533:
battle of liberating
Palestine, of toppling the reactionary regimes, of annihilating the borders, gates, and barriers between the countries of the Arab homeland, and of creating the single Arab Jamahiriya from the ocean to the gulf." In March 1985, it was announced that the National Command of the Revolutionary Forces Command in the Arab Nation had been formed with Gaddafi at its head. A number of smaller radical Arab groups from Lebanon, Tunisia, Sudan, Iraq, the Persian Gulf states, and Jordan were represented at the inaugural meeting. Syrian Baath Party and radical Palestinian factions were also present. Each of these movements was expected to earmark 10 percent of its forces for service under the new command. As of April 1987, there was no information confirming the existence of such a militia.
220:
152:
1845:
25:
177:
201:
189:
165:
532:
In an effort to realize
Gaddafi's vision of a united Arab military force, plans for the creation of an Arab Legion have been announced from time to time. The goal, according to the Libyan press, would be to assemble an army of 1 million men and women fighters to prepare for the great Arab battleâ"the
519:
had brought many young Tuareg to migrate to Libya, where a number of them were recruited into the Legion, receiving an indoctrination that told them to reject their hereditary chiefs and to fight those governments that excluded the Tuareg from power. After the disbandment of the Legion, these men
484:
regime is said to have provided legionnaires during the 1983 offensive in Chad. At the beginning of the 1987 Libyan offensive into Chad, it maintained a force of 2,000 in Darfur. The nearly continuous cross-border raids that resulted greatly contributed to a separate ethnic conflict within Darfur
428:
who had been recruited since 1981 with the false promise of civilian jobs once in Libya. Generally speaking, the Legion's members were immigrants who had gone to Libya with no thought of fighting wars, and had been provided with inadequate military training and had sparse commitment.
408:(Tajammu al-Arabi), which according to GĂ©rard Prunier was "a militantly racist and pan-Arabist organization which stressed the 'Arab' character of the province." The two organizations shared members and a source of support, and the distinction between the two is often ambiguous.
452:
armored cars. The Legion was reported to have been committed during the fighting in Chad in 1980 and was praised by
Gaddafi for its success there. However, it was believed that many of the troops who fled the Chadian attacks of March 1987 were members of the Legion.
523:
Immediately prior to the overthrow of the
Gaddafi regime, there were media reports that his hard-core of supporters included former members of the Islamic Legion who had been granted Libyan citizenship and remained in the country.
358:, referring to it as an "Arab Nationalist Revolutionary Movement", and even offered to merge the two countries at a meeting in late 1971. Gaddafi's plans for the peaceful formation of an "
488:
The Legion was disbanded by
Gaddafi following its defeats in Chad in 1987 and the Libyan retreat from that country. But its consequences in this region can still be felt. Some of the
437:
in spite of themselves, wretches who had come to Libya hoping for a civilian job, but found themselves signed up more or less by force to go and fight in an unknown desert."
1914:
476:, where already in 1980 7,000 legionnaires participated to the second battle of N'Djamena, where its fighting record was most noted for its ineptitude. To this force
1919:
548:
1604:
1879:
1899:
940:
1634:
1081:
520:
were to return to their countries and to play an important role in the Tuareg rebellions that erupted in the two countries in 1989–90.
441:
1589:
1017:
1869:
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1714:
1644:
1609:
1884:
1574:
1086:
89:
1212:
1252:
61:
1624:
1569:
444:, the force was organized into one armored, one infantry, and one paratroop/commando brigade. It had been supplied with
1924:
1904:
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1706:
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108:
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42:
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793:
St. John, Ronald Bruce (2008). "Redefining the Libyan
Revolution: The Changing Ideology of Muammar al-Qaddafi".
