1480:
513:(1955). The book gave an uncritical description of Muslim rulers—even glorifying figures as contentious as Mahmud and Aurangzeb—and went lengths to emphasize upon the perennial nature of the two-nation thesis. Yet the Hindu ancientness was not wiped out or obfuscated or derided. As to the colonial period, peasant and labor movements were sanitized in what was a largely sympathetic presentation of the British Government; the focus remained exclusively upon the development of Muslim identity. In Qasmi's reading of the work, the history of Muslim India was reinterpreted to guide (and justify) the policies of the infant state: "fair (yet not equal) treatment of minorities, patronage of arts and culture, and the rule of law".
526:, this was set to have an exclusive focus on the history of current territories of Pakistan; dynasties or developments from the rest of subcontinent were to be mentioned only if they were relevant to the development of Pakistan. Treating the history of Pakistan as a branch of historical developments in India was also to be avoided at any cost; a keynote agreed upon by the committee notes that all political events in the subcontinent were to be discussed from within the frame of "the eastward expansion of West Pakistan and the westward expansion of East Pakistan."
565:— then, Minister of Education—had convened another commission to draft an "authentic history" of "Muslim Freedom Movement" in "Indo-Pakistan Subcontinent" with Qureshi as a member. Writing the preface for the first volume (1957), Qureshi wrote how Akbar's syncretic policies had led to the downfall of Mughal Empire by weakening religious solidarity. Feroz Ahmed, writes: "One of the favourite right-wing 'scholars' of the ruling alliance, I. H. Qureshi, went to the extent of stating that Bengalis were a different (implying inferior) race than the West Pakistanis."
1498:
1489:
547:, drafted during his days at the Columbia University—chronicling, what Qasmi summarizes as, the struggle of Muslims to preserve an Islamic consciousness across a millennia against the advances of sponge-like Hinduism, practiced by the majority of population. This ever-strong Muslim consciousness was the byproduct of the canonical requirement of Muslims to establish a polity and thus, superseded linguistic or regional affiliations.
470:, set the theme of discourse. By and large, Hindu (as well as British) historians stereotyped Muslim rulers as despotic barbarians who had inflicted unprecedented damage on India for centuries. Muslims were quite late to enter into the arena and their response was largely reactionary: aiming to recover unprejudiced histories of Muslim rule, they focused on explaining away ruptures like
498:
Post 1947, the nation-state needed a new history, invented or not: Qureshi was close enough to the corridors of power and in the opinions of historian Ali Usman Qasmi, single-handedly bequeathed a master narrative of history that would be coopted into a variety of statist projects for the upcoming
714:
In undivided India, Rahman sat in the
Executive Council of the University of Calcutta as well as the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal. He had been long keen about correcting the perspective of mainstream history on Muslims: his speech at the Second Meeting of the Advisory Board of Education (Feb.
542:
With time, Qureshi grew an unapologetic advocate of writing histories to serve ideological purposes: history made nations and he felt that it was one's solemn duty to instill a common version of the past among the citizens of a state to forge an unwavering loyalty. Such acts, to him, were not
533:
were published—the first volume covered pre-Muslim history; the second volume, Delhi
Sultanate; the third, Mughals; and the last, Company (and British) rule. India became the common site of invasion, demonstrating the unity of East and West Pakistan in premodern times as in present.
521:
In
January 1965, Khan established a committee of eminent historians to write an authoritative account of the history of Pakistan under the general editorship of Qureshi. This account was meant to be a rigorous work, aimed at scholars and published by the Government itself. Unlike
485:
gained strength, a section of Muslim historians became concerned with ensuring the historical legitimacy of the would-be state. To such ends, Qureshi traced a determinist narrative, where generations of Muslim rulers and subjects strove for the development of
499:
decades. The precise details of this narrative often underwent strategic shifts, as dictated by political needs of the state — however Qasmi cautions against considering
Qureshi as a pen-for-hire; he genuinely believed in much of what he wrote and argued.
553:(and Qasmi) found the work to be an exercise in "determinism with vengeance"; for Qureshi, the premodern history of Muslims in India was but a prelude to Pakistan where Islam could finally survive and flourish, under the political domination of Muslims.
