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932:
60:
944:, word got out. While Isaacs was personally esteemed, public opinion divided strongly over whether a governor-general should be an Australian, with perceived risks of local political bias. During Scullin's 1930 trip to Europe he personally advised the King to make the appointment and, although the King shared the concern about local political bias, he reluctantly accepted Scullin's advice, while noting in his diary that he thought the choice would be βvery unpopularβ in Australia.
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708:, who later became a solicitor and Victorian Member of Parliament, and sisters Carolyn and Hannah were all born in Yackandandah. A brother was born in Melbourne, and another sister was born in Yackandandah, but both died very young. His first formal schooling was from sometime after 1860 at a small private establishment. At eight he won the school
736:
While employed at the State School, Isaacs had his first experience of the law, as an unsuccessful litigant in an 1875 County Court case. He disputed a payment arrangement with the headmaster of his school, resigning as part of the dispute. After returning to teaching, now back at the
Grammar School,
795:
attributed this failure to "a plot discreditable to all engaged in it" and thought that this antagonizing and humiliating snub sharpened Isaacs's "tendency to minute technical criticism ... so as to bring him not infrequently into collision" with the committee. Isaacs had many reservations about the
732:
in his first year and winning many academic prizes. In his second year he was employed part-time as an assistant teacher at the school, and took up after school tutoring of fellow students. In
September 1870, when Isaacs was just 15 years old, he passed his examination as a pupil teacher and taught
1044:
Isaacs said "the
Zionist movement as a whole...now places its own unwarranted interpretation on the Balfour Declaration, and makes demands that are arousing the antagonism of the Muslim world of nearly 400 millions, thereby menacing the safety of our Empire, endangering world peace and imperiling
976:
Isaacs married
Deborah "Daisy" Jacobs, daughter of a tobacco merchant, at her parents' home in St Kilda on 18 July 1888. They had two daughters, one born in 1890 and the other in 1892. The daughters were Marjorie Isaacs Cohen who died in 1968 and was survived by a son (Thomas B. Cohen), and Nancy
947:
Isaacs's appointment was announced in
December 1930, and he was sworn in on 22 January 1931. He was the first Australian-born governor-general. Thus Isaacs agreed to a reduction in salary and conducted the office with great frugality. He gave up his official residences in Sydney and Melbourne and
1035:
An obstruction to the consent of the Arabs to the peaceful and prosperous settlement in
Palestine of hundreds of thousands of suffering European Jews, the victims of Nazi atrocities; and provocative of Muslim antagonism within and beyond the Empire, and consequently a danger to its integrity and
989:
Isaacs was 81 when his term ended in 1936, but his public life was far from over. He remained active in various causes for another decade and wrote frequently on matters of constitutional law. In the 1940s he became embroiled in controversy with the Jewish community both in
Australia and
1039:
Inconsistent in demanding on one hand, on a basis of a separate Jewish nationality everywhere Jews are found, Jewish domination in
Palestine, and at the same time claiming complete Jewish equality elsewhere than in Palestine, on the basis of a nationality common to the citizens of every
782:
from May 1892 until May 1893 and between June 1893 and May 1901. In 1893 he became
Solicitor-General in the Patterson ministry. From 1894 to 1899 he was Attorney-General in the Turner ministry, and served as acting Premier on some occasions. In 1897 he was elected to the
1440:
1045:
some of the most sacred associations of the Jewish, Christian, and Muslim faiths. Besides their inherent injustice to others these demands would, I believe, seriously and detrimentally affect the general position of Jews throughout the world".
939:
Shortly after Isaacs became Chief
Justice, the office of governor-general fell vacant and, after Cabinet discussion, Scullin offered the post to Isaacs. Although the proposal was supposed to be confidential until communicated to
832:
government. He was one of a group of backbenchers pushing for more radical policies and he earned the dislike of many of his colleagues through what they saw as his aloofness and rather self-righteous attitude to politics.
1006:. Isaacs said "olitical Zionism to which I am irrevocably opposed for the reasons which will be found clearly stated, must be sharply distinguished from religious and cultural Zionism to which I am strongly attached."
740:
As a child Isaacs became fluent in Russian, which his parents spoke frequently, as well as English and some German. Isaacs later gained varying degrees of proficiency in Italian, French, Greek, Hindustani and Chinese.
