attack Denmark in the
1460:
regiments. In contrast, the Swedish cavalry was almost exclusively formed out of heavy cuirassiers. Both sides placed their cavalry on the wings, with the infantry in the centre, split into two subgroups because a small forest, the Linkelwald, bisected the Imperial lines.
1540:. Six regiments, which had distinguished themselves in the battle, were assembled fully armed and surrounded Madlo's regiment, which was severely rebuked for its cowardice and misconduct and ordered to lay down its arms, after which their
1484:
and Count Bruay shattered most of the Swedish left under Erik Slang and pushed them back onto their reserve under Königsmarck which continued to resist. Torstensson now decided to split his victorious right; one part under
1302:
in November with fresh recruits and the outstanding pay saved them from mutiny. The Emperor's peace with the Guelphs in the Treaty of Goslar removed the strategic link between the Swedes and the French army under
1490:
and Luttke regiments as a rear guard to cover their retreat. Although the infantry north of the Linkelwald escaped, the group to the south was encircled by the Swedish cavalry and forced to surrender.
1556:
took over command, largely because he was acceptable to both Germans and Italians. Most of the Italian generals like the Gonzagas or Montecuccoli chose to retire or depart for Italy to fight in the
1396:
after a short siege. After collecting superior forces, the Imperials forced the outnumbered Swedes back into Silesia pursued by the Archduke. Leaving a blockading corps at Olomouc, on 25 July his
1330:, which had declared neutrality in 1641. Brandenburg' denial of military access to the Imperials prevented them from assaulting the Swedes in February 1642. Therefore, the Imperial commander
1477:
Nicola who repulsed two Swedish attacks with the support of the reserve cavalry under Ernst Roland von Suys before a third assault broke through, killing Nicola and several other officers.
518:
1612:
The dissolution of the Swedish Royal First Life Grenadier Regiment in 1927 was commemorated by this medal showing on the obverse the Second Battle of Breitenfeld as "Leipzig 1642".
679:
1369:, one of its strongest fortresses, by storm on 4 May. The Imperial commander in Silesia, Franz Albrecht of Saxe-Lauenburg, collected a small army of 7,500 men and called
752:
1464:
Battle began in the early morning of 2 November with an artillery duel in which Swedish infantry commander Johan Lilliehöök was mortally wounded. The Swedes crossed the
791:
704:
694:
689:
1563:
In April, the Swedes started their next offensive. Gallas anticipated their aim of resupplying Olomouc and tried to block their way with a strong defensive position at
1047:
953:
354:
1254:. However, although significantly weakened by the defeat and forced onto the defensive, the Imperial Army prevented them from fully exploiting their victory and kept
816:
409:
851:
1035:
769:
943:
821:
963:
1326:
split up from the main Imperial force to contain Guébriant's advance. Both Imperials and Swedes moved to the east where the Swedes pitched winter quarters in
1023:
757:
535:
873:
684:
1604:
1596:
1084:
913:
883:
523:
1579:. He moved forward and reached northern Moravia prior to Gallas where he resupplied the Swedish garrisons. Gallas and the Imperials followed him over
1342:
to move into winter quarters in late February. While the Imperials were still obtaining quarters in April, the Swedes already started their campaign.
2150:
781:
600:
2096:
347:
2145:
1304:
1052:
340:
2160:
1189:
1572:
1381:. Tricked into attacking a much larger Swedish force on 31 May, his troops were overwhelmed and he himself mortally wounded.
1521:
was appointed commander of Leipzig and enforced a large contribution of 150,000 talers. On 29 December, Wittenberg captured
2175:
2170:
1370:
1331:
1240:
1028:
210:
2084:
2065:
2027:
1438:
70:
452:
2155:
2046:
1267:
1266:
During 1641, the Swedish army narrowly escaped the pursuit by Imperials and Bavarians after its failed attack on the
1236:
1152:
1064:
1350:
1724:
1426:
1255:
1250:
Victory allowed the Swedes to occupy and establish a secure base in Leipzig, the second most important town in the
2165:
1452:
for a direct assault. The Swedes retreated to better positions outside Breitenfeld where they awaited an attack.
