191:
2162:
177:
649:
702:
688:
1629:
1089:
222:
635:
1246:
1516:
212:
674:
1754:, representatives of the crown, which supervised the city councils. In religion, they reformed religious orders and sought unity of the various sections of the church. They pressured Jews to convert to Catholicism, in some cases persecuted by the Inquisition. Finally in 1492, the monarchs decided that those who would not convert would be expelled. It is estimated that between 50,000 and 70,000 people were expelled from Castile. From 1502 onwards, they began to convert the Muslim population.
1703:
5434:
2170:
5424:
2070:
232:
621:
32:
2154:
5444:
1715:. Despite their titles of "Monarchs of Castile, Leon, Aragon and Sicily" Ferdinand and Isabella reigned over their respective territories, although they also took decisions together. Its central position, larger territorial area (three times greater than that of Aragon) and larger population (4.3 million as opposed to the 1 million in Aragon) led to Castile becoming the dominating partner in the union.
1872:
1370:
1997:, many members were bribed and others denied entry, with the result that the subsidy was approved. Those members who voted in favour were attacked by the Castilian people and their houses were burned. Parliament was not the only opposition which Charles would come up against. When he left Castile in 1520, the
2910:
Mas que con los Reyes Católicos (a finales del siglo XV), como todavia suele repetirse, es a partir de Felipe V (a principios del sigo XVIII) cuando podemos comenzar a considerar España como un Estado auténticamente unificado o, mejor, unitario: es a partir de entonces cuando podemos empezar a hablar
2868:
Louis XIV accepted on behald of his grandson, who succeeded as Philip V on condition that the Crowns of France and Spain should never be united. (...) This provoked the great War of the
Spanish Succession. (...) Barcelona fell in 1714 and the Aragonese privileges were abolished. Spain had become one
2475:
In the viceroyalties the viceroy, whose term etymologically means "in the place of the king", concentrated all public power. They were freely appointed and removed by the
Monarch, when the sovereign wanted he/she could remove the viceroy from the office. In New Spain and Peru they played the role of
2006:
were defeated one year later (1521). After their defeat, Parliament was reduced to a merely consultative body. To prevent Joanna from being proposed to be an alternative monarch by opponents again, Charles continued her confinement until her death in 1555, after which
Charles became the only monarch
1830:
in the case that Joanna "didn't want to or couldn't fulfil her duties". In the 'Salamanca
Agreement' of 1505, it was decided that the government would be shared by Philip I, Ferdinand V and Joanna. However, poor relations between Phillip, who was supported by the Castilian nobility, and Ferdinand
1842:
in 1506 King
Ferdinand the Catholic renounced not only the government of Castile in favour of his son-in-law Philip I of Castile but also the lordship of the Indies, withholding a half of the income of the kingdoms of the Indies. Joanna of Castile and Philip immediately added to their titles the
1710:
After
Isabella's victory in the civil war and Ferdinand's ascension to the Aragonese throne the two crowns were united under the same monarchs. However, this was a personal union and both kingdoms remained administratively separate to some extent, each maintaining largely its own laws; both
1984:
came through
Castile which was one of the more dynamic, rich, and advanced territories in Europe in the 16th century. It started to realise that it could become immersed within an empire. This, added to the broken promise of Charles, only increased hostility towards the king. In 1520 in
917:. The Kingdom of Castile appeared initially as a county of the Kingdom of León. From the second half of the 10th century to the first half of the 11th century it changed hands between León and the Kingdom of Navarre. In the 11th century, it became a kingdom in its own right.
2659:
The new kingdom of
Castile had roughly tripled in size to some 335,000 square kilometers by 1300 but, at the same time, its population had increased by the same factor, from one to three millions, so that the average density remained steady at about 8.5 persons per square
1301:
Some scholars think that the substitution of
Castilian for Latin was due to the strength of the new language, whereas others consider that it was due to the influence of Hebrew-speaking intellectuals who were hostile towards Latin, the language of the Christian Church.
1446:, restoring Pedro's control of the kingdom. The Black Prince, seeing that the king would not reimburse his expenses, left Castile. Henry, who had fled to France, took advantage of the opportunity and recommenced the fight. Henry finally was victorious in 1369 in the
2001:
broke out, and the revolts released Joanna, claiming to support her to be the sole monarch and encouraging her to agree the dethronement of
Charles. While sympathetic to revolts, Joanna however refused to sign any documents to support them or depose her son.
1111:
Almost immediately after the union of the two kingdoms under Ferdinand III, the parliaments of Castile and León were united. It was divided into three estates, which corresponded with the nobility, the church and the cities, and included representation from
2112:, the creation of a new army of 140,000 reservists. Every territory within the kingdom contributed citizens proportionally in order to maintain the force. His aims of union did not work and the Spanish Crown continued as a confederation of kingdoms.
2033:
In fact, since the reign of Charles I the financial burden of the empire had fallen mainly on Castile, but under Philip II the cost quadrupled. During his reign, as well as increasing existing taxes he created some new ones, among them the
1801:
on the north coast of North Africa. After Castile's conquest of the Kingdom of Granada, its politics turned towards the Mediterranean, and Castile militarily helped Aragon in its problems with France, culminating in the reconquest of
1396:
and town councils' interests. A substantial transfer from the royal patrimony to the nobles ensued upon the prevail of the Trastámaras in the conflict. Likewise, the resulting dynastic change ran parallel to a radicalization of the
1691:, under which Isabella would ascend to the Castilian throne on his death only if her suitor was approved by him. Henry wanted to ally Castile with Portugal or France rather than Aragon. He therefore decided to name his daughter
1558:, the most influential person in court and allied with the lesser nobility, the cities, the clergy, and the Jews. This brought together the mutual dislikes of the king shared by the greater Castilian nobility and the Aragonese
1671:. Consequently, Ferdinand's father forged a papal dispensation for the two to marry. Isabella believed that the dispensation was authentic and the marriage went ahead. A genuine papal dispensation arrived afterwards. Later
1734:(the Holy Brotherhood), which was staffed and funded by the municipalities. They also took further measures against the nobility, destroying feudal castles, prohibiting private wars and reducing the power of the
1968:
Jean de Sauvage as its president. This caused angry protests in the parliament, which rejected the presence of foreigners in its deliberations. Despite threats, the parliament led by Juan de Zumel representing
1724:(Reconquest) the Castilian aristocracy had become very powerful. The monarchs needed to assert their authority over the nobility and the clergy. With this end in mind they founded a law enforcement body, the
1843:
kingdoms of Indies, Islands and Mainland of the Ocean Sea. Phillip died and Ferdinand returned in 1507 once again to be regent for Joanna. Her isolated confinement-imprisonment in the Santa Clara Convent at
1948:
citizens and had used Castilian money to fund his court. The Castilian nobility and the cities were on the verge of an uprising to defend their rights. Many Castilians favoured the king's younger brother
1211:"). Subsequent Cortes were celebrated separately, for example in 1301 that of Castile in Burgos and that of León in Zamora, but the representatives demanded that the parliaments be reunited from then on.
2042:; an act whereby all Moriscos had to abandon all Moorish traditions and become true Catholics. This edict limited religious, linguistic and cultural freedom of the Morisco population and provoked the
1389:
entailed a struggle of competing factions, with the former party being favoured by the Castilian nobility (and, to a lesser extent, the Clergy), whereas the latter party lied on the side of Jews',
1980:
Charles was conscious of the fact that he had options to become emperor and needed to impose his authority over Castile to gain access to its riches for his imperial goals. The riches from the
1020:
son of Ferdinand II in 1230. From then on the two kingdoms were united under the name of the Kingdom of León and Castile, or simply as the Crown of Castile. Ferdinand III later conquered the
1667:. Ferdinand and Isabella were related and had married without papal approval. Although Isabella wanted to marry Ferdinand, she refused to proceed with the marriage until she received a
2115:
Luis Méndez de Haro took over from Olivares as favourite Philip IV between 1659 and 1665. This was in order to alleviate interior conflicts sparked off by his predecessor (revolts in
2898:
2856:
2134:
to govern, Spain suffered an economic slowdown and battles for power between the different 'favourites'. The death of Charles II in 1700 without descendants provoked the
802:, Islands and Mainland of the Ocean Sea were also a part of the Crown of Castile when transformed from lordships to kingdoms of the heirs of Castile in 1506, with the
1461:, Peter's daughter. In 1386, he claimed the Crown of Castile in the name of his wife, the legitimate heir according to the Cortes de Seville of 1361. He arrived in
4887:
2077:
In the previous kingdoms, positions in national institutions were filled by educated gentlemen. Philip II's administrators would normally come from either the
5253:
3214:
2089:
the nobility once again asserted their right to govern the country. In order to show that there was a new order ruling there was a cleansing of the blood of
1237:(1348) and the Leyes de Toro (1505). These laws continued to be in force until 1889, when a new Spanish civil code, the Código Civil Español, was enacted.