676:
Aurangzeb is held to have executed Guru Tegh
Bahadur since he disturbed peace in Punjab with a band of raiders alongside a Muslim rebel. The ceding away of Sikh population to India meant that provocative positions on these aspects were easier to
381:
After seeing suffering from riots, he migrated to
Pakistan in 1948. There, he continued his academic and political career, and served as a member of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan. In 1949, he was appointed professor of history at the
992:
695:
Hindu scriptures like
Mahabharata, Bhagavad Gita etc. are described without negative commentary. The Guptas are held to be the zenith of ancient Indian culture. Harshavardhan, Chalukyas et al are covered in substantial
649:
held at
Thailand, Qureshi went all praises for the Buddhist history of Pakistan. He highlighted how Brahminical Hinduism (unlike Muslim rulers) obstructed the proliferation of an egalitarian Buddhism!
1479:
369:, where he was appointed professor of history, and subsequently, the dean of the Faculty of Arts. He also served as acting vice chancellor of the Delhi University. In 1947, during the
667:
Mahmud's raid on
Somnatha is noted to be "an outstanding military feat in the annals of Islam" which "sent a thrill of joy through the Islamic world" and delighted the Caliph.
2484:
2439:
1053:
705:
Thus, we have Aryan
Migrants starting from Northwest Pakistan in their east-ward journey. Or, we have the Palas move from East Pakistan and conquer North India.
2449:
2444:
864:
373:, when the Muslim students of the St Stephen's College had to be evacuated to the Purana Qila, Dr Qureshi's library was completely burnt down by the mobs.
507:
As one of the six members of the Pakistan History Board, his first act of scholarship was the production of the first semi-official history of the state:
478:
etc. In the process, a large number of "Muslim apologetic" histories were drafted with the explicit purpose of showing Muslims in a favorable light.
2474:
2186:
1288:
285:(NLA) in the 1970s and helped set up the History Department at the University of the Punjab. Later, Qureshi joined the faculty of history at the
2434:
277:
of Pakistan. But, due to his association with academia, he resigned from his government appointments and joined the academic faculty at the
2469:
417:
martial regime to aid in the crafting of state's new education policy. On his return, he played a pivotal role in the establishment of the
909:
1266:
406:
where he wrote his famous book, the Muslim Community of the South Asia, as a story of the trials and tribulations of the Muslims in the
2419:
2429:
1817:
1596:
1469:
458:
Academic history writing had begun in the undivided subcontinent c. the first quarter of twentieth century. Thus emerged doyens like
658:
The Delhi Sultanate is held to have treated Hindus "justly and generously - they provided unprecedent patronage to arts and culture.
270:
2151:
2494:
2479:
2454:
1074:
2459:
2158:
2125:
1828:
1537:
1239:
1200:
258:
1114:"Ishtiaq Husain Qureshi, The Muslim Community of the Indo-Pakistan Subcontinent (610-1947). A brief historical analysis"
686:
It is highlighted how despite Akbar's Din-i-Ilahi movement, "the two nations—Hindus and Muslims—never merged into one."
646:
2464:
1547:
48:
440:
Between 1949–1954, he remained deputy minister, then minister of state and finally as minister with cabinet rank in
1399:
435:
266:
1525:
1384:
1259:
601:
327:
139:
872:
2008:
1557:
813:
247:
2136:
2119:
2013:
1631:
1404:
431:
1497:
543:
falsifications of history but rather, discovery of history in itself. In 1962, he published his magnum opus—
2489:
2248:
2205:
2165:
1906:
1464:
1454:
1409:
1155:"Review of The Muslim Community of the Indo-Pakistan Subcontinent (610-1947), a Brief Historical Analysis"
724:
Qasmi however notes the book to have been drafted in a scholarly manner, citing a host of Persian sources.