1437:
633:. Later that year, Scullin nominated Isaacs as his preferred choice for governor-general. The selection of an Australian (rather than the usual British aristocrat) was unprecedented and highly controversial. King
1009:
Isaacs opposed Zionism partly because he disliked nationalism of all kinds and saw Zionism as a form of Jewish national chauvinismβand partly because he saw the Zionist agitation in Palestine as disloyalty to the
1028:
Unwarranted by the Balfour Declaration, the Mandate, or any other right; contrary to Zionist assurances to Britain and to the Arabs and in present conditions unjust to other Palestinians politically and to other
2788:
1048:
In his later years, Isaacs became embroiled in legal battles with Edna Davis, the wife of his brother John. He forced her out of the family home, reclaimed her wedding ring, and finally had her declared a
693:, where Alfred continued his tailoring. Isaac Alfred Isaacs was born in this cottage on 6 August 1855. His family moved to various locations around Melbourne while he was young, then in 1859 moved to
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was opposed to the idea but eventually consented, and Isaacs took office in January 1931 as the first Australian-born holder of the office. He was the first governor-general to live full-time at
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Sir Isaac Isaacs, Contribution and significance of an individual in the 1930s, Australia between the wars: 1930s, History Year 9, NSW | Online Education Home Schooling Skwirk Australia
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2783:
716:. Yackandandah state school was opened in 1863 and Isaacs enrolled as a pupil. Here he excelled academically, particularly in arithmetic and languages, though he was a frequent
645:. Isaacs was Australia's first Jewish High Court Justice, the first Jewish Chief Justice of Australia and also the first Jewish Governor-General of Australia. He was a strong
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45:
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in 1946, he wrote that "the honour of Jews throughout the world demands the renunciation of political Zionism". Isaacs's main objections to Political Zionism were:
868:
2025:
1404:
1796:
Waugh, John (2011). "An Australian in the Palace of the King-Emperor: James Scullin, George V and the Appointment of the First Australian-Born Governor-General".
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Julius Stone, "Stand up and be counted!" An open letter to the Rt Hon Sir Isaac Isaacs on the occasion of the 26th anniversary of the Jewish National Home, 1944.
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An appeal for a greater Australia : the nation must itself take power for its post-war reconstruction; the constitutional issue stated; dynamic democracy
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reached England, Australia became a very popular destination and the Isaacs decided to emigrate. By 1854 they had saved enough for the fare, departing from
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839:
appointed Isaacs Attorney-General in 1905 but he was a difficult colleague and in 1906 Deakin was keen to get him out of politics by appointing him to the
2853:
964:
in April 1932. His term as governor-general concluded on 23 January 1936, and he retired to Victoria. In 1937, he was further honoured with the award of
733:
at the school from then until 1873. Isaacs was next employed as an assistant teacher at the Beechworth State School, the successor to the Common school.
677:. By 1845 he had passed through Paris and arrived to work in London, where he met Rebecca Abrahams; the two married in 1849. After news of the 1851
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1783:(1998). ""A Gross Discourtesy to His Majesty": The Campaign Within Australia, 1930β31, Against Sir Isaac Isaacs' Appointment as Governor-General".
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211:
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1198:
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Lee, Godfrey S. (1985). "The battle of the scholars: the debate between Sir Isaac Isaacs and Julius Stone over Zionism during World War II".
