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Isabella and Albert were very supportive of the arts. In their patronage, they selected artists who were able create works that would promote the chief political goals of the
Archdukes: to show that their reign was a continuation of the rule of the previous Burgundian and Habsburg rulers as well as
790:
It became the testing ground for the
Spanish Monarchy's European plans, a boiling pot full of people of all sorts: from artists and diplomats to defectors, spies and penitent traitors, from Spanish confessors, Italian counselors, Burgundian functionaries, English musicians, German bodyguards to the
1021:
over the territory of the
Southern Netherlands and largely succeeded in reconciling previous anti-Spanish sentiments. As a result, the States of the loyal provinces swore to accept the Spanish king as heir of the Archduke and Archduchess in a number of ceremonies between May 1616 and January 1617.
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before the wedding could take place. Shortly before Philip II died on 13 September 1598, he resigned the thrones of the
Netherlands in favor of Isabella and her fiancé. The Pope celebrated the union by procuration on 15 November at Ferrera. On 18 April 1599, 33-year-old Isabella married Albert in
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Through such measures and by the appointment of a generation of committed bishops, Albert and
Isabella laid the foundation of the Catholic confessionalisation of the population. New and reformed religious orders enjoyed the particular support of the rulers. Although the Archduke had certain
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The actions of the two rulers stimulated the growth of a separate South
Netherlandish identity. However, Albert and Isabella's children died at a very young age and as the years passed, it became clear that they would have no more offspring and thus independence wouldn't be possible.
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to promote the ideals of the revitalized
Catholic Church of which they were the staunch defenders. Their favorite artists created new iconography and genres that captured the devoutness and splendor of the archducal court. Their patronage of such artists and architects as
1147:. Their magnificent collections were scattered after 1633, and considerable parts of them have been lost. Still, the Archdukes enjoy a well-merited reputation as patrons of the arts. By far, the best preserved ensemble of art from the archducal period is to be found at
870:
The period of the Truce brought the
Habsburg Netherlands a much-needed peace, mainly because the fields could be again worked in safety. The archducal regime encouraged reclamation of land that had been inundated in the course of the hostilities and sponsored the
969:
Under the terms of legislation passed in 1609, their presence was tolerated, provided they did not worship in public or engage in religious activities. The resolutions of the Third
Provincial Council of Mechlin of 1607 were likewise given official sanction.
676:. However, Isabella had to wait for more than 20 years before the eccentric Rudolf declared that he had no intention of marrying anybody. Meanwhile, she served as her father's primary caretaker during the last three years of his life, when he was plagued by
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but should a female succeed, she was required to marry the King of Spain or the person chosen by the King of Spain. It was stipulated that, should they have no children, the
Netherlands would revert to the King of Spain upon the death of either spouse.
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proved unsuccessful, the Habsburg policy in the Low Countries aimed at regaining the military initiative and isolating the Dutch Republic. The strategy was to force its opponents to the conference table and negotiate from a position of strength.
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on 9 April 1609. Under the Truce's terms, the United Provinces were to be regarded as a sovereign power for the duration of the truce. After four decades of war, the treaty brought a period of much-needed peace to the Southern Netherlands.
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at the time, influenced the Infanta's artistic works. Isabella was the only person whom King Philip permitted to help him with his work, sorting his papers and translating Italian documents into the Spanish language for him.
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Mangsen, S. (1 May 2007). "Biagio Marini, Sonate Sinfonie: Canzoni, Passemezzi, Balletti, Correnti, Gagliarde, & Ritornelli, a 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6 voci per ogni sorte di stromento, Opera VIII, ed. Maura Zoni".
1955:
Mangsen, S. (1 May 2007). "Biagio Marini, Sonate Sinfonie: Canzoni, Passemezzi, Balletti, Correnti, Gagliarde, & Ritornelli, a 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6 voci per ogni sorte di stromento, Opera VIII, ed. Maura Zoni".
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in 1588. The movie portrays Isabella as Philip's choice to replace Elizabeth on the throne of England. She was portrayed by actress Aimee King as a young girl rather than at the correct age of 19 years.
537:, their stepmother's lady-in-waiting, and some of their mother's own ladies-in-waiting, such as Claude de Vineulx. Both sisters were described as intelligent and well aware of their high social status.
779:, was the perfect tool. This, coupled with the political configuration of the period, made the Archduke's court at Brussels one of the foremost political and artistic centers in Europe of that time.
1171:, alongside her mother-in-law Maria. She continued to take an active interest in the convent, and donated major artworks to it, including a famous series of Brussels tapestries, designed by
1005:, for instance, reformed the judicial system and ushered in the transition from customary to written law. Other measures dealt with monetary matters, the nobility, duels, gambling, etc.
966:
in the Habsburg Netherlands. Most Protestants had by that stage left the Southern Netherlands. After one last execution in 1597, those that remained were no longer actively persecuted.
692:. He was her former fiancé's younger brother, the former viceroy. They were to reign over the Netherlands jointly and be succeeded by their descendants according to the male-preference
5988:
845:'s campaigns induced the Dutch Republic to accept a ceasefire in April 1609. The subsequent negotiations between the warring parties failed to produce a peace treaty, but led to the
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514:, was born. Their parents were very close to their daughters, buying them jams, dolls, toys, and more. However, their mother miscarried a daughter in 1568 and died the same day.
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521:, Philip's fourth wife. The sisters developed a close relationship. Their father ultimately fathered five children by Anna, all of whom died in early childhood except his heir,
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Her father was reportedly overjoyed at her birth and declared himself to be happier on the occasion than he would have been at the birth of a son. He already had a male heir,
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476:, but due to the Prince’s mental illness and emotional instability, father and son had never developed a close rapport and frequently lived in conflict with one another.
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in the Southern Netherlands depended wholly on the personal initiative of the archducal couple and bore witness to the Spanish orientation of their spirituality.
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together. Their reign is a key period in the history of the Spanish Netherlands. After Albert's death, Isabella was appointed Governor of the Netherlands on the
417:
Their reign is considered the Golden Age of the Spanish Netherlands, which saw a revival of its economy and arts after a peace was concluded with the break-away
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After that, Albert and Isabella's goal became the reincorporation of the Southern Provinces into the Spanish monarchy. They consolidated the authority of the
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Doubtful and dangerous: The question of succession in late Elizabethan England Doubtful and dangerous: The question of succession in late Elizabethan England
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As Infanta of Spain and Portugal, Isabella was quite eligible on the political marriage market, though she ended up marrying late for her time.
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caused a lot of diplomatic tension between London and Brussels, but the relations between the two courts tended to be cordial on the whole.
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The recovery of agriculture led in turn to a modest increase of the population (and thus workers) after decades of demographic losses.
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of the loyal provinces were only summoned once in 1600. Thereafter, the government preferred to deal directly with the provinces.
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and in particular the luxury trades likewise underwent a recovery, bringing considerable economic stability and prosperity to the
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1821:"Frans Pourbus the Younger (Antwerp 1569 – Paris 1622) – The Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia (1566–1633), Archduchess of Austria"
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received the largest cash grants, allowing them to complete their ambitious building programmes in Brussels and Antwerp. The
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2101:"Antes de Flandes. La correspondencia de Isabel Clara Eugenia con Felipe III desde las Descalzas Reales en el otoño de 1598"
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The years of the Truce allowed the archducal regime to promulgate legislation on a whole range of matters. The so-called
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The reign of Albert and Isabella Clara Eugenia saw a strengthening of princely power in the Habsburg Netherlands. The
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At any rate, her mother had ceded any claim to the French crown with her marriage to the Spanish king. However, the
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Anne T. Woollett and Ariane van Suchtelen; with contributions by Tiarna Doherty, Mark Leonard, and Jørgen Wadum,
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Belgian Nobles. Brussels became a vital link in the chain of Habsburg Courts and the diplomatic conduits between
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Isabella had a very good education. Her studies presumably included good manners, mathematics, and the languages
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598:, in power of the Catholic party, gave verdict that Isabella was "the legitimate sovereign" of France. The
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3143:. Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished and outlawed in 1919.