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46:
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57:
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673:
Mercenaries, Pirates and
Sovereigns: State Building and Extraterritorial Violence in Early Modern Europe
1909:
1874:
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1060:
676:
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1003:
250:
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952:
433:, speaking of the Legion's forces in Chad, observed that they were "foreigners, Arabs or Africans,
367:
1810:
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1514:
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35:
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405:
1770:
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1466:
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1351:
1341:
1242:
1120:
754:
Prunier, GĂ©rard, Darfur: The
Ambiguous Genocide, Cornell University Press, 2005,
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296:
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312:
806:
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915:
1815:
1456:
1316:
1311:
1167:
1093:
1045:
566:
542:
339:
292:
289:
941:"Terrorism and Violence in the Sudan: The Islamist Manipulation of Darfur"
1431:
1288:
1135:
1130:
1076:
1055:
653:
375:
320:
285:
1366:
1283:
1278:
1207:
425:
359:
1050:
589:
492:
leaders were among those said to have been trained in Libya, as many
489:
434:
404:, a western province of Sudan, Gaddafi supported the creation of the
362:" were dashed when Nimeiry turned down his offer and negotiated the
24:
1790:
1499:
995:
421:
416:
This
Islamic Legion was mostly composed of immigrants from poorer
516:
481:
465:
371:
311:
Gaddafi, who had come to power in
September 1969, was not only a
236:
493:
457:
401:
347:
343:
400:
The priority of the Legion was first Chad, and then Sudan. In
1594:
583:
512:
477:
469:
417:
387:
351:
316:
300:
281:
206:
182:
612:
Limits of Anarchy: Intervention and State Formation in Chad
508:
449:
445:
383:
324:
194:
170:
543:
Azam, J.-P.; C. Morrisson; S. Chauvin; S. Rospabé (1999).
378:. Gaddafi's definition of "Arab" was broad, including the
420:
countries, but also, according to a source, thousands of
485:
that killed about 9,000 people between 1985 and 1988.
472:, but the Legion was to be mostly associated with the
350:
and across the Chadian border. Gaddafi supported the
503:
The Legion was also to leave a strong impact on the
299:'s dream of creating the Great Islamic State of the
606:
440:According to the Military Balance published by the
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1605:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries
670:
649:Libya and the West: From Independence to Lockerbie
1915:Military units and formations established in 1972
1861:
826:
824:
448:and T-55 tanks, armored personnel carriers, and
397:The Islamic Legion was established in May 1972.
295:force, created in 1972. The Legion was part of
1920:Military units and formations of the Cold War
1635:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
1082:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
1011:
821:
645:
500:were forced in exile in the 1970s and 1980s.
442:International Institute for Strategic Studies
342:background. It also led Gaddafi to drive the
334:was at least partly inspired by Tombalbaye's
693:
346:of Libya, who were considered 'black', from
127:
724:
722:
1018:
1004:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1880:Expatriate military units and formations
1715:Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic
1645:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
1610:Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine)
938:
792:
719:
584:Markakis, John; Waller, Michael (1986).
1590:Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)
1575:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
913:
216:
148:
1900:History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
1862:
1585:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)
999:
781:Darfur: A Short History of a Long War
571:Darfur: A Short History of a Long War
315:, but according to GĂ©rard Prunier an
277:
1025:
795:The Journal of North African Studies
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1625:National Liberation Front (Algeria)
841:Mercenaries, Pirates and Sovereigns
456:Gaddafi dispatched legionnaires to
270:
128:
13:
1565:Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria)
1087:1936â1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
696:Libya, Chad and the Central Sahara
635:, Cornell University Press, 2005,
586:Military Marxist Regimes in Africa
280:Islamic Pan-African Legion) was a
14:
1941:
1630:Palestine Liberation Organization
916:"Counter-Insurgency on the Cheap"
1870:Arab nationalist militant groups
1844:
1843:
1570:Arabian Peninsula People's Union
1253:IranâSaudi Arabia proxy conflict
614:. University of Virginia Press.
573:, Zed Books, London March 2006,
218:
199:
187:
175:
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150:
23:
1213:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'Ă©tat
991:Foreign legion (disambiguation)
978:Washington Post, March 11, 2011
972:
963:
939:McGregor, Andrew (2005-06-17).
932:
907:
898:
885:
872:
859:
34:needs additional citations for
1885:Government paramilitary forces
1655:Union of Arab Republics (1972)
1417:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz
846:
833:
786:
773:
764:
748:
735:
730:Darfur: The Ambiguous Genocide
633:Darfur: The Ambiguous Genocide
1:
891:J. Markakis & M. Waller,
854:Conflict and Growth in Africa
545:Conflict and Growth in Africa
536:
411:
1600:Federation of Arab Republics
1560:Arab Socialist Union (Libya)
1550:Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)
1151:IsraeliâPalestinian conflict
1099:Arab separatism in Khuzestan
914:de Waal, Alex (2004-08-05).
