133:
151:("Epitome of plain theoretical astronomy") is an astronomical textbook describing the celestial orbs, the Earth, and their relations. It is simplified compared to other astronomical texts from the same period, in that it lacks proofs and does not discuss the distances or sizes of celestial objects. Written in the early 13th century, it started an educational tradition that lasted until the 18th. Many commentaries were written in Arabic and Persian and both commentators and copyists updated or corrected the information as time went on. A commentary written in 1412 by the mathematician
20:
5022:
3597:
Contemporary
Persian and Classical Persian are the same language, but writers since 1900 are classified as contemporary. At one time, Persian was a common cultural language of much of the non-Arabic Islamic world. Today it is the official language of
361:, 1st edition, 2 vols. (Leiden: Brill, 1889-1936). Second edition, 2 vols. (Leiden: Brill, 1943–49). Page references will be to those of the first edition, with the 2nd edition page numbers given in parentheses, p. 473 (625)
216:
393:, Persian Literature: A Bio-Bibliographical Survey. Volume II, Part 1: A. Mathematics, B. Weights and Measures, C. Astronomy and Astrology, D. Geography (London: Luzac, 1958), p. 50 no. 88.
122:
and Mīr Seyed Sharīf Gorganī. Several versified versions were also produced and considerable evidence exists of its use in medical teaching in the eastern provinces of the
Islamic world.
344:, A Catalogue of Arabic Manuscripts on Medicine and Science in the Wellcome Historical Medical Library (London: The Wellcome Historical Medical Library, 1967), pp. 56–64.
387:, Persian Medical Manuscripts at the University of California, Los Angeles: A Descriptive Catalogue, Humana Civilitas, vol. 4 (Malibu: Udena Publications, 1978), p. 28.
384:
3639:
3106:
1336:
5108:
1503:
5098:
450:
374:
341:
3973:
104:. He is sometimes confused with another Jaghmini who lived until the mid-14th century, but multiple sources show he was alive in the early 13th.
5088:
4911:
3791:
4541:
390:
347:
3700:
1551:
1427:
643:
354:. Volume II, Part 1: A. Mathematics, B. Weights and Measures, C. Astronomy and Astrology, D. Geography (London: Luzac, 1958), p. 219.
1321:
3766:
1604:
433:
5059:
4917:
3632:
1326:
337:
For a discussion of his popular epitome, the
Qanuncheh, and the use made of it by subsequent generations of medical students, see:
4690:
3648:
1127:
4445:
4466:
4216:
277:
245:
3625:
1378:
653:
885:
4991:
4170:
1518:
1229:
118:
may be indicated by the number of scholarly commentaries it produced. Two were by contemporaries of his, the scientists
4960:
4353:
4115:
1249:
633:
237:
Medieval
Pharmacotherapy - Continuity and Change: Case Studies from Ibn Sīnā and Some of His Late Medieval Commentators
4287:
152:
119:
5093:
141:
235:
5103:
4317:
4307:
1987:
1599:
1544:
991:
3568:
2999:
1265:
4175:
4110:
2639:
2150:
1659:
950:
870:
426:
5052:
4226:
2747:
940:
562:
194:
Geometrical work on Euclid's 35 propositions. Musa ibn
Muhammad Qadizade also wrote a commentary on the work.
4343:
4251:
4130:
1188:
880:
875:
728:
92:
Little of him is known beyond what is indicated by his name, that he was a native of
Jaghmin, a village in
3715:
1117:
4906:
4785:
4659:
3705:
3431:
2450:
1929:
1537:
1365:
1203:
1664:
1270:
4160:
4150:
3771:
3661:
2722:
2528:
1413:
1198:
1147:
403:
175:
3781:
132:
5078:
4427:
4008:
3892:
2752:
1679:
1623:
1122:
1041:
723:
419:
5045:
4241:
4135:
4013:
3776:
3736:
3252:
3195:
3136:
2210:
2033:
1482:
1142:
1006:
971:
804:
764:
693:
668:
480:
4231:
4246:
4195:
3857:
3847:
3786:
3517:
3121:
3116:
3101:
3012:
2512:
1399:
1345:
1301:
1183:
1046:
769:
698:
4664:
4624:
4438:
4379:
4338:
4165:
4145:
4064:
3942:
2969:
2520:
2437:
2243:
1477:
1137:
1051:
996:
895:
789:
759:
663:
4931:
4725:
4639:
4312:
4125:
4094:
4039:
3827:
3362:
3190:
3167:
3022:
2769:
1949:
1720:
1639:
1461:
1451:
1352:
1173:
779:
612:
381:, Abteilung I, Ergänzungsband vi, Abschnitt 1 (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1970), p. 154 note 4.