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Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished and outlawed in 1919.
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1222:, where the Armada has been successful, Isabella Clara Eugenia is temporarily made Queen of England.
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Philip decided to cede the Spanish Netherlands to Isabella on condition that she marry her cousin,
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on 2 August 1589, Philip II claimed the French crown on Isabella's behalf despite France's
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830:. The return to peace was severely hampered by differences over religion. Events such as the
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The first half of Albert and Isabella's reign was dominated by war. After overtures to the
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Maria de las Mercedes, Princess of Asturias and Princess Carlos of Bourbon-Two-Sicilies
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Isabella Clara Eugenia's coat of arms as Infanta of Spain shows the fleurs-de-lis of
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social classes, Albert and Isabella used the most diverse media. Visual art, in the
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Jeton with portraits of Archdukes Albert and Isabella, struck in Antwerp in 1612.
835:
713:. They had three children who died at a very young age, in 1605, 1607, and 1609.
488:
371:
421:. Isabella was one of the most powerful women in 16th- and 17th-century Europe.
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were given considerable sums as well. The foundation of the first convents of
786:
Isabella Clara Eugenia's coat of arms as sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands
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Isabel Clara Eugenia: Female Sovereignty in the Courts of Madrid and Brussels
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491:. She was named after her mother, the day of her birth, and the devotion to
2112:
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wore her portrait in a locket as a public token of friendship and kinship.
826:. On 24 July 1604, England, Spain and the Archducal Netherlands signed the
1135:
However, virtually nothing remains of Albert and Isabella's palace on the
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897:. The archducal regime had plans to bypass the blockade with a system of
648:
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1969:
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Chronica Nova. Revista de Historia Moderna de la Universidad de Granada
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Isabella and Catherine grew up beloved by their father and stepmother,
893:
However, international trade was hampered by the closure of the River
879:, a marshy area that is presently astride the Belgian–French border.
2728:
1992:
Anna of Denmark: The Material and Visual Culture of the Stuart Courts
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on 12 August 1566. She was the first surviving daughter of King
4895:
1791:"Isabel Clara Eugenia tenía años cuando llegó a la casa Thair Julia"
1155:, and the de Noles to create a pilgrimage church in a planned city.
24:
1144:
1060:. As Governess, Isabella alternated successes, such as that of the
710:
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272:
2033:"The Archdukes Albert and Isabella Visiting a Collector's Cabinet"
822:
as James I in England had paved the way for a separate peace with
4926:
3897:
Maria Henrietta, Princess of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst
975:
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767:
In pursuit of that goal and to get their political agenda to all
439:
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Isabella Clara Eugenia, Co-sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands
1231:, Isabella appeared in a minor role at the side of her father,
1168:
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906:
902:
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808:
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544:, French and Italian besides her native Spanish. Famous artist
480:
398:; 12 August 1566 – 1 December 1633), sometimes referred to as
5333:
Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz and Viscountess of La Torre
922:
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914:
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At the age of two, Isabella was promised to marry her cousin
495:, whose body her father had transferred the year before from
5316:
Maria de las Mercedes, Princess Irakli Bagration of Mukhrani
672:(18 July 1552 – 20 January 1612), son of her aunt
6037:
Freiin Francesca Thyssen-Bornemisza de Kászon et Impérfalva
4871:
also a princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duchess in Saxony
1862:"A view from abroad: continental powers and the succession"
1064:
in 1625, with failures and setbacks, such as the losses of
800:
677:
479:
Isabella was baptized by Juan Bautista Castaneo, apostolic
2983:
1235:, at the time of the attempted invasion of England by the
735:
Beginning in 1601, the Archduke and Archduchess ruled the
704:, he had to be released from his religious commitments by
4855:* also an infanta of Spain and an archduchess of Austria
3461:
Maria Anna Josepha, Electoral Princess of the Palatinate
1122:
Infante Isabella in the Gardens of the Coudenberg Palace
1110:, and stimulated the growth of the artistic movement of
933:, the government supported the creation of a network of
618:, Isabella was suggested as a Catholic candidate in the
5283:
Blanca, Archduchess Leopold Salvator of Austria-Tuscany
5189:
María Cristina, Infanta Sebastian of Portugal and Spain
1797:(in European Spanish). 26 November 2014. Archived from
6170:
Burials at the Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula
5700:
Princess Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
5429:
1175:. These depict Isabella as the order's patron saint, "
5228:
María de la Paz, Princess Ludwig Ferdinand of Bavaria
4804:
Maria Teresa, Princess Karl Ludwig of Thurn und Taxis
4166:
Infanta Isabel, Holy Roman Empress and Queen of Spain
3129:
533:
Isabella and Catherine were raised under the care of
1859:
458:
Infantas Isabella Clara Eugenia and Catalina Micaela
5797:
Princess Hermine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
3139:Generations are numbered by male-line descent from
1192:Isabella Clara Eugenia is a minor character in the
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5201:María Luisa Carlota, Hereditary Princess of Saxony
5140:María Luisa, Queen of Etruria and Duchess of Lucca
4816:Maria Ana, Princess Karl August of Thurn und Taxis
3811:Margaretha Klementine, Princess of Thurn and Taxis
2645:
2377:
1052:After Albert's death in 1621, Isabella joined the
609:
434:Isabella Clara Eugenia of Austria was born in the
2133:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
568:
503:with her mother's help through her brother, King
410:and the north of modern France with her husband,
6081:
5858:Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria, Duchess of Modena
5695:Princess Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg
4751:Maria Teresa, Archduchess Karl Ludwig of Austria
4479:Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal and Asturias
3881:Princess Karoline Marie of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1913:"Isabella Clara Eugenia, archduchess of Austria"
1151:, where Albert and Isabella directed Cobergher,
962:The archducal regime ensured the triumph of the
6071:also an archduchess of Austria in her own right
5989:Princess Maria of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg
5338:Infanta Margarita, Duchess of Soria and Hernani
1056:but continued to rule on behalf of her nephew,
841:The threat of diplomatic isolation and General
577:, was assassinated by the fanatical young monk
5679:Countess Palatine Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg
5166:Infanta Luisa Fernanda, Duchess of Montpensier
5135:María Amalia, Infanta Antonio Pascual of Spain
1163:For a month in 1598 Isabella had lived in the
16:Sovereign of the Netherlands from 1598 to 1621
5900:Princess Maria Immaculata of the Two Sicilies
5884:Princess Maria Annunciata of the Two Sicilies
5415:
4911:
4745:Infanta Maria das Neves, Duchess of San Jaime
4128:
3456:Eleanor, Queen of Poland, Duchess of Lorraine
3115:
2346:
747:, the third son of her half-brother in 1633.
743:'s behalf. She was succeeded as Governor by
3933:Elisabeth Marie, Princess of Windisch-Graetz
2169:L'Infante Isabelle, Gouvernante des Pays-Bas
2099:Prieto, Elisabeth García (1 December 2014).
