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that rise from the base to the top of the towers themselves. Furthermore, the façade is divided horizontally into three levels: a lower one entirely centered on the three portals; a median one opened by the large multi-light window flanked by two high three-light windows, each inscribed in the axis
1253:, added in the 16th century (for the northern Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament of the Miracle), and the 17th century (for the southern Chapel of Our Lady of Deliverance), protrude. The large proportion of these chapels gives the impression that the building has three choirs. Behind the
2103:, on which Sunday concerts are often given. Out of all the bells in the carillon, only seven of them can ring. They are, from heaviest to lightest: Fabiola, Maria, Michael, Gudula, Philippe, Astrid, and Laurent. Fabiola, Philippe, Astrid and Laurent are named after members of the
2356:, installed a laying-nest on the edifice in an attempt to encourage nest-building. This laying-nest was never used, but in the spring of 2004, a pair of falcons nested on a balcony on top of the cathedral's northern tower. At the beginning of March, the female laid three eggs.
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In the 16th and 17th centuries, the church underwent several modifications, the most remarkable of which was the addition of some chapels: the Chapel of the
Blessed Sacrament of the Miracle (1534–1539), the Chapel of Our Lady of Deliverance (1649–1655) and the Chapel of
1065:. It is imposing by its sheer size: 110 metres (360 ft) long, 30 metres (98 ft) wide (50 metres (160 ft) at the level of the choir), and 26.5 metres (87 ft) high (the entrance towers reach a height of 69 metres (226 ft)).
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in 1638. There is also another empty space where a second bourdon used to be. The bourdon has a deep crankshaft, but counterweights have already been removed. There are plans to hang it again on a straight axis with a flying clapper.
1942:
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2389:. Due to its location in the national capital, it is often used for Catholic ceremonies of national interest, such as royal marriages and state funerals. For example, in 1999, it was the setting for the
936:. The cathedral was once again thoroughly restored between 1983 and 1999. On that occasion, archaeological excavations were undertaken, which led to the discovery of remains of the Romanesque church and
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windows from the 16th, 17th and 19th centuries; most of which date from between 1525 and 1663. Particularly noteworthy is the large window in the western façade representing the
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probably stood in its place, on what was the most important point of
Brussels at the time; the crossroads of two major trade routes—a first one connecting the
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The monumental staircase in front of the cathedral, designed by Pieter Paul Merckx, was placed in the period 1702–1707. This staircase, a gift from the
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Brigode, Simon (1938). "Les fouilles de la collégiale Sainte-Gudule à Bruxelles : découverte de l'avant-corps occidental de l'époque romane".
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seen in other Gothic cathedrals, and were originally meant to be much higher, in a style close to the Town Hall's tower or the north tower of the
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The Chapel of Our Lady of
Deliverance is decorated with stained glass windows by the glass painter Jean De Labaer, based on drawings by
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date from the 14th and 16th centuries. The entire church took about 300 years to complete. The main structure was finalised just before
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were completed. It was integrated into its current environment in 2003–04, as part of the renovation of this green space. It was
953:
783:("Beggars"), and Saint Gudula's relics were disinterred and scattered. In the 1790s, it also suffered looting and destruction by
901:, that the collegiate church was promoted to the rank of co-cathedral, when it became the seat of the Archbishop, together with
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form by the 16th, though its interior was frequently modified in the following centuries. The building includes late-Gothic and
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Right of the choir is the Chapel of Our Lady of
Deliverance (1649–1655), which was built in a late Gothic style and contains a
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of
Belgium's official seat, it frequently hosts royal weddings, state funerals and other official ceremonies, such as the
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made by Robert Colyn de Nole in the 17th century. Its elevation is on three levels; large arcades communicating with the
522:, date from restoration work in the 19th century. St. Gudula also stands out for its musical components, notably its two
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1885:'s pupils. These windows, created between 1654 and 1663, describe the main episodes in the life of the Virgin Mary.