73:
703:
5083:
4950:
4924:
4765:
4735:
4140:
4120:
3811:
3710:
3695:
3402:
3267:
3247:
3185:
2944:
2614:
2279:
2264:
2194:
2173:
2155:
2100:
1982:
1913:
1796:
1589:
1584:
1573:
1244:
1168:
1001:
945:
587:
470:
3617:
8:
4891:
4730:
4710:
4644:
4629:
4500:
4459:
4180:
4155:
3842:
3761:
3327:
3066:
2984:
2836:
2821:
2737:
2644:
2601:
2445:
2108:
1513:
1434:
1371:
1275:
1066:
1011:
955:
854:
733:
597:
3806:
4955:
4896:
4574:
4526:
4384:
3937:
3731:
3471:
3456:
3426:
3287:
3131:
2872:
2790:
2677:
2659:
2160:
2061:
1816:
1755:
1710:
1669:
1654:
1560:
1359:
1285:
976:
678:
658:
607:
526:
500:
495:
324:
285:
265:
4986:
4981:
4855:
4715:
4256:
4190:
4185:
3902:
3537:
3476:
3382:
3347:
3332:
3317:
3228:
3091:
3004:
2964:
2949:
2867:
2862:
2775:
2682:
2634:
2376:
2228:
2165:
2018:
1962:
1791:
1634:
1061:
1036:
890:
505:
314:
273:
241:
4996:
4965:
4840:
4830:
4760:
4619:
4579:
4564:
4487:
4452:
4432:
4374:
4297:
4282:
4277:
4003:
3852:
3741:
3558:
3387:
3377:
3337:
3322:
3302:
3282:
3277:
3210:
3086:
3053:
2989:
2887:
2882:
2717:
2629:
2596:
2384:
2274:
2056:
1699:
1508:
1178:
1112:
1056:
794:
718:
648:
582:
577:
572:
442:
364:
82:
5033:
1224:
4901:
4835:
4599:
4554:
4084:
3958:
3927:
3877:
3862:
3690:
3573:
3532:
3491:
3397:
3352:
3312:
3111:
3076:
3037:
3032:
2979:
2732:
2707:
2687:
2664:
2654:
2609:
2482:
2413:
2200:
2137:
2046:
2023:
2013:
1957:
1884:
1715:
1234:
849:
638:
602:
465:
39:
3917:
266:"Jaghmīnī: Sharaf al‐Dīn Maḥmūd ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar al‐Jaghmīnī al‐Khwārizmī"
5029:
4745:
4720:
4506:
4369:
4023:
3998:
3983:
3968:
3932:
3801:
3542:
3527:
3522:
3512:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3421:
3392:
3357:
3292:
3272:
3262:
3205:
3141:
3096:
3081:
2959:
2924:
2892:
2852:
2831:
2826:
2811:
2742:
2727:
2624:
2469:
2323:
2233:
2092:
1897:
1239:
1219:
930:
839:
834:
814:
784:
743:
617:
291:
5072:
4865:
4775:
4649:
4519:
4512:
4211:
4079:
3993:
3578:
3563:
3486:
3481:
3466:
3461:
3436:
3297:
3257:
3175:
3027:
3017:
2994:
2974:
2877:
2806:
2757:
2692:
2649:
2421:
2336:
2313:
2308:
2238:
2220:
2205:
2190:
2186:
2113:
2028:
1934:
1905:
1868:
1842:
1801:
1689:
1406:
1102:
1097:
1021:
986:
809:
713:
4054:
915:
318:
4695:
4589:
4302:
4236:
4089:
3832:
3796:
3496:
3372:
3342:
3180:
3146:
3071:
3061:
2954:
2908:
2765:
2702:
2619:
2474:
2426:
2405:
2368:
2352:
2328:
2303:
2178:
2145:
1972:
1921:
1811:
1694:
1649:
1152:
1026:
844:
557:
323:. Translated by G.L. Lewis. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd. pp.
159:
4870:
4860:
4825:
4634:
4614:
4493:
4333:
4069:
4018:
3978:
3746:
3607:
3367:
3220:
3200:
3126:
2816:
2712:
2669:
2400:
1674:
1385:
1087:
1031:
683:
490:
4815:
4805:
4795:
4700:
4680:
4604:
4272:
4221:
4059:
4049:
3887:
3882:
3867:
3603:
3307:
3215:
3162:
2697:
2132:
2041:
1992:
1977:
1944:
1892:
1876:
1863:
1806:
1684:
1456:
1280:
1193:
1092:
1082:
1016:
981:
935:
920:
819:
708:
673:
552:
101:
62:
2066:
371:, Supplement, 3 vols. (Leiden: Brill, 1937-1942). vol. 1, p. 865.
19:
4850:
4790:
4569:
4348:
4292:
3963:
3897:
3872:
3756:
2259:
1785:
1594:
1529:
1392:
1132:
910:
829:
824:
774:
688:
592:
567:
547:
521:
485:
475:
178:, with his tutor A'rej Mehmed Efendi, between the years 1643-45 AD..
67:
58:
4875:
4845:
4810:
4800:
4740:
4559:
4074:
4044:
3988:
3922:
3912:
3837:
3751:
2344:
2051:
1824:
1781:
1487:
925:
905:
900:
799:
542:
411:
93:
78:
4780:
4770:
4705:
4654:
4594:
4584:
4549:
3907:
2857:
2073:
1997:
1939:
1644:
1420:
4755:
4750:
2504:
2284:
2081:
1847:
1837:
1832:
1776:
1771:
28:
4820:
4685:
4609:
2536:
2269:
1967:
738:
155:
became, in turn, the subject of numerous super-commentaries.
97:
55:
5021:
3647:
3599:
2318:
2215:
4478:
5070:
379:Die Medizin im Islam, Handbuch der Orientalistik
352:Persian Literature: A Bio-Bibliographical Survey
1600:Inscription of Xerxes the Great in Van Fortress
176:Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Ashraf al-Samarqandi
5053:
3633:
1545:
427:
644:Abu Bakr Rabee Ibn Ahmad Al-Akhawyni Bokhari
313:
297:
270:The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers
233:
214:
170:, together with another astronomical work,
31:by al-Jaghmini (from a private collection).
5060:
5046:
3640:
3626:
1605:Achaemenid inscription in the Kharg Island
1552:
1538:
434:
420:
5109:Astronomers of the medieval Islamic world
3606:and one of the two official languages of
1428:Commentary on Anatomy in Avicenna's Canon
162:, in his biographic account contained in
158:The celebrated Ottoman-Turkish historian
5099:Physicians of the medieval Islamic world
268:. In Thomas Hockey; et al. (eds.).
131:
36:Mahmūd ibn Muḥammad ibn Umar al-Jaghmini
18:
3649:Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world
1128:Najm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas al-Shirazi
5071:
5028:This article about an astronomer is a
4446:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity
3792:Khalid ibn Abd al‐Malik al‐Marwarrudhi
1559:
300:, pp. 141, 154, Balance of Truth.
272:. New York: Springer. pp. 584–5.
221:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
5089:14th-century Persian-language writers
4467:The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries
4405:
3659:
3621:
2566:
1737:
1621:
1571:
1533:
415:
263:
16:Arab physician, astronomer and author
5016:
4416:
1379:Book of the Ten Treatises of the Eye
441:
369:Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur
359:Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur
259:
257:
215:Suter, H.; Vernet, J. (2012-04-24).