709:
614:
1040:
836:
1127:
856:
472:
1013:
716:
1716:
983:
629:
591:
20:
903:
774:
721:
699:
2140:
1525:
while Torstensson conferred with the French commander Guébriant. In early January, the Swedes besieged
1339:
1327:
1137:
1112:
540:
477:
1443:
669:
1167:
654:
581:
566:
1295:
928:
762:
1291:
1172:
973:
659:
609:
482:
414:
2135:
1545:
1132:
1096:
1074:
1069:
747:
576:
561:
419:
2020:
Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015
1548:, lots were drawn and every 10th soldier of the regiment and 5 officers were executed next day.
1157:
1089:
1008:
846:
528:
437:
1486:
918:
1401:
1319:
1162:
1018:
826:
811:
806:
796:
644:
556:
457:
1480:
On the other side of the battlefield, the result was the opposite. The Imperial right under
1283:
988:
908:
1720:
1345:
The new Swedish commander Torstensson planned a major offensive in 1642 to strike into the
1251:
1216:
1212:
1142:
1003:
968:
938:
888:
786:
492:
447:
442:
404:
364:
86:
82:
44:
513:
8:
1564:
1508:
1465:
1374:
1308:
1299:
1244:
1232:
1147:
1122:
831:
801:
737:
674:
497:
487:
428:
221:
155:
993:
467:
1608:
The reverse of this medal honours the soldiers defending their homeland on foreign soil
1541:
1279:
978:
898:
878:
649:
664:
2080:
2061:
2042:
2023:
1346:
868:
634:
619:
586:
462:
394:
247:
238:
227:
216:
205:
136:
27:
2039:
The Later Thirty Years War: From the Battle of Wittstock to the Treaty of Westphalia
1560:. Only Bruay was persuaded by the Emperor to stay instead of following Piccolomini.
1421:
Swedish supply lines. Withdrawing into Saxony in October, Torstensson laid siege to
1481:
1469:
1373:
for aid. Before being reinforced by a detachment from the main Imperial Army under
1312:
1059:
998:
958:
933:
923:
863:
624:
571:
399:
232:
194:
178:
166:
1600:
First Battle of Leipzig 1642 on the flag of a Swedish 1927 Art Deco Medal, obverse
2008:
1553:
1323:
1117:
893:
841:
742:
389:
380:
253:
52:
1585:
1557:
1079:
639:
123:
1275:
2129:
2111:
2098:
1496:
1307:, forcing the French to turn west where they defeated an Imperial army under
332:
2058:
Von Nördlingen bis Jankau: Kaiserliche Strategie und Kriegsführung 1634-1645
1228:
1576:
1518:
1457:
1417:
1366:
1354:
1287:
1378:
1271:
1575:
to distract the Imperials. In the meantime, he attained a crossing at
1425:, the second-largest city in Saxony and an important stronghold for
1388:
to join up with the Archduke, while on 14 June Torstensson captured
1537:
1526:
1522:
1397:
1571:. Torstensson avoided Gallas' main force and feinted an attack at
1474:
1422:
1393:
1389:
1362:
1358:
1335:
1224:
1220:
90:
1533:
506:
Transylvanian invasions of Hungary (1619–1621, 1623–1624, 1626)
188:
172:
161:
150:
118:
1536:
which sentenced the Madlo regiment to exemplary punishment at
26:
For the Battle of the Nations during the Napoleonic Wars, see
1409:
1405:
1783:
1781:
1294:
allies, the remnant of the Swedes repelled the Imperials at
1580:
1568:
1413:
1412:, forcing Torstensson to abandon it and retreat across the
1385:
1984:
1924:
1829:
1817:
1805:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1960:
1948:
1875:
1873:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1793:
1778:
1766:
1719:
at the crossroads village where the Swedish forces under
1902:
1900:
1754:
1730:
1659:
1657:
1644:
1642:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1669:
1629:
1627:
1625:
2022:(4th ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland.
1912:
1885:
1870:
1841:
1532:
Archduke Leopold Wilhelm assembled a court-martial in
1972:
1936:
1897:
1858:
1654:
1639:
1742:
1690:
1622:
2060:(in German). Wien: Heeresgeschichtliches Museum.
2127:
1512:The Swedes failed to take Freiberg in early 1643
1473:the second line. The remainder were rallied by
1377:, Franz Albrecht tried to relieve the siege of
1318:Because of Kempen, the Westphalian army under
362:
348:
1357:as a distraction, Torstensson moved east to
1278:lost several thousand men at the battles of
1544:were torn in pieces. In a process known as
57:Contemporary engraving depicting the battle
2017:
1684:
1290:in May. With the help of their French and
355:
341:
1727:his first major defeat on the same plain.