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close and separate the three portals. The two at the ends become more important by integrating two tall buttressed
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1356:. The bust was completed on 6 June 1996, and remained at the city's administrative centre until road works on the
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The two towers, built between 1470 and 1485, the upper parts of which are arranged in terraces, are attributed to
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2363:, at the end of May 2004, the project "Falcons for everyone" was developed by the RBINS in association with the
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Also worth mentioning are the impressive series of fifteen stained glass windows from the 19th century in the
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774:(also called the Maes Chapel) (1672–1675). On 6 June 1579, the collegiate church was pillaged and wrecked by
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1996:
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and Tobias de Lelis, all renowned sculptors of their time. The statues replaced those destroyed by
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to provide access to the promenade on the stretch between the Laeken Gate and the
Schaerbeek Gate.
1010:
885:, a major railway link through central Brussels. On that occasion, a large forecourt, known as the
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churches still standing in central
Brussels. The cathedral is built of stone from the Gobertange
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The cathedral's origins are obscure, but historians agree that, as early as the 9th century, a
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2871:"Brussel, Sint Michiels & Sint Goedelekathedraal, koororgel – de Orgelsite | orgelsite.nl"
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Haeck and Van Orley were also responsible for the windows adorning the northern and southern
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In the centre of the gardens located in front of the cathedral's forecourt stands a bust of
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on 5 March 1936. In the mid-20th century, it was narrowly spared during the building of the
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1991:
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are attached to the columns. These statues date from the 17th century and were created by
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Restoration work was carried out in the 19th century under the direction of the architect
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The strong predominance of the vertical lines of this façade is impressive; four robust
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Histoire de l'église de Sainte-Gudule et du très-saint sacrement de miracle à Bruxelles
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style, was inserted in 1672–1675 between the buttresses, with an octagonal plan with a
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As a result of watching the three chicks perform acrobatic feats on the cathedral's
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The two-manual choir organ was created in 1977 in the workshop of the organ-builder
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are moderately high and the robust cylindrical columns that line the nave's central
1173:, of which the central, more imposing, reaches a height of 55 metres (180 ft).
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1153:. They nonetheless remain a prominent feature in the skyline of downtown Brussels.
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altar by Jan
Voorspoel (1666). Behind the choir is a Baroque chapel dedicated to
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which, developing from a gallery with fine columns, is topped by several flaming
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are located). In 1072, the church was reconsecrated, probably following a fire.
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are topped with capitals in the shape of cabbage leaves. Statues of the twelve
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The
Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula serves as the co-cathedral of the
1896:. They were created in 1870 for the celebration of the fifth centenary of the
1854:. The southern window dates from 1538 and represents Charles' brother-in-law,
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Chapel of the
Blessed Sacrament of the Miracle (1534–1539). It now houses the
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of one of the towers; and an upper one characterised by the large triangular
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lined with cylindrical columns supporting the twelve statues of the apostles
1046:, approximately 45 km (28 mi) south-east of the cathedral's site.
897:, was built in front of it. It was not until 1962, with the creation of the
3423:
3363:
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3348:
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2369:. The project installed cameras with a live video stream on their website.
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1799:
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663:), and which was later used as an ominously famous prison, hence its name.
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The church was elevated to cathedral status in 1962 and has since been the
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roosting on top of the cathedral's towers. In 2001, ornithologists of the
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659:; "Mount of sorrows"), where the St. Gudula Gate stood (integrated in the
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1847:
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2646:"Cathédrale Saints-Michel-et-Gudule – Inventaire du patrimoine mobilier"
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At the end of the 1990s, Brussels ornithologists discovered a couple of
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2017:
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1635:
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3023:(in French). Vol. 1C: Pentagone N-Z. Liège: Pierre Mardaga. 1994.
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church's construction began in the 11th century, replacing an earlier
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2997:(in French). Vol. 1. Brussels: Touring Club Royal de Belgique.
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2393:. Other official ceremonies organised in the cathedral include the
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1916:, installed a plaque in the cathedral disavowing the 1370 events.