1230:Abul Qasim ibn Mohammed al-Ghassani
43:
13:
234:Paavilainen, Helena (2009-09-24).
14:
5120:
1640:Counsels of Adurbad-e Mahrspandan
654:Abu Sahl 'Isa ibn Yahya al-Masihi
254:
166:, mentions reading al-Jaghmini's
142:Khalili Collection of Islamic Art
5020:
3673:
2567:
992:Amin al-Din Rashid al-Din Vatvat
89:(Summary), a work on astronomy.
4171:Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al‐Farisi
3660:
3569:Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Parizi
3000:Mohammad Hanif (Iranian writer)
1266:Qiwam al-Din Muhammad al-Hasani
1250:Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf
332:
4660:Schema for horizontal sundials
4176:Abu Ali al-Hasan al-Marrakushi
3701:Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī
2640:Mahmoud Mosharraf Azad Tehrani
1660:Karnamak-i Artaxshir-i Papakan
871:Abu Jafar ibn Harun al-Turjali
227:
208:
188:
1:
2748:Mohammad-Reza Shafiei Kadkani
1988:Abu'l Hasan Mihyar al-Daylami
1738:
941:Muhammad ibn Aslam Al-Ghafiqi
563:Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari
201:
125:
54:, was a 13th or 14th-century
44:محمود بن محمد بن عمر الجغميني
5032:. You can help Knowledge by
4918:Constantinople (Taqi al-Din)
1189:Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Harawi
977:Abraham ben Moses ben Maimon
881:Abu al-Majd ibn Abi al-Hakam
876:Abu al-Bayan ibn al-Mudawwar
729:Mohammed ibn Abdun al-Jabali
634:'Ali ibn al-'Abbas al-Majusi
7:
4907:University of al-Qarawiyyin
4111:Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi
2451:Mohammad Qoli Salim Tehrani
1366:Anatomy Charts of the Arabs
951:Ya'qub ibn Ishaq al-Israili
397:
107:
10:
5125:
5015:
4406:
4151:Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi
2529:Mirza Mohammad Taqi Sepehr
1622:
1414:Kamel al-Sanaat al-Tibbyya
1199:Shaykh Muhammad ibn Thaleb
1148:Yusuf ibn Ismail al-Kutubi
404:List of Iranian scientists
307:
149:al-Mulakhkhas fi al-Hay’ah
138:al-Mulakhkhas fi al-Hay’ah
25:al-Mulakhkhas fi al-hay'ah
4992:Medieval European science
4974:
4943:
4884:
4673:
4540:
4476:
4423:
4412:
4401:
4362:
4326:
4265:
4252:Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar
4204:
4103:
4032:
4009:Ibrahim ibn Said al-Sahli
3951:
3820:
3724:
3683:
3672:
3668:
3655:
3595:
3551:
3505:
3411:
3237:
3155:
3046:
2937:
2917:
2901:
2845:
2799:
2783:
2753:Mohammad-Hossein Shahriar
2590:
2577:
2573:
2562:
2497:
2462:
2393:
2361:
2296:
2289:Emad al-Din Faqih Kermani
2252:
2125:
2006:
1856:
1764:
1748:
1744:
1733:
1680:Shahrestanha-ye Eranshahr
1630:
1617:
1580:
1567:
1496:
1470:
1444:
1335:
1314:
1294:
1258:
1212:
1161:
1123:Muhammad ibn Mahmud Amuli
1118:Mas‘ud ibn Muhammad Sijzi
1075:
1042:Joseph ben Judah of Ceuta
964:
886:Abu'l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī
863:
752:
724:Isaac Israeli ben Solomon
626:
535:
514:
458:
449:
5094:14th-century astronomers
4242:Nizam al-Din al-Nisapuri
4136:Muhyi al-Din al-Maghribi
3777:Ali ibn Isa al-Asturlabi
3168:Mirza Fatali Akhundzadeh
2211:Zartosht Bahram e Pazhdo
2034:Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi
1930:Fakhruddin As'ad Gurgani
1590:Old Persian inscriptions
1483:Ancient Iranian medicine
1271:Abd El Razzaq Al-Jazaïri
1143:Sadid al-Din al-Kazaruni
1007:Hussam al-Din al-Jarrahi
972:Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi
795:Ammar ibn Ali al-Mawsili
694:Al-Tamimi, the physician
481:Ibn Abi Ramtha al-Tamimi
264:Ragep, Sally P. (2007).