720:, walking off to spend time in the nearby mining camps. To help Isaacs gain a better quality education, in 1867, his family moved to nearby
2883:
2873:
2018:
541:). He began working as a schoolteacher at the age of 15, and later moved to Melbourne to work as a clerk and studied law part-time at the
965:
673:, Poland. Seeking better prospects, Alfred left Poland and worked his way across what is now Germany, spending some months in Berlin and
485:
41:
1002:. Isaacs insisted that Judaism was a religious identity and not a national or ethnic one. He opposed the notion of a Jewish homeland in
2099:
1931:
867:. He served on the court for 24 years, acquiring a reputation as a learned and radical but uncollegial justice. Isaacs was appointed a
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2011:
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in the outer southern suburbs of Melbourne. At a redistribution in November 1968, the electorate was abolished and a separate
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1064:'s 1905β1906 Cabinet. The Commonwealth government accorded him a state funeral, held on 13 February, and he was buried in
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1914:
333:
128:
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of 1928 for his service on the High Court. Isaacs is one of only eight justices of the High Court to have served in the
2793:
1316:
797:
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Palestine : peace and prosperity or war and destruction? Political Zionism : undemocratic, unjust, dangerous
960:. This was well-received with the public, as was Isaacs's image of rather austere dignity. Isaacs was promoted to a
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in June 1854 and arriving in Melbourne in September. Some time after arriving the Isaacs moved into a cottage and
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Palestine: Peace and Prosperity or War and Destruction? Political Zionism: Undemocratic, Unjust, Dangerous
1060:, Victoria, in the early hours of 11 February 1948, at the age of 92. He was the last surviving member of
1867:
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1032:
As regards unrestricted immigration, a discriminatory and an undemocratic camouflage for a Jewish State.
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2129:
1985:
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638:
519:
147:
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In 1892 Isaacs was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as a liberal. He was the member for
510:(6 August 1855 β 11 February 1948) was an Australian lawyer, politician, and judge who served as the
1837:
608:. The balance of the court eventually shifted, and he famously authored the majority opinion in the
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1939:
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600:. Isaacs was often in the minority in his early years on the court, particularly with regard to
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1412:
1311:
908:
694:
641:, and throughout his five-year term was popular among the public for his frugality during the
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2758:
2753:
2455:
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1780:
721:
538:
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32:
20:
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1658:
8:
2500:
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1963:
1857:
1600:
896:
829:
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in 1880, and soon became one of Melbourne's best-known barristers. He was elected to the
378:
800:
gave the draft its full support, rejecting his plea to delay for further consideration.
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1813:
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1623:
1514:
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1081:
1050:
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762:
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1022:"A negation of Democracy, and an attempt to revert to the Church-State of bygone ages.
2395:
2287:
1995:
1817:
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1335:
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of the Law Department. In 1876, while still working full-time, he studied law at the
737:
he expanded his interest in the law; reading law books and attending court sittings.
570:
506:
49:
948:
most official entertaining. Although he was sworn into office in the chamber of the
2430:
2415:
2302:
1953:
1805:
1768:
1095:
In 1973 Isaacs was honoured with an Australian postage stamp bearing his portrait.
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900:
892:
872:
821:
712:
prize, winning his photograph by the schoolmaster, who was also a photographer and
642:
339:
270:
2618:
1117:
Opinion of the Hon. Isaac A. Isaacs, K.C., M.P., re the case of Lieutenant Witton.
1084:
was created in the south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne. It exists to this day. The
669:
Isaacs was the son of Alfred Isaacs, a tailor of Jewish ancestry from the town of
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2445:
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2003:
1904:
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324:
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758:
725:
705:
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in northern Victoria, close to family friends. At this time Yackandandah was a
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2174:
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1339:
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593:
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2530:
2505:
2495:
2480:
2332:
2184:
2144:
2134:
1887:
1717:
1307:
995:
791:. However, he was not elected to the committee drafting the constitution;
750:
646:
596:, but the following year left politics in order to become a justice of the
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312:
116:
19:
This article is about the governor-general. For the mayor of Adelaide, see
1153:, Melbourne: Australian Natives' Association, Victorian Board of Directors
935:
Isaacs in his viceregal uniform, standing with his wife, Sydney, ca. 1934.
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2435:
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1978:
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1809:
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In May 1949 he was honoured with the naming of the Australian Electoral
843:
bench. He was the first serving minister to resign from the parliament.