1494:. At the top, the Virgin and Child piercing the serpent symbolise
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2795:"A statue of former Belgian King Baudouin defaced with red paint"
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1820:
1705:
1673:, and his wife, Livine Cats van Welle, were buried there, and an
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1537:
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681:, showing the Church of St. Gudula's north tower still incomplete
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3047:
Official homepage of the Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula
1712:(also called the Maes Chapel) dated 1672–1675, and a marble and
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by their son Nicolas, was dedicated to them. It was made by the
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The street (now demolished) in front of the church, in the 1920s
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1882:
1571:
1471:
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743:, ordered two round towers to be added to the church. His son,
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Both towers contain bells. The south tower contains a 49-bell
1086:
and two 64-metre-high (210 ft) towers are typical of the
697:
in this church, and organised the transportation to it of the
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Since the mid-20th century, following the construction of the
2942:
Annales de la Société royale belge d'archéologie de Bruxelles
1889:
1444:
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937:
698:
519:
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332:
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2893:"Falcons for everyone - Peregrine falcons on the cathedral"
2352:(FIR), a French association dedicated to the protection of
2036:, in collaboration with the English architect Simon Platt.
2021:
1968:
Southern transept: stained glass window by Jan Haeck after
1948:
Northern transept: stained glass window by Jan Haeck after
1619:
1553:
1533:
1521:. The cathedral also contains the unmarked burial place of
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1266:
1254:
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526:
and its immense church bells. The complex was designated a
1618:
is Gothic and has three rectangular bays and a five-sided
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685:
In the 11th century, this first chapel was replaced by a
2737:
1928:
Western façade: stained glass window by Jan Haeck after
913:, Saint Michael and Saint Gudula, are also those of the
487:, and is considered to be one of the finest examples of
3623:
16th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Belgium
3618:
13th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Belgium
3613:
11th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Belgium
2391:
wedding of Prince Philippe and Mathilde d'Udekem d'Acoz
3002:
Mignon, Jacques (1970). "La cathédrale Saint-Michel".
2851:
2774:
2692:
2623:
1834:. The northern window dates from 1537 and represents
3004:
Brabant (Quarterly Review of the Tourist Federation)
2839:
2410:
1653:, where the famous Drahmal Cross (also known as the
1509:
by JerĂ´me Duquesnoy the Younger after a painting by
758:
was constructed between 1226 and 1276. The nave and
651:, then France. These crossroads were located on the
3041:Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula (Brussels)
3017:Le Patrimoine monumental de la Belgique: Bruxelles
1102:style. The whole structure is supported by sturdy
847:St. Gudula's Church, etching by Pieter Devel from
3250:Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula, Brussels
1026:style. It is traditionally listed, alongside the
3579:
3067:Observe live falcons at the top of the cathedral
2585:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2366:Commission Ornithologique de Watermael-Boitsfort
924:who, from 1839 to 1845, restored the towers and
2024:was inaugurated in October 2000. It hangs as a
1669:, is stored. Jean Micault, receiver general of
1505:is an elegant 17th-century sculpture depicting
3101:
3062:Discovery guide with pictures of the cathedral
2403:, attended by the king and other dignitaries.
1507:The education of the Holy Virgin by Saint Anna
1304:Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament of the Miracle
1257:, on the church's central axis, the Chapel of
813:praying in front of the Church of St. Gudula,
3087:
2576:
1587:Adam and Eve expelled from the Garden of Eden
731:At the end of the 12th century, a Romanesque
2364:
2347:
1357:
1141:. They appear to be unfinished, lacking the
1135:Collegiate Church of St. Peter and St. Guido
1022:style, although some parts are in the newer
1000:at the (by then) cathedral, 30 November 1965
886:
717:
583:
571:
549:. As the national church of Belgium and the
125:
36:
3219:Ordinariate for foreign students in Belgium
2812:
2344:Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences
2333:
1823:glassmaker Jan Haeck, based on drawings by
1513:. The side aisles contain 17th-century oak
1501:To the right of the portal of the northern
1363:
892:
723:
589:
577:
514:decorative elements, including some of its
450:Kathedraal van Sint-Michiel en Sint-Goedele
131:
53:Kathedraal van Sint-Michiel en Sint-Goedele
51:
3094:
3080:
2566:
2564:
2540:
2538:
2536:
1325:
502:, and was largely complete in its current
21:Church in Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium
3628:Roman Catholic churches completed in 1519
2992:
2975:Brussels: A Cultural and Literary History
2743:
1078:The main (western) façade with its three
1073:
2971:
2952:
2845:
2780:
2385:of Belgium, who is currently Archbishop
1049:The building adopts the classic plan: a
1032:Church of Our Blessed Lady of the Sablon
1009:
693:, and his wife Oda of Verdun, founded a
665:
3014:
2939:
2857:
2818:
2703:
2629:
2617:
2571:Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula
2561:
2533:
1846:and accompanied by their patron saints
934:Royal Committee for Monuments and Sites
872:
434:Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula
27:Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula
3580:
3500:List of Catholic seminaries in Belgium
3001:
2792:
2473:Belgium in the long nineteenth century
78:St. Michael and St. Gudula's Cathedral
3075:
2926:on the official site of the cathedral
2718:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2689:on the official site of the cathedral
2675:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2545:RĂ©gion de Bruxelles-Capitale (2016).