5943:Princess Maria Cristina of the Two Sicilies
5773:Princess Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily
5310:Isabel Alfonsa, Countess Jan Kanty Zamoyski
5300:Infanta Beatriz, Princess of Citivella-Cesi
5278:María Teresa, Princess Ferdinand of Bavaria
4839:Infanta Maria Francisca, Duchess of Coimbra
4757:Maria José, Duchess Karl Theodor in Bavaria
4684:Infanta Maria Francisca, Countess of Molina
952:Portrait of Isabella Clara Eugenia As a Nun
5853:Princess Clotilde of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
5847:Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria
5791:Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia
5422:
5408:
4918:
4904:
4699:Infanta Ana de Jesus, Marchioness of Loulé
4658:Mariana Victoria, Infanta Gabriel of Spain
4135:
4121:
3790:Maria Luisa, Princess of Isenburg-Büdingen
3122:
3108:
2360:
2353:
2339:
2002:
2000:
1008:
224:Independent Sovereignty of the Netherlands
138:
5088:María Antonia Fernanda, Queen of Sardinia
4810:Isabel Maria, Princess of Thurn und Taxis
4339:Infanta Beatriz, Countess of Alburquerque
4297:Infanta Maria, Lady of Meneses and Orduña
3962:Margarita, Marchioness Taliani di Marchio
3368:Maria Maddalena, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
3338:Maria Christina, Princess of Transylvania
2051:Rubens and Brueghel: A Working Friendship
1878:10.7228/manchester/9780719086069.003.0013
510:A year later, Isabella's younger sister,
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
5673:Archduchess Claudia Felicitas of Austria
5183:Infanta Josefa Fernanda, Mrs. José Guëll
5171:Isabel Fernanda, Countess Ignaz Gurowski
5083:María Teresa Rafaela, Dauphine of France
4973:Isabel Clara Eugenia, Duchess of Brabant
4763:Infanta Adelgundes, Duchess of Guimarães
4674:Infanta Maria Teresa, Countess of Molina
4142:
3848:Margarete Sophie, Duchess of Württemberg
3720:Maria Theresa, Queen of the Two Sicilies
3698:Marie Caroline, Crown Princess of Saxony
2159:Albert & Isabella, 1598–1621: Essays
1864:. In Susan Doran; Paulina Kewes (eds.).
1116:
1047:
1024:
946:
861:
781:
715:
641:
555:
452:
5750:Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa
5635:Archduchess Maria Leopoldine of Austria
5305:Infanta María Cristina, Countess Marone
5238:Infanta María Isabel, Countess of Paris
5145:María Isabel, Queen of the Two Sicilies
5114:Isabella, Archduchess Joseph of Austria
4574:Catarina, Queen of England and Scotland
2062:
1997:
1954:
1935:
1933:
1072:in 1632. She died in Brussels in 1633.
730:
292:Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula
6082:
6067:also a princess of Tuscany by marriage
5177:Infanta Luisa Teresa, Duchess of Sessa
4769:Maria Ana, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
4152:The generations indicate descent form
3778:Princess Auguste Ferdinande of Bavaria
3740:Marie Henriette, Queen of the Belgians
3660:Maria Leopoldine, Electress of Bavaria
2157:Werner Thomas and Luc Duerloo (eds.),
2098:
1618:
1498:
1494:
1484:
1376:
1266:
1262:
622:as she was a legitimate descendant of
6155:Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands
6063:*also an infanta of Spain by marriage
5803:Duchess Maria Dorothea of Württemberg
5785:Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg
5403:
5256:Maria de las Mercedes, Queen of Spain
4925:
4899:
4822:Infanta Maria Adelaide, Mrs. van Uden
4489:Infanta Catarina, Duchess of Braganza
4334:Infanta Maria, Marchioness of Tortosa
4174:Infanta Catarina, Duchess of Braganza
4116:
4090:also an infanta of Spain and Portugal
3986:Hedwig, Countess of Stolberg-Stolberg
3887:Princess Maria Christina of Salm-Salm
3642:Maria Clementina, Duchess of Calabria
3466:Claudia Felicitas, Holy Roman Empress
3194:Isabella, Queen of Denmark and Norway
3188:Eleanor, Queen of Portugal and France
3103:
2982:
2644:
2376:
2334:
1944:. s11-VI (149): 351. 2 November 1912.
1694:
1684:
1680:
1668:
1662:
1652:
1636:
1626:
1622:
1606:
1600:
1590:
1574:
1564:
1560:
1548:
1542:
1532:
1516:
1506:
1502:
1478:
1468:
1452:
1442:
1438:
1426:
1420:
1410:
1394:
1384:
1380:
1364:
1358:
1348:
1332:
1322:
1318:
1306:
1300:
1290:
1274:
1270:
1186:
1139:in Brussels, their summer retreat in
989:
775:style popularized in the wake of the
745:Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria
637:
321:
125:Archduchess Isabella Clara of Austria
5955:Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria
5911:Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria
5651:Countess Palatine Hedwig of Sulzbach
5233:Infanta Eulalia, Duchess of Galliera
5218:Infanta Isabel, Countess of Girgenti
5195:Amalia, Princess Adalbert of Bavaria
5030:Margarita Teresa, Holy Roman Empress
4721:Infanta Januária, Countess of Aquila
4505:Isabel Clara, Archduchess of Austria
4292:Constança, Queen of Castile and León
4049:Maria-Anna, Princess Piotr Galitzine
3980:Elisabeth, Countess of Waldburg-Zeil
3892:Princess Maria Anna of Bourbon Parma
3445:Margarita Teresa, Holy Roman Empress
3423:Maria Leopoldine, Holy Roman Empress
3245:Maria, Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
1930:
1849:. s11-VI (145): 272. 5 October 1912.
1080:
1075:
815:could be said to run through there.