289:
where he remained the remainder of his life. Qureshi is also credited for editing a four-volume series on
2323:
2295:
2273:
1967:
1434:
626:
608:
471:
282:
197:
2104:
2069:
2064:
1952:
1796:
1751:
1334:
1252:
562:
550:
2099:
2049:
1756:
1359:
135:
1066:
1786:
1781:
1691:
1459:
1309:
459:
383:
185:
2424:
2089:
1866:
1515:
1444:
467:
1113:
1051:
Chakrabarty, Dipesh (27 October 2011), Macintyre, Stuart; Maiguashca, Juan; PĂłk, Attila (eds.),
2238:
2109:
2044:
1977:
1706:
1532:
906:
441:
391:
274:
993:"A Master Narrative for the History of Pakistan: Tracing the origins of an ideological agenda"
1982:
1947:
1931:
1901:
1661:
1429:
836:
621:
583:
418:
286:
251:
193:
114:
1488:
509:
338:
in history at St. Stephen's College from 1928 to 1944. Between 1937 and 1940, he studied at
2414:
2409:
2039:
1806:
1761:
1711:
1584:
1552:
1520:
1369:
355:
339:
143:
781:
8:
2172:
2084:
1957:
1911:
1861:
1741:
1666:
1646:
1626:
1296:
1284:
414:
399:
290:
281:
as a professor of South Asian history. But soon, he returned to Pakistan and founded the
278:
189:
95:
2094:
2054:
2034:
1962:
1937:
1916:
1896:
1871:
1771:
1731:
1439:
1414:
1304:
1201:
Profile of Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi on Overseas Pakistanis Foundation website (archived)
1183:
1021:
370:
75:
1038:
481:
Qureshi was among the foremost historians of this generation. Beginning 1940s, as the
2253:
2223:
2079:
2029:
1801:
1791:
1736:
1701:
1696:
1671:
1615:
1394:
1389:
1379:
1364:
1344:
1275:
1175:
1134:
1070:
1025:
1013:
809:
575:
482:
351:
319:
262:
227:
105:
318:, British India. He did matriculation in 1916. At this time, he took active part in
2351:
2233:
2213:
2144:
2074:
2059:
1881:
1876:
1716:
1686:
1656:
1636:
1562:
1449:
1349:
1324:
1167:
1126:
1062:
1005:
366:
331:
307:
181:
44:
1096:
Hardy, Peter (1960). "Modern Muslim Historical Writing on Medieval Muslim India".
2263:
2193:
2114:
2018:
1841:
1721:
1605:
913:
803:
593:
issued a commemorative postage stamp to honor him in its 'Men of Letters' series.
463:
2218:
2024:
1926:
1851:
1811:
1766:
1681:
1641:
1621:
1419:
233:
110:
1130:
1009:
2403:
2309:
2243:
2228:
2179:
1921:
1891:
1886:
1776:
1746:
1676:
1651:
1329:
1179:
1138:
1017:
590:
403:
315:
213:
52:
398:
Rehabilitation, and later as Minister of Education. Later on, he joined the
2281:
2258:
1987:
1972:
1856:
1846:
1836:
1610:
1374:
1354:
1339:
1215:"Pakistan Academy of Letters promoting country's literature and languages"
2337:
1424:
537:
865:"Commemorative Postage Stamp issued in 2001 for Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi"
607:
Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi was nominated as one of the founding members of
2002:
1942:
1726:
1569:
1098:
Historians of Medieval India: Studies in Indo-Muslim Historical Writing
926:
407:
243:
130:
1187:
1154:
2365:
1992:
1577:
611:
in recognition of his services to Pakistani languages and literature.
475:
311:
239:
1244:
1214:
1041:
Dawn (newspaper), Published 14 October 2011, Retrieved 22 April 2018
490:
community in a foreign territory culminating in Jinnah's Pakistan.
306:
Qureshi was born on 20 November 1903 in a noble family of Patiyali,
2379:
1542:
1483:
The leaders of the Muslim League, 1940. Jinnah is seated at centre.