2349:Fonds d'Intervention pour les Rapaces
1699:Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium
1435:possesses all the characteristics of
793:, including the loss of its original
3603:Protected heritage sites in Brussels
3593:Roman Catholic cathedrals in Belgium
3235:List of Catholic churches in Belgium
3057:More information about the cathedral
2640:
2638:
2591:"Cathedrale Saints Michel et Gudule"
2547:"Cathédrale Saints-Michel-et-Gudule"
1609:
1517:formerly attributed to the sculptor
972:The church in the early 20th century
3588:Roman Catholic churches in Brussels
3296:List of Catholic schools in Belgium
2819:Moloney, Gerry (3 September 2014).
2793:Pitiot, Christophe (12 June 2020).
1474:from the 17th century, made by the
1334:, was originally built against the
708:, which were housed before then in
13:
2757:"Eglise Notre Dame de la Chapelle"
2709:
2664:
2506:
2490:
2110:The north tower contains a single
1574:by Hendrik Frans Verbruggen (1699)
1467:in 1566. The nave also contains a
1261:(also called the Maes Chapel), in
1042:, which is located in present-day
831:St. Gudula's Church, engraving by
442:Cathédrale Saints-Michel-et-Gudule
38:Cathédrale Saints-Michel-et-Gudule
14:
3644:
3270:St. Rumbold's Cathedral, Mechelen
3028:
2680:History and architecture overview
2635:
2372:
1697:is now in the collections of the
1345:. It is the work of the sculptor
1129:, who also designed the tower of
1106:with double spans, influenced by
1094:, as it features instead a large
863:St. Gudula's Church, painting by
3560:
3548:
3306:Université catholique de Louvain
3245:St. Salvator's Cathedral, Bruges
3171:
3128:Archdiocese of Mechelen–Brussels
3034:
2957:(in French). Brussels: Goemare.
2917:National events in the Cathedral
2427:
2413:
2346:(RBINS) in association with the
2067:
2062:Organ by Gerhard Grenzing (2000)
2055:
1981:
1961:
1941:
1921:
1806:
1791:
1772:
1756:
1744:
1729:
1594:
1579:
1561:
1545:
1409:
1393:
1388:View of the monumental staircase
1381:
1374:George Floyd protests in Belgium
1309:
1297:
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1220:
1205:
1190:
1178:
1018:Most of the cathedral is in the
989:
977:
965:
945:
899:Archdiocese of Mechelen–Brussels
856:
840:
824:
802:
622:
596:Brussels-Central railway station
582:, a large forecourt east of the
570:, St. Gudula is situated on the
539:Archdiocese of Mechelen–Brussels
371:
72:
3505:Apostolic Nunciature to Belgium
3188:Military Ordinariate of Belgium
3112:Episcopal Conference of Belgium
2933:
2910:
2885:
2863:
2821:"Resurrecting an ancient chief"
2786:
2749:
2379:Archbishop of Mechelen–Brussels
1416:Closeup of King Baudouin's bust
747:, instructed the building of a
3608:Gothic architecture in Belgium
3301:Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
3260:St. Quentin Cathedral, Hasselt
3240:Cathedral of Our Lady, Antwerp
3052:Virtual visit of the cathedral
2724:"History | Brussels Cathedral"
1005:
960:, in St. Gudula's Church, 1833
940:underneath the current choir.