325:
207:Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
6195:People from the Spanish Netherlands
6052:Princess Marie Astrid of Luxembourg
5779:Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily
5546:Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal
5130:Carlota Joaquina, Queen of Portugal
5078:Mariana Victoria, Queen of Portugal
4863:also an imperial princess of Brazil
4792:Maria Ana, Princess Georg of Saxony
4484:Maria, Hereditary Princess of Parma
4271:Infanta Branca, Lady of Las Huelgas
4234:Infanta Branca, Lady of Guadalajara
4054:Sophie, Princess of Windisch-Graetz
4023:Princess Elisabeth of Liechtenstein
3858:Princess Elisabeth of Liechtenstein
3784:Maria Isabella, Countess of Trapani
3756:Maria Beatrix, Countess of Montizón
3750:Maria Theresa, Countess of Chambord
3688:Maria Leopoldina, Empress of Brazil
3683:Marie Louise, Empress of the French
3572:Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen
3482:Maria Antonia, Electress of Bavaria
3200:Maria, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia
2313:Governor of the Spanish Netherlands
1252:Ancestors of Isabella Clara Eugenia
1199:. She is most notable in the novel
1158:
721:Archdukes Albert and Isabella Clara
159:
13:
6180:Spanish people of Austrian descent
5431:Austrian archduchesses by marriage
4978:Catalina Micaela, Duchess of Savoy
4935:Generations indicate descent from
4511:Catalina Micaela, Duchess of Savoy
4355:Beatriz, Queen of Castile and León
3806:Maria Dorothea, Duchess of Orléans
3666:Maria Ludovika, Empress of Austria
3302:Catalina Micaela, Duchess of Savoy
2008:"Albert VII | Archduke of Austria"
1639:Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino
1090:(their court painter since 1609),
974:reservations about the order, the
14:
6216:
6005:Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen
5917:Princess Auguste Maria of Bavaria
5889:Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal
5738:Princess Maria Josepha of Bavaria
5667:Infanta Margaret Theresa of Spain
4798:Antónia, Princess of Hohenzollern
4411:Infanta Beatriz, Duchess of Viseu
4406:Isabel, Queen of Castile and León
4018:Charlotte, Duchess of Mecklenburg
3917:Mechthildis, Princess Czartoryski
3418:Isabella Clara, Duchess of Mantua
3141:Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor
3131:Austrian archduchesses by descent
2175:
750:
5938:Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony
5815:Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy
5767:Duchess Elisabeth of Württemberg
4733:Francisca, Princess of Joinville
4386:Joana, Queen of Castile and León
4313:Maria, Queen of Castile and León
4224:Infanta Sancha, Lady of Alenquer
3992:Margaret, Princess of Monteleone
3714:Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia
3654:Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia
3528:Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress
3408:Maria Anna, Electress of Bavaria
3280:Joanna, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
3029:
2727:
2469:
1030:Albert and Isabella Visiting an
614:Following the 1587 execution of
381:
23:
5109:María Luisa, Holy Roman Empress
4775:Maria Antónia, Duchess of Parma
4590:Isabel Luísa, Princess of Beira
4463:Infanta Maria, Duchess of Viseu
3869:Luise, Crown Princess of Saxony
3816:Maria Theresa, Queen of Bavaria
3801:Maria Christina, Queen of Spain
3693:Clementina, Princess of Salerno
3630:Maria Theresia, Queen of Saxony
3602:Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples
3538:Princess Maria Anna of Lorraine
3413:Cecilia Renata, Queen of Poland
2144:
2092:
2056:
2043:
2025:
1984:
1697:Madeleine de la Tour d'Auvergne
1165:Convent of Las Descalzas Reales
690:Albert VII, Archduke of Austria
610:Candidate to the English throne
317:
305:Albert VII, Archduke of Austria
34:needs additional citations for
6175:Children of Philip II of Spain
6120:17th-century House of Habsburg
6115:16th-century House of Habsburg
5983:Princess Rosemary of Salm-Salm
5391:*title granted by Royal Decree
5354:Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo
3938:Helena, Duchess of Württemberg
3608:Maria Antonia, Queen of France
3584:Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma
3523:Maria Josepha, Queen of Poland
3439:Maria Theresa, Queen of France
3396:Maria Anna, Holy Roman Empress
2115:(inactive 12 September 2024).
1948:
1940:"omitted from original cite".
1905:
1894:
1853:
1845:"omitted from original cite".
1838:
1813:
1783:
1752:
1114:, sculpture and architecture.
569:Candidate to the French throne
487:. Her godfather was her uncle
412:Archduke Albert VII of Austria
216:13 July 1621 – 1 December 1633
1:
5933:Princess Stéphanie of Belgium
5879:Princess Margaretha of Saxony
5874:Princess Charlotte of Belgium
5842:Princess Hildegard of Bavaria
5836:Princess Maria Anna of Saxony
5597:Duchess Maria Anna of Bavaria
5569:Duchess Maria Anna of Bavaria
5025:María Teresa, Queen of France
5004:María Ana, Holy Roman Empress
4563:María Teresa, Queen of France
4540:María Ana, Holy Roman Empress
3997:Ilona, Duchess of Mecklenburg
3492:Maria Anna, Queen of Portugal
3156:Kunigunde, Duchess of Bavaria
2248:Countess Palatine of Burgundy
1860:Thomas M. McCoog, SJ (2014).
1777:
1303:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
670:Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
663:
424:
6010:Princess Margherita of Savoy
5744:Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain
5623:Princess Elisabeth of France
5525:Infanta Isabella of Portugal
5375:Leonor, Princess of Asturias
4957:Joanna, Princess of Portugal
4679:Maria Isabel, Queen of Spain
4642:Benedita, Princess of Brazil
4427:Joanna, Princess of Portugal
4239:Berengária, Queen of Denmark
4198:Teresa, Countess of Flanders
4156:, and continues through the
3944:Rosa, Duchess of Württemberg
3902:Princess Isabella of Bavaria
3229:Joanna, Princess of Portugal
3206:Catherine, Queen of Portugal
2107:(in Spanish) (40): 327–349.
1143:, or their hunting lodge in
939:based on the Italian model.
429:
155:Sovereign of the Netherlands
7:
6105:17th-century Spanish people
6100:16th-century Spanish people
6042:Duchess Eilika of Oldenburg
5809:Princess Elisabeth of Savoy
5585:Archduchess Anna of Austria
5530:Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
5457:Mechthild of the Palatinate
4879:Also a princess of Braganza
4437:Isabel, Duchess of Braganza
4396:Beatriz, Lady of Ravenstein
4360:Isabel, Duchess of Burgundy
3745:Adelaide, Queen of Sardinia
3270:Barbara, Duchess of Ferrara
2279:(6 May 1598 – 13 July 1621)
1994:. Manchester, 2020. p. 141.
1870:Manchester University Press
1577:Claude, Duchess of Brittany
1243:
1104:Pieter Brueghel the Younger
942:
683:
10:
6221:
6110:16th-century Spanish women
6047:Princess Astrid of Belgium
5977:Princess Ileana of Romania
5949:Princess Blanca of Bourbon
5831:Princess Sophie of Bavaria
5732:Princess Isabella of Parma
5629:Infanta Maria Ana of Spain
4376:Leonor, Holy Roman Empress
4096:also a princess of Tuscany
4044:Walburga, Countess Douglas
3912:Renata, Princess Radziwill
3838:Princess Gisela of Bavaria
3451:Maria Anna, Queen of Spain
3363:Constance, Queen of Poland
3313:Elisabeth, Queen of France
3260:Eleanor, Duchess of Mantua
3255:Catherine, Queen of Poland
3235:Elisabeth, Queen of Poland
3172:Margaret, Duchess of Savoy
2933:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
2323:Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand
2306:Archduke Albert of Austria
2154:(Madrid and London, 2011).