1715:The second battle was 11 years after the
1567:and by refusing them any crossing of the
2010:Die Ereignisse um Leipzig im Herbst 1642
2006:
1954:
1603:
1595:
1507:
1442:
2151:Battles involving the Holy Roman Empire
2036:
1990:
1930:
1918:
1891:
1879:
1852:
1835:
1823:
1811:
1663:
1648:
254:
2128:
2077:The Thirty Years War: Europe's Tragedy
2074:
2055:
1978:
1966:
1942:
1906:
1864:
1799:
1787:
1772:
1760:
1748:
1736:
1703:
1633:
336:
16:1642 battle of the Thirty Years' War
1371:Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria
1241:Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria
13:
1439:Breitenfeld (1642) order of battle
1416:river. The Archduke laid siege to
14:
2187:
2013:(in German). Halle: Max Niemeyer.
1408:which was screening the siege of
1404:defeated a Swedish detachment at
730:Swedish-French Period (1635–1648)
2146:Battles of the Thirty Years' War
1591:
1500:cavalry, was seriously wounded.
1427:John George I, Elector of Saxony
1305:Jean-Baptiste Budes de Guébriant
1256:John George I, Elector of Saxony
601:Swedish intervention (1630–1635)
246:
237:
226:
215:
204:
187:
171:
160:
149:
129:
117:
51:
1258:from making peace with Sweden.
549:Danish intervention (1625–1629)
429:Palatinate campaign (1620–1623)
1709:
1351:Hans Christoff von Königsmarck
1334:was compelled to retreat from
1:
2161:1642 in the Holy Roman Empire
2000:
1349:. While a mobile force under
252:Ernst Roland von Suys (
2037:Guthrie, William P. (2003).
1503:
1286:until his untimely death at
1205:Second Battle of Breitenfeld
38:Second Battle of Breitenfeld
21:Battle of Breitenfeld (1631)
7:
2176:Military history of Leipzig
1468:and their right wing under
381:Bohemian Revolt (1618–1620)
321:3,000–5,000 dead or wounded
243:Hans Christoph von Puchheim
10:
2192:
2171:Military history of Saxony
2007:Boettger, Hermann (1882).
1436:
1274:in January. Its commander
1261:
25:
18:
1725:Field Marshal Count Tilly
1432:
1185:
374:
297:
262:
142:
110:
61:
50:
42:
37:
2156:Battles involving Sweden
1615:
1384:Piccolomini withdrew to
1353:raided westward towards
1332:Archduke Leopold Wilhelm
1322:and the Bavarians under
1298:but only the arrival of
1211:, took place during the
211:Archduke Leopold Wilhelm
19:Not to be confused with
2056:Höbelt, Lothar (2016).
2018:Clodfelter, M. (2017).
1235:decisively defeated an
1209:First Battle of Leipzig
193:Johan Lilliehöök
2166:17th century in Saxony
1609:
1601:
1513:
1448:
1361:from where he invaded
1340:Bishopric of Magdeburg
1215:on 2 November 1642 at
143:Commanders and leaders
1607:
1599:
1511:
1446:
1402:Raimondo Montecuccoli
1320:Melchior von Hatzfeld
298:Casualties and losses
1721:Gustavus II Adolphus
1429:, an Imperial ally.
1252:Electorate of Saxony
1207:, also known as the
572:Lutter am Barenberge
324:4,500–5,000 captured
2112:51.3403°N 12.3748°E
2108: /
2075:Wilson, P. (2011).
2041:. Greenwood Press.
1993:, pp. 123–124.
1969:, pp. 341–344.
1933:, pp. 122–123.
1838:, pp. 109–110.
1826:, pp. 108–109.
1814:, pp. 107–108.
1802:, pp. 322–324.
1790:, pp. 316–319.
1775:, pp. 304–306.
1763:, pp. 632–633.
1739:, pp. 626–630.
1558:First War of Castro
1487:Torsten StĂĄlhandske
1375:Ottavio Piccolomini
1309:Guillaume de Lamboy
1300:Lennart Torstensson
1245:Ottavio Piccolomini
1233:Lennart Torstensson
222:Ottavio Piccolomini
156:Lennart Torstensson
1610:
1602:
1542:regimental colours
1517:during the siege.