1314:
1171:
755:
574:
In recognition of his services, he was decorated with the order of
335:
85:
1319:
545:
The Muslim Community of the Indo-Pakistan Subcontinent (610–1947)
395:
362:
323:
171:
222:) (20 November 1903 – 22 January 1981) popularly known as
387:
150:
273:
as the secretary; in addition, he was elected a member of the
929:, 610–1947; a brief historical analysis. Gravenhage, Mouton
343:
413:
In late 1950s, Qureshi was brought back to Pakistan by
538:
The Muslim Community of the Indo-Pakistan Subcontinent
1240:
Profile at Overseas Pakistanis Foundation (archived)
600:
continues to be organised by the History Society of
502:
1054:"The Birth of Academic Historical Writing in India"
1153:
1112:
1052:
991:
925:Qureshi, I.H. (1962). The Muslim community of the
835:Qureshi, I.H. (ed), A Short History of Pakistan.
421:and remained its vice-chancellor for many years.
350:. During this period, he also briefly joined the
2401:
2485:Members of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan
2188:Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?
1039:Massacre condemned (by Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi)
448:
2440:Academic staff of the University of the Punjab
516:
2450:Vice-chancellors of the University of Karachi
1260:
1061:, Oxford University Press, pp. 520–536,
869:Pakistan Post (Men of Letters series) website
330:, with distinction. In 1927, he got M.A. in
2445:Academic staff of the University of Karachi
1212:
1067:10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199533091.003.0026
1050:
753:
301:
1267:
1253:
218:
16:Pakistani historian, scholar, and academic
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
568:
2475:Urdu-language dramatists and playwrights
1160:Journal of the American Oriental Society
1059:The Oxford History of Historical Writing
598:Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi Memorial Lecture
493:
808:. Oxford University Press. p. 28.
424:
2402:
2153:Jinnah: India, Partition, Independence
1110:
842:
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
265:, Qureshi served in the ministries of
113:(Crescent of Excellence) Award by the
2435:Alumni of the University of Cambridge
1274:
1248:
1151:
1095:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1032:
989:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
801:
779:
756:"The grand old man of historiography"
476:Aurangzeb's policy towards Sikh Gurus
376:
2160:Notes on Afghanistan and Baluchistan
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
897:, Lotus Collection, Roli Books, 2006
797:
795:
775:
773:
348:Administration of Sultanate of Delhi
346:degree. The topic of his thesis was
156:Administration of Sultanate of Delhi
2470:Urdu-language writers from Pakistan
1194:
738:
529:To these ends, the four volumes of
217:
13:
1496:
1487:
1478:
1082:
805:Ethnicity And Politics In Pakistan
14:
2506:
2420:20th-century Pakistani historians
1233:
932:
907:St Stephen's College, Alumni page
792:
770:
503:A Short History of India-Pakistan
2430:Aligarh Muslim University alumni
1400:Muslim nationalism in South Asia
895:St. Stephen's College: a history
556:
524:A Short History of Hind-Pakistan
510:A Short History of Hind-Pakistan
436:Constituent Assembly of Pakistan
322:. He did graduation and M.A. in
2195:Causes of Indian Mutiny of 1857
1206:
1145:
1111:Spuler, Bertold (4 July 1964).
1104:
1044:
871:. 20 April 2002. Archived from
754:Rauf Parekh (20 January 2009).
718:
708:
699:
689:
680:
670:
661:
652:
639:
2009:Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi
990:Qasmi, Ali Usman (July 2019).
919:
900:
887:
829:
715:1949) had no other components!
1:
2120:Muhammad Ibrahim Mir Sialkoti
2014:Muhammad Karam Shah al-Azhari
731:
466:et al who, in the opinion of
453:
432:Constituent Assembly of India
2495:People from Kasganj district
2455:Recipients of Hilal-i-Imtiaz
2167:Pakistan: A Personal History
1907:Iftikhar Hussain Khan Mamdot
1692:Baba-e-Urdu Maulvi Abdul Haq
1213:Rauf Parekh (18 July 2016).
780:Bajwa, Sadia (Winter 2015).
