31:
124:, Abu Dharr al-Ghifari (d. AD 651), introduced Shi'ism to the area. Although there is frequent occurrence of this account in many religious sources, it is largely dismissed in academia, and historical sources suggest Shia Islam largely developed in Jabal Amil between the mid-8th and 10th centuries (750–900). Twelver Shia tradition in southern Lebanon credits the Amila, as the progenitors of the community, by having sided with the faction of
418:
in Iraq as a prominent center of religious learning for early Amili scholars (12th-14th centuries). It wasn't until the 14th century that Jabal Amil saw the rise of its own scholarly institutions and a surge in the number of Shi'ite scholars. This culminated in the 15th and 16th centuries, when Jabal
280:
According to the historian Tamara
Chalabi, defining Jabal Amil is "difficult" as the region was not generally recognized as a distinct geographic or political entity. Rather, its identity, and by extension its definition, is derived from its largely Twelver Shia Muslim inhabitants, who historically
333:, while the traditional definition of Jabal Amil includes the cities of Sidon and Jezzine, other, more limited definitions exclude them, defining them as separate areas. The traditional definition also includes parts of modern Israel, including the former villages of
419:
Amil became the leading center of Shi'ite learning, with a focus on legal, linguistic, and doctrinal studies. However, by the 16th century, economic and political factors led to a decline in these institutions and a mass migration of Amili scholars – particularly to
377:, Jabal Amil is traditionally defined as the predominantly Twelver Shia-populated, highland region southeast of Sidon. A prominent native scholar of Jabal Amil, Suleiman Dahir, defined it in 1930 as a much larger area, encompassing Jezzine in the Chouf,
285:
calls it "a terrain of identity, its 'boundaries' somewhat indefinite". In the definition generally accepted by its
Twelver Shia community, the Jabal Amil is roughly 3,000 square kilometres (1,200 sq mi) and bound by the
217:, was known as 'Jabal Siddiqa' after a holy person's tomb in the district that was visited annually by throngs of local pilgrims and Muslim officials. Qadas is also mentioned by him as belonging to Jabal Amila.
189:. It contained "many fine villages" and springs. Its fields were rain-dependent, and grapes, olives, and other fruits were grown there. It was the source of the highest-quality honey in
936:
160:. Although speculative, Twelver Shia tradition in southern Lebanon credits the Amila as the progenitors of the community, by having sided with the faction of
112:
community in Jabal Amil is thought to be one of the oldest in history. In the 10th century, several Yemeni tribes with Shi'ite inclinations, including the
423:– that lasted for about two centuries. The Safavids' invited Shi'ite scholars from Jabal Amil to their court to legitimize their rule over predominantly
395:
Historical accounts suggest a Shiite presence at Jabal Amil by the 10th century, with the arrival of Shia-oriented Yemeni tribes like the
635:
The
Foundation of the History of the Shiites in Lebanon and Syria: The First Scholarly Study on the History of Shiites in the Region
116:, had established themselves in the region. 'Amili oral tradition and later writings assert that a companion of the Islamic prophet
256:
whose inhabitants were also
Twelver Shia and whose lands contained considerable springs, vineyards, and fruit groves. The ruler of
1002:
922:
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85:
inhabitants. Its precise boundaries vary, but it is generally defined as the mostly highland region on either side of the
193:, along with that of Jerusalem. Jabal Amila, and the district of Jabal Jarash to the southeast, on the other side of the
949:
589:
564:
539:
361:. In the definition of Lebanon specialist Elisabeth Picard, the northern boundary of Jabal Amil is formed by the
1044:
992:
157:
518:. History and society of the modern Middle East. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 12–13, 126.