5515:
5389:
2515:
2731:
Díaz Ibáñez, Jorge (2019). "Iglesia, nobleza y poderes urbanos en la corona de Castilla durante la baja Edad Media. Una aproximación historiográfica".
2053:
Castile entered a phase of recession in 1575; Spain as a whole followed, which provoked the suspension of wages (the third of his reign). In 1590 the
1269:. But, as the century progressed, Castilian gained increasing prominence as the language of culture and communication – one example of this is the
190:
1527:
royal power was restored, overshadowing the much powerful Castilian nobility. In his later years Henry delegated some of his power to his brother
4902:
3714:
1032:, further extending the area of the Crown of Castile. Given this, the kings of the Crown of Castile traditionally styled themselves "King of
951:. From 1111 until 1126 Galicia was separate from the union under Alfonso VII. In 1157 the kingdoms were divided between Alfonso's sons, with
880:
did not formally abolish the Crown of Castile, the country (of Castile and Aragon) was called "Spain" by both contemporaries and historians.
1750:
into the supreme judicial bodies. The crown also sought to better control the cities, and so in 1480 in the Cortes of Toledo it created the
747:
that formed in 1230 as a result of the third and definitive union of the crowns and, some decades later, the parliaments of the kingdoms of
4979:
1973:, resisted and forced the king to respect the laws of Castile, remove all foreigners from important governmental posts, and learn to speak
2882:
2646:
1222:
of the municipal councils of Castile, León, Extremadura and Andalucía-a unified legal code for the entire new kingdom was created in the
2101:
2960:
5525:
876:, supporters of their enemies. This unified the Crown of Aragon and the Crown of Castile into the kingdom of Spain. Even though the
1894:
received the Crown of Castile, the Crown of Aragon and the empire through a combination of dynastic marriages and premature deaths:
1608:
The King, besieged by riots and the demands of the nobles, had to sign a treaty in which he named as his successor his half-brother
2840:
5461:
1203:
of both kingdoms were held jointly. The Cortes of 1258 in Valladolid comprised representatives of Castile, Extremadura and León ("
1609:
2425:
2308:
Kingdom of Mexico/Reino de México (administered by the Royal Audience of Mexico, presided directly by the Vice-roy of New Spain)
1593:
unsuccessfully tried to re-establish the peace with the nobility that his father, John II, had shattered. When his second wife,
1569:
5530:
96:
1663:
in 1479 when Ferdinand ascended to the Aragonese throne. This union however was not effective until the reign of his grandson
1294:
that it became the official language. Henceforth all public documents were written in Castilian, likewise all translations of
4857:
4667:
4049:
2745:
2260:
1917:, his grandfather, in 1516 he gained the rule of Aragon and Castile (with the Americas), in co-regency title with his mother
1129:
68:
2462:
2458:
5510:
3175:
2365:
1790:
1454:
811:
176:
4573:
1699:
broke out over who would ascend to the throne. It lasted until 1479 when Isabella and her supporters came out victorious.
5520:
5313:
5288:
5228:
1851:
1424:
815:
501:
1334:
Furthermore, in the 13th century many universities were founded where instruction was in Castilian, such as the Leonese
75:
5404:
4719:
3719:
2892:
2850:
2640:
2383:
1612:, leaving Infanta Joanna out of the line of succession. After the death of Alfonso in an accident, Henry IV signed the
2061:; a new tax on food. This exhausted Castilian cities and hindered the economy. In 1596, pay was once again suspended.
1838:
of 1506, Ferdinand returned to Aragon and Phillip was recognized as King of Castile, with Joanna a co-monarch. In the
5447:
5409:
4939:
3363:
2681:
1740:(a governor-like military office in regions recently conquered). The monarchy incorporated military orders under the
1551:
1311:
115:
49:
1214:
Although the individual kingdoms and cities initially retained their individual historical rights-including the Old
937:
2377:
1998:
1925:
1568:, who sought to control the Castilian crown. This eventually led to war in 1429 and 1430 between the two kingdoms.
681:
82:
4907:
4345:
2466:
1950:
1696:
1688:
1613:
1585:
819:
3507:
2389:
1104:
5273:
5213:
5185:
4944:
2953:
2732:
2317:
2100:
Faced with the collapse of the Exchequer, in order to maintain the hegemony of Philip IV's Spanish Empire, the
53:
1435:, among them the above-mentioned Henry, who disputed Peter's right to the throne once the latter became king.
5359:
5190:
4783:
2135:
1933:
1664:
865:
514:
64:
1822:(nicknamed 'Philip the Handsome'). But Isabella knew of her daughter's possible mental health incapacities (
4778:
4662:
1458:
5505:
5500:
5369:
4788:
3825:
3315:
2734:
Iglesia, nobleza y poderes urbanos en los reinos cristianos de la Península Ibérica durante la Edad Media
996:. However, these western Basque territories saw their Navarrese charters confirmed under Castilian rule.
2335:
1940:
Charles I was not well received in Castile. This was partly because he was a foreign-born king (born in
1037:
5364:
5354:
5318:
5160:
5062:
3325:
3320:
3295:
3280:
2705:
2510:
2452:
2446:
1099:
381:
2911:
con propiedad de un rey de España o de una Corona de España y, consecuentemente de un Reino de España.
1921:. He maintained her confinement-imprisonment, so she was Queen of Aragon and of Castile in title only.
5087:
4850:
4746:
3894:
3458:
3300:
3285:
3190:
2946:
2415:
2371:
2161:
2094:
1831:
resulted in Ferdinand renouncing his regent's powers in Castile in order to avoid an armed conflict.
2431:
Kingdom of Quito or Presidency of Quito/Reino de Quito or Presidencia de Quito (administered by the
1253:
In the 13th century there were many languages spoken in the Kingdoms of León and Castile among them
1234:
5338:
4704:
4679:
4529:
4188:
4183:
3310:
2969:
2777:
2610:
2432:
2323:
2302:
1632:
1439:
1343:
1279:
1009:
999:
760:
756:
441:
400:
1839:
1550:
Upon the death of his mother, John II at the age of 14, took to the throne and married his cousin
803:
5042:
5012:
4771:
4652:
4193:
4146:
4089:
3788:
3732:
3480:
3330:
2439:
2082:
1335:
969:
42:
3072:
2078:
1438:
In the resulting struggle, in which both brothers claimed to be king, Pedro allied himself with
952:
5399:
5155:
4929:
4793:
4694:
4689:
4377:
4325:
4245:
4178:
4082:
4067:
3960:
3727:
3681:
3522:
3409:
3275:
2421:
1990:
1914:
1644:
1532:
1492:
1466:
948:
417:
296:
2630:
2476:
sovereign, but in reality they only obeyed the orders of the Monarch of the Crown of Castile.
2329:
1687:, half brother of Isabella, considered the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella as breaking the
1602:
1500:
1357:
over the following three centuries. In time, Castile would become a leading export market for
925:
196:
89:
5218:
5110:
5067:
4724:
4684:
4497:
4372:
3436:
3426:
3385:
3356:
3219:
2789:
2359:
2285:
1640:
1617:
1528:
1420:
1405:
1013:
956:
929:
413:
4612:
3067:
2242:
1806:
for the Crown of Aragon in 1504. Later that same year, Queen Isabella died, on November 26.