1825:www.royalcollection.org.uk
1766:with the titular title of
1612:
1496:
1370:
1264:
857:
630:) and her father had been
573:After her maternal uncle,
474:Carlos, Prince of Asturias
122:
6165:17th-century Spanish nuns
6125:17th-century women rulers
6060:
6029:
6015:Princess Yolande of Ligne
5997:
5964:
5925:
5906:Princess Isabella of Croÿ
5866:
5823:
5759:
5724:
5708:
5687:
5659:
5615:
5577:
5538:
5517:
5501:
5488:Anne, Duchess of Brittany
5483:Mary, Duchess of Burgundy
5475:
5444:
5437:
5388:
5367:
5346:
5325:
5292:
5265:
5210:
5153:
5122:
5096:
5070:
5054:
5038:
5017:
4986:
4965:
4952:María, Holy Roman Empress
4944:
4933:
4852:
4831:
4784:
4707:
4694:Infanta Maria da Assunção
4666:
4650:
4619:
4603:
4582:
4555:
4520:
4497:
4471:
4458:Beatriz, Duchess of Savoy
4445:
4432:Leonor, Queen of Portugal
4419:
4391:Isabel, Queen of Portugal
4368:
4347:
4326:
4305:
4284:
4263:
4247:
4229:Mafalda, Queen of Castile
4211:
4185:
4181:
4150:
4102:also a princess of Modena
4078:
4062:
4031:
4005:
3925:
3825:
3765:
3675:
3617:
3546:
3515:
3474:
3431:
3376:
3288:
3223:Maria, Holy Roman Empress
3215:
3180:
3164:
3148:
3137:
3038:
3027:
2996:
2992:
2985:Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
2978:
2931:
2900:
2877:
2854:
2784:
2736:
2725:
2658:
2654:
2640:
2569:
2524:
2501:
2478:
2467:
2392:Elder House of Luxembourg
2390:
2386:
2372:
2319:
2310:
2297:
2292:
2282:
2270:6 May 1598 – 13 July 1621
2209:
2182:
1682:
1674:
1646:
1624:
1620:
1584:
1562:
1554:
1526:
1504:
1500:
1462:
1440:
1432:
1404:
1382:
1378:
1342:
1320:
1312:
1284:
1268:
1228:Elizabeth: The Golden Age
1202:1634: The Bavarian Crisis
1054:Third Order of St Francis
795:, Vienna, Paris, London,
654:Frans Pourbus the Younger
620:succession to Elizabeth I
377:
367:
357:
347:
335:
298:
286:
262:
242:
238:
228:
220:
212:
205:
195:
185:
175:
171:6 May 1598 – 13 July 1621
167:
153:
137:
132:
6205:Female governors-general
5509:Joanna, Queen of Castile
4595:Infanta Francisca Josefa
4569:Joana, Princess of Beira
4255:Leonor, Queen of Denmark
4084:also an infanta of Spain
3358:Margaret, Queen of Spain
3328:Anna, Holy Roman Empress
3240:Anna, Duchess of Bavaria
3040:House of Nassau-Weilburg
2738:House of Valois-Burgundy
2222:
2214:
2150:Cordula Van Wyhe (ed.),
1768:Duke/Duchess of Burgundy
1745:
1112:Flemish Baroque painting
528:
497:Saint Dionysius of Paris
123:Not to be confused with
58:"Isabella Clara Eugenia"
5894:Princess Anna of Saxony
5223:Infanta María del Pilar
4611:Bárbara, Queen of Spain
4318:Leonor, Queen of Aragon
2184:Isabella Clara Eugenia
2012:Encyclopedia Britannica
1917:Encyclopedia Britannica
1009:Relationship with Spain
466:Jooris van der Straeten
402:, was sovereign of the
5972:Princess Zita of Parma
5591:Isabella Clara Eugenia
5558:Infanta Maria of Spain
5250:Infanta María Cristina
4453:Isabel, Queen of Spain
3968:Princess Maria Antonia
2998:House of Orange-Nassau
2820:Isabella Clara Eugenia
2113:10.30827/cn.v0i40.2562
2037:The Walters Art Museum
1481:Isabella Clara Eugenia
1132:
1106:, the De Nole family,
1096:Jan Brueghel the Elder
1044:
1041:Hieronymus Francken II
1037:Jan Brueghel the Elder
959:
867:
787:
761:Elizabeth I of England
727:
694:cognatic primogeniture
680:and frequent illness.
657:
565:
469:
406:, which comprised the
400:Clara Isabella Eugenia
395:
392:Isabella Clara Eugenia
133:Isabella Clara Eugenia
4219:Teresa, Queen of León
4193:Urraca, Queen of León
3384:Anna, Queen of France
3333:Anna, Queen of Poland
2503:House of Hohenstaufen
1120:
1048:Final years and death
1028:
1003:Eternal Edict of 1611
950:
865:
785:
719:
645:
559:
462:Alonso Sánchez Coello
456:
5564:Anna Juliana Gonzaga
5244:Infanta Maria Amelia
5104:Infanta María Josefa
4994:Ana, Queen of France
4739:Infanta Maria Amélia
4689:Infanta Isabel Maria
4528:Ana, Queen of France
4144:Infantas of Portugal
3348:Gregoria Maximiliana
3318:Margaret (1567–1633)
3308:Anna, Queen of Spain
2879:House of Wittelsbach
1872:. pp. 257–275.
1665:Catherine de' Medici
1423:Isabella of Portugal
1397:Manuel I of Portugal
1130:Jan Baptist van Heil
984:Discalced Carmelites
964:Catholic Reformation
888:Southern Netherlands
820:James VI of Scotland
731:Habsburg Netherlands
702:Archbishop of Toledo
616:Mary, Queen of Scots
604:Henry III of Navarre
546:Sofonisba Anguissola
535:Margarita de Cardona
505:Charles IX of France
446:and his third wife,
396:Isabel Clara Eugenia
324:; died
233:Ferdinand of Austria
146:Sofonisba Anguissola
43:improve this article
6145:Austrian princesses
6140:Portuguese infantas
6130:People from Segovia
6020:Laetitia d'Arenberg
5493:Bianca Maria Sforza
5467:Catherine of Saxony
5462:Eleanor of Scotland
5452:Eleanor of Portugal
3735:Elisabeth Franziska
3353:Eleanor (1582–1620)
2379:County of Luxemburg
2293:Government offices
2243:Margravine of Namur
2165:Marie de Villermont
1603:Elisabeth of Valois
1519:Francis I of France
1335:Joanna I of Castile
1277:Philip I of Castile
1092:Wenceslas Cobergher
847:Twelve Years' Truce
777:Counter-Reformation
737:Spanish Netherlands
575:Henry III of France
448:Elisabeth of Valois
404:Spanish Netherlands
362:Elisabeth of Valois
6200:Daughters of kings
6190:Aragonese infantas
6185:Castilian infantas
5607:Claudia de' Medici
2647:Duchy of Luxemburg
2302:Title last held by
2286:Philip IV of Spain
2253:Countess of Artois
2225:Duchess of Brabant
2218:Philip II of Spain
1758:Monarchs from the
1545:Henry II of France
1361:Philip II of Spain
1233:Philip II of Spain
1187:In popular culture
1133:
1045:
990:Legislative system
960:
909:to the Scheldt in
868:
788:
728:
700:As Albert was the
658:
638:Marriage proposals
595:Parlement of Paris
566:
470:
444:Philip II of Spain
352:Philip II of Spain
6077:
6076:
5552:Mary I of England
5397:
5396:
5009:Infanta Margarita
4927:Infantas of Spain
4893:
4892:
4887:title of pretense
4848:
4847:
4632:Infanta Maria Ana
4546:Infanta Margarita
4170:House of Braganza
4162:House of Habsburg
4110:
4109:
3323:Maria (1584–1649)
3097:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3088:
2974:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2963:
2955:
2947:
2924:
2916:
2902:House of Habsburg
2893:
2870:
2847:
2839:
2831:
2824:
2816:
2808:
2800:
2786:House of Habsburg
2777:
2768:
2760:
2752:
2720:
2712:
2701:
2690:
2682:
2674:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2625:
2617:
2609:
2601:
2593:
2585:
2562:
2554:
2543:
2517:
2494:
2462:
2454:
2446:
2438:
2430:
2422:
2414:
2406:
2329:
2328:
2320:Succeeded by
2283:Succeeded by
2189:House of Habsburg
2161:(Turnhout, 1998).
2078:10.1093/ml/gcl154
2066:Music and Letters
1970:10.1093/ml/gcl154
1958:Music and Letters
1942:Notes and Queries
1901:Royal Collection.
1847:Notes and Queries
1760:House of Habsburg
1742:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1225:In the 2007 film
1210:alternate history
1194:alternate history
1153:Theodoor van Loon
1088:Peter Paul Rubens
1081:Court of Brussels
1076:Patronage of arts
1019:House of Habsburg
818:The accession of
706:Pope Clement VIII
647:Isabella and Her
634:King of England.