181:
77:) a short epitome of by
5104:14th-century physicians
4344:Baha' al-din al-'Amili
4318:'Abd al-'Aziz al-Wafa'i
4196:Fakhr al-Din al-Akhlati
4116:Ibn al‐Ha'im al‐Ishbili
3518:Houshang Moradi Kermani
3122:Houshang Moradi Kermani
3117:Jaafar Modarres-Sadeghi
3102:Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh
3013:Zeyn al-Abedin Maraghei
2513:Zayn al-Abidin Shirvani
2487:Abbas Foroughi Bastami
1572:
1435:Lives of the Physicians
1400:Zakhireye Khwarazmshahi
1346:Al-Risalah al-Dhahabiah
1302:Al-Khurasani al-Shirazi
1184:Muhammad Ali Astarabadi
1047:Najib ad-Din Samarqandi
770:Abu al-Hakam al-Kirmani
699:Eutychius of Alexandria
674:Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi
4625:Navigational astrolabe
4380:Al Achsasi al Mouakket
4146:Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
4065:Al-Samawal al-Maghribi
4014:Ibn Mu'adh al-Jayyani
3943:Abu al-Hasan al-Ahwazi
2970:Ghassem Hashemi Nezhad
2521:Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat
2142:Shams al-Din Qays Razi
1885:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari
1478:Ancient Greek medicine
1138:Rashid-al-Din Hamadani
1052:Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
896:Al-Samawal al-Maghribi
790:Ali ibn Yusuf al-Ilaqi
760:Abdollah ibn Bukhtishu
664:Abu al-Hasan al-Tabari
144:
114:The popularity of the
32:
4961:Hellenistic astronomy
4932:Samarkand (Ulugh Beg)
4726:Deferent and epicycle
4126:Alam al-Din al-Hanafi
4095:Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi
3737:Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi
3506:Children's literature
3363:Rasoul Mollagholipour
3253:Rakhshan Bani-E'temad
3196:Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi
3191:Alireza Koushk Jalali
3137:Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi
3023:Shahriyar Mandanipour
2265:Shah Ni'matullah Wali
2109:Kamal al-Din Esfahani
1950:Ayn-al-Quzat Hamadani
1721:Shikand-gumanig Vizar
1704:Anthology of Zadspram
1462:Nur al-Din Bimaristan
1353:The Canon of Medicine
1174:Burhan-ud-din Kermani
780:Ali ibn Isa al-Kahhal
765:Abu 'Ubayd al-Juzjani
669:Abu al-Qasim Muqane'i
613:Yuhanna ibn Bukhtishu
385:Lutz Richter-Bernburg
135:
74:The Canon of Medicine
22:
4951:Babylonian astronomy
4766:Gravitational energy
4141:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
4131:Najm al‐Din al‐Misri
3812:Yahya ibn Abi Mansur
3711:Mashallah ibn Athari
3696:Al-Fadl ibn Naubakht
3403:Sohrab Shahid-Saless
3268:Pouran Derakhshandeh
3248:Mohammad Reza Aslani
3186:Amir Reza Koohestani
2945:Ali Mohammad Afghani
2615:Mohammad Reza Aslani
2544:Mahmud Saba Kashani
2280:Fazlallah Astarabadi
2156:Afdal al-Din Kashani
2151:Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī
2101:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
1983:Afdal al-Din Kashani
1797:Abu Tahir Khosrovani
1585:Behistun Inscription
1245:Sultan Ali Khorasani
946:Serapion the Younger
588:Jabril ibn Bukhtishu
471:Al-Harith ibn Kalada
4892:Al-Azhar University
4711:Celestial mechanics
4501:Book of Fixed Stars
4460:The Book of Healing
4439:Aja'ib al-Makhluqat
4181:Ibn Ishaq al-Tunisi
4156:Zakariya al-Qazwini
3767:Al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf
3762:Abu Hanifa Dinawari
3328:Varuzh Karim-Masihi
3067:Abolhassan Etessami
2985:Mahmoud Dowlatabadi
2837:Abdul Ali Mustaghni
2822:Khalilullah Khalili
2762:Manouchehr Sheybani
2738:Tahereh Saffarzadeh
2645:Mohammad-Taqi Bahar
2602:Mehdi Akhavan-Sales
2244:Zu'l-Fiqar Shirvani
2089:Faramarz-e Khodadad
1675:Shabuhragan of Mani
1514:Medical Renaissance
1372:The Book of Healing
1276:Qurayshi al-Shirazi
1067:Zakariya al-Qazwini
956:Zayn al-Din Gorgani
598:Salmawaih ibn Bunan
4956:Egyptian astronomy
4897:House of Knowledge
4575:Astronomical clock
4385:Muhammad al-Rudani
3782:Banū Mūsā brothers
3732:Abu Ali al-Khayyat
3472:Ebrahim Pourdavoud
3457:Ahmad Kamyabi Mask
3427:Najaf Daryabandari
3288:Behrouz Gharibpour
3132:Shahrnush Parsipur
3107:Aboutorab Khosravi
3009:Aboutorab Khosravi
2873:Gulrukhsor Safieva
2791:Edward Haghverdian
2455:Rasa Salim Tehrani
2174:Abu'l Majd Tabrizi
2161:Fakhr-al-Din Iraqi
1817:Abusaeid Abolkheir
1756:Muhammad ibn Wasif
1711:Zand-i Wahman yasn
1670:Dana-i Menog Khrat
1655:Book of Arda Viraf
1561:Persian literature
1452:Al-'Adudi Hospital
1360:Tacuinum Sanitatis
1286:Maqsud-Ali Tabrizi
805:Badi' al-Asturlabi
704:Ibn Abi al-Ashʿath
679:Abu ul-Ala Shirazi
659:Abu Zayd al-Balkhi
608:Yahya ibn Sarafyun
501:Rufaida Al-Aslamia
496:Nafi ibn al-Harith
357:Carl Brockelmann,
217:"al-D̲j̲ag̲h̲mīnī"
145:
65:and author of the
33:
5041:
5040:
5013:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5005:
5004:
4987:Chinese astronomy
4982:Byzantine science
4856:Temporal finitism
4786:Islamic cosmology
4716:Celestial spheres
4536:
4535:
4428:Arabic star names
4397:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4257:Fathullah Shirazi
4191:Al-Ashraf Umar II
3903:Ibrahim ibn Sinan
3706:Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī
3615:
3614:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3538:Farhad Hasanzadeh
3477:Hamid Samandarian
3418:Amrollah Abjadian
3383:Fereydoun Rahnema
3348:Mohsen Makhmalbaf
3333:Samuel Khachikian
3318:Ebrahim Hatamikia
3229:Mohammad Yaghoubi
3225:Mirza Aqa Tabrizi
3092:Houshang Golshiri
3005:Houshang Golshiri
2965:Mahshid Amirshahi
2950:Ghazaleh Alizadeh
2933:
2932:
2868:Abolqasem Lahouti
2863:Iskandar Khatloni
2776:Fereydoon Moshiri
2723:Mohammad Mokhtari
2683:Forugh Farrokhzad
2635:Manouchehr Atashi
2558:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2533:
2525:
2517:
2509:
2490:
2479:
2442:
2438:Abdul-Qādir Bēdil
2431:
2418:
2410:
2381:
2377:Muhtasham Kashani
2373:
2349:
2341:
2333:
2229:Nozhat al-Majales
2225:
2183:
2170:
2166:Mahmud Shabistari