1514:
1456:and old-fashioned
1449:
1447:Map of the battle.
2141:Conflicts in 1642
2079:. Belknap Press.
1957:, pp. 53–54.
1573:Brandýs nad Labem
1213:Thirty Years' War
1198:
1197:
1180:
1179:
722:Strasbourg Bridge
366:Thirty Years' War
331:
330:
177:Erik Slang
137:Holy Roman Empire
106:
105:
69:2 November 1642 (
45:Thirty Years' War
28:Battle of Leipzig
2183:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2117:51.3403; 12.3748
2113:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2090:
2071:
2052:
2033:
2014:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1688:
1682:
1667:
1661:
1652:
1646:
1637:
1631:
1482:Annibale Gonzaga
1470:Arvid Wittenberg
1466:Rietzschke river
1219:, north-east of
1158:2nd Saint Martin
1153:Cape St. Vincent
1128:1st Saint Martin
1093:
1056:
1044:
1032:
860:
778:
766:
713:
592:'s-Hertogenbosch
532:
377:
376:
369:
367:
357:
350:
343:
334:
333:
256:
251:
250:
242:
241:
233:Annibale Gonzaga
231:
230:
220:
219:
209:
208:
199:
192:
191:
183:
176:
175:
167:Arvid Wittenberg
165:
164:
154:
153:
135:
133:
132:
122:
121:
63:
62:
55:
35:
34:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2126:
2125:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2087:
2068:
2049:
2030:
2003:
1998:
1997:
1989:
1985:
1977:
1973:
1965:
1961:
1953:
1949:
1941:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1905:
1898:
1890:
1886:
1878:
1871:
1863:
1859:
1851:
1842:
1834:
1830:
1822:
1818:
1810:
1806:
1798:
1794:
1786:
1779:
1771:
1767:
1759:
1755:
1747:
1743:
1735:
1731:
1714:
1710:
1702:
1691:
1685:Clodfelter 2017
1683:
1670:
1662:
1655:
1647:
1640:
1632:
1623:
1618:
1594:
1554:Matthias Gallas
1506:
1441:
1435:
1324:Franz von Mercy
1315:in early 1642.
1264:
1243:and his deputy
1201:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1181:
1168:Colberger Heide
1087:
1050:
1038:
1026:
949:2nd Breitenfeld
854:
827:2nd Rheinfelden
772:
760:
707:
700:1st Rheinfelden
630:1st Breitenfeld
610:Swedish landing
541:Vlach uprisings
526:
370:
365:
363:
361:
287:10,000 infantry
273:10,000 infantry
245:
244:
236:
235:
225:
224:
214:
213:
203:
195:
186:
185:
179:
170:
169:
159:
158:
148:
130:
128:
116:
102:Swedish victory
94:
56:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2189:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2136:1642 in Europe
2092:
2091:
2086:978-0674062313
2085:
2072:
2067:978-3902551733
2066:
2053:
2047:
2034:
2029:978-0786474707
2028:
2015:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1983:
1981:, p. 347.
1971:
1959:
1947:
1945:, p. 341.
1935:
1923:
1921:, p. 121.
1911:
1909:, p. 345.
1896:
1894:, p. 119.
1884:
1882:, p. 118.
1869:
1867:, p. 637.
1857:
1855:, p. 117.
1840:
1828:
1816:
1804:
1792:
1777:
1765:
1753:
1751:, p. 298.
1741:
1729:
1708:
1706:, p. 638.
1689:
1668:
1666:, p. 116.
1653:
1651:, p. 115.
1638:
1636:, p. 636.