436:Palace of Valsain
389:
388:
372:Roman Catholicism
281:Holy Roman Empire
249:Palace of Valsain
119:
118:
111:
93:
6212:
6135:Spanish infantas
5641:Eleonora Gonzaga
5602:Eleonora Gonzaga
5424:
5417:
5410:
5401:
5400:
5359:Infanta Cristina
4920:
4913:
4906:
4897:
4896:
4884:
4876:
4868:
4860:
4381:Infanta Catarina
4183:
4182:
4137:
4130:
4123:
4114:
4113:
3956:Maria Inmaculata
3863:Maria Antonietta
3853:Maria Annunciata
3343:Catherine Renata
3124:
3117:
3110:
3101:
3100:
3033:
2994:
2993:
2980:
2979:
2961:
2953:
2945:
2922:
2914:
2891:
2868:
2856:House of Bourbon
2845:
2837:
2829:
2822:
2814:
2806:
2798:
2775:
2766:
2758:
2750:
2731:
2718:
2707:
2696:
2688:
2680:
2672:
2660:House of Limburg
2656:
2655:
2642:
2641:
2623:
2615:
2607:
2599:
2591:
2583:
2571:House of Limburg
2560:
2549:
2538:
2515:
2492:
2473:
2460:
2452:
2444:
2436:
2428:
2420:
2412:
2404:
2388:
2387:
2374:
2373:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2332:
2331:
2215:Preceded by
2205:
2198:
2180:
2179:
2139:
2138:
2132:
2124:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2060:
2054:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2004:
1995:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1937:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1909:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1787:
1771:
1756:
1258:
1257:
1249:
1248:
1220:Harry Turtledove
1159:Descalzas reales
1062:Capture of Breda
913:and joining the
843:Ambrogio Spínola
828:Treaty of London
757:United Provinces
585:, which forbade
548:, who served as
385:
329:
327:
323:
319:
277:Duchy of Brabant
269:
257:Crown of Castile
142:
130:
129:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
6220:
6219:
6215:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6210:
6209:
6080:
6079:
6078:
6073:
6056:
6030:18th generation
6025:
5998:17th generation
5993:
5965:16th generation
5960:
5926:15th generation
5921:
5867:14th generation
5862:
5824:13th generation
5819:
5760:12th generation
5755:
5725:11th generation
5720:
5709:10th generation
5704:
5683:
5655:
5646:Anna de' Medici
5611:
5573:
5534:
5513:
5497:
5471:
5440:
5433:
5428:
5398:
5393:
5384:
5368:16th generation
5363:
5347:15th generation
5342:
5326:14th generation
5321:
5293:13th generation
5288:
5266:12th generation
5261:
5211:11th generation
5206:
5161:Queen Isabel II
5154:10th generation
5149:
5118:
5092:
5066:
5050:
5034:
5013:
4982:
4961:
4940:
4929:
4924:
4894:
4889:
4882:
4874:
4866:
4858:
4844:
4832:24th generation
4827:
4785:22nd generation
4780:
4708:21st generation
4703:
4667:20th generation
4662:
4651:19th generation
4646:
4620:18th generation
4615:
4604:17th generation
4599:
4583:16th generation
4578:
4556:15th generation
4551:
4521:14th generation
4516:
4498:13th generation
4493:
4472:12th generation
4467:
4446:11th generation
4441:
4420:10th generation
4415:
4364:
4343:
4322:
4301:
4280:
4259:
4243:
4207:
4203:Infanta Mafalda
4177:
4146:
4141:
4111:
4106:
4074:
4063:18th generation
4058:
4032:17th generation
4027:
4006:16th generation
4001:
3926:15th generation
3921:
3826:14th generation
3821:
3766:13th generation
3761:
3676:12th generation
3671:
3618:11th generation
3613:
3578:Maria Elisabeth
3554:Maria Elisabeth
3547:10th generation
3542:
3511:
3507:Maria Magdalena
3487:Maria Elisabeth
3470:
3427:
3372:
3284:
3211:
3176:
3160:
3144:
3133:
3128:
3098:
3085:
3042:
3034:
3025:
3000:
2988:
2966:
2935:
2927:
2904:
2896:
2881:
2873:
2858:
2850:
2788:
2780:
2740:
2732:
2723:
2662:
2650:
2628:
2573:
2565:
2528:
2520:
2505:
2497:
2482:
2474:
2465:
2394:
2382:
2368:
2359:
2325:
2316:
2303:
2288:
2271:
2269:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2228:
2220:
2204:1 December 1633
2199:
2193:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2147:
2142:
2126:
2125:
2097:
2093:
2061:
2057:
2053:, 2006, pp. 4-5
2048:
2044:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2006:
2005:
1998:
1989:
1985:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1938:
1931:
1921:
1919:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1895:
1888:
1858:
1854:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1829:
1827:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1804:
1802:
1801:on 18 July 2018
1789:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1455:Maria of Aragon
1246:
1215:Ruled Britannia
1189:
1177:Clare of Assisi
1161:
1126:Daniel van Heil
1100:Jacob Franquart
1083:
1078:
1050:
1011:
992:
945:
860:
836:Anne of Denmark
753:
733:
686:
666:
640:
612:
579:Jacques Clément
571:
531:
519:Anna of Austria
489:John of Austria
432:
427:
331:
315:
311:
308:
307:
294:
271:
267:
266:1 December 1633
247:
163:
149:
128:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6218:
6208:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6075:
6074:
6061:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6033:
6031:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6023:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6001:
5999:
5995:
5994:
5992:
5991:
5986:
5980:
5974:
5968:
5966:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5958:
5952:
5946:
5940:
5935:
5929:
5927:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5919:
5914:
5908:
5903:
5897:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5870:
5868:
5864:
5863:
5861:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5844:
5839:
5833:
5827:
5825:
5821:
5820:
5818:
5817:
5812:
5806:
5800:
5794:
5788:
5782:
5776:
5770:
5763:
5761:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5753:
5747:
5741:
5735:
5728:
5726:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5718:
5712:
5710:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5702:
5697:
5691:
5689:
5688:9th generation
5685:
5684:
5682:
5681:
5676:
5670:
5663:
5661:
5660:8th generation
5657:
5656:
5654:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5632:
5626:
5619:
5617:
5616:7th generation
5613:
5612:
5610:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5588:
5581:
5579:
5578:6th generation
5575:
5574:
5572:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5555:
5549:
5542:
5540:
5539:5th generation
5536:
5535:
5533:
5532:
5527:
5521:
5519:
5518:4th generation
5515:
5514:
5512:
5511:
5505:
5503:
5502:3rd generation
5499:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5479:
5477:
5476:2nd generation
5473:
5472:
5470:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5448:
5446:
5445:1st generation
5442:
5441:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5427:
5426:
5419:
5412:
5404:
5395:
5394:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5382:
5377:
5371:
5369:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5361:
5356:
5350:
5348:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5335:
5329:
5327:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5319:
5313:
5307:
5302:
5296:
5294:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5286:
5280:
5275:
5269:
5267:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5259:
5253:
5247:
5241:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5214:
5212:
5208:
5207:
5205:
5204:
5198:
5192:
5186:
5180:
5174:
5168:
5163:
5157:
5155:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5126:
5124:
5123:9th generation
5120:
5119:
5117:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5100:
5098:
5097:8th generation
5094:
5093:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5074:
5072:
5071:7th generation
5068:
5067:
5065:
5064:
5058:
5056:
5055:6th generation
5052:
5051:
5049:
5048:
5042:
5040:
5039:5th generation
5036:
5035:
5033:
5032:
5027:
5021:
5019:
5018:4th generation
5015:
5014:
5012:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4990:
4988:
4987:3rd generation
4984:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4969:
4967:
4966:2nd generation
4963:
4962:
4960:
4959:
4954:
4948:
4946:
4945:1st generation
4942:
4941:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4923:
4922:
4915:
4908:
4900:
4891:
4890:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4842:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4819:
4813:
4807:
4801:
4795:
4788:
4786:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4772:
4766:
4760:
4754:
4748:
4742:
4736:
4730:
4724:
4718:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4670:
4668:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4637:Maria Doroteia
4634:
4629:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4607:
4605:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4559:
4557:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4549:
4543:
4537:
4531:
4524:
4522:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4508:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4449:
4447:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4401:Infanta Filipa
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4372:
4370:
4369:9th generation
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4351:
4349:
4348:8th generation
4345:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4336:
4330:
4328:
4327:7th generation
4324:
4323:
4321:
4320:
4315:
4309:
4307:
4306:6th generation
4303:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4294:
4288:
4286:
4285:5th generation
4282:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4276:Infanta Sancha
4273:
4267:
4265:
4264:4th generation
4261:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4251:
4249:
4248:3rd generation
4245:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4215:
4213:
4212:2nd generation
4209:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4189:
4187:
4186:1st generation
4179:
4178:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4140:
4139:
4132:
4125:
4117:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4098:
4092:
4086:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4035:
4033:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4009:
4007:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3983:
3977:
3971:
3965:
3959:
3953:
3947:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3927:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3878:
3872:
3866:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3787:
3781:
3775:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3753:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3725:Maria Caroline
3722:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3663:
3657:
3651:
3645:
3639:
3633:
3627:
3621:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3593:
3587:
3581:
3575:
3569:
3566:Maria Carolina
3563:
3557:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3519:
3517:
3516:9th generation
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3478:
3476:
3475:8th generation
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3442:
3435:
3433:
3432:7th generation
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3399:
3393:
3387:
3380:
3378:
3377:6th generation
3374:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3299:
3292:
3290:
3289:5th generation
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3226:
3219:
3217:
3216:4th generation
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3203:
3197:
3191:
3184:
3182:
3181:3rd generation
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3168:
3166:
3165:2nd generation
3162:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3152:
3150:
3149:1st generation
3146:
3145:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3127:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3104:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3077:
3071:
3065:
3062:Marie-Adélaïde
3059:
3053:
3046:
3044:
3043:(1890–present)
3036:
3035:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3004:
3002:
2990:
2989:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2956:
2948:
2939:
2937:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2917:
2908:
2906:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2885:
2883:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2862:
2860:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2840:
2832:
2817:
2809:
2801:
2792:
2790:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2770:
2761:
2753:
2744:
2742:
2734:
2733:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2713:
2702:
2691:
2683:
2675:
2666:
2664:
2652:
2651:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2618:
2610:
2602:
2594:
2586:
2577:
2575:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2555:
2544:
2532:
2530:
2526:House of Namur
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2509:
2507:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2486:
2484:
2480:House of Namur
2476:
2475:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2455:
2447:
2439:
2431:
2423:
2415:
2407:
2398:
2396:
2384:
2383:
2370:
2369:
2358:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2335:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2318:
2309:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2281:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2210:Regnal titles
2207:
2206:
2197:12 August 1566
2186:
2183:
2177:
2176:External links
2174:
2173:
2172:
2171:(Paris, 1912).
2162:
2155:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2091:
2072:(2): 391–395.
2055:
2042:
2024:
1996:
1990:Field, Jemma.
1983:
1964:(2): 391–395.
1947:
1929:
1904:
1893:
1886:
1868:. Manchester:
1852:
1837:
1812:
1781:
1779:
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1749:
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1632:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1254:
1253:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1237:Spanish Armada
1223:
1206:
1188:
1185:
1160:
1157:
1149:Scherpenheuvel
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1049:
1046:
1010:
1007:
996:States General
991:
988:
944:
941:
936:Monti di Pietà
859:
856:
832:Gunpowder Plot
752:
751:Foreign policy
749:
732:
729:
685:
682:
665:
662:
639:
636:
611:
608:
570:
567:
530:
527:
485:Pope Urban VII
431:
428:
426:
423:
419:Dutch Republic
387:
386:
379:
375:
374:
369:
365:
364:
359:
355:
354:
349:
345:
344:
339:
333:
332:
313:
309:
303:
302:
300:
296:
295:
290:
288:
284:
283:
270:(aged 67)
264:
260:
259:
246:12 August 1566
244:
240:
239:
236:
235:
230:
226:
225:
222:
218:
217:
214:
210:
209:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
169:
165:
164:
157:
151:
150:
143:
135:
134:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6217:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6087:
6085:
6072:
6068:
6064:
6059:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6028:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6002:
6000:
5996:
5990:
5987:
5984:
5981:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5963:
5956:
5953:
5950:
5947:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5924:
5918:
5915:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5901:
5898:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5865:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5828:
5826:
5822:
5816:
5813:
5810:
5807:
5804:
5801:
5798:
5795:
5792:
5789:
5786:
5783:
5780:
5777:
5774:
5771:
5768:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5758:
5751:
5748:
5745:
5742:
5739:
5736:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5723:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5707:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5692:
5690:
5686:
5680:
5677:
5674:
5671:
5668:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5658:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5636:
5633:
5630:
5627:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5614:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5592:
5589:
5586:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5576:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5559:
5556:
5553:
5550:
5547:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5537:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5522:
5520:
5516:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5500:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5474:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5443:
5436:
5432:
5425:
5420:
5418:
5413:
5411:
5406:
5405:
5402:
5392:
5387:
5381:
5380:Infanta Sofía
5378:
5376:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5366:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5345:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5324:
5317:
5314:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5291:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5264:
5257:
5254:
5251:
5248:
5245:
5242:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5209:
5202:
5199:
5196:
5193:
5190:
5187:
5184:
5181:
5178:
5175:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5152:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5121:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5095:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5069:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5053:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5037:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5016:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4999:Infanta María
4997:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4964:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4943:
4938:
4932:
4928:
4921:
4916:
4914:
4909:
4907:
4902:
4901:
4898:
4888:
4880:
4872:
4864:
4856:
4851:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4830:
4823:
4820:
4817:
4814:
4811:
4808:
4805:
4802:
4799:
4796:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4776:
4773:
4770:
4767:
4764:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4749:
4746:
4743:
4740:
4737:
4734:
4731:
4728:
4727:Infanta Paula
4725:
4722:
4719:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4706:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4649:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4602:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4554:
4547:
4544:
4541:
4538:
4535:
4534:Infanta María
4532:
4529:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4519:
4512:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4470:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4262:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4158:House of Aviz
4155:
4149:
4145:
4138:
4133:
4131:
4126:
4124:
4119:
4118:
4115:
4103:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4085:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4004:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3984:
3981:
3978:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3924:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3875:Maria Theresa
3873:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3843:Marie Valerie
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3625:Maria Theresa
3623:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3596:Maria Josepha
3594:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3533:Maria Theresa
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3502:Maria Josepha
3500:
3498:
3497:Maria Theresa
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3142:
3136:
3132:
3125:
3120:
3118:
3113:
3111:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3032:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2977:
2960:
2957:
2952:
2949:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2921:
2918:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2890:
2889:Maximilian II
2887:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2844:
2841:
2836:
2833:
2828:
2821:
2818:
2813:
2810:
2805:
2802:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2774:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2757:
2754:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:(1411–1415),
2706:
2703:
2700:
2695:
2692:
2687:
2684:
2679:
2678:Wenceslaus II
2676:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2639:
2622:
2619:
2614:
2611:
2606:
2603:
2598:
2595:
2590:
2587:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:(1197–1214),
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:(1197–1247),
2537:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2472:
2459:
2456:
2451:
2448:
2443:
2440:
2435:
2432:
2427:
2424:
2419:
2416:
2411:
2408:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2356:
2351:
2349:
2344:
2342:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2324:
2315:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2287:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2226:
2219:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2196:
2191:
2190:
2181:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2136:
2130:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2095:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2059:
2052:
2046:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2013:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1993:
1987:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1951:
1943:
1936:
1934:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1897:
1889:
1887:9780719086069
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1848:
1841:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1782:
1769:
1765:
1764:Low Countries
1761:
1755:
1751:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
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1108:Otto van Veen
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54:Find sources:
48:
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32:This article
30:
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4101:
4095:
4089:
4083:
3648:Maria Amalia
3295:
3082:(since 2000)
2987:(since 1815)
2819:
2773:Maximilian I
2709:
2698:
2697:(1411–1443)
2670:Wenceslaus I
2621:Wenceslaus I
2551:
2540:
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2158:
2151:
2145:Bibliography
2129:cite journal
2104:
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2045:
2027:
2015:. Retrieved
2011:
1991:
1986:
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1920:. Retrieved
1916:
1907:
1896:
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1846:
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1828:. Retrieved
1824:
1815:
1803:. Retrieved
1799:the original
1794:
1785:
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1226:
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1208:In the 2002
1200:
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1068:in 1629 and
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929:. To combat
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840:
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268:(1633-12-01)
144:Portrait by
120:
105:
99:October 2021
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
6160:Poor Clares
6095:1633 deaths
6090:1566 births
3708:Maria Luisa
3076:(1964–2000)
3070:(1919–1964)
3064:(1912–1919)
3058:(1905–1912)
3052:(1890–1905)
3022:(1849–1890)
3020:William III
3016:(1840–1849)
3010:(1815–1840)
3001:(1815–1890)
2962:(1792–1794)
2954:(1790–1792)
2946:(1780–1790)
2936:(1780–1794)
2923:(1740–1780)
2915:(1713–1740)
2905:(1713–1780)
2892:(1712–1713)
2882:(1712–1713)
2869:(1700–1712)
2859:(1700–1712)
2846:(1665–1700)
2838:(1621–1665)
2830:(1598–1621)
2823:(1598–1621)
2815:(1556–1598)
2807:(1506–1556)
2804:Charles III
2799:(1482–1506)
2789:(1482–1700)
2776:(1477–1482)
2767:(1477–1482)
2759:(1467–1477)
2751:(1443–1467)
2741:(1443–1482)
2719:(1418–1425)
2689:(1388–1411)
2681:(1383–1388)
2673:(1354–1383)
2663:(1354–1443)
2649:(1354–1794)
2624:(1353–1354)
2616:(1346–1353)
2608:(1313–1346)
2600:(1288–1313)
2592:(1281–1288)
2584:(1247–1281)
2574:(1247–1354)
2561:(1214–1226)
2529:(1197–1247)
2516:(1196–1197)
2506:(1196–1197)
2493:(1136–1189)
2483:(1136–1189)
2461:(1131–1136)
2453:(1096–1131)
2445:(1086–1096)
2437:(1059–1086)
2429:(1047–1059)
2421:(1026–1047)
1197:1632 series
1032:Art Gallery
873:impoldering
649:Court Dwarf
632:jure uxoris
493:St. Eugenio
221:Predecessor
176:Predecessor
6150:Countesses
6084:Categories
4168:, and the
3773:Maria Anna
3703:Maria Anna
3636:Maria Anna
3560:Maria Anna
3056:William IV
3014:William II
2843:Charles IV
2812:Philip III
2756:Charles II
2413:(998–1026)
2395:(963–1136)
2381:(963–1354)
2366:Luxembourg
2317:1621–1633
2238:Luxembourg
1795:Arte Rural
1778:References
1762:ruled the
1181:Monstrance
1137:Coudenberg
1070:Maastricht
664:Engagement
425:Early life
394:(Spanish:
196:Co-monarch
69:newspapers
3402:Margarita
3250:Magdalena
3068:Charlotte
3008:William I
2912:Charles V
2835:Philip IV
2796:Philip II
2694:Elisabeth
2613:Charles I
2597:Henry VII
2536:Ermesinde
2458:Conrad II
2450:William I
2442:Henry III
2426:Giselbert
2405:(963–998)
2402:Siegfried
2262:Charolais
2121:2445-1908
2086:0027-4224
1978:0027-4224
1141:Mariemont
1066:Den Bosch
1058:Philip IV
980:Capuchins
927:Rheinberg
877:De Moeren
813:The Hague
805:Innsbruck
656:, c. 1599
583:Salic law
564:(modern).
430:Childhood
378:Signature
229:Successor
190:Philip IV
186:Successor
180:Philip II
4937:Carlos I
4715:Maria II
4172:through
4164:through
4154:Afonso I
4070:Eleonore
4039:Gabriela
4013:Adelheid
3907:Eleonora
3796:Mathilda
3265:Margaret
2866:Philip V
2748:Philip I
2710:and then
2589:Henry VI
2552:and then
2547:Theobald
2490:Henry IV
2434:Conrad I
2418:Henry II
2362:Monarchs
2258:Flanders
1244:Ancestry
1145:Tervuren
943:Religion
921:between
901:linking
884:Industry
711:Valencia
684:Marriage
602:leader,
600:Huguenot
587:cognatic
562:Burgundy
512:Catalina
483:, later
368:Religion
342:Habsburg
273:Brussels
4627:Maria I
3974:Assunta
3950:Dolores
3730:Hermine
3590:Johanna
3050:Adolphe
2959:Francis
2951:Leopold
2920:Mary II
2716:John II
2705:Anthony
2581:Henry V
2558:Waleran
2410:Henry I
2266:Hainaut
2234:Lothier
2230:Limburg
976:Jesuits
917:to the
895:Scheldt
858:Economy
851:Antwerp
824:England
773:baroque
769:Flemish
440:Segovia
330:
314:
310:
253:Segovia
83:scholar
4160:, the
3833:Sophie
3275:Helena
2943:Joseph
2827:Albert
2764:Mary I
2605:John I
2299:Vacant
2275:Albert
2200:
2119:
2084:
2017:5 June
1976:
1922:5 June
1884:
1830:5 June
1805:5 June
1212:novel
1173:Rubens
1169:Madrid
958:, 1625
956:Rubens
907:Bruges
903:Ostend
899:canals
811:, and
809:Prague
797:Lisbon
793:Madrid
628:Tudors
523:Philip
501:Toledo
481:nuncio
468:, 1570
358:Mother
348:Father
320:
299:Spouse
287:Burial
200:Albert
160:more..
148:c.1599
85:
78:
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3390:María
3080:Henri
2686:Jobst
2273:with
2202:Died:
2195:Born:
1746:Notes
1179:with
923:Venlo
919:Rhine
915:Meuse
911:Ghent
674:Maria
542:Dutch
529:Youth
460:, by
337:House
328:)
316:(
312:
213:Reign
168:Reign
90:JSTOR
76:books
6065:; **
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2264:and
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2117:ISSN
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2019:2018
1974:ISSN
1924:2018
1882:ISBN
1832:2018
1807:2018
1695:15.
1637:14.
1575:13.
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263:Died
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