1017:
5437:
5379:
5175:
5082:
5052:
5037:
4843:
4817:
4647:
4617:
4492:
4423:
4394:
4313:
3647:
3485:
3475:
3012:
2018:
continued the politics of Charles I, but unlike his father he made Castile the core of the
1786:
1692:
1598:
1524:
1488:
1291:
1196:
933:
877:
869:
791:
780:
527:
4597:
3090:
1628:
8:
5323:
5303:
5283:
5248:
5180:
5092:
4959:
4509:
4389:
4355:
4257:
4077:
4072:
3884:
3603:
3539:
3414:
3399:
3265:
3246:
3195:
3186:
3140:
3102:
3078:
2485:
2408:
2183:
2131:
2086:
1899:
1819:
1712:
1684:
1590:
1540:
1416:
1382:
1378:
1266:
1125:
1088:
1021:
914:
823:
488:
445:
4225:
4215:
2490:
2108:(valido) from 1621 to 1643, tried to introduce a series of reforms. Among these was the
1499:
was created for Henry and Catherine. This ended the dynastic conflict, strengthened the
1443:
1069:
1033:
589:
221:
5427:
5263:
5238:
5140:
5017:
4969:
4964:
4954:
4892:
4622:
4602:
4585:
4536:
4401:
4210:
4161:
4094:
4012:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3899:
3869:
3761:
3659:
3527:
3502:
3290:
3241:
3204:
3199:
3161:
3149:
3108:
3024:
3000:
2821:
2697:
2505:
2495:
2266:
2254:
2207:
2201:
2026:. The other Spanish regions maintained certain degree of autonomy, being governed by a
2015:
1954:
1929:
1891:
1855:
1668:
1536:
1496:
1386:
1316:
1189:
1121:
1113:
1093:
1073:
973:
903:
748:
725:
654:
626:
458:
301:
17:
3144:
2500:
2455:/Capitanía General de Chile (unofficially referred as Kingdom of Chile/Reino de Chile)
2248:
2189:
1117:
899:
752:
640:
462:
5423:
5165:
5135:
5125:
5115:
5032:
5022:
5007:
4874:
4731:
4627:
4563:
4558:
4487:
4384:
4099:
4027:
4022:
3864:
3793:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3566:
3517:
3232:
3209:
3154:
3096:
3084:
3062:
3029:
2983:
2888:
2846:
2825:
2813:
2741:
2677:
2636:
2542:
2341:
2236:
2230:
1918:
1815:
1677:
1672:
1648:
1478:
1447:
1432:
1306:
1271:
1137:
1072:", among other possessions they later gained. The heir to the throne has been titled
1025:
944:
861:
784:
772:
744:
475:
345:
337:
306:
291:
2880:
1555:
1287:
1057:
5384:
5333:
5328:
5268:
5233:
5102:
5072:
4994:
4912:
4882:
4580:
4367:
4362:
4318:
4305:
4235:
4203:
4198:
4062:
4057:
4039:
4000:
3933:
3916:
3857:
3847:
3842:
3783:
3739:
3709:
3669:
3652:
3635:
3598:
3349:
3228:
3182:
2803:
2793:
2550:
2534:
1974:
1594:
1412:
1258:
1254:
1200:
1133:
431:
360:
316:
273:
157:
1442:, "the Black Prince". In 1367, the Black Prince defeated Henry II's allies at the
1349:
In the 13th century, emerging groups of local grazers coalesced into the powerful
989:
5394:
5308:
5278:
5002:
4919:
4798:
4766:
4639:
4607:
4590:
4546:
4541:
4519:
4514:
4472:
4465:
4440:
4300:
4295:
4136:
4017:
3911:
3906:
3874:
3699:
3689:
3583:
3576:
3571:
3556:
3512:
3394:
3380:
3270:
3236:
2558:
2353:
2120:
2047:
1884:
1744:
in 1495, reinforced royal judicial power over the feudal one and transformed the
1660:
1620:
in which he named her heiress in return for her marrying a prince chosen by him.
1544:
1283:
1262:
1045:
993:
873:
854:
768:
721:
286:
182:
4220:
1944:), and even before his arrival in Castile he had granted important positions to
1847:, to last over forty years until death, began with her father's orders in 1510.
1245:
1161:
1000:
Crown of Castile from the rule of Ferdinand III until the ascension of Charles I
826:
all helped shape the Crown of Castile into a global empire in the 16th Century.
5298:
5243:
5197:
5150:
5130:
4974:
4897:
4741:
4736:
4699:
4674:
4657:
4568:
4553:
4524:
4482:
4330:
4290:
4285:
4240:
4166:
4126:
4116:
4106:
3921:
3800:
3694:
3561:
3443:
3305:
2566:
2279:
2142:
2043:
2019:
1758:
1746:
1223:
830:
764:
667:
311:
143:
2927:
2141:
After the war, all the territories were unified as a single country under the
1053:
5494:
5476:
5463:
5057:
4822:
4709:
4504:
4477:
4450:
4428:
4406:
4173:
4156:
4141:
3985:
3938:
3926:
3852:
3744:
3618:
3613:
3588:
3470:
2817:
2311:
1986:
1515:
1510:
1328:
1169:
1153:
1149:
1041:
1016:
granddaughter of Sancho III in 1217, and the Kingdom of León from his father
807:
211:
4250:
4230:
2598:(in Spanish). Curpo facultativo de archiveros, bibliotecarios y arqueologos.
2320:
or Kingdom of Guatemala/Capitanía General de Guatemala or Reino de Guatemala
2148:
5223:
5120:
4924:
4714:
4455:
4445:
4411:
4340:
4335:
4262:
4052:
4034:
3995:
3990:
3970:
3965:
3837:
3830:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3704:
3642:
3623:
3608:
3544:
2938:
1762:
1398:
1324:
1173:
776:
584:
236:
The Crown of Castile after the incorporation of the kingdoms of the Indies.
1695:
as heiress to the throne rather than Isabella I. When he died in 1474 the
1298:
legal and government documents were made into Castilian instead of Latin.
1207:") and those of Seville in 1261 of Castile, León and all other kingdoms ("
5374:
5077:
4984:
4866:
4433:
4418:
4267:
3980:
3889:
3879:
3805:
3453:
3448:
3128:
2347:
2225:
1907:
1903:
1844:
1720:
1369:
981:
799:
2798:
2414:
Province of Tierra Firme/Provincia de Tierra Firme (administered by the
1994:
1711:
parliaments remained separate, the only common institution would be the
1702:
1601:, it was claimed that she was the result of an affair of the Queen with
1462:
4949:
4835:
4460:
4277:
4151:
4111:
4044:
3049:
2808:
1977:. After taking his oath, Charles received a subsidy of 600,000 ducats.
1961:
1736:
1659:. The consequence was a dynastic union of the Crown of Castile and the
1656:
1470:
1354:
1282:, Castilian began to be used for some important documents, such as the
1177:
1029:
850:
259:
2845:(2, revised, illustrated, reprint ed.), Routledge, p. 1161,
2169:
5258:
5027:
4350:
4121:
4005:
3975:
3756:
3630:
3421:
2995:
2124:
2105:
2069:
1814:
Upon Queen Isabella I's death 1504, the crown passed to her daughter
1794:
1730:
1565:
1391:
1165:
1140:
permanently set those that would be allowed to send representatives (
846:
806:, and upon the death of Ferdinand the Catholic. The discovery of the
695:
231:
2740:. Murcia: Sociedad Española de Estudios Medievales. pp. 38–39.
1623:
31:
5293:
5170:
5047:
3751:
3534:
3492:
3431:
2213:
2195:
2153:
2116:
1981:
1965:
1945:
1778:
1770:
1766:
1320:
985:
838:
834:
795:
370:
2219:
1989:
Parliament rejected a further subsidy for the king. Parliament in
1431:
Peter. However, the King also had many illegitimate children with
977:
833:
during the 16th and 17th centuries. Charles I was King of Aragon,
4934:
3664:
3593:
3549:
3404:
2881:
Vicent de Melchor; Albert Branchadell; Vicent de Melchor (2002),
2027:
1798:
1774:
1560:
1504:
1157:
1061:
355:
3465:
2130:
Upon the death of Philip IV in 1665, and with the incapacity of
1993:
reached the same decision. Finally, when Parliament was held in
1004:
3497:
3372:
3019:
2038:
in 1567. That same year Philip ordered the proclamation of the
2023:
1970:
1827:
1803:
1757:
Between 1478 and 1497 the monarchs' forces conquered the three
1481:, Henry II's son, to give up the throne in favor of Constance.
1295:
1215:
1185:
1145:
1065:
1049:
842:
740:
253:
2445:
Province of Charcas/Provincia de Charcas (administered by the
1286:, the basis of the legal code for Christians living in Muslim
4131:
3007:
2759:
2757:
2398:
2292:
2090:
1941:
1350:
1327:. Because of Castilian's importance in the land ruled by the
1181:
374:
2615:(in Spanish). Madrid: Librería General de Victoriano Suárez.