527:
7:
1725:Flag of the Arab Federation
1555:Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)
1545:Arab Socialist Action Party
984:
671:Thomson, Janice E. (1996).
306:
10:
1946:
1696:On the Way of Resurrection
1689:The Battle for One Destiny
1620:Lebanese National Movement
1061:Third International Theory
677:Princeton University Press
16:Former Libyan paramilitary
1925:Pan-Arabist organizations
1905:Military history of Libya
1839:
1748:
1705:
1673:
1650:Unified Political Command
1540:Arab Nationalist Movement
1485:
1437:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi
1297:
1266:
1233:1969 Sudanese coup d'Ă©tat
1104:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
1069:
1033:
807:10.1080/13629380701742819
370:, fought with the Black,
251:Second Sudanese Civil War
242:
232:
212:
144:
136:
123:
1158:1952 Egyptian revolution
969:J.-P. Azam et al., p. 14
953:The Jamestown Foundation
893:Military Marxist Regimes
713:
368:First Sudanese Civil War
1811:Palestinian nationalism
1730:Flag of the Arab Revolt
1223:1966 Syrian coup d'Ă©tat
1203:1963 Syrian coup d'Ă©tat
1183:1961 Syrian coup d'Ă©tat
474:ChadianâLibyan conflict
274:al-Faylaq ul-'IslÄmiyyu
1238:1969 Libyan revolution
1116:1941 Iraqi coup d'Ă©tat
921:London Review of Books
830:S. Nolutshungu, p. 220
646:Simons, Geoff (2004).
1796:Jordanian nationalism
1530:Arab Islamic Republic
1525:Arab Higher Committee
1402:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
1382:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
1193:North Yemen civil war
1126:ArabâIsraeli conflict
698:. C. Hurst & Co.
694:Wright, John (1989).
515:. A series of severe
364:Addis Ababa Agreement
1831:Tunisian nationalism
1801:Lebanese nationalism
1761:Egyptian nationalism
1756:Algerian nationalism
1660:United Arab Republic
1535:Arab Liberation Army
1515:Arab Ba'ath Movement
1372:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
959:on October 16, 2006.
43:improve this article
1821:Sahrawi nationalism
1178:1959 Mosul uprising
1111:Great Syrian Revolt
852:J.-P. Azam et al.,
779:Flint and de Waal,
608:Nolutshungu, Sam C.
394:of Chad and Sudan.
332:François Tombalbaye
323:. His hostility to
1826:Syrian nationalism
1806:Libyan nationalism
1766:Greater Mauritania
1682:The Arab Awakening
1665:United Arab States
1640:Rejectionist Front
1447:Gamal Abdel Nasser
1258:Yemeni unification
1248:Lebanese Civil War
1228:17 July Revolution
1198:Ramadan Revolution
1173:14 July Revolution
904:Prunier, pp. 61-65
867:Libya and the West
770:Prunier, pp. 43-45
247:ChadianâLibyan War
1910:Military of Libya
1875:History of Darfur
1857:
1856:
1786:Iraqi nationalism
1477:Constantin Zureiq
1327:Abdul Rahman Arif
1307:Butrus al-Bustani
945:Terrorism Monitor
743:Limits of Anarchy
565:Flint, Julie and
496:followers of the
390:, as well as the
327:'s government of
256:
255:
119:
118:
111:
93:
1937:
1847:
1846:
1720:Eagle of Saladin
1427:Amin al-Husseini
1392:Faisal I of Iraq
1362:Sultan al-Atrash
1357:Mansur al-Atrash
1332:Abdul Salam Arif
1141:War of Attrition
1027:Arab nationalism
1020:
1013:
1006:
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979:
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955:. Archived from
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741:S. Nolutshungu,
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58:"Islamic Legion"
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1860:
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1771:Greater Morocco
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1740:Pan-Arab colors
1735:Hawk of Quraish
1701:
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1520:Arab Federation
1481:
1467:Abdullah Rimawi
1442:Mostéfa Merarda
1397:Muammar Gaddafi
1377:Ahmed Ben Bella
1352:Jamal al-Atassi
1342:Bashar al-Assad
1293:
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1243:Black September
1121:Anglo-Iraqi War
1065:
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664:
629:Prunier, GĂ©rard
622:
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374:and Christian,
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297:Muammar Gaddafi
271:ۧÙÙÙÙÙ Ű§ÙŰ„ŰłÙۧÙ
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406:Arab Gathering
356:Gaafar Nimeiry
354:government of
313:Pan-Africanist
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263:Islamic Legion
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124:Islamic Legion
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22:
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9:
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2:
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1895:1980s in Chad
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1890:1970s in Chad
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1781:Greater Yemen
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1776:Greater Syria
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1487:Organizations
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1407:George Habash
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1387:Izzat Darwaza
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1322:Yasser Arafat
1320:
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1299:Personalities
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1274:Arab identity
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1199:
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1188:Arab Cold War
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760:0-8014-4450-0
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705:1-85065-050-0
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686:0-691-02571-1
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669:
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663:1-86064-988-2
659:
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642:
641:0-8014-4450-0
638:
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623:
621:0-8139-1628-3
617:
613:
609:
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599:0-7146-3295-3
595:
591:
587:
582:
580:
579:1-84277-697-5
576:
572:
568:
567:de Waal, Alex
564:
560:
558:92-64-17101-0
554:
550:
546:
541:
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432:
431:Alain Frachon
427:
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258:Military unit
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60: â
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1930:Pan-Islamism
1816:Pan-Islamism
1694:
1687:
1680:
1614:
1580:Ba'ath Party
1457:Ameen Rihani
1317:Jassem Alwan
1312:Michel Aflaq
1168:Algerian War
1094:Iraqi Revolt
974:
965:
957:the original
948:
944:
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925:
919:
909:
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861:
853:
848:
840:
839:J. Thomson,
835:
798:
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788:
780:
775:
766:
750:
742:
737:
729:
728:G. Prunier,
695:
672:
648:
632:
611:
585:
570:
544:
531:
522:
502:
487:
455:
439:
426:Bangladeshis
415:
399:
396:
310:
293:paramilitary
290:pan-Islamist
273:
262:
260:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1510:Arab Ba'ath
1432:Salah Jadid
1289:Arabization
1136:Six-Day War
1131:Suez Crisis
1077:Arab Revolt
1056:Pan-Arabism
878:J. Wright,
865:G. Simons,
654:I.B. Tauris
435:mercenaries
366:ending the
321:supremacist
286:pan-Arabist
284:-sponsored
243:Engagements
140:1972âc.1987
1864:Categories
1674:Literature
1367:Tariq Aziz
1284:Arab world
1279:Arab Union
1208:Dhofar War
537:References
507:living in
498:Umma Party
422:Pakistanis
412:The Legion
360:Arab Union
213:Allegiance
69:newspapers
1707:Symbolism
1051:Nasserism
1046:Ba'athism
815:219626768
801:(1): 95.
590:Routledge
528:Aftermath
490:Janjaweed
462:Palestine
424:and some
340:Christian
329:President
319:cultural
1849:Category
1791:Islamism
1500:Al-Fatat
1267:Concepts
1034:Ideology
985:See also
882:, p. 140
856:, p. 168
745:, p. 127
610:(1995).
517:droughts
418:Sahelian
352:Sudanese
307:Creation
99:May 2019
1495:Al-Awda
1070:History
895:, p. 73
869:, p. 57
843:, p. 91
783:, p. 23
732:, p. 45
494:Darfuri
482:Marxist
466:Lebanon
392:Zaghawa
372:animist
336:African
237:Militia
145:Country
83:scholar
951:(12).
813:
758:
702:
683:
660:
639:
618:
596:
577:
555:
505:Tuareg
458:Uganda
402:Darfur
380:Tuareg
348:Fezzan
344:Toubou
282:Libyan
278:a.k.a.
267:Arabic
223:
204:
192:
180:
168:
155:
137:Active
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1595:Fatah
928:(15).
880:Libya
811:S2CID
714:Notes
513:Niger
478:Benin
470:Syria
388:Niger
376:South
301:Sahel
226:Libya
207:Niger
183:Sudan
158:Libya
90:JSTOR
76:books
756:ISBN
700:ISBN
681:ISBN
658:ISBN
637:ISBN
616:ISBN
594:ISBN
575:ISBN
553:ISBN
549:OECD
511:and
509:Mali
468:and
450:EE-9
446:T-54
386:and
384:Mali
338:and
325:Chad
317:Arab
288:and
261:The
233:Type
195:Mali
171:Chad
62:news
803:doi
480:'s
382:of
276:) (
45:by
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