2133:Abu Tahir Tarsusi
2118:
2105:
2097:
2086:
2078:
2070:
2038:
2019:Suzani Samarqandi
1963:Abu-al-Faraj Runi
1954:
1926:
1918:
1914:Masud Sa'd Salman
1910:
1902:
1889:
1881:
1873:
1829:
1821:
1792:Abu Shakur Balkhi
1729:
1728:
1665:Cube of Zoroaster
1635:Ayadgar-i Zariran
1613:
1612:
1527:
1526:
1519:Medieval medicine
1310:
1309:
1169:Abu Sa'id al-Afif
1002:Da'ud Abu al-Fadl
891:Ahmad ibn Farrokh
506:Zaynab al-Awadiya
298:Kâtip Çelebi 1957
279:978-0-387-31022-0
247:978-90-474-2450-5
153:Qāḍī Zāda al-Rūmī
5116:
5079:Astronomer stubs
5062:
5055:
5048:
5024:
5017:
4997:Indian astronomy
4966:Indian astronomy
4934:
4927:
4920:
4841:Sublunary sphere
4831:Specific gravity
4731:Earth's rotation
4620:Mural instrument
4565:Armillary sphere
4488:Alfonsine tables
4453:Tabula Rogeriana
4433:Islamic calendar
4421:
4420:
4414:
4413:
4403:
4402:
4298:Sibt al-Maridini
4283:Jamshid al-Kashi
4004:Said al-Andalusi
3807:Thābit ibn Qurra
3742:Abu Said Gorgani
3716:Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq
3670:
3669:
3657:
3656:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3619:
3618:
3559:Aydin Aghdashloo
3388:Rasul Sadr Ameli
3378:Kambuzia Partovi
3338:Abbas Kiarostami
3323:Abdolreza Kahani
3303:Ebrahim Golestan
3283:Farrokh Ghaffari
3278:Bahman Farmanara
3211:Abbas Nalbandian
3087:Ebrahim Golestan
3054:Jalal Al-e-Ahmad
2990:Soudabeh Fazaeli
2888:Mirzo Tursunzoda
2883:Payrav Sulaymoni
2718:Shams Langeroodi
2674:Parviz Eslampour
2630:Aminollah Rezaei
2597:Ahmadreza Ahmadi
2588:
2587:
2575:
2574:
2564:
2563:
2545:
2539:
2531:
2523:
2515:
2507:
2488:
2477:
2446:Naw'i Khabushani
2440:
2429:
2416:
2408:
2379:
2371:
2347:
2339:
2331:
2275:Abu Ali Qalandar
2223:
2181:
2168:
2116:
2103:
2095:
2084:
2076:
2064:
2057:Najm al-Din Razi
2036:
1952:
1924:
1916:
1908:
1900:
1887:
1879:
1871:
1827:
1819:
1746:
1745:
1735:
1734:
1700:Dadestan-i Denig
1619:
1618:
1569:
1568:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1531:
1530:
1509:Learned medicine
1504:Ibn Sina Academy
1204:Şerafeddin Kadir
1179:Husayni Isfahani
1113:Mansur ibn Ilyas
1057:Rashidun al-Suri
936:Moshe ben Maimon
719:Ibrahim ibn Baks
649:Abu Bakr al-Razi
583:Jabir ibn Hayyan
578:Ishaq ibn Hunayn
573:Hunayn ibn Ishaq
456:
455:
443:Islamic medicine
436:
429:
422:
413:
412:
365:Carl Brockelmann
328:
320:Balance of Truth
301:
295:
289:
283:
261:
252:
251:
231:
225:
224:
212:
195:
192:
172:Ashkal al-ta'sis
45:
23:A manuscript of
5124:
5123:
5119:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5114:
5113:
5069:
5068:
5067:
5066:
5014:
5001:
4970:
4939:
4930:
4923:
4916:
4902:House of Wisdom
4880:
4836:Spherical Earth
4669:
4600:Equatorial ring
4580:Celestial globe
4555:Analog computer
4532:
4527:Sullam al-sama'
4472:
4408:
4389:
4358:
4322:
4261:
4200:
4099:
4085:Jabir ibn Aflah
4028:
3959:Abu Nasr Mansur
3947:
3928:Abolfadl Harawi
3863:Ahmad ibn Yusuf
3816:
3720:
3691:Ahmad Nahavandi
3679:
3664:
3651:
3646:
3616:
3611:
3583:
3574:Ehsan Yarshater
3547:
3533:Poopak NikTalab
3501:
3492:Ahmad Tafazzoli
3407:
3398:Parviz Shahbazi
3353:Dariush Mehrjui
3313:Abolfazl Jalili
3233:
3151:
3112:Mostafa Mastoor
3077:Simin Daneshvar
3042:
3038:Iraj Pezeshkzad
3033:Mansour Koushan
2980:Simin Daneshvar
2929:
2913:
2897:
2841:
2795:
2779:
2770:She'r-e Nimaa'i
2733:Yadollah Royaee
2708:Siavash Kasraie
2688:Hossein Monzavi
2678:Parvin E'tesami
2665:Hushang Ebtehaj
2655:Simin Behbahani
2610:Qeysar Aminpour
2586:
2569:
2550:
2493:
2483:Neshat Esfahani
2458:
2414:Asir-e Esfahani
2389:
2357:
2292:
2248:
2201:Bahram-e-Pazhdo
2138:Awhadi Maraghai
2121:
2047:Falaki Shirvani
2024:Hassan Ghaznavi
2002:
1998:Mahsati Ganjavi
1958:Uthman Mukhtari
1852:
1760:
1740:
1725:
1716:Drakht-i Asurig
1626:
1609:
1576:
1563:
1558:
1528:
1523:
1492:
1466:
1440:
1331:
1306:
1290:
1254:
1235:Dawud al-Antaki
1208:
1157:
1071:
1012:Ibn Abi Usaibia
960:
859:
850:Jonah ibn Janah
748:
639:Aayon Ibn Aayon
622:
603:Shapur ibn Sahl
531:
510:
466:Abu Hafsa Yazid
445:
440:
409:
400:
375:Manfred Ullmann
335:
310:
305:
304:
296:
292:
280:
262:
255:
248:
232:
228:
213:
209:
204:
199:
198:
193:
189:
184:
164:Sullam al-Wusūl
130:
120:Ghazī Zade Rūmi
112:
100:), current day
17:
12:
11:
5:
5122:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5065:
5064:
5057:
5050:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5025:
5011:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4978:
4976:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4947:
4945:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4928:
4921:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4888:
4886:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4746:Elliptic orbit
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4721:Circular orbit
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4677:
4675:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4546:
4544:
4538:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4507:Toledan Tables
4504:
4497:
4490:
4484:
4482:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4463:
4456:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4430:
4424:
4418:
4410:
4409:
4399:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4370:Yang Guangxian
4366:
4364:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4269:
4267:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4208:
4206:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4024:Ali ibn Khalaf
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3999:Kushyar Gilani
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3969:Ali ibn Ridwan
3966:
3961:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3933:Haseb-i Tabari
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3802:Sahl ibn Bishr
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3666:
3665:
3653:
3652:
3645:
3644:
3637:
3630:
3622:
3613:
3612:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3543:Ramak NikTalab
3540:
3535:
3530:
3528:Hengameh Mofid
3525:
3523:Babak NikTalab
3520:
3515:
3513:Samad Behrangi
3509:
3507:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3452:Saleh Hosseini
3449:
3447:Ramak NikTalab
3444:
3442:Sadegh Hedayat
3439:
3434:
3432:Mohammad Ghazi
3429:
3424:
3422:Jaleh Amouzgar
3419:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3393:Mohammad Sadri
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3358:Reza Mirkarimi
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3293:Bahman Ghobadi
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3273:Asghar Farhadi
3270:
3265:
3263:Hajir Darioush
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3206:Hengameh Mofid
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3172:Mohsen Yalfani
3170:
3165:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3142:Bahram Sadeghi
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3097:Sadegh Hedayat
3094:
3089:
3084:
3082:Nader Ebrahimi
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3056:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2960:Reza Amirkhani
2957:
2952:
2947:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2925:Muhammad Iqbal
2921:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2893:Satim Ulugzade
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2853:Sadriddin Ayni
2849:
2847:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2832:Massoud Nawabi
2829:
2827:Youssof Kohzad
2824:
2819:
2814:
2812:Wasef Bakhtari
2809:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2773:
2763:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2743:Sohrab Sepehri
2740:
2735:
2730:
2728:Nosrat Rahmani
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2625:Ahmad NikTalab
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2606:Hormoz Alipour
2604:
2599:
2594:
2592:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2571:
2570:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2542:
2534:
2526:
2518:
2510:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2485:
2480:
2472:
2470:Hatef Esfahani
2466:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2435:
2432:
2424:
2419:
2417:(c. 1620–1648)
2411:
2403:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2374:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2342:
2334:
2326:
2324:Kamal Khujandi
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2234:Khwaju Kermani
2231:
2226:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2184:
2176:
2171:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2140:
2135:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2111:
2106:
2098:
2093:Nizami Ganjavi
2090:
2087:
2079:
2071:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1919:
1911:
1903:
1898:Qatran Tabrizi
1895:
1890:
1882:
1874:
1866:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1822:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1779:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1752:
1750:
1742:
1741:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1650:Book of Jamasp
1647:
1642:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1565:
1564:
1557:
1556:
1549:
1542:
1534:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1341:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1240:Hakim-e-Gilani
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1220:Rostam Gorgani
1216:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1062:Sa'ad al-Dawla
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
968:
966:
962:
961:
959:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
931:Ibn al-Tilmīdh
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
867:
865:
861:
860:
858:
857:
852:
847:
842:
840:Ibn al-Kattani
837:
835:Ibn al-Haytham
832:
827:
822:
817:
815:Ibn Al-Thahabi
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
785:Ali ibn Ridwan
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
756:
754:
750:
749:
747:
746:
744:Qusta ibn Luqa
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
630:
628:
624:
623:
621:
620:
618:Yusuf al-Khuri
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
539:
537:
533:
532:
530:
529:
527:Ja'ar al-Sadiq
524:
518:
516:
512:
511:
509:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
462:
460:
453:
447:
446:
439:
438:
431:
424:
416:
407:
406:
399:
396:
395:
394:
388:
382:
372:
362:
355:
345:
342:A. Z. Iskandar
334:
331:
330:
329:
309:
306:
303:
302:
290:
278:
253:
246:
226:
206:
205:
203:
200:
197:
196:
186:
185:
183:
180:
136:Manuscript of
129:
124:
111:
106:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5121:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5063:
5058:
5056:
5051:
5049:
5044:
5043:
5037:
5035:
5031:
5026:
5023:
5019:
5018:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4973:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4942:
4933:
4929:
4926:
4922:
4919:
4915:
4914:
4913:
4912:Observatories
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4883:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4866:Triangulation
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4776:Heliocentrism
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4672:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4650:Shadow square
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4543:
4539:
4529:
4528:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4520:Zij-i Sultani
4517:
4515:
4514:
4513:Zij-i Ilkhani
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4498:
4496:
4495:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4422:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4404:
4400:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4361:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4288:Kadızade Rumi
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4264:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4212:Ibn al-Shatir
4210:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4186:Ibn al‐Raqqam
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4080:Ibn al-Kammad
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3994:Ibn al-Saffar
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3643:
3638:
3636:
3631:
3629:
3624:
3623:
3620:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3594:
3580:
3579:Ahmad Kasravi
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3564:Ali Latifiyan
3562:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3487:Jafar Shahidi
3485:
3483:
3482:Jalal Sattari
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3467:Mohammad Moin
3465:
3463:
3462:Ahmad Shamlou
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3437:Lili Golestan
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3298:Fereydun Gole
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3258:Bahram Beyzai
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:Saeed Aghighi
3243:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3176:Bahram Beyzai
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:Short stories
3045:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3028:Abbas Maroufi
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3018:Ahmad Mahmoud
3016:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2995:Reza Ghassemi
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2975:Reza Baraheni
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2878:Loiq Sher-Ali
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2807:Nadia Anjuman
2805:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2758:Ahmad Shamlou
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2693:Hushang Irani
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2650:Reza Baraheni
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2561:
2543:
2538:
2535:
2530:
2527:
2522:
2519:
2514:
2511:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2422:Kalim Kashani
2420:
2415:
2412:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2385:'Orfi Shirazi
2383:
2378:
2375:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2346:
2343:
2338:
2335:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2309:Salman Savaji
2307:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2239:Badr Shirvani
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2222:
2221:Homam Tabrizi
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2206:Pur-Baha Jami
2204:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2115:
2114:Shams Tabrizi
2112:
2110:
2107:
2102:
2099:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2083:
2080:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2029:Faramarz Nama
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1935:Ahmad Ghazali
1933:
1931:
1928:
1923:
1920:
1915:
1912:
1907:
1906:Nizam al-Mulk
1904:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1886:
1883:
1878:
1875:
1870:
1869:Nasir Khusraw
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1843:Kisai Marvazi
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1826:
1823:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1802:Shahid Balkhi
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1736:
1732:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1690:Menog-i Khrad
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1543:
1541:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1407:Adab al-Tabib
1404:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1322:Ophthalmology
1320:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1225:ʽImad Shirazi
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1103:Ibn al-Khatib
1101:
1099:
1098:Ibn al-Akfani
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1037:Ibn al‐Raqqam
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1022:Ibn al-Baitar
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
987:Al-Shahrazuri
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
969:
967:
963:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
868:
866:
862:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
810:Ibn Abi Sadiq
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
757:
755:
751:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
714:Ibn al-Jazzar
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
631:
629:
625:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
540:
538:
534:
528:
525:
523:
520:
519:
517:
513:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
463:
461:
457:
454:
452:
448:
444:
437:
432:
430:
425:
423:
418:
417:
414:
410:
405:
402:
401:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
376:
373:
370:
366:
363:
360:
356:
353:
349:
346:
343:
340:
339:
338:
326:
322:
321:
316:
312:
311:
299:
294:
287:
281:
275:
271:
267:
260:
258:
249:
243:
239:
238:
230:
222:
218:
211:
207:
191:
187:
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
156:
154:
150:
143:
139:
134:
128:
123:
121:
117:
110:
105:
103:
99:
95:
90:
88:
84:
80:
76:
75:
70:
69:
64:
60:
57:
53:
49:
48:al-Chaghmīnī'
41:
37:
30:
26:
21:
5034:expanding it
5027:
4885:Institutions
4736:Eccentricity
4696:Astrophysics
4590:Compass rose
4525:
4518:
4511:
4499:
4492:
4477:
4465:
4458:
4451:
4444:
4437:
4303:Ibn al-Majdi
4278:Abd al‐Wajid
4237:Al-Wabkanawi
4232:Abū al‐ʿUqūl
4121:Jamal ad-Din
4090:Omar Khayyam
3918:Al-ʻIjliyyah
3893:Aṣ-Ṣaidanānī
3878:Ibn al-A'lam
3797:Al-Khwarizmi
3497:Abbas Zaryab
3373:Jafar Panahi
3343:Majid Majidi
3181:Bahman Forsi
3147:Goli Taraqqi
3072:Javad Mojabi