645:In a 1963 conference of the
449:Historiography and reception
328:St. Stephen's College, Delhi
296:
7:
2460:Pakistan Movement activists
837:University of Karachi Press
627:National Language Authority
615:
609:Pakistan Academy of Letters
531:A Short History of Pakistan
517:A Short History of Pakistan
283:National Language Authority
246:and playwright. He was the
198:National Language Authority
10:
2511:
2105:Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni
2070:Amir Habibullah Khan Saadi
1953:Muhammad Abdul Qayyum Khan
1752:Nawab Mohammad Ismail Khan
1677:Nawab Waqar-ul-Mulk Kamboh
472:Mahmud's attack on Somnath
2272:
2204:
2135:
2100:Amir Abdullah Khan Rokhri
1827:
1757:Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
1595:
1508:
1476:
1360:Fourteen Points of Jinnah
1295:
1282:
1131:10.1163/18778372-01701050
1010:10.1017/S0026749X17000427
916:. Retrieved 22 April 2018
912:28 September 2007 at the
203:
177:
167:
162:
149:
136:Aligarh Muslim University
129:
124:
120:
101:
91:
81:
71:
59:
30:
23:
2480:Pakistani MNAs 1947–1954
2465:Academics from Islamabad
2181:Pakistan: A Hard Country
2174:The Myth of Independence
1787:Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
1782:Mohammad Amir Ahmed Khan
1501:State emblem of Pakistan
1460:Constitution of Pakistan
1310:Indian Rebellion of 1857
782:"Reclaiming Pakistaniat"
632:
460:Chintaman Vinayak Vaidya
384:University of the Punjab
302:Early life and education
108:(Star of Pakistan) Award
2090:Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi
1998:Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi
1867:Muhammad Shafi Deobandi
1797:Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan
1732:Raja Ghazanfar Ali Khan
1410:Indian Independence Act
1385:Round Table Conferences
1289:timeline: 1947–present)
1203:Retrieved 29 April 2022
210:Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi
25:Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi
2110:Sardar Aurang Zeb Khan
2045:Muhammad Ismail Zabeeh
1978:Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum
1968:Sheikh Sir Abdul Qadir
1707:Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman
1553:Philosophical Congress
1502:
1493:
1484:
839:, 1967 (First edition)
569:Awards and recognition
442:Government of Pakistan
392:Government of Pakistan
2021:(Pir of Manki Sharif)
1983:Jalaludin Abdur Rahim
1948:Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas
1943:Hakeem Mohammad Saeed
1932:Abu Bakr Ahmad Haleem
1902:Shahnawaz Khan Mamdot
1662:Sadeq Mohammad Khan V
1500:
1491:
1482:
1430:Objectives Resolution
1370:Now or Never pamphlet
802:Ahmed, Feroz (1998).
622:University of Karachi
602:St. Stephen's College
589:On 20 November 2001,
584:President of Pakistan
494:Postcolonial Pakistan
419:University of Karachi
390:. He also joined the
361:After returning from
287:University of Karachi
254:from 1961 till 1971.
252:University of Karachi
140:St. Stephen's College
115:President of Pakistan
2040:Lady Abdullah Haroon
1807:Shabbir Ahmad Usmani
1762:Jogendra Nath Mandal
1712:Choudhary Rahmat Ali
1152:Ahmad, Aziz (1964).