1871:
1706:
Columbus and the Catholic Monarchs (The return of Columbus)
1474:
1465:
with an army and took the city. He then moved on to occupy
1358:
1209:
de Castiella e de León e de todos los otros nuestros Regnos
3341:
2754:
1511:
Relations with the Crown of Aragon during the 14th century
928:. Upon his death his kingdoms passed to his sons, León to
2149:
Spanish territorial divisions within the Crown of Castile
1928:, his paternal grandfather, in 1519, Charles was elected
1861:
1079:
23:
Former country in the Iberian Peninsula from 1230 to 1715
2712:
1319:
was published. Castilian was eventually carried to the
1218:
of Castile (Viejo Fuero de Castilla) and the different
1012:
received the Kingdom of Castile from his mother, Queen
763:. It continued to exist as a separate entity after the
2465:/Gobernácion del Río de la Plata (administered by the
1364:
829:
The title of "King of Castile" remained in use by the
1824:
and so nicknamed 'Juana la Loca' or 'Joanna the Mad'
1789:
maritime expedition claimed the newly found lands in
1423:(between England and France). Alfonso XI had married
1419:, Count of Trastámara, which became entangled in the
1346:, which were among the first universities in Europe.
1240:
2838:
1554:. The young king entrusted his government to regent
1132:. Initially the number of cities represented in the
920:The two kingdoms had been united twice previously:
2778:"Los judíos de Castilla ante el cambio de dinastía"
2438:Kingdom of Peru/Reino de Peru (administered by the
1519:
Castilian territory at the end of the 14th century.
943:From 1072 until 1157 under Alfonso VI (died 1109),
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2775:
2093:. Religious persecution led Philip to declare the
1543:in 1412, Ferdinand left Castile to become King of
1408:a dynastic conflict started between his sons, the
857:, as well as King of Castile and León, 1516–1556.
2887:, Univ. Autònoma de Barcelona, pp. 106–107,
2010:
1624:Catholic Monarchs: Union with the Crown of Aragon
1205:de Castiella e de Estremadura e de tierra de León
1192:(with Granada added after its conquest in 1492).
893:
798:were major events in the history of Castile. The
5492:
2612:Manual elemental de gramática histórica española
2516:Chief of the King's Guard (Portugal and Castile)
1957:opposed the idea of Charles as King of Castile.
1932:as a consequence of which he is better-known as
1579:
963:
2928:"Castile. Titles of European hereditary rulers"
2884:El catalán: Una lengua de Europa para compartir
1809:
755:upon the accession of the then Castilian king,
2608:
2593:
1858:south of the Pyrenees was annexed to Castile.
4851:
3357:
2954:
2424:/Nuevo Reino de Granada (administered by the
1484:John declined but proposed that his son, the
1005:Union of the two kingdoms under Ferdinand III
149:
4814:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy
2968:
2763:
2718:
2696:
2442:, presided directly by the Vice-roy of Peru)
2305:/Virreinato de la Nueva España (after 1535)
3126:
2730:
2635:. Cambridge University Press. p. 139.
2624:
2622:
1531:, who would be regent, along with his wife
1495:. The proposal was accepted, and the title
1249:Map of Castilian and Aragonese Universities
135:
5516:States and territories established in 1230
4858:
4844:
3364:
3350:
2961:
2947:
1953:, who grew up in Castile, and in fact the
226:The Crown in the Concordia of Villafáfila.
3047:
2807:
2797:
2671:
2273:
1852:Castilian-Aragonese force invaded Navarre
1773:. On 2 January 1492 the monarchs entered
1453:In 1371 the brother of the Black Prince,
1331:, the language is also known as Spanish.
550:335,000 km (129,000 sq mi)
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
4865:
2619:
2168:
2160:
2152:
2068:
1870:
1701:
1665:Charles I (Holy Roman Emperor Charles V)
1635:(Francisco Padilla, oil on canvas, 1882)
1627:
1514:
1368:
1244:
1152:, León, Sevilla, Córdoba, Murcia, Jaén,
1087:
1024:, while his son Alfonso X conquered the
972:the Castilian king's armies invaded the
4638:
2676:. Pamplona: Pamiela. pp. 213–249.
1793:for the Crown of Castile and began the
1572:won the war and expelled the Aragonese
5493:
2628:
1862:Crown of Castile within Habsburg Spain
1781:marking the completion and end of the
1503:'s position and created peace between
908:
4839:
3345:
2981:
2942:
2288:/Virreinato de las Indias (1492–1526)
2022:, centralising all administration in
1797:conquests. In 1497 Castile conquered
1605:, one of the King's chief ministers.
913:The Kingdom of León arose out of the
767:in 1469 of the crowns of Castile and
2776:Cantera-Montenegro, Enrique (2019).
2426:Royal Audience of Santa Fe de Bogotá
2366:Captaincy General of the Philippines
1960:In 1518 the Castilian parliament in
1879:Padilla, Bravo and Maldonado in the
1455:John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster
1136:varied over the next century, until
476:Union of Ferdinand II and Isabella I
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
5443:
4888:Decline of the Western Roman Empire
2528:
2386:/Capitanía General de Santo Domingo
2368:/Capitanía General de las Filipinas
2165:Spanish North America, 18th century
2046:(1568–1571), which was put down by
1365:Ascension of the Trastámara dynasty
888:
13:
4980:Growth of the Eastern Roman Empire
3020:(Eastern) Roman Province of Spania
2920:
2649:from the original on 4 August 2020
2463:Governorate of the Río de la Plata
2459:Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
2411:/Virreinato del Perú (after 1542)
2384:Captaincy General of Santo Domingo
2064:
1535:, during the childhood of his son
1278:In the last years of the reign of
1241:Spanish languages and universities
14:
5542:
5410:Historiography in the Middle Ages
3063:Province of the Umayyad Caliphate
2380:/Capitanía General de Puerto Rico
1491:, marry John of Gaunt's daughter
1373:Expansion of Castilian territory.
1312:Grammar of the Castilian Language
1290:, but it was during the reign of
241:Evolution of the Crown of Castile
5526:1716 disestablishments in Europe
5442:
5433:
5432:
5422:
2842:The Companion to British History
2461:/Vireinato del Rio de La Plata,
2378:Captaincy General of Puerto Rico
2157:The Crown in late medieval Spain
1999:Castilian War of the Communities
1675:bestowed upon them the title of
1450:, in which he had Peter killed.
700:
686:
672:
647:
633:
619:
230:
220:
210:
189:
175:
30:
4908:Christianity in the Middle Ages
4903:Decline of Hellenistic religion
3291:Monarchs of Barcelona/Catalonia
2901:from the original on 2022-05-21
2874:
2859:from the original on 2022-05-21
2832:
2769:
2467:Royal Audiencia of Buenos Aires
2127:) and achieve peace in Europe.
1697:War of the Castilian Succession
1689:Treaty of the Bulls of Guisando
1614:Treaty of the Bulls of Guisando
1586:War of the Castilian Succession
1427:with whom he had his heir, the
822:as well as the conquest of the
820:Spanish conquest of New Granada
41:needs additional citations for
5186:Crisis of the late Middle Ages
2724:
2690:
2665:
2609:Menéndez Pidal, Ramón (1904).
2602:
2594:Menéndez Pidal, Ramón (1906).
2587:
2318:Captaincy General of Guatemala
2269:/Reino de Navarra (after 1512)
2263:/Reino de Granada (after 1492)
2011:Imperial policies of Philip II
894:Two kingdoms: León and Castile
1:
5531:1230 establishments in Europe
5360:Disability in the Middle Ages
5033:Rise of the Republic of Genoa
4965:Rise of the Venetian Republic
2839:Charles Arnold-Baker (2001),
2580:
2392:/Capitanía General de Yucatán
2356:/Provincia de Las Californias
2136:War of the Spanish Succession
1934:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
1728:, more commonly known as the
1580:Second Conflict of Succession
1227:
964:Occupation of western Navarre
866:War of the Spanish Succession
2702:An economic history of Spain
2390:Captaincy General of Yucatán
1866:
1810:Period of regency – Joanna I
1092:Equestrian heraldic of King
812:conquest of the Aztec Empire
7:
5511:Former monarchies of Europe
3371:
2629:Reilly, Bernard F. (1993).
2479:
2354:Province of the Californias
2350:/Provincia de Nueva Navarra
2177:
2173:South America, 18th century
1681:('the Catholic Monarchs').
1651:, married in secret in the
1323:in the 16th century by the
1309:, the first edition of the
1098:Equestrian armorial of the
924:From 1037 until 1065 under
860:In the early 18th century,
816:conquest of the Inca Empire
10:
5547:
5521:Former countries in Europe
5161:Rise of the Ottoman Empire
2706:Princeton University Press
2511:List of Castilian Monarchs
2453:Captaincy General of Chile
2447:Royal Audiencia of Charcas
2374:/Capitanía General de Cuba
2073:Worldwide Crown of Castile
1583:
897:
883:
507:1512 (annexed 7 July 1515)
457:• Permanent union of
15:
5418:
5347:
5206:
5101:
5088:Mongol invasion of Europe
4993:
4873:
4807:
4759:
4276:
3680:
3379:
3261:
3191:Principality of Catalonia
3136:
3125:
3121:
3058:
3046:
3042:
2991:
2980:
2976:
2672:Urzainqui, Tomás (1998).