2789:
Australian Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
2297:
2189:
863:
as a radical minority on the court in opposition to the chief justice,
713:
709:
686:
534:
1207:
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in Canberra, he was the first governor-general to live permanently at
657:
1115:
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546:
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410:
2199:
919:, appointed the 75-year-old Isaacs as chief justice, succeeding Sir
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808:
634:
96:
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991:
796:
draft constitution, but he campaigned in support of it after the
1470:
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first enrolling him in the Common school then in the Beechworth
1531:"Obituary β Lady Deborah (Daisy) Isaacs β Obituaries Australia"
717:
514:, in office from 1931 to 1936. He had previously served on the
998:. Isaacs was supported by Rabbi Jacob Danglow (1880β1962) and
2769:
Australian members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
1856:
Isaacs ("per the medium of" Tony Blackshield) interviewed by
851:
2809:
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Indi
2248:
962:
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
16:
Early 20th-century Australian politician, lawyer, and judge
2814:
Protectionist Party members of the Parliament of Australia
1385:
1844:
National Library of Australia: Papers of Sir Isaac Isaacs
869:
Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
729:
704:
Isaacs had siblings born in Melbourne and Yackandandah:
629:
appointed Isaacs as Chief Justice, in succession to Sir
2784:
Australian Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
1838:
Australian Dictionary of Biography: Isaac Alfred Isaacs
1687:. St Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland Press.
879:
prior to his appointment to the court; the others were
1373:
1277:
1256:
1185:
Referendum powers: a stepping stone to greater freedom
1581:
1557:
1409:
Re-Member: a database of all Victorian MPs since 1851
1244:
749:
In 1875, he moved to Melbourne and found work at the
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990:
internationally through his outspoken opposition to
2648:
1361:
2804:Members of the Australian House of Representatives
2033:
1569:
1167:Australian democracy and our constitutional system
2745:
1397:
1744:"Sir Isaac Isaacsβa sesquicentenary reflection"
907:. He was also one of two to have served in the
1726:; new ed. University of Queensland Press, 1993
926:
728:. He excelled at the Grammar School, becoming
2824:Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
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2234:
2019:
1205:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1146:
1113:
1104:
1832:University of Melbourne: Isaac Alfred Isaacs
1785:Australian Jewish Historical Society Journal
2834:Attorneys-general of the Colony of Victoria
1528:
966:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
2854:Australian people of Polish-Jewish descent
2641:
2627:
2241:
2227:
2026:
2012:
1761:Australian Journal of Politics and History
1635:– via National Library of Australia.
1320:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
1197:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1138:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
773:
604:, where he advocated the supremacy of the
88:21 January 1931 β 23 January 1936
58:
1522:
1014:, to which he was devoted. Following the
911:, along with Higgins. In April 1930, the
1619:"Death of Sir Isaac Isaacs in Melbourne"
1518:(Supplement). 11 May 1937. p. 3079.
1508:
1488:
1466:(Supplement). 4 June 1928. p. 3849.
1456:
930:
850:
846:
807:
803:
656:
352:29 March 1901 β 12 October 1906
2779:Justices of the High Court of Australia
2250:Justices of the High Court of Australia
984:
224:12 October 1906 β 2 April 1930
160:2 April 1930 β 21 January 1931
2746:
2611:Justices shown in order of appointment
2210:List of governors-general of Australia
1864:Newspaper clippings about Isaac Isaacs
1700:
1691:
1587:
1575:
1563:
1447:. Skwirk.com.au. Retrieved 2011-06-06.
1391:
1379:
1367:
1312:"Isaacs, Sir Isaac Alfred (1855β1948)"
1283:
1262:
1250:
1238:
1109:, Melbourne: Department of Agriculture
812:Isaacs during his time as a federal MP
290:6 July 1905 β 10 October 1906
212:Justice of the High Court of Australia
2879:Burials at Melbourne General Cemetery
2622:
2222:
2007:
1701:Isaacs, Sir Isaac (14 January 1946).
1682:
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1599:
1476:
1306:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
663:1898 Australasian Federal Convention
553:in 1892, and subsequently served as
2884:Lawyers from the Colony of Victoria
2874:20th-century Australian politicians
1732:Sir Isaac Isaacs: a Life of Service
1212:, Melbourne: Ramsey Ware Publishing
977:Isaacs Cullen. Lady Isaacs died at
768:
761:degree in 1883. He took silk as a
620:the paramountcy of Commonwealth law
512:ninth Governor-General of Australia
13:
1840:includes portrait as Chief Justice
1773:10.1111/j.1467-8497.1985.tb01326.x
1710:
1317:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1289:
14:
2900:
1825:
859:On the High Court, Isaacs joined
701:settlement of 3,000 people.
2732:
2198:
2043:
1607:. Federation Press. p. 157.