998:Modern Asian Studies
425:Political activities
356:Choudhary Rahmat Ali
340:Cambridge University
144:Cambridge University
2490:People from Karachi
2085:Fatima Sughra Begum
1958:Sardar Ibrahim Khan
1912:Sikandar Hayat Khan
1862:Adamjee Haji Dawood
1742:Ghulam Bhik Nairang
1667:Mian Muhammad Shafi
1647:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
1632:Maulana Shaukat Ali
1627:Mohammad Ali Jauhar
1548:Renaissance Society
1538:Student Federations
1335:Partition of Bengal
1285:History of Pakistan
875:on 16 November 2014
400:Columbia University
291:history of Pakistan
279:Columbia University
190:Columbia University
125:Academic background
96:History of Pakistan
2095:Viqar-un-Nisa Noon
2055:Naseer Ahmad Malhi
2035:Jahanara Shahnawaz
1963:Fida Mohammad Khan
1938:Ghulam Rasool Mehr
1917:Shaukat Hayat Khan
1897:Mian Iftikharuddin
1872:Zafar Ahmad Usmani
1772:Khawaja Nazimuddin
1618:(Nawab Salimullah)
1503:
1494:
1485:
1440:Pakistani monarchy
1415:Partition of India
1305:East India Company
1217:. Dawn (newspaper)
758:. Dawn (newspaper)
434:, and then to the
377:Career in Pakistan
219:اشتیاق Řسين قریشی
194:Karachi University
2397:
2396:
2389:
2375:
2361:
2347:
2333:
2319:
2305:
2291:
2254:Deena Public Hall
2224:Pakistan Monument
2080:Sharif al Mujahid
2030:Hafeez Jalandhari
1802:Ashraf Ali Thanwi
1792:Qazi Mohammad Isa
1737:Jafar Khan Jamali
1702:Abdur Rab Nishtar
1697:Abdul Qayyum Khan
1672:Mian Abdul Rashid
1616:Khwaja Salimullah
1395:Direct Action Day
1390:Lahore Resolution
1380:Two nation theory
1365:Allahabad Address
1345:Khilafat Movement
1315:Deobandi Movement
1276:Pakistan Movement
1076:978-0-19-953309-1
576:Sitara-e-Pakistan
483:Pakistan Movement
352:Pakistan Movement
320:Khilafat movement
263:Pakistan Movement
207:
206:
186:Punjab University
106:Sitara-e-Pakistan
2502:
2383:
2369:
2355:
2341:
2327:
2313:
2299:
2285:
2249:National Library
2234:Ziarat Residency
2214:Minar-e-Pakistan
2146:Idea of Pakistan
2075:Habib Rahimtoola
2060:Ahmed Saeed Nagi
1882:Malik Barkat Ali
1877:Ahmed Ali Lahori
1717:A. K. Fazlul Huq
1687:Bahadur Yar Jung
1657:Liaquat Ali Khan
1637:Hakim Ajmal Khan
1492:Flag of Pakistan
1470:Protestant Islam
1465:British heritage
1455:National symbols
1450:Kashmir conflict
1350:Shuddhi movement
1325:Aligarh Movement
1320:Barelvi Movement
1269:
1262:
1255:
1246:
1245:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1157:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1116:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1100:. London: Luzac.
1093:
1080:
1079:
1056:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1004:(4): 1066–1105.
995:
987:
930:
923:
917:
904:
898:
891:
885:
884:
882:
880:
861:
840:
833:
827:
826:
824:
822:
799:
790:
789:
777:
768:
767:
765:
763:
751:
725:
722:
716:
712:
706:
703:
697:
693:
687:
684:
678:
674:
668:
665:
659:
656:
650:
643:
580:Star of Pakistan
367:Delhi University
308:Kasganj District
271:frontier regions
261:of the historic
221:
220:
182:Delhi University
66:
49:United Provinces
41:20 November 1903
40:
38:
21:
20:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2283:Youm-e-Pakistan
2268:
2264:Jinnah Terminal
2200:
2131:
2115:Abdullah Ropari
2019:Amin ul-Hasanat
1842:Abdullah Haroon
1823:
1722:Jamaat Ali Shah
1606:Syed Ahmad Khan
1591:
1504:
1495:
1486:
1474:
1405:Cabinet Mission
1291:
1278:
1273:
1236:
1231:
1230:
1220:
1218:
1211:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1150:
1146:
1109:
1105:
1094:
1083:
1077:
1049:
1045:
1037:
1033:
988:
933:
924:
920:
914:Wayback Machine
905:
901:
892:
888:
878:
876:
863:
862:
843:
834:
830:
820:
818:
816:
800:
793:
778:
771:
761:
759:
752:
739:
734:
729:
728:
723:
719:
713:
709:
704:
700:
694:
690:
685:
681:
675:
671:
666:
662:
657:
653:
644:
640:
635:
618:
571:
559:
540:
519:
505:
496:
464:Jadunath Sarkar
456:
451:
430:Elected to the
427:
394:as Minister of
379:
371:Partition riots
334:. He served as
304:
299:
248:Vice Chancellor
196:
192:
188:
184:
142:
138:
109:
64:
63:22 January 1981
55:
42:
36:
34:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2508:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2425:Muhajir people
2422:
2417:
2412:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2381:Youm-e-Viladat
2377:
2363:
2349:
2335:
2321:
2307:
2293:
2278:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2219:Bab-e-Pakistan
2216:
2210:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2141:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2025:Syed Wajid Ali
2022:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1929:
1927:Ziauddin Ahmad
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1852:Mahmoud Haroon
1849:
1844:
1839:
1833:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1814:
1812:Zafar Ali Khan
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1767:K. H. Khurshid
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1682:Mohsin-ul-Mulk
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1642:Muhammad Iqbal
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1622:Syed Ameer Ali
1619:
1613:
1608:
1601:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1567:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1420:Radcliffe Line
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1301:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1272:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1235:
1234:External links
1232:
1229:
1228:
1205:
1193:
1172:10.2307/596786
1166:(4): 420–421.