487:
1039:
980:
908:
366:
185:
describes 'Jabal Amila' as "a mountainous district" overlooking the
Mediterranean sea and connected to
17:
988:
374:
582:
The
Politics and Culture of an Umayyad Tribe: Conflict and Factionalism in the Early Islamic Period
480:
59:
605:
ABISAAB, R. (1999). "SH?'ITE BEGINNINGS AND SCHOLASTIC TRADITION IN JABAL 'ĀMIL IN LEBANON".
390:
322:
cuts the region into northern and southern parts. The southern part is additionally known as
976:
Palestine Under the
Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500
650:
408:
302:
in modern Israel to the south. In this definition, the region is bound in the west by the
8:
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The Career and
Communities of Zaynab Fawwaz: Feminist Thinking in Fin-de-siècle Egypt
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The Shi'is of Jabal Amil and the New
Lebanon: Community and Nation State, 1918-1943
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Shi'ite
Lebanon: transnational religion and the making of national identities
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357:, whose inhabitants had been Twelver Shia before their depopulation in the
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205:(the Jordan District). He mentions that another highland region, between
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396:
315:
287:
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113:
102:
414:
Despite claims of being the earliest Shi'ite center, evidence points to
338:
299:
264:(d. 1341) noted that Jabal Amila "runs down the coast as far south as
469:
237:
178:
149:
145:
404:
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defines it as the hills south of the Litani, which "grade into the
342:
334:
221:
198:
117:
39:
559:. Center Of Civilization For The Development Of Islamic Thought.
378:
253:
249:
153:
399:. However, local traditions claim an even earlier conversion to
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largely associated with its long-established, predominantly
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244:. He also notes the neighboring highland districts of
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The Shiites of Lebanon under Ottoman Rule, 1516–1788
64:
831:
819:
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232:characterized by its abundant vineyards and olive,
228:described Jabal Amila in 1300 as a district in the
1031:
556:The Imami Jurisprudence: its Origins and Schools
513:
281:referred to themselves as 'Amilis'. The scholar
152:and that moved into the region and neighboring
893:. New York and Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
648:
579:
290:north of Sidon, which separates it from the
969:
752:
740:
728:
713:
701:
689:
631:
552:
197:, were the largest sources of revenue for
997:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
962:The Lebanese Shi'a and Political Violence
306:and in the east by the valley regions of
77:, is a cultural and geographic region in
1022:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XIV, Fasc. 3
167:
144:tribe that had been affiliated with the
29:
1018:
944:. Oxford: Centre for Lebanese Studies.
938:Shi'i Thought from the South of Lebanon
888:
801:
771:
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427:Persia and promote Shi'ite conversion.
14:
1032:
987:
958:
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907:
849:
837:
825:
813:
677:
625:
173:Early Muslim geographers' descriptions
1019:Abisaab, Rula (2007). "Jabal ʿĀmel".
917:. New York: Oxford University Press.
864:
786:
514:Shaery-Eisenlohr, Roschanack (2008).
452:Abd al-Husayn Sharaf al-Din al-Musawi
381:in the northern Beqaa, and the Hula.
136:The region derives its name from the
509:
507:
505:
503:
430:
275:
874:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
54:
24:
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638:(in Arabic). Beirut: Dar al-Malak.
619:10.1111/j.1478-1913.1999.tb03666.x
25:
1056:
500:
365:, south of Sidon. The historian
858:
649:Sabrina Mervin (20 July 2005).
486:Shi'a Islamic Poet and Scholar
642:
598:
580:Mohammad Rihan (30 May 2014).
573:
546:
403:by a companion of the Prophet
13:
1:
538:: CS1 maint: date and year (
494:
457:Ottoman-era Shia leader from
914:Lebanon: A History, 600–2011
272:fortress (Beaufort Castle).
7:
632:Al-Muhajir, Jaafar (1992).
584:. I.B.Tauris. p. 140.
553:Al-Muhajir, Jaafar (2017).
65:
10:
1061:
981:Palestine Exploration Fund
959:Picard, Elisabeth (1993),
388:
384:
120:and an early supporter of
73:and historically known as
27:Region of southern Lebanon
329:According to the scholar
240:groves, and populated by
889:Chalabi, Tamara (2006).