489:Brabantine Gothic architecture
471:, Belgium. It is dedicated to
16:Cathedral in Brussels, Belgium
1:
3633:1047 establishments in Europe
3209:Ancient Diocese of Thérouanne
2993:Des Marez, Guillaume (1918).
2650:collections.heritage.brussels
2478:
2448:List of cathedrals in Belgium
2000:
1819:. It was made in 1528 by the
1482:in 1699. The base represents
1212:Ogival window and decorative
1014:The cathedral's main features
814:
735:was added to the west of the
675:
307:
2526:
2483:
2458:Roman Catholicism in Belgium
2453:List of carillons in Belgium
2443:List of churches in Brussels
2101:Royal Eijsbouts bell foundry
1908:. In 1977, then-Cardinal of
1457:JerĂ´me Duquesnoy the Younger
1372:in June 2020, following the
877:The church was designated a
452:), usually shortened to the
295:11th–15th centuries (church)
192:(Cathedral status from 1962)
7:
3275:St Aubin's Cathedral, Namur
2995:Guide illustré de Bruxelles
2406:
1995:. Stained glass windows by
1604:by anonymous (17th century)
1421:
1068:
10:
3649:
3439:St. Andrew's Abbey, Bruges
3339:Bethlehem Abbey, Bonheiden
3255:St Bavo's Cathedral, Ghent
3103:Catholic Church in Belgium
2953:De Bruyn, Abbé H. (1870).
2827:. History Publications Ltd
1632:Archduke Ernest of Austria
1236:
691:Count Lambert II of Leuven
617:
585:Boulevard de l'Impératrice
3543:
3495:List of saints of Belgium
3487:
3449:St. Trudo's Abbey, Bruges
3344:Bois-Seigneur-Isaac Abbey
3319:
3288:
3227:
3180:
3169:
3118:
3109:
2897:www.falconsforeveryone.be
2328:
2011:
1716:altarpiece depicting the
1657:), an early 11th-century
1651:Treasure of the Cathedral
1645:Left of the choir is the
1404:in front of the cathedral
1364:
1358:
1125:, the court architect of
954:Louis-Philippe of Belgium
893:
887:
745:Henry II, Duke of Brabant
724:
718:
594:. This area is served by
590:
584:
578:
572:
460:by locals, is a medieval
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3214:Diocese of Eupen-Malmedy
2978:. Oxford: Signal Books.
2972:De Vries, André (2003).
2873:(in Dutch). 20 July 2018
2498:Cathédrale Sainte-Gudule
2334:Falcons in the cathedral
2090:
1997:Jean-Baptiste Capronnier
1894:Jean-Baptiste Capronnier
1480:Hendrik Frans Verbruggen
1249:, two large late-Gothic
849:Les délices des Pays-Bas
766:'s reign began in 1519.
741:Henry I, Duke of Brabant
297:1485 (façade and towers)
1622:. It also contains the
1426:
1326:Staircase and forecourt
1057:ending in a five-sided
909:. The church's current
903:St. Rumbold's Cathedral
894:Sinter-Goedelevoorplein
739:. In the 13th century,
600:Parc/Park metro station
579:Sinter-Goedelevoorplein
543:St. Rumbold's Cathedral
454:Cathedral of St. Gudula
356:64 metres (210 ft)
133:Sinter-Goedelevoorplein
3555:Catholicism portal
3409:Monasterium Magnificat
2517:
2513:
2502:Sint-Goedelekathedraal
2501:
2497:
2365:
2348:
1691:Jan Cornelisz Vermeyen
1589:, detail of the pulpit
1525:, the last Irish-born
1245:, on each side of the
1074:Main façade and towers
1053:with a three-bay long
1034:, as one of the three
1015:
883:North–South connection
785:French revolutionaries
682:
656:
643:, and another between
568:North–South connection
449:
441:
52:
37:
3530:Our Lady of Beauraing
2549:(in French). Brussels
1862:in adoration for the
1842:in adoration for the
1147:Cathedral of Our Lady
1090:style, but without a
1013:
669:
3043:at Wikimedia Commons
2401:Belgian National Day
2105:Belgian royal family
2028:at the level of the
2026:swallow's nest organ
1992:Sacrament of Miracle
1988:Three scenes of the
1898:Sacrament of Miracle
1879:Theodoor van Thulden
1852:Elizabeth of Hungary
1840:Isabella of Portugal
1461:Johannes van Mildert
1365:Sinter-Goedelestraat
922:Tilman-François Suys
888:Parvis Sainte-Gudule
873:19th century–present
672:Pastoral Instruction
573:Parvis Sainte-Gudule
561:Belgian National Day
537:of the Metropolitan
510:chapels, whilst its
238:Heritage designation
127:Parvis Sainte-Gudule
106:50.84778°N 4.36028°E
3535:Our Lady of Banneux
3311:Université de Namur
2463:History of Brussels
2120:Peter van den Gheyn
1974:Louis II of Hungary
1866:and accompanied by
1856:Louis II of Hungary
1786:by Jean Mone (1538)
1490:after plucking the
1131:Brussels' Town Hall
930:Province of Brabant
102: /
3567:Belgium portal
3163:Diocese of Tournai
3148:Diocese of Hasselt
3133:Diocese of Antwerp
2620:, p. 185–215.