2416:Royal Audiencia of Panama
2372:Captaincy General of Cuba
2338:/Santa Fe de Nuevo México
2286:Viceroyalty of the Indies
2095:expulsion of the Moriscos
1826:) and named Ferdinand as
1564:, sons of Ferdinand I of
1361:in the late middle ages.
1105:Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal
794:and the discovery of the
771:with the marriage of the
716:
598:
577:
573:
563:
559:
554:
546:
541:
537:
524:
511:
498:
485:
472:
455:
451:
437:
427:
423:
407:
394:
390:
380:
366:
354:
325:
279:
269:
246:
207:
171:
166:
130:
2970:Spain in the Middle Ages
2521:
2433:Royal Audiencia of Quito
2303:Viceroyalty of New Spain
2196:Principality of Asturias
1902:died in 1506, he became
1836:Concordia de Villafáfila
1647:, heir to the throne of
1633:The Surrender of Granada
1529:Ferdinand I of Antequera
1344:University of Valladolid
1076:since the 14th century.
968:From 1199 to 1201 under
16:Not to be confused with
5043:Investiture Controversy
5013:Second Bulgarian Empire
3129:Feudal Christian realms
2932:eurulers.altervista.org
2440:Royal Audiencia of Lima
2362:/Provincia de Venezuela
2348:Province of New Navarre
2326:/Reino de Nueva Vizcaya
2314:/Nuevo Reino de Galicia
2280:Kingdom of the Canaries
2216:/Provincia de Guipúzcoa
2198:/Principado de Asturias
2083:University of Salamanca
1726:Consejo de la Hermandad
1440:Edward, Prince of Wales
1336:University of Salamanca
1199:, most sessions of the
790:In 1492, the voyage of
270:Official languages
5400:Post-classical history
5156:Fall of Constantinople
5063:Capet–Plantagenet feud
4930:First Bulgarian Empire
3276:Monarchs of al-Andalus
2790:Universidad de Navarra
2782:Memoria y Civilización
2570:
2562:
2546:
2538:
2422:New Kingdom of Granada
2360:Provincia de Venezuela
2336:Santa Fe of New Mexico
2312:New Kingdom of Galicia
2274:Overseas (before 1715)
2174:
2166:
2158:
2102:Count-Duke of Olivares
2074:
1991:Santiago de Compostela
1915:Ferdinand II of Aragon
1888:
1742:Consejo de las Órdenes
1707:
1636:
1533:Catherine of Lancaster
1520:
1467:Santiago de Compostela
1381:pitting supporters of
1374:
1250:
1235:Ordenamiento de Alcalá
1108:
1103:1433–1435. Collection
976:, annexing thereafter
256:(1561–1601; 1606–1716)
216:The Crown around 1400.
150:
136:
4784:Medieval great powers
2324:Kingdom of New Biscay
2172:
2164:
2156:
2072:
1874:
1840:Treaty of Villafáfila
1818:, who was married to
1705:
1678:'los Reyes Católicos'
1653:Palacio de los Vivero
1631:
1616:with his half-sister
1518:
1399:antisemitic sentiment
1372:
1248:
1091:
1014:Berengaria of Castile
804:Treaty of Villafáfila
502:Occupation of Navarre
5477:40.41750°N 3.71500°W
5380:Medieval reenactment
5176:Renaissance Humanism
5083:Medieval Warm Period
5053:Republic of Florence
4867:European Middle Ages
4794:European colonialism
4779:Ancient great powers
3326:Monarchs of Valencia
3286:Monarchs of Asturias
3073:Caliphate of Córdoba
3013:Kingdom of the Suebi
2332:/Nuevo Reino de Léon
2214:Province of Gipuzkoa
2079:University of Alcalá
1787:Christopher Columbus
1785:. Also in 1492, the
1523:During the reign of
1342:of Palencia and the
878:Nueva Planta decrees
870:unification policies
792:Christopher Columbus
781:Nueva Planta decrees
528:Nueva Planta decrees
513:• Ascension of
50:improve this article
5473: /
5093:Kingdom of Portugal
4960:Old Church Slavonic
4945:Anglo-Saxon England
4789:Modern great powers
3321:Monarchs of Navarre
3316:Monarchs of Majorca
3306:Monarchs of Granada
3301:Monarchs of Galicia
3296:Monarchs of Castile
3266:Visigothic monarchs
3247:Kingdom of Valencia
3215:Kingdom of Artajona
3196:Kingdom of Pamplona
3187:County of Barcelona
3141:Kingdom of Asturias
2799:10.15581/001.22.028
2708:. pp. 131–132.
2698:Vicens Vives, Jaime
2674:La Navarra marítima
2632:The Medieval Spains
2555:Corona de Castiella
2486:Heraldry of Castile
2409:Viceroyalty of Peru
2330:New Kingdom of León
2222:/Provincia de Álava
2210:/Señorío de Vizcaya
2184:Kingdom of Castille
1718:As a result of the
1603:Beltrán de la Cueva
1541:Compromise of Caspe
1501:House of Trastámara
1383:Henry of Trastámara
1379:Castilian Civil War
1305:In 1492, under the
1267:Galician-Portuguese
1022:Guadalquivir Valley
955:receiving León and
926:Ferdinand I of León
915:Kingdom of Asturias
909:Towards unification
728:fixed it to Madrid.
489:Conquest of Granada
446:early modern period
343:Minority religions:
5506:History of Castile
5501:Kingdom of Castile
5482:40.41750; -3.71500
5274:In popular culture
5239:Crusading movement
5111:Hundred Years' War
4970:Civitas Schinesghe
4955:Carolingian Empire
4940:Kingdom of Croatia
4893:Barbarian kingdoms
3281:Monarchs of Aragon
3242:Kingdom of Majorca
3205:Kingdom of Viguera
3200:Kingdom of Navarre
3162:Kingdom of Castile
3150:Kingdom of Galicia
3109:Emirate of Granada
3068:Emirate of Córdoba
3025:Duchy of Cantabria
3001:Visigothic Kingdom
2596:El dialecto leonés
2539:Corona de Castilla
2506:Kingdom of Galicia
2496:Kingdom of Castile
2344:/Nueva Extremadura
2282:/Reino de Canarias
2267:Kingdom of Navarre
2261:Kingdom of Granada
2255:Kingdom of Seville
2243:Kingdom of Córdoba
2208:Lordship of Biscay
2202:Kingdom of Galicia
2186:/Reino de Castilla
2175:
2167:
2159:
2075:
1955:Council of Castile
1930:Holy Roman Emperor
1924:upon the death of
1913:upon the death of
1889:
1856:Kingdom of Navarre
1708:
1669:Papal dispensation
1637:
1521:
1497:Prince of Asturias
1421:Hundred Years' War
1375:
1353:, the headpin for
1317:Antonio de Nebrija
1251:
1109:
1094:John II of Castile
1084:and the legal code
1074:Prince of Asturias
1018:Alfonso IX of León
974:Kingdom of Navarre
904:Kingdom of Castile
655:Emirate of Granada
627:Kingdom of Castile
333:Official religion:
280:Minority languages
151:Corona de Castilla
65:"Crown of Castile"
18:Kingdom of Castile
5456:
5455:
5365:Basic topics list
5166:Swiss mercenaries
5116:Wars of the Roses
5023:Kingdom of Poland
5008:Holy Roman Empire
4875:Early Middle Ages
4833:
4832:
4755:
4754:
4720:Polish–Lithuanian
3895:Gurjara-Pratihara
3339:
3338:
3257:
3256:
3233:Kingdom of Aragon
3210:Kingdom of Najera
3176:Kingdom of Toledo
3155:County of Castile
3117:
3116:
3097:Almohad Caliphate
3085:Almoravid Emirate
3038:
3037:
3030:Duchy of Vasconia
2984:Early Middle Ages
2764:Vicens Vives 1969
2747:978-84-17157-97-5
2719:Vicens Vives 1969
2257:/Reino de Sevilla
2245:/Reino de Córdoba
2237:Kingdom of Murcia
2231:Kingdom of Toledo
2220:Province of Álava
2204:/Reino de Galicia
1820:Philip of Austria
1673:Pope Alexander VI
1448:Battle of Montiel
1433:Eleanor of Guzman
1425:Maria of Portugal
1307:Catholic Monarchs
1272:Cantar de Mio Cid
1026:Kingdom of Murcia
994:Vitoria (Gasteiz)
947:(died 1126), and
936:, and Galicia to
862:Philip of Bourbon
773:Catholic Monarchs
745:Iberian Peninsula
733:
732:
712:
711:
708:
707:
696:British Gibraltar
660:
659:
468:23 September 1230
432:Cortes of Castile
409:• 1474–1504
396:• 1230–1252
346:Sephardic Judaism
338:Roman Catholicism
307:Andalusian Arabic
126:
125:
118:
100:
5538:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5484:
5483:
5478:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5469:
5466:
5446:
5445:
5436:
5435:
5426:
5385:Medieval studies
5229:Church and State
5103:Late Middle Ages
4995:High Middle Ages
4913:Christianization
4883:Migration Period
4860:
4853:
4846:
4837:
4836:
4636:
4635:
4301:Austro-Hungarian
4001:Chagatai Khanate
3366:
3359:
3352:
3343:
3342:
3311:Monarchs of León
3229:County of Aragon
3223:
3183:Catalan counties
3166:Crown of Castile
3123:
3122:
3044:
3043:
2978:
2977:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2914:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2811:
2801:
2773:
2767:
2761:
2752:
2751:
2739:
2728:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2656:
2654:
2626:
2617:
2616:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2591:
2574:
2571:Corona Castellae
2547:Coroa de Castela
2532:
2491:Heraldry of León
2239:/Reino de Murcia
2233:/Reino de Toledo
1898:when his father
1854:and most of the
1850:In 1512 a joint
1639:In October 1469
1597:, gave birth to
1595:Joan of Portugal
1444:Battle of Nájera
1404:On the death of
1338:, the Castilian
1232:
1229:
1130:Basque Provinces
889:Preceding events
759:, to the vacant
737:Crown of Castile
704:
703:
690:
689:
676:
675:
664:
663:
651:
650:
637:
636:
623:
622:
616:
615:
600:
599:
590:Spanish maravedí
237:
234:
227:
224:
217:
214:
193:
179:
161:
153:
147:
139:
137:Corona Castellae
132:Crown of Castile
128:
127:
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
5546:
5545:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5537:
5536:
5535:
5491:
5490:
5481:
5479:
5475:
5472:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5460:
5459:
5457:
5452:
5414:
5395:Neo-medievalism
5343:
5279:Itinerant court
5202:
5097:
5018:Georgian Empire
5003:Norman Conquest
4989:
4935:Frankish Empire
4869:
4864:
4834:
4829:
4818:American Empire
4803:
4799:African empires
4751:
4634:
4326:Central African
4272:
4090:Romano-Germanic
3676:
3410:Middle Assyrian
3383:
3375:
3370:
3340:
3335:
3331:Military orders
3271:Suebic monarchs
3253:
3237:Crown of Aragon
3217:
3145:Kingdom of León
3132:
3113:
3054:
3034:
2987:
2972:
2967:
2926:
2923:
2921:Further reading
2918:
2917:
2904:
2902:
2895:
2879:
2875:
2862:
2860:
2853:
2837:
2833:
2774:
2770:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2737:
2729:
2725:
2717:
2713:
2695:
2691:
2684:
2670:
2666:
2652:
2650:
2643:
2627:
2620:
2607:
2603:
2592:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2577:
2563:Gaztelako Koroa
2533:
2529:
2524:
2501:Kingdom of León
2482:
2342:New Extremadura
2276:
2249:Kingdom of Jaén
2190:Kingdom of León
2180:
2151:
2067:
2065:Later Habsburgs
2048:John of Austria
2013:
1885:Antonio Gisbert
1869:
1864:
1812:
1731:Santa Hermandad
1661:Crown of Aragon
1626:
1588:
1582:
1552:Maria of Aragon
1513:
1367:
1340:Estudio General
1284:Visigothic Code
1243:
1230:
1086:
1007:
1002:
966:
911:
906:
900:Kingdom of León
898:Main articles:
896:
891:
886:
874:Crown of Aragon
845:, and Count of
831:Habsburg rulers
739:was a medieval
729:
722:Itinerant court
701:
687:
673:
648:
641:Kingdom of León
634:
620:
594:
566:
530:
520:23 January 1516
517:
504:
491:
481:19 October 1469
478:
465:
410:
397:
350:
321:
265:
242:
239:
238:
235:
228:
225:
218:
215:
203:
202:
201:
198:
194:
186:
185:
180:
162:
155:
148:
141:
133:
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
5544:
5534:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5450:
5440:
5430:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5390:Misconceptions
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5351:
5349:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5210:
5208:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5198:Little Ice Age
5195:
5194:
5193:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5151:Western Schism
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5107:
5105:
5099:
5098:
5096:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
4999:
4997:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4916:
4915:
4905:
4900:
4898:Late antiquity
4895:
4890:
4885:
4879:
4877:
4871:
4870:
4863:
4862:
4855:
4848:
4840:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4775:
4774:
4763:
4761:
4757:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4655:
4650:
4644:
4642:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4600:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4583:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4556:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4544:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4495:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4438:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4421:
4416:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4375:
4365:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4328:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4316:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4282:
4280:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4213:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4097:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4010:
4009:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3840:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3754:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3730:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3686:
3684:
3682:Post-classical
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3662:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3640:
3639:
3638:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3537:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3481:Middle Kingdom
3478:
3468:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3437:Neo-Babylonian
3434:
3429:
3427:Old Babylonian
3419:
3418:
3417:
3412:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3389:
3377:
3376:
3369:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3346:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3212:
3207:
3193:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3099:
3094:
3087:
3082:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3005:
3004:
3003:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2974:
2973:
2966:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2894:978-8449022999
2893:
2873:
2852:978-0415185837
2851:
2831:
2768:
2766:, p. 246.
2753:
2746:
2723:
2711:
2689:
2682:
2664:
2642:978-0521397414
2641:
2618:
2601:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2481:
2478:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2456:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2419:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2309:
2290:
2289:
2283:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2251:/Reino de Jaén
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2192:/Reino de León
2187:
2179:
2176:
2150:
2147:
2143:Crown of Spain
2110:Unión de Armas
2066:
2063:
2044:Morisco Revolt
2020:Spanish Empire
2012:
2009:
1938:
1937:
1922:
1911:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1811:
1808:
1759:Canary Islands
1693:Infanta Joanna
1625:
1622:
1599:Infanta Joanna
1584:Main article:
1581:
1578:
1576:from Castile.
1570:Álvaro de Luna
1556:Álvaro de Luna
1512:
1509:
1366:
1363:
1242:
1239:
1224:Siete Partidas
1085:
1078:
1064:, and Lord of
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
965:
962:
961:
960:
941:
910:
907:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
765:personal union
761:Leonese throne
731:
730:
717:
714:
713:
710:
709:
706:
705:
698:
692:
691:
684:
678:
677:
670:
668:Habsburg Spain
661:
658:
657:
652:
644:
643:
638:
630:
629:
624:
612:
611:
606:
596:
595:
593:
592:
587:
581:
579:
575:
574:
571:
570:
567:
564:
561:
560:
557:
556:
552:
551:
548:
544:
543:
539:
538:
535:
534:
531:
525:
522:
521:
518:
512:
509:
508:
505:
499:
496:
495:
494:2 January 1492
492:
486:
483:
482:
479:
473:
470:
469:
466:
456:
453:
452:
449:
448:
439:
438:Historical era
435:
434:
429:
425:
424:
421:
420:
411:
408:
405:
404:
398:
395:
392:
391:
388:
387:
384:
378:
377:
368:
364:
363:
358:
352:
351:
349:
348:
340:
335:
329:
327:
323:
322:
320:
319:
314:
312:Judaeo-Spanish
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
283:
281:
277:
276:
271:
267:
266:
264:
263:
257:
250:
248:
244:
243:
240:
229:
219:
209:
208:
205:
204:
195:
188:
187:
183:Royal Standard
181:
174:
173:
172:
169:
168:
164:
163:
134:
131:
124:
123:
38:
36:
29:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5543:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5489:
5486:
5449:
5441:
5439:
5431:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5420:
5417:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5346:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5205:
5199:
5196:
5192:
5189:
5188:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5104:
5100:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5058:Scholasticism
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4996:
4992:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4920:Rise of Islam
4918:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4861:
4856:
4854:
4849:
4847:
4842:
4841:
4838:
4824:
4823:Soviet empire
4821:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4808:Miscellaneous
4806:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4758:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4637:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4506:
4503:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4407:German Empire
4405:
4404:
4403:
4400:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4383:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4275:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4147:Turco-Persian
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4091:
4088:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4011:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3367:
3362:
3360:
3355:
3353:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3227:
3221:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3124:
3120:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3052:
3051:
3045:
3041:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2964:
2959:
2957:
2952:
2950:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2912:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2877:
2870:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2835:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2760:
2758:
2749:
2743:
2736:
2735:
2727:
2720:
2715:
2707:
2704:. Princeton:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2685:
2683:84-7681-284-1
2679:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2648:
2644:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2625:
2623:
2614:
2613:
2605:
2597:
2590:
2586:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2477:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2297:Septentrional
2294:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2171:
2163:
2155:
2146:
2144:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2104:, the king's
2103:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2071:
2062:
2060:
2057:approved the
2056:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2040:La Pragmática
2037:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2008:
2005:
2004:Los comuneros
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1807:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1716:
1714:
1704:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1655:in Castilian
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1634:
1630:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1517:
1508:
1507:and Castile.