488:Sheikh Bahaddin al-Amili
164:in the mid-7th century.
128:in the mid-7th century.
42:in the Jabal Amil region
450:Shi'a Islamic scholar,
131:
481:Hassan Kamel Al-Sabbah
436:Twelver Shia scholar,
341:, and the villages of
156:after the 7th-century
105:valleys in the east.
43:
1045:Shia Islam in Lebanon
680:, pp. 32–33, 35.
655:ENCYCLOPAEDIA IRANICA
651:"SHIʿITES IN LEBANON"
468:Secretary General of
391:Lebanese Shia Muslims
389:Further information:
168:Geographic definition
33:
445:Rammal Hassan Rammal
409:Abu Dharr al-Ghifari
268:and was home to the
242:Twelver Shia Muslims
93:in the west and the
1025:. pp. 305–309.
979:. Committee of the
443:Nuclear physicist,
83:Twelver Shia Muslim
38:, near the city of
1040:Regions of Lebanon
359:1948 Palestine war
44:
1004:978-0-521-76584-8
924:978-0-19-518111-1
900:978-1-349-53194-3
881:978-0-19-284619-8
789:, pp. 34–35.
755:, pp. 75–76.
525:978-0-231-51313-5
431:Notable residents
304:Mediterranean Sea
276:Modern definition
201:, the capital of
177:The 10th-century
91:Mediterranean Sea
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474:Hassan Nasrallah
459:El Assaad Family
438:Al-Hurr al-Amili
373:". According to
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148:client kings of
79:Southern Lebanon
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866:Booth, Marilyn
860:
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852:, p. 117.
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230:Safad Province
203:Jund al-Urdunn
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375:Stefan Winter
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371:Upper Galilee
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364:
363:Zahrani River
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332:
331:Chibli Mallat
327:
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324:Bilad Bishara
321:
317:
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305:
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296:Mount Lebanon
294:highlands of
293:
289:
284:
283:Marilyn Booth
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859:Bibliography
845:
840:, p. 9.
833:
828:, p. 4.
821:
816:, p. 1.
809:
802:Chalabi 2006
772:Chalabi 2006
748:
736:
709:
697:
685:
658:. Retrieved
654:
644:
634:
627:
610:
606:
600:
581:
575:
555:
548:
515:
421:Safavid Iran
413:
394:
328:
320:Litani River
308:Wadi al-Taym
300:Wadi al-Qarn
279:
270:Shaqif Arnun
260:and scholar
254:Jabal Tibnin
219:
195:Jordan River
183:al-Muqaddasi
179:Jerusalemite
176:
135:
114:'Amila tribe
107:
95:Wadi al-Taym
87:Litani River
74:
70:
46:
45:
850:Winter 2010
838:Harris 2012
826:Picard 1993
814:Mallat 1988
678:Harris 2012
660:22 November
490:(1547–1621)
483:(1894–1935)
479:Scientist,
465:(1749–1781)
454:(1872–1957)
447:(1951–1991)
440:(1624–1693)
288:Awali River
250:Jabal Jazin
226:al-Dimashqi
224:geographer
181:geographer
75:Jabal Amila
66:Jabal ʿĀmil
1034:Categories
787:Booth 2021
495:References
339:al-Khalisa
314:, and the
298:, and the
262:Abu'l-Fida
246:Jabal Jaba
71:Jabal Amel
47:Jabal Amil
18:Jabal Amel
965:, UNRISID
613:: 1, 21.
534:cite book
470:Hezbollah
345:, Qadas,
238:terebinth
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150:Byzantium
146:Ghassanid
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405:Muhammad
343:Tarbikha
335:al-Bassa
199:Tiberias
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385:History
379:Baalbek
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425:Sunni
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337:and
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266:Tyre
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