1178:, Melbourne: Horticultural Press
1169:, Melbourne: Horticultural Press
971:
816:Isaacs was elected to the first
518:from 1906 to 1931, including as
1860:in 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2014
1748:Melbourne University Law Review
1651:
1611:
1593:
1548:
1502:
1482:
1450:
1431:
1098:
798:Australian Natives' Association
744:
470:Barrister, politician and judge
448:
2859:Jewish anti-Zionism in Oceania
2829:Solicitors-general of Victoria
2819:Attorneys-general of Australia
2764:Governors-general of Australia
2035:Governors-general of Australia
1498:. 22 April 1932. p. 2633.
1322:Australian National University
1268:
757:. He graduated in 1880 with a
551:Victorian Legislative Assembly
431:Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
1:
2889:Attorneys-general of Victoria
2864:Jewish Australian politicians
1922:Governor-General of Australia
1895:Attorney-General of Australia
1627:. 12 February 1948. p. 1
1092:was named after him in 1966.
1025:Provocative of anti-Semitism.
952:in Melbourne, rather than in
950:Victorian Legislative Council
652:
614:of 1920, which abolished the
590:Attorney-General of Australia
278:Attorney-General of Australia
76:Governor-General of Australia
855:Isaacs as a High Court judge
787:to approve the terms of the
7:
2869:Melbourne Law School alumni
2849:20th-century King's Counsel
2774:Chief justices of Australia
1868:20th Century Press Archives
1834:includes photograph (1898).
1479:, pp. viiβix, 191β206.
1150:The Riverina Transport case
1068:after a synagogue service.
1056:Isaacs died at his home in
994:. His principal critic was
927:Governor-General, 1931β1936
824:as a critical supporter of
691:Elizabeth Street, Melbourne
10:
2905:
2839:Politicians from Melbourne
1986:Chief Justice of Australia
1849:Indi Election Results 1901
1724:. Oxford University Press.
1676:
1071:
1066:Melbourne General Cemetery
958:Government House, Canberra
148:Chief Justice of Australia
18:
2844:Australian King's Counsel
2794:Australian federationists
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1992:
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1970:
1960:
1950:
1945:
1938:
1928:
1919:
1911:
1901:
1892:
1884:
1879:
1705:. Ramsay Ware Publishing.
1405:"Sir Isaac Alfred Isaacs"
545:. Isaacs was admitted to
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30:
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1016:King David Hotel bombing
625:In 1930, Prime Minister
616:reserved powers doctrine
1940:Parliament of Australia
1734:. Melbourne: Heinemann.
1274:Gordon (1963), pp.13,18
979:Bowral, New South Wales
877:Parliament of Australia
873:King's Birthday Honours
820:in 1901 to the seat of
789:Australian Constitution
774:Victorian MP, 1892β1901
755:University of Melbourne
606:Commonwealth Government
576:Isaacs entered the new
543:University of Melbourne
516:High Court of Australia
481:Sir Isaac Alfred Isaacs
2799:Australian monarchists
1696:. Adelaide: Heinemann.
1683:Cowen, Zelman (1993).
1413:Parliament of Victoria
1206:Isaacs, Isaac (1946),
1183:Isaacs, Isaac (1946),
1174:Isaacs, Isaac (1943),
1165:Isaacs, Isaac (1939),
1147:Isaacs, Issac (1938),
1114:Isaacs, Isaac (1902),
1105:Isaacs, Isaac (1901),
936:
909:Parliament of Victoria
856:
813:
666:
618:and fully established
2650:Second Deakin Cabinet
1996:Sir Frank Gavan Duffy
1781:Rubinstein, Hilary L.
1394:, pp. 12β13, 17.
934:
854:
847:High Court, 1906β1931
811:
804:Federal MP, 1901β1906
751:Prothonotary's Office
660:
367:Australian Federation
334:Australian Parliament
1730:Gordon, Max (1963).
1692:Gordon, Max (1963).
1605:Lawyers then and now
1535:Obituaries Australia
1529:Colin Choat (2001).
985:Later life and death
271:Sir Edward McTiernan
33:The Right Honourable
21:Isaac Isaacs (mayor)
1880:Government offices
1810:10.22145/flr.39.2.2
1443:14 May 2013 at the
1107:The new agriculture
865:Sir Samuel Griffith
679:Victorian gold rush
586:Protectionist Party
584:, representing the
525