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1413:Peter (Pedro)
1411:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1329:Spanish Crown
1326:
1325:conquistadors
1322:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1280:Ferdinand III
1276:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1247:
1238:
1236:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1100:Golden Fleece
1095:
1090:
1083:
1080:Union of the
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1010:Ferdinand III
997:
995:
991:
990:San Sebastián
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
939:
935:
932:, Castile to
931:
927:
923:
922:
921:
918:
916:
905:
901:
881:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
827:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
808:Pacific Ocean
805:
801:
797:
793:
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
757:Ferdinand III
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
727:
723:
720:
715:
699:
697:
694:
693:
685:
683:
682:Bourbon Spain
680:
679:
671:
669:
666:
665:
662:
656:
653:
646:
645:
642:
639:
632:
631:
628:
625:
618:
617:
614:
613:
610:
607:
605:
602:
601:
597:
591:
588:
586:
583:
582:
580:
576:
572:
568:
562:
558:
553:
549:
545:
540:
536:
532:
529:
523:
519:
516:
510:
506:
503:
497:
493:
490:
484:
480:
477:
471:
467:
464:
460:
454:
450:
447:
443:
440:
436:
433:
430:
426:
422:
419:
415:
412:
406:
402:
401:Ferdinand III
399:
393:
389:
385:
383:
379:
376:
372:
369:
365:
362:
359:
357:
353:
347:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
330:
328:
324:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
297:Astur-Leonese
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
284:
282:
278:
275:
272:
268:
261:
258:
255:
252:
251:
249:
245:
233:
223:
213:
206:
200:
192:
184:
178:
170:
165:
159:
152:
145:
138:
129:
120:
117:
109:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
19:
5458:
5219:Architecture
5191:Great Famine
5181:Universities
5145:
5121:Hussite Wars
5038:Great Schism
4925:Papal States
4574:Contemporary
4424:Indo-Persian
4412:Nazi Germany
4356:Contemporary
4258:Vijayanagara
4157:Great Seljuk
4068:Thessalonica
3996:Golden Horde
3636:Carthaginian
3415:Neo-Assyrian
3400:Neo-Sumerian
3170:Castile-León
3169:
3165:
3127:
3101:
3091:Second Taifa
3089:
3077:
3048:
2982:
2931:
2909:
2903:, retrieved
2883:
2876:
2867:
2861:, retrieved
2841:
2834:
2792:: 143, 146.
2788:. Pamplona:
2785:
2781:
2771:
2733:
2726:
2721:, p. 6.
2714:
2701:
2692:
2673:
2667:
2658:
2651:. Retrieved
2631:
2611:
2604:
2595:
2589:
2554:
2530:
2474:
2402:
2397:
2296:
2291:
2140:
2129:
2114:
2109:
2099:
2076:
2058:
2054:
2052:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2014:
2003:
1979:
1959:
1939:
1919:Queen Joanna
1890:
1880:
1876:
1849:
1835:
1834:Through the
1833:
1823:
1813:
1791:the Americas
1782:
1763:Gran Canaria
1756:
1752:corregidores
1751:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1717:
1709:
1683:
1676:
1652:
1645:Ferdinand II
1638:
1607:
1589:
1573:
1559:
1549:
1539:. After the
1522:
1485:
1483:
1452:
1437:
1428:
1409:
1403:
1401:in Castile.
1390:
1376:
1348:
1339:
1333:
1310:
1304:
1300:
1277:
1270:
1252:
1219:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1194:
1142:procuradores
1141:
1110:
1097:
1081:
1008:
988:, including
970:Alfonso VIII
967:
953:Ferdinand II
919:
912:
868:and imposed
859:
828:
789:
777:promulgation
736:
734:
719:
609:Succeeded by
608:
603:
585:Spanish real
565:• 1300
342:
332:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
5480: /
5448:WikiProject
5375:Medievalism
5214:Agriculture
5078:Manorialism
5073:Communalism
5068:Monasticism
4985:Reconquista
4975:Kievan Rus'
4162:Khwarezmian
4095:Carolingian
3900:Rashtrakuta
3604:Shaishunaga
3503:Hellenistic
3486:New Kingdom
3476:Old Kingdom
3218: [
3103:Third Taifa
3079:First Taifa
2809:10171/58536
2469:) (1661–72)
2226:Extremadura
1908:Netherlands
1845:Tordesillas
1783:Reconquista
1737:Adelantados
1721:Reconquista
1713:Inquisition
1477:. He asked
1231: 1265
1190:Guadalajara
982:Durangaldea
949:Alfonso VII
824:Philippines
800:West Indies
604:Preceded by
442:Middle Ages
428:Legislature
418:Ferdinand V
373:subject to
262:(1601–1606)
5495:Categories
5468:03°42′54″W
5465:40°25′03″N
5370:Land terms
5324:Technology
5304:Philosophy
5284:Literature
5249:Demography
4950:Viking Age
4732:Portuguese
4613:Revival Le
4603:Vietnamese
4246:Later Tran
4216:Vietnamese
4112:Singhasari
4100:Holy Roman
3724:Bulgarian
3660:Satavahana
3631:Phoenician
3567:Achaemenid
3528:Indo-Greek
3508:Macedonian
3422:Babylonian
3053:(711-1492)
3050:Al-Andalus
2905:2020-10-30
2863:2020-10-30
2660:kilometer.
2653:11 October
2581:References
2403:Meridional
2132:Charles II
2087:Philip III
2007:of Spain.
1964:named the
1962:Valladolid
1926:Maximilian
1747:Audiencias
1657:Valladolid
1641:Isabella I
1618:Isabella I
1471:Pontevedra
1457:, married
1406:Alfonso XI
1355:wool trade
1178:Valladolid
1128:, and the
1030:Al-Andalus
957:Sancho III
930:Alfonso VI
851:Roussillon
775:up to the
555:Population
414:Isabella I
367:Government
356:Demonym(s)
260:Valladolid
197:Trastámara
76:newspapers
5355:Dark Ages
5264:Household
5259:Hastilude
5028:Feudalism
4725:Couronian
4363:Ethiopian
4351:Manchukuo
4306:Brazilian
4152:Ghaznavid
4122:Srivijaya
4073:Trebizond
4058:Byzantine
4040:North Sea
4035:Norwegian
4023:Almoravid
4006:Ilkhanate
3976:Majapahit
3949:Muromachi
3858:Solomonic
3843:Ethiopian
3757:Caliphate
3690:Aragonese
3518:Ptolemaic
2996:Visigoths
2826:214282114
2818:1139-0107
2125:Andalusia
2121:Catalonia
2106:favourite
2097:in 1609.
2016:Philip II
1975:Castilian
1966:Wallonian
1951:Ferdinand
1904:sovereign
1892:Charles I
1877:Comuneros
1867:Charles I
1795:New World
1566:Antequera
1525:Henry III
1493:Catherine
1459:Constance
1392:conversos
1292:Alfonso X
1255:Castilian
1197:Alfonso X
1166:Salamanca
934:Sancho II
872:over the
847:Barcelona
787:in 1716.