3062:Sadeq Chubak
3058:Shamim Bahar
2955:Bozorg Alavi
2909:Asad Gulzoda
2766:Nima Yooshij
2703:Bijan Jalali
2620:Aref Qazvini
2568:Contemporary
2505:Mirza Ghalib
2475:Azar Bigdeli
2434:Saba Kashani
2427:Hazin Lāhiji
2406:Saib Tabrizi
2369:Vahshi Bafqi
2353:Baba Faghani
2329:Ahli Shirazi
2304:Ubayd Zakani
2179:Amir Khusrau
2169:(1288–1320s)
2146:Sultan Walad
1973:Banu Goshasp
1922:Omar Khayyam
1812:Rabia Balkhi
1695:Jamasp Namag
1433:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1295:18th century
1259:17th century
1213:16th century
1162:15th century
1153:Zayn-e-Attar
1107:
1076:14th century
1027:Ibn al-Nafis
965:13th century
864:12th century
845:Ibn al-Wafid
753:11th century
627:10th century
558:Ali al-Ridha
408:
378:
368:
358:
351:
336:
333:Bibliography
319:
315:Kâtip Çelebi
293:
269:
236:
229:
220:
210:
190:
171:
167:
163:
160:Haji Khalifa
157:
148:
146:
137:
126:
115:
113:
108:
91:
86:
72:
66:
51:
47:
35:
34:
24:
5084:1344 deaths
4871:Tusi couple
4861:Trepidation
4826:Salah times
4761:Geocentrism
4635:Planisphere
4615:Graph paper
4542:Instruments
4494:Huihui Lifa
4375:Ehmedê Xanî
4334:Al-Birjandi
4313:al-Kubunani
4070:Abu al-Salt
4019:Al-Isfizari
3979:Ibn al-Samh
3858:Abu al-Wafa
3843:al-Khojandi
3747:Al-Farghani
3662:Astronomers
3608:Afghanistan
3412:Translators
3368:Amir Naderi
3238:Screenplays
3221:Pari Saberi
3201:Bijan Mofid
3127:Bijan Najdi
2817:Raziq Faani
2800:Afghanistan
2713:Esmail Khoi
2670:Bijan Elahi
2546:(1813–1893)
2540:(1808–1854)
2532:(1801–1880)
2524:(1800–1871)
2516:(1779–1837)
2508:(1797–1869)
2489:(1798–1857)
2478:(1722–1781)
2441:(1642–1720)
2430:(1692–1766)
2409:(1607–1670)
2401:Taleb Amoli
2380:(1500–1588)
2372:(1523–1583)
2348:(1487–1524)
2340:(1483–1556)
2332:(1454–1535)
2224:(1238–1314)
2182:(1253–1325)
2104:(1149–1209)
2096:(1141–1209)
2085:(1126–1189)
2077:(1120–1190)
2037:(1155–1191)
1953:(1098–1131)
1925:(1048–1131)
1917:(1046–1121)
1909:(1018–1092)
1901:(1009–1072)
1888:(1006–1088)
1880:(1058–1111)
1872:(1004–1088)
1707:Warshtmansr
1386:De Gradibus
1032:Ibn al-Quff
536:9th century
515:8th century
491:Masarjawaih
459:7th century
391:C.A. Storey
348:C.A. Storey
286:PDF version
52:al-Jaghmini
27:written in
5073:Categories
4975:Influenced
4944:Influences
4816:Precession
4796:Multiverse
4701:Axial tilt
4681:Almucantar
4665:Triquetrum
4605:Equatorium
4354:Takiyüddin
4227:al-Battiwi
4222:Ibn Shuayb
4217:Al-Khalili
4060:Al-Khazini
4055:Al-Kharaqī
4050:Ibn Tufail
4040:Al-Bitruji
3974:Al-Zarqālī
3938:al-Majriti
3888:Al-Saghani
3883:Al-Nayrizi
3868:al-Battani
3787:Iranshahri
3772:Al-Marwazi
3676:by century
3604:Tajikistan
3308:Ali Hatami
3216:Akbar Radi
3163:Reza Abdoh
2902:Uzbekistan
2846:Tajikistan
2698:Iraj Mirza
2042:Adib Sabir
1978:Borzu-Nama
1945:Manuchehri
1893:Asadi Tusi
1877:Al-Ghazali
1864:Bābā Tāher
1828:(980–1037)
1820:(967–1049)
1685:Bundahishn
1497:Influenced
1471:Influences
1457:Bimarestan
1327:Psychology
1281:Tunakabuni
1194:Nurbakhshi
1093:Ibn Shuayb
1083:Al-Nagawri
1017:Ibn Tumlus
997:As-Suwaydi
982:Al-Dakhwar
921:Ibn Tufayl
916:Ibn Jumay‘
820:Ibn Butlan
709:Ibn Juljul
684:Al-Kaŝkarī
553:Albubather
451:Physicians
202:References
127:Mulakhkhas
102:Uzbekistan
87:Mulakhkhas
63:astronomer
4851:Supernova
4806:Obliquity
4791:Moonlight
4691:Astrology
4570:Astrolabe
4349:Piri Reis
4339:al-Khafri
4308:al-Wafa'i
4293:Ulugh Beg
4273:Ali Kuşçu
4247:al-Jadiri
4166:al-Abhari
3964:al-Biruni
3898:Ibn Yunus
3873:Al-Qabisi
3848:al-Khazin
3757:Al-Mahani
3552:Essayists
2260:Ibn Yamin
1786:Shahnameh
1739:Classical
1595:Ganjnameh
1393:Al-Tasrif
1133:Nakhshabi
911:Ibn Habal
830:Ibn Jazla
825:Ibn Hindu
775:Al-Biruni
689:Al-Natili
593:Masawaiyh
568:Bukhtishu
548:Al-Ruhawi
522:Bukhtishu
486:Ibn Uthal
476:Bukhtishu
240:. BRILL.
116:Qanunshah
68:Qanunshah
59:physician
4925:Maragheh
4876:Universe
4846:Sunlight
4811:Parallax
4801:Muwaqqit
4741:Ecliptic
4674:Concepts
4640:Quadrant
4560:Aperture
4075:Averroes
4045:Avempace
3989:Avicenna
3923:Nastulus
3913:al-Sijzi
3838:Al-Adami
3752:Al-Kindi
2918:Pakistan
2660:Dehkhoda
2345:Ismail I
2195:Golestān
2117:(d.1248)
2014:Iranshah
1825:Avicenna
1782:Ferdowsi
1488:Ayurveda
1315:Concepts
1108:Jaghmini
1088:Aqsara'i
926:Ibn Zuhr
906:Averroes
901:Avempace
855:Masawaih
800:Avicenna
734:Muvaffak
543:Al-Kindi
398:See also
317:(1957).
168:Mulakhas
109:Qanunche
94:Khwarezm
79:Avicenna
4781:Inertia
4771:Gravity
4706:Azimuth
4655:Sundial
4645:Sextant
4595:Dioptra
4585:Compass
4550:Alidade
4161:al-Urdi
3984:Alhazen
3908:Ma Yize
3853:al-Qūhī
3828:al-Sufi
2858:Farzona
2784:Armenia
2074:Khaqani
1993:Mu'izzi
1940:Hujwiri
1807:Bal'ami
1645:Dēnkard
1445:Centers
1421:Al-Hawi
308:Sources
140:in the
83:Persian
4756:Galaxy
4751:Equant
4686:Apogee
4630:Octant
4407:Topics
2938:Novels
2578:Poetry
2337:Fuzuli
2314:Hatefi
2285:Nasimi
2191:Bustan
2082:Anvari
2067:c.1220
2065:(1142–
1848:Ayyuqi
1838:Asjadi
1833:Unsuri
1777:Daqiqi
1772:Rudaki
1624:Middle
327:, 154.
276:
244:
85:, and
46:) or '
40:Arabic
29:Arabic
4821:Qibla
4610:Globe
4417:Works
3156:Plays
2537:Qaani
2498:1800s
2463:1700s
2394:1600s
2362:1500s
2297:1400s
2270:Hafez
2253:1300s
2187:Saadi
2126:1200s
2062:Attar
2052:Am'aq
2007:1100s
1968:Sanai
1857:1000s
1337:Works
739:Qumri
182:Notes
98:Khiva
50:, or
5030:stub
4363:17th
4327:16th
4266:15th
4205:14th
4104:13th
4033:12th
3952:11th
3821:10th
3600:Iran
2591:Iran
2319:Jami
2216:Rumi
1765:900s
1749:800s
274:ISBN
242:ISBN
147:The
56:Arab
4479:Zij
3833:Ibn
3725:9th
3684:8th
1574:Old
325:141
174:by
81:in
5075::
3602:,
2193:/
377:,
367:,
350:,
256:^
219:.
61:,
42::
5061:e
5054:t
5047:v
5036:.
3641:e
3634:t
3627:v
3610:.
2772:)
2768:(
2197:)
2189:(
2069:)
1788:)
1784:(
1553:e
1546:t
1539:v
435:e
428:t
421:v
288:)
284:(
282:.
250:.
223:.
96:(
71:(
38:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