2468:Culture of Belgium
2421:Catholicism portal
1914:Leo Joseph Suenens
1902:antisemitic canard
1811:The cathedral has
1642:and high windows.
1486:expelled from the
1231:slaying the dragon
1185:The western façade
1123:Jan Van Ruysbroeck
1108:Soissons Cathedral
1016:
932:and member of the
683:
637:County of Flanders
311: 9th century
254:Architectural type
3575:
3574:
3520:CICM Missionaries
3444:St. Sixtus' Abbey
3389:Keizersberg Abbey
3369:Dendermonde Abbey
3280:Tournai Cathedral
3138:Diocese of Bruges
3039:Media related to
2985:978-1-902669-46-5
2964:978-0-37170-772-2
2340:peregrine falcons
2326:
2325:
2099:from 1966 by the
1970:Bernard van Orley
1950:Bernard van Orley
1930:Bernard van Orley
1910:Mechelen–Brussels
1825:Bernard van Orley
1718:Passion of Christ
1710:St. Mary Magdalen
1647:Flamboyant Gothic
1610:Choir and chapels
1527:chief of the name
1437:Brabantine Gothic
1359:Rue Sainte-Gudule
1318:St. Mary Magdalen
1259:St. Mary Magdalen
1104:flying buttresses
1100:Brabantine Gothic
1061:surrounded by an
1020:Brabantine Gothic
879:historic monument
772:St. Mary Magdalen
764:Emperor Charles V
752:collegiate church
749:Brabantine Gothic
725:Sint-Gorikshallen
719:Halles Saint-GĂ©ry
714:Saint-GĂ©ry Island
689:church. In 1047,
528:historic monument
430:
429:
377:Mechelen–Brussels
278:Brabantine Gothic
230:Functional status
111:50.84778; 4.36028
3640:
3598:City of Brussels
3565:
3564:
3563:
3553:
3552:
3459:Soleilmont Abbey
3434:Roosenberg Abbey
3394:Klaarland Priory
3384:Grimbergen Abbey
3359:Chevetogne Abbey
3175:
3158:Diocese of Namur
3153:Diocese of Liège
3143:Diocese of Ghent
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1965:
1945:
1925:
1906:host desecration
1858:, with his wife
1795:
1776:
1760:
1748:
1733:
1720:by the sculptor
1628:Dukes of Brabant
1598:
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661:first city walls
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3429:Rochefort Abbey
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3474:Val-Dieu Abbey
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3469:Tongerlo Abbey
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3329:Affligem Abbey
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2773:
2761:visit.brussels
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2744:Des Marez 1918
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2706:, p. 352.
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2685:2012-07-21 at
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2924:archive.today
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2846:De Bruyn 1870
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2789:
2783:, p. 32.
