200:
20:
196:. This work, as comprehensive as its title suggests, was compiled partly from his own observations and charts, made over 21 years of navigating in those waters, and partly from collating and summarising the journals and reports of other navigators held by the EIC. It became a standard work for navigation for over half a century, going through numerous editions, the last being the eighth in 1864.
172:
had an excellent composition pendulum, and
Horsburgh set it up in Bommbay and Canton for chronometer rating and for observations of the eclipses of the satellites of Jupiter. From April 1802 to February 1804 he recorded barometric pressure every four hours. This led to the discovery of a diurnal rise
73:
in Fife. His parents were poor, but were able to secure him an education at a local school, and he learned the basics of mathematics, book-keeping and navigation theory. He was apprenticed to Messrs. Wood, merchants of Elie. He went to sea at the age of 16 sailing from
Newcastle to Hamburg, Holland,
164:, the ship in which he had previously been first mate, sailing to China, Bengal, and Madras, as well as twice to England. During these voyages he continued to make frequent observations. When in Bombay, he purchased the astronomical clock which had been made for the expedition in search of
207:
Alexander
Dalrymple died in 1808. Two years later, Horsbrurgh was appointed as his successor in the post of hydrographer to the EIC. As hydrographer, he published many new charts. In 1816 he published
133:, hydrographer to the EIC, who published them for the use of the Company's ships. Horsburgh received a letter of thanks, and a sum of money for the purchase of nautical instruments.
360:
Memoirs of hydrography, including brief biographies of the principal officers who have served in H.M. Naval
Surveying Service between the years 1750 and 1885. Part 1. - 1750 to 1830
113:. During two voyages to China he taught himself drawing, etching and sperics, and made many observations which enabled him to construct three charts -- of the
377:
The India
Directory, Or: Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, Australia and the Interjacent Ports of Africa and South America Volume 1
395:
165:
109:
in which he became first mate. He spent the next ten years in several large ships trading between Bombay, Bengal and China. In 1791 he joined the
541:
India
Directory, Or, Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, New Holland, Cape of Good Hope, Brazil, and the Interjacent Ports
194:
India
Directory, Or, Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, New Holland, Cape of Good Hope, Brazil, and the Interjacent Ports
173:
and fall of atmospeheric pressure in the open ocean, which was much less apparent near to the land. These results were published in the
324:
192:. His proposers were A B Lambert, H Cavendish, A Dalrymple, Wm Marsden, Nevil Maskelyne and M Garthshore. In 1808, he published the
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102:. This disaster influenced him in his decision to devote himself to producing accurate charts and improving navigation skills.
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of the Royal Navy, an experienced surveyor who subsequently assisted him in preparing his works for publication.
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602:"A Geographical Description of the Spratly Islands and an Account of Hydrographic Surveys Amongst Those Islands"
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and Ostend, mainly in the coal trade. In May 1770 his ship was captured by the French, and he was imprisoned at
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545:
203:
Chart of the East Coast of China, the last chart published by
Horsburgh, with names in Chinese and English
460:
A Biographical
Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen. Supplement, Continuing the Biographies to the Present Time
199:
189:
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After his rescue from the shipwreck on Diego Garcia, he travelled to Bombay, and joined the crew of the
126:
122:
42:
639:
285:
245:
237:
276:
427:
Fry, H.T. (1967). "Early
British Interest in the Chagos Archipelago and the Maldive Islands".
294:
290:
263:'s sighting eventually become better known and led to the naming of the entire region as the
248:, the construction of which was funded by a group of British merchants in Canton, China (now
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Robert Moresby, during his survey of the Maldives in 1834, named a small atoll south of
601:
169:
476:"Abstract of observations on a diurnal variation of the barometer between the tropics"
617:
567:
553:
549:
375:
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and met Dalrymple who introduced him to a number of eminent scientists including Sir
50:
500:
A Memoir of the Late Captain Peter Heywood, R.N.: With Extracts from His Diaries and
61:, a set of sailing directions that became a standard work for over half a century.
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after James Horsburgh as a homage to his valuable previous hydrographic work.