1144:
1125:(1): 287–288.
1103:
1081:
1075:
1043:
1031:
931:
918:
899:
893:Ashok Jaitly,
886:
841:
828:
814:
791:
769:
736:
735:
733:
730:
727:
726:
717:
707:
698:
688:
679:
669:
660:
651:
637:
636:
634:
631:
630:
629:
624:
617:
614:
613:
612:
605:
594:
587:
570:
567:
558:
555:
551:Satish Chandra
539:
536:
518:
515:
504:
501:
495:
492:
455:
452:
450:
447:
446:
445:
438:
426:
423:
378:
375:
310:, a town near
303:
300:
298:
295:
205:
204:
201:
200:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
160:
159:
153:
147:
146:
133:
127:
126:
122:
121:
118:
117:
111:Hilal-i-Imtiaz
103:
99:
98:
93:
92:Known for
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
67:(aged 77)
61:
57:
56:
43:
32:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2507:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2390:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2368:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2354:
2353:Youm-e-Tasees
2350:
2348:
2345:
2340:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2312:
2311:Youm-e-Takbir
2308:
2306:
2303:
2298:
2297:Youm-e-Dastur
2294:
2292:
2289:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2244:Wazir Mansion
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2229:Mazar-e-Quaid
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2065:Niaz Ali Khan
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1922:Muhammad Asad
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1892:Yusuf Khattak
1890:
1888:
1887:Aslam Khattak
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1777:Mahmud Husain
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1747:Hasrat Mohani
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1652:Fatima Jinnah
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1526:Bengal Branch
1524:
1522:
1521:Punjab Branch
1519:
1518:
1517:
1516:Muslim League
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:Organisations
1507:
1499:
1490:
1481:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1330:Urdu movement
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1197:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1148:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1107:
1099:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1078:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1047:
1040:
1035:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
994:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
928:
922:
915:
911:
908:
903:
896:
890:
874:
870:
866:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
838:
832:
817:
811:
807:
806:
798:
796:
787:
783:
776:
774:
757:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
737:
721:
711:
702:
692:
683:
673:
664:
655:
648:
642:
638:
628:
625:
623:
620:
619:
610:
606:
603:
599:
595:
592:
591:Pakistan Post
588:
585:
581:
577:
573:
572:
566:
564:
563:Fazlur Rahman
557:Miscellaneous
554:
552:
548:
546:
535:
532:
527:
525:
514:
512:
511:
500:
491:
489:
484:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
443:
439:
437:
433:
429:
428:
422:
420:
416:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
374:
372:
368:
364:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
316:Uttar Pradesh
313:
309:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
236:
231:
230:
225:
215:
211:
202:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
180:
176:
173:
170:
166:
163:Academic work
161:
157:
154:
152:
148:
145:
141:
137:
134:
132:
128:
123:
119:
116:
112:
107:
104:
100:
97:
94:
90:
87:
84:
80:
77:
74:
70:
62:
58:
54:
53:British India
50:
46:
33:
29:
22:
19:
2385:
2380:
2371:
2367:Youm-e-Iqbal
2366:
2357:
2352:
2343:
2339:Youm-e-Difah
2338:
2329:
2325:Youm-e-Azadi
2324:
2315:
2310:
2301:
2296:
2287:
2282:
2259:Bab-e-Khyber
2239:Iqbal's Tom'
2206:Architecture
2194:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2124:
2050:Fatima Begum
1997:
1988:Z. A. Suleri
1973:M. M. Sharif
1857:Altaf Husain
1847:Yusuf Haroon
1837:Hamid Nizami
1816:
1611:Aga Khan III
1585:
1578:
1571:
1563:
1445:Republic Day
1435:Independence
1375:World War II
1355:Nehru Report
1340:Lucknow Pact
1219:. Retrieved
1208:
1196:
1163:
1159:
1147:
1122:
1118:
1106:
1097:
1058:
1046:
1034:
1001:
997:
921:
902:
894:
889:
877:. Retrieved
873:the original
868:
831:
819:. Retrieved
804:
785:
760:. Retrieved
720:
710:
701:
691:
682:
672:
663:
654:
641:
597:
579:
560:
549:
544:
541:
530:
528:
523:
520:
508:
506:
497:
487:
480:
457:
412:
380:
365:, he joined
360:
347:
305:
256:
242:nationalist
234:
228:
224:I.H. Qureshi
223:
209:
208:
178:Institutions
158: (1939)
155:
65:(1981-01-22)
18:
2415:1981 deaths
2410:1903 births
2386:25 December
2344:6 September
1579:Nawa-i-Waqt
1558:Print media
1425:Durand Line
821:29 February
596:The annual
468:Peter Hardy
415:Ayub Khan's
354:founded by
82:Citizenship
72:Nationality
2404:Categories
2372:9 November
2358:24 October
2137:Literature
2003:Jalal Baba
1727:G. M. Syed
1586:Contractor
927:South Asia
815:0195779061
788:: 138–149.
732:References
454:Background
408:South Asia
275:parliament
168:Discipline
131:Alma mater
37:1903-11-20
2330:14 August
2274:In Memory
1993:G. Allana
1829:Activists
1180:0003-0279
1139:0078-6527
1026:149902946
1018:0026-749X
582:) by the
561:In 1952,
312:Allahabad
297:Biography
267:education
257:An early
244:historian
240:Pakistani
2302:10 April
2288:23 March
1936:Maulana
1543:Khaksars
1533:Unionist
1221:29 April
910:Archived
879:29 April
762:19 April
696:details.
616:See also
404:New York
336:lecturer
259:activist
238:, was a
86:Pakistan
76:Pakistan
2005:of NWFP
1597:Leaders
1297:History
786:Tanqeed
396:Refugee
363:England
332:Persian
324:history
250:of the
172:History
45:Patyali
2316:28 May
1570:Daily
1188:596786
1186:
1178:
1137:
1119:Oriens
1073:
1024:
1016:
812:
488:Muslim
388:Lahore
342:for a
151:Thesis
102:Awards
1184:JSTOR
1022:S2CID
677:take.
647:SEATO
633:Notes
326:from
2126:more
1818:more
1604:Sir
1572:Jang
1564:Dawn
1223:2022
1176:ISSN
1135:ISSN
1071:ISBN
1014:ISSN
881:2022
823:2020
810:ISBN
764:2018
269:and
214:Urdu
60:Died
31:Born
1168:doi
1127:doi
1063:doi
1006:doi
410:.
344:PhD
314:in
2406::
1182:.
1174:.
1164:84
1162:.
1158:.
1133:.
1123:17
1121:.
1117:.
1084:^
1069:,
1057:,
1020:.
1012:.
1002:53
1000:.
996:.
934:^
867:.
844:^
794:^
784:.
772:^
740:^
474:,
462:,
402:,
386:,
358:.
293:.
235:HI
232:,
229:SP
226:,
216::
51:,
47:,
2388:)
2384:(
2374:)
2370:(
2360:)
2356:(
2346:)
2342:(
2332:)
2328:(
2318:)
2314:(
2304:)
2300:(
2290:)
2286:(
1287:(
1268:e
1261:t
1254:v
1225:.
1190:.
1170::
1141:.
1129::
1065::
1028:.
1008::
883:.
825:.
766:.
604:.
586:.
578:(
444:.
212:(
39:)
35:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.