2782:
2781:De Vries 2003
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1838:and his wife
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911:patron saints
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867:, before 1762
866:
859:
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834:
827:
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809:Miniature of
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790:sans-culottes
787:known as the
786:
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781:
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754:in 1226. The
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633:Saint Michael
631:dedicated to
630:
623:Early history
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516:stained glass
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481:patron saints
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426:Xavier Deprez
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3424:Postel Abbey
3364:Chimay Abbey
3354:Brecht Abbey
3349:Bornem Abbey
3249:
3205:Former sees:
3016:
3007:
3003:
2994:
2974:
2954:
2945:
2941:
2934:Bibliography
2912:
2900:. Retrieved
2896:
2887:
2875:. Retrieved
2865:
2858:Mardaga 1994
2853:
2841:
2829:. Retrieved
2824:
2814:
2802:. Retrieved
2798:
2788:
2776:
2764:. Retrieved
2760:
2751:
2739:
2727:. Retrieved
2704:Mardaga 1994
2654:. Retrieved
2649:
2630:Mardaga 1994
2625:
2618:Brigode 1938
2598:. Retrieved
2594:
2551:. Retrieved
2518:Sint-Goedele
2508:
2492:
2394:
2376:
2358:
2337:
2308:
2286:
2264:
2242:
2220:
2198:
2171:
2149:
2118:was cast by
2116:Salvator, it
2115:
2109:
2094:
2038:
2015:
1989:
1887:
1876:
1864:Holy Trinity
1829:
1810:
1800:Saint Gudula
1767:of the choir
1724:dated 1538.
1703:
1685:painter and
1679:commissioned
1644:
1613:
1602:Confessional
1586:
1506:
1500:
1484:Adam and Eve
1430:
1340:
1329:
1285:View of the
1240:
1197:The central
1155:
1120:
1077:
1048:
1017:
919:
876:
848:
788:
778:
768:
730:
712:' Church on
706:Saint Gudula
684:
671:
652:
626:
591:Keizerinlaan
565:
554:
535:co-cathedral
532:
493:
477:Saint Gudula
457:
453:
433:
431:
353:Spire height
225:Architecture
217:of Brussels)
211:Saint Gudula
189:Co-cathedral
155:Denomination
18:
3525:La Pairelle
3414:Orval Abbey
3321:Monasteries
3010:. Brussels.
2948:. Brussels.
2831:13 November
2652:(in French)
2079: [
2044: [
2004: 1870
1872:Virgin Mary
1868:Saint Louis
1848:Charlemagne
1779:Marble and
1683:Renaissance
1677:, probably
1659:Anglo-Saxon
1465:iconoclasts
1350: [
1092:rose window
1051:Latin cross
1006:Description
996:Funeral of
952:Baptism of
818: 1468
733:avant-corps
679: 1480
653:Treurenberg
524:pipe organs
467:in central
422:Organist(s)
401:of Belgium)
367:Archdiocese
292:Years built
109: /
3582:Categories
3419:Park Abbey
2729:25 January
2479:References
2018:pipe organ
2016:The large
1972:depicting
1952:depicting
1798:Statue of
1784:altarpiece
1675:altarpiece
1661:inscribed
1636:ambulatory
1624:mausoleums
1496:redemption
1370:vandalised
1336:city walls
1316:Chapel of
1227:Statue of
1158:buttresses
1139:Anderlecht
1063:ambulatory
776:Protestant
687:Romanesque
670:Detail of
512:neo-Gothic
496:Romanesque
458:St. Gudula
389:Archbishop
342:Number of
331:Number of
249:05/03/1936
246:Designated
198:Dedication
94:50°50′52″N
3289:Education
2902:15 August
2804:3 October
2527:Citations
2516:; Dutch:
2500:; Dutch:
2484:Footnotes
2361:gargoyles
2135:Mass (kg)
2034:Barcelona
2030:triforium
1954:Charles V
1881:, one of
1836:Charles V
1832:transepts
1781:alabaster
1722:Jean Mone
1714:alabaster
1689:designer
1671:Charles V
1667:reliquary
1640:triforium
1531:O'Moloney
1478:sculptor
1241:From the
1171:pinnacles
1116:gargoyles
1112:pinnacles
956:, son of
602:on lines
530:in 1936.