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in the late 18th century and early 19th century. He is best-known for the
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35:
24:
91:
75:
600:
Hancox, David; Prescott, Victor (1995), Schofield, Clive (ed.),
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457:
Thomson, Thomas; Chambers, Robert (1855). "James Horsburgh".
54:
380:(Fifth ed.). London: Wm. H. Allen and Co. p. 201n.
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Horsburgh was the first to document the island now known as
480:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
211:. In 1819 he published a revised and extended edition of
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in 1805. In that year Horsburgh sailed to England on the
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In 1796 he arrived back in England as first mate of the
34:(28 September 1762 – 14 May 1836) was a
642:, a major educational resource on Scottish History.
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612:(6), UK: International Boundaries Research Unit,
209:Atmospheric Register for indicating storms at sea
647:
456:
599:
583:Mackenzie, Murdoch; Horsburgh, James (1819).
78:. After his release, he made voyages to the
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363:. Eastbourne: Henry W. Keay. p. 32-33.
181:. On this voyage his companion was Captain
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329:Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society
515:"Record: Horsburgh; James (1762 - 1836)"
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86:. On 30 May 1786, on board the EIC ship
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565:
389:
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188:In March, 1806 Horsburgh was elected a
148:. He then sailed to the West Indies in
45:, (EIC) and mapped many seaways in the
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572:. W.H. Allen and Company. p. 280.
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218:. He died in May 1836, aged 74 years.
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98:he was shipwrecked on the island of
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259:, naming it Storm Island. However,
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240:is also named after him as is the
14:
692:
633:
394:Chakravorty, Capt. Raj S (2008),
357:Dawson, Llewellyn Styles (1885).
160:. In 1798 he took command of the
129:. These charts were forwarded to
671:People from Elie and Earlsferry
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152:, there transporting troops to
569:A Memoir on the Indian Surveys
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503:. E. Wilson. pp. 176–177.
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554:Fifth Edition, 1841, Volume 2
550:Fifth Edition, 1841, Volume 1
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228:Southern Maalhosmadulhu Atoll
117:; of the western part of the
666:Fellows of the Royal Society
586:Treatise on Marine Surveying
463:. Blackie. pp. 315–318.
216:Treatise on Marine Surveying
69:James Horsburgh was born at
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190:Fellow of the Royal Society
125:, through Pitt Passage, to
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325:"James Horsburgh Obituary"
175:Philosophical Transactions
43:British East India Company
27:by Captain James Horsburgh
539:Horsburgh, James (1808).
474:Horsburgh, James (1805).
374:Horsburgh, James (1841).
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286:Hydrographer of the Navy
121:; and of the track from
246:Pedra Branca, Singapore
238:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
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681:Scottish hydrographers
676:Scottish cartographers
566:Markham, C.R. (1871).
277:Atolls of the Maldives
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168:. This clock, made by
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32:James Horsburgh F.R.S
25:'The Maldiva Islands'
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16:Scottish hydrographer
614:University of Durham
546:Second Edition, 1817
429:The Mariner's Mirror
242:Horsburgh Lighthouse
41:. He worked for the
406:(7), archived from
400:Hydro International
282:Alexander Dalrymple
213:Murdoch Mackenzie's
131:Alexander Dalrymple
497:Tagart, E (1832).
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115:Strait of Macassar
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396:"James Horsburgh"
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661:1834 deaths
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179:Cirencester
154:Puerto Rico
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650:Categories
486:: 177–185.
414:2008-12-13
311:References
166:La PĂ©rouse
250:Guangzhou
107:Gunjanwar
271:See also
170:Berthoud
158:Trinidad
84:Calcutta
36:Scottish
295:Fulhadu
291:Fehendu
236:in the
127:Batavia
92:Batavia
76:Dunkirk
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524:20 May
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222:Legacy
150:Carron
138:Carron
96:Ceylon
53:, and
49:, the
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55:China
618:ISBN
526:2024
162:Anna
156:and
144:and
111:Anna
82:and
71:Elie
65:Life
437:doi
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94:to
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