726:Philip II
569:3,000,000
515:Charles I
361:Castilian
326:Religion
302:Mozarabic
167:1230–1716
106:July 2018
5438:Category
5405:Timeline
5294:Minstrel
5289:Medicine
5171:Chivalry
5126:Burgundy
5048:Crusades
4705:Japanese
4668:Scottish
4648:American
4640:Colonial
4569:Imperial
4537:Moroccan
4473:Japanese
4451:Afsharid
4310:Burmese
4296:Austrian
4251:Later Le
4226:Early Le
4211:Venetian
4137:Tiwanaku
4050:Hellenic
4013:Moroccan
3944:Kamakura
3934:Japanese
3917:Saffarid
3870:Georgian
3784:Chalukya
3762:Rashidun
3752:Calakmul
3720:Bruneian
3599:Haryanka
3577:Sasanian
3572:Parthian
3523:Bactrian
3513:Seleucid
3493:Goguryeo
3471:Egyptian
3405:Assyrian
3395:Akkadian
3386:Colonies
2899:archived
2869:country.
2857:archived
2700:(1969).
2647:Archived
2543:Galician
2480:See also
2178:In Spain
2117:Portugal
2085:. After
2059:millones
2036:excusado
1995:A Coruña
1982:Americas
1900:Philip I
1881:Patíbulo
1779:Alhambra
1771:Tenerife
1767:La Palma
1685:Henry IV
1591:Henry IV
1574:Infantes
1561:Infantes
1463:A Coruña
1410:Infantes
1385:against
1321:Americas
986:Gipuzkoa
959:Castile.
864:won the
855:Cerdagne
839:Valencia
796:Americas
785:Philip V
578:Currency
371:Monarchy
292:Galician
199:(Shield)
5348:Related
5334:Warfare
5329:Theatre
5319:Slavery
5314:Science
5269:Hunting
5234:Cuisine
5207:Culture
5146:Castile
5141:England
4772:largest
4767:Empires
4747:Swedish
4742:Spanish
4737:Russian
4700:Italian
4675:Chinese
4663:English
4658:British
4653:Belgian
4628:Vietnam
4618:Tay son
4564:Tsarist
4559:Russian
4554:Ottoman
4520:Dzungar
4515:Khoshut
4488:Mexican
4483:Maratha
4466:Pahlavi
4446:Safavid
4441:Iranian
4368:Haitian
4331:Chinese
4291:Ashanti
4263:Wagadou
4189:Eastern
4184:Western
4167:Timurid
4127:Tibetan
4117:Songhai
4107:Serbian
4028:Almohad
4018:Idrisid
3922:Samanid
3912:Tahirid
3907:Iranian
3885:Kannauj
3865:Genoese
3801:Chinese
3794:Eastern
3789:Western
3777:Fatimid
3772:Abbasid
3767:Umayyad
3740:Burmese
3700:Ayyubid
3695:Angevin
3665:Xianbei
3653:Eastern
3648:Western
3594:Magadha
3557:Iranian
3550:Xiongnu
3535:Hittite
3444:Chinese
3432:Kassite
3381:Ancient
3373:Empires
2934:. 2022.
2551:Leonese
2535:Spanish
2081:or the
2028:Viceroy
1946:Flemish
1906:of the
1887:, 1860.
1799:Melilla
1775:Granada
1610:Alfonso
1537:John II
1505:England
1486:Infante
1429:Infante
1387:Peter I
1288:Cordova
1259:Leonese
1233:), the
1158:Segovia
1122:Galicia
1114:Castile
1096:in the
1062:Seville
1058:Córdoba
1046:Galicia
1034:Castile
884:History
835:Majorca
779:of the
749:Castile
743:in the
526:•
500:•
487:•
474:•
459:Castile
403:(first)
382:Monarch
317:Guanche
274:Spanish
247:Capital
158:Spanish
90:scholar
5428:Portal
5309:Poetry
5136:France
4710:Mongol
4695:German
4690:French
4680:Danish
4623:Dainam
4598:Tongan
4586:Somali
4581:Sokoto
4547:'Alawi
4525:Kalmyk
4505:Mongol
4498:Second
4478:Korean
4429:Mughal
4419:Indian
4402:German
4395:Second
4385:French
4378:Second
4314:Second
4286:Afghan
4278:Modern
4204:Kyrgyz
4199:Uighur
4194:Second
4174:Turkic
4142:Toltec
4078:Epirus
4063:Nicaea
3986:Mongol
3939:Yamato
3875:Huetar
3733:Second
3670:Rouran
3619:Shunga
3614:Maurya
3589:Kushan
3562:Median
3540:Hunnic
3498:Harsha
2891:
2849:
2824:
2816:
2744:
2680:
2639:
2559:Basque
2055:Cortes
2024:Madrid
1987:Toledo
1971:Burgos
1883:", by
1828:regent
1816:Joanna
1804:Naples
1649:Aragon
1545:Aragon
1479:John I
1296:Arabic
1263:Basque
1220:fueros
1201:Cortes
1195:Under
1186:Madrid
1170:Cuenca
1154:Zamora
1150:Toledo
1146:Burgos
1138:John I
1134:Cortes
1126:Toledo
1082:Cortes
1070:Molina
1066:Biscay
1050:Murcia
1042:Toledo
945:Urraca
938:García
843:Sicily
841:, and
818:, the
814:, the
810:, the
769:Aragon
741:polity
724:until
461:&
386:
375:fueros
287:Basque
254:Madrid
154:
140:
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
5339:Women
5299:Music
5254:Domes
5244:Dance
5131:Milan
4760:Lists
4715:Omani
4685:Dutch
4591:Isaaq
4542:Saadi
4510:Oirat
4493:First
4461:Qajar
4390:First
4373:First
4346:China
4319:Third
4179:First
4132:Tikal
4083:Morea
4053:Roman
3971:Latin
3966:Khmer
3961:Kanem
3927:Buyid
3853:Zagwe
3848:Aksum
3838:Chola
3745:First
3728:First
3715:Bornu
3710:Benin
3705:Aztec
3643:Roman
3624:Gupta
3609:Nanda
3545:White
3222:]
3008:Suebi
2822:S2CID
2738:(PDF)
2567:Latin
2522:Notes
2399:South
2293:North
2091:Spain
1942:Ghent
1875:"The
1489:Henry
1417:Henry
1351:Mesta
1216:Fuero
1182:Soria
1162:Ávila
1028:from
978:Álava
144:Latin
97:JSTOR
83:books
4530:Bogd
4456:Zand
4434:Sikh
4341:Qing
4336:Ming
4268:Wari
4236:Tran
4221:Dinh
3991:Yuan
3981:Mali
3890:Pala
3880:Inca
3831:Yuan
3821:Song
3816:Liao
3811:Tang
3584:Kush
3466:Dʿmt
3189:) →
2889:ISBN
2847:ISBN
2814:ISSN
2742:ISBN
2678:ISBN
2655:2019
2637:ISBN
2123:and
1769:and
1643:and
1475:Vigo
1473:and
1415:and
1377:The
1359:wool
1265:and
1188:and
1174:Toro
1118:León
1068:and
1054:Jaén
1038:León
992:and
984:and
902:and
853:and
753:León
751:and
735:The
547:1300
542:Area
533:1716
463:León
444:and
416:and
69:news
5224:Art
4608:Mac
4045:Oyo
3954:Edo
3826:Jīn
3806:Sui
3459:Jin
3454:Han
3449:Qin
2804:hdl
2794:doi
2418:, )
1777:'s
1761:of
1315:by
1144:):
783:by
718:a.
52:by
5497::
4241:Ho
4231:Ly
3235:→
3231:→
3220:eu
3198:→
3172:)
3164:→
3143:→
2930:.
2908:,
2897:,
2866:,
2855:,
2820:.
2812:.
2802:.
2786:22
2784:.
2780:.
2756:^
2657:.
2645:.
2621:^
2569::
2565:,
2561::
2557:,
2553::
2549:,
2545::
2541:,
2537::
2401:–
2295:–
2145:.
2138:.
2119:,
2050:.
2030:.
1765:,
1547:.
1469:,
1275:.
1261:,
1257:,
1228:c.
1184:,
1180:,
1176:,
1172:,
1168:,
1164:,
1160:,
1156:,
1148:,
1124:,
1120:,
1116:,
1060:,
1056:,
1052:,
1048:,
1044:,
1040:,
1036:,
980:,
849:,
837:,
4859:e
4852:t
4845:v
3388:)
3384:(
3365:e
3358:t
3351:v
3185:(
3168:(
2962:e
2955:t
2948:v
2828:.
2806::
2796::
2750:.
2686:.
2573:.
2449:)
2435:)
2428:)
1936:.
1910:;
1394:'
1226:(
1107:.
940:.
160:)
156:(
146:)
142:(
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)