465:cathedral
318:Completed
258:Cathedral
241:Protected
97:4°21′37″E
3488:See also
3228:Churches
3196:Tongeren
3120:Dioceses
2920:Archived
2799:Euronews
2683:Archived
2512:French:
2496:French:
2407:See also
2265:Philippe
2182:♯
2150:Salvator
2097:carillon
1870:and the
1695:triptych
1687:tapestry
1503:transept
1449:apostles
1422:Interior
1400:Bust of
1243:transept
1167:tympanum
1133:and the
1069:Exterior
1030:and the
907:Mechelen
795:carillon
760:transept
547:Mechelen
469:Brussels
313:(chapel)
122:Location
3510:Kerknet
2396:Te Deum
2383:Primate
2354:raptors
2309:Laurent
2221:Michael
2172:Fabiola
2114:called
2112:bourdon
2020:in the
1821:Antwerp
1751:Ceiling
1706:Baroque
1693:. This
1626:of the
1569:Baroque
1538:Thomond
1529:of the
1476:Antwerp
1469:Baroque
1291:chapels
1271:lantern
1263:Baroque
1251:chapels
1237:Chapels
1162:turrets
1151:Antwerp
1080:portals
1024:Baroque
926:portals
701:of the
695:chapter
645:Antwerp
641:Cologne
618:History
610:of the
556:Te Deum
551:Primate
508:Baroque
483:of the
399:Primate
283:Baroque
180:History
166:Website
149:Belgium
146:Country
3181:Others
2982:
2961:
2877:23 May
2766:28 May
2656:12 May
2600:14 May
2553:12 May
2381:, the
2329:Trivia
2322:South
2300:South
2287:Astrid
2278:South
2256:South
2243:Gudula
2234:South
2212:South
2190:South
2163:North
2141:Tower
2085:(1977)
2012:Organs
1976:(1538)
1956:(1537)
1936:(1528)
1890:aisles
1883:Rubens
1572:pulpit
1511:Rubens
1472:pulpit
1441:vaults
1214:merlon
1199:portal
1143:spires
1096:ogival
1084:gables
1040:quarry
1036:Gothic
851:, 1711
835:, 1646
780:Geuzen
703:martyr
699:relics
629:chapel
520:aisles
504:Gothic
500:chapel
479:, the
438:French
383:Clergy
344:spires
333:towers
273:Gothic
233:Active
185:Status
56:
45:French
41:
3201:Ypres
3021:(PDF)
2199:Maria
2091:Bells
2083:]
2048:]
1900:, an
1765:vault
1738:choir
1663:cross
1616:choir
1445:aisle
1354:]
1247:choir
1055:choir
938:crypt
756:choir
446:Dutch
416:Laity
265:Style
137:1000
60:Dutch
2980:ISBN
2959:ISBN
2904:2016
2879:2022
2833:2019
2806:2021
2768:2022
2731:2020
2658:2022
2602:2022
2555:2019
2247:1332
2225:1628
2203:2298
2176:3164
2154:6645
2138:Note
2132:Name
2022:nave
1850:and
1763:The
1736:The
1630:and
1620:apse
1614:The
1554:nave
1552:The
1534:sept
1433:nave
1431:The
1427:Nave
1289:and
1287:apse
1269:and
1267:dome
1255:apse
1114:and
1059:apse
737:nave
649:Mons
647:and
639:and
606:and
494:The
475:and
432:The
407:Dean
321:1519
2399:on
2313:485
2291:690
2269:975
2129:Nr.
1904:of
1536:of
1149:in
1137:in
905:in
559:on
545:in
456:or
3584::
2946:27
2895:.
2823:.
2797:.
2759:.
2711:^
2694:^
2666:^
2648:.
2637:^
2610:^
2593:.
2578:^
2563:^
2535:^
2107:.
2081:de
2050:.
2046:de
2001:c.
1912:,
1874:.
1827:.
1701:.
1638:,
1540:.
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1459:,
1455:,
1376:.
1352:nl
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440::
308:c.
130:/
3095:e
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3081:v
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2988:.
2967:.
2906:.
2881:.
2848:.
2835:.
2808:.
2770:.
2733:.
2660:.
2604:.
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2316:A
2305:8
2296:1
2294:G
2283:7
2274:1
2272:F
2261:6
2252:1
2250:E
2239:5
2230:1
2228:D
2217:4
2208:1
2206:C
2195:3
2186:0
2179:B
2168:2
2159:0
2157:G
2146:1
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1999:(
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