1620:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1593:
1590:
1586:Torstenson War
1565:Hradec Králové
1505:
1502:
1434:
1431:
1347:Habsburg lands
1263:
1260:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1045:
1033:
1021:
1016:
1014:2nd Nördlingen
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
767:
755:
750:
748:Schenkenschans
745:
740:
732:
731:
727:
726:
725:
724:
719:
717:1st Nördlingen
714:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
604:
603:
597:
596:
595:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
551:
550:
546:
545:
544:
543:
538:
533:
521:
516:
508:
507:
503:
502:
501:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
473:Bergen op Zoom
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
432:
431:
425:
424:
423:
422:
417:
415:White Mountain
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
384:
383:
375:
372:
371:
360:
359:
352:
345:
337:
329:
328:
326:
325:
322:
314:
313:
312:
309:
300:
299:
295:
294:
292:
291:
290:16,000 cavalry
288:
280:
278:
277:
276:10,000 cavalry
274:
265:
264:
260:
259:
201:
145:
144:
140:
139:
126:
113:
112:
108:
107:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
81:
79:
75:
74:
67:
59:
58:
48:
47:
40:
39:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2188:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2124:
2121:
2088:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2048:9780313324086
2044:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1992:
1987:
1980:
1975:
1968:
1963:
1956:
1955:Boettger 1882
1951:
1944:
1939:
1932:
1927:
1920:
1915:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1893:
1888:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1866:
1861:
1854:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1837:
1832:
1825:
1820:
1813:
1808:
1801:
1796:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1774:
1769:
1762:
1757:
1750:
1745:
1738:
1733:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1705:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1687:, p. 41.
1686:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1650:
1645:
1643:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1621:
1613:
1606:
1598:
1592:Commemoration
1589:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1497:Hakkapeliitta
1491:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1459:
1453:
1445:
1440:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1268:Imperial Diet
1259:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1237:Imperial Army
1234:
1231:commanded by
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1192:
1191:
1184:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1105:Naval battles
1104:
1103:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1075:Wevelinghoven
1073:
1071:
1070:Zusmarshausen
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1048:HohentĂĽbingen
1046:
1042:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
858:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
792:2nd Magdeburg
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
776:
771:
768:
764:
759:
756:
754:
753:Ray-sur-SaĂ´ne
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
735:
734:
733:
729:
728:
723:
720:
718:
715:
711:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
607:
606:
605:
602:
599:
598:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
562:Dessau Bridge
560:
558:
555:
554:
553:
552:
548:
547:
542:
539:
537:
534:
530:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
511:
510:
509:
505:
504:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
438:Bad Kreuznach
436:
435:
434:
433:
430:
427:
426:
421:
420:Neu Titschein
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
387:
386:
385:
382:
379:
378:
373:
368:
358:
353:
351:
346:
344:
339:
338:
335:
323:
320:
319:
318:
315:
311:2,000 wounded
310:
307:
306:
305:
302:
301:
296:
289:
286:
285:
284:
281:
275:
272:
271:
270:
267:
266:
261:
257:
249:
240:
234:
229:
223:
218:
212:
207:
202:
200:
198:
190:
184:
182:
174:
168:
163:
157:
152:
147:
146:
141:
138:
127:
125:
120:
115:
114:
109:
101:
98:
97:
92:
89:(present-day
88:
84:
80:
77:
76:
72:
68:
65:
64:
60:
54:
49:
46:
41:
36:
29:
22:
2093:
2076:
2057:
2038:
2019:
2009:
1991:Guthrie 2003
1986:
1974:
1962:
1950:
1938:
1931:Guthrie 2003
1926:
1919:Guthrie 2003
1914:
1892:Guthrie 2003
1887:
1880:Guthrie 2003
1860:
1853:Guthrie 2003
1836:Guthrie 2003
1831:
1824:Guthrie 2003
1819:
1812:Guthrie 2003
1807:
1795:
1768:
1756:
1744:
1732:
1717:first battle
1711:
1664:Guthrie 2003
1649:Guthrie 2003
1611:
1562:
1550:
1531:
1515:
1495:
1492:
1479:
1463:
1454:
1450:
1383:
1344:
1317:
1296:WolfenbĂĽttel
1265:
1249:
1229:Swedish Army
1208:
1204:
1202:
1188:
1133:Lizard Point
984:Philippsburg
954:2nd Freiberg
948:
929:WolfenbĂĽttel
874:1st Freiberg
869:2nd Breisach
847:Wittenweiher
837:FuenterrabĂa
695:1st Breisach
680:Pfaffenhofen
317:8,000–9,500
316:
308:2,000 killed
303:
282:
268:
196:
180:
111:Belligerents
43:Part of the
2115: /
1979:Höbelt 2016
1967:Höbelt 2016
1943:Höbelt 2016
1907:Höbelt 2016
1865:Wilson 2011
1800:Höbelt 2016
1788:Höbelt 2016
1773:Höbelt 2016
1761:Wilson 2011
1749:Höbelt 2016
1737:Wilson 2011
1723:had handed
1704:Wilson 2011
1634:Wilson 2011
1519:Axel Lillie
1458:arquebusier
1379:Schweidnitz
1355:Quedlinburg
1328:Brandenburg
1288:Halberstadt
1276:Johan Banér
1217:Breitenfeld
1088: [
1051: [
1039: [
1027: [
1009:Mergentheim
944:Schweidnitz
855: [
773: [
761: [
708: [
527: [
493:Frankenthal
458:Mingolsheim
83:Breitenfeld
2130:Categories
2103:12°22′29″E
2100:51°20′25″N
2001:References
1546:decimation
1437:See also:
1365:. He took
1272:Regensburg
1163:Lister Dyb
1024:Korneuburg
969:Tuttlingen
939:Honnecourt
889:Thionville
832:Saint Omer
787:Tornavento
660:Alte Veste
645:Maastricht
519:Érsekújvár
478:Heidelberg
405:Wisternitz
1504:Aftermath
1148:The Downs
1123:The Slaak
1113:Gibraltar
1036:Totenhöhe
1019:3rd Hulst
919:La Marfée
807:2nd Breda
802:Wittstock
770:HaselĂĽnne
738:Les Avins
675:Oldendorf
650:Nuremberg
620:Magdeburg
615:Frankfurt
582:Stralsund
567:Oldenzaal
498:Stadtlohn
448:Bacharach
443:Oppenheim
1538:Rokycany
1527:Freiberg
1523:Chemnitz
1398:vanguard
1284:PreĂźnitz
1280:Neunburg
1190:Treaties
1004:2nd Brno
989:JĂĽterbog
979:Freiburg
964:1st Brno
909:PreĂźnitz
904:MontjuĂŻc
899:Cambrils
879:Chemnitz
705:Liegnitz
690:Konstanz
655:Wiesloch
488:Mannheim
263:Strength
78:Location
1475:Colonel
1423:Leipzig
1406:Troppau
1394:Moravia
1390:Olomouc
1363:Silesia
1359:Lusatia
1338:in the
1336:Genthin
1262:Prelude
1225:Germany
1221:Leipzig
1173:Fehmarn
1143:Channel
1138:Dunkirk
974:Kolding
924:Dorsten
817:Leipzig
685:Steinau
635:Bamberg
587:Wolgast
577:Groenlo
536:HodonĂn
514:Humenné
483:Fleurus
463:Wimpfen
410:Bautzen
395:Lomnice
327:46 guns
293:46 guns
283:26,000
279:70 guns
269:20,000
197:†
181:†
91:Germany
2083:
2064:
2045:
2026:
1577:MÄ›lnĂk
1534:Prague
1433:Battle
1418:GĹ‚ogĂłw
1400:under
1367:GĹ‚ogĂłw
1313:Kempen
1292:Guelph
1239:under
1097:Prague
1085:Dachau
1065:Naples
1060:Triebl
999:Jankau
994:Bysjön
959:Rocroi
934:Kempen
914:Plauen
894:Salses
884:Melnik
864:Vlotho
758:Dömitz
743:Leuven
670:LĂĽtzen
625:Werben
524:Tyrnau
468:Höchst
453:JĂĽlich
400:Sablat
390:Pilsen
304:4,000
134:
124:Sweden
99:Result
87:Saxony
1616:Notes
1410:Brieg
1118:Genoa
1092:]
1055:]
1043:]
1031:]
859:]
852:Thann
842:Kallo
822:Hanau
812:Venlo
797:Somme
777:]
765:]
712:]
665:FĂĽrth
557:Breda
531:]
2081:ISBN
2062:ISBN
2043:ISBN
2024:ISBN
1581:Brno
1569:Elbe
1414:Oder
1386:Brno
1282:and
1227:. A
1203:The
1080:Lens
782:Raon
640:Rain
71:N.S.
66:Date
1392:in
1311:at
1270:in
1223:in
255:POW
2132::
1899:^
1872:^
1843:^
1780:^
1692:^
1671:^
1656:^
1641:^
1624:^
1588:.
1247:.
1090:de
1053:de
1041:de
1029:de
857:de
775:de
763:de
710:de
529:de
85:,
2089:.
2070:.
2051:.
2032:.
356:e
349:t
342:v
258:)
93:)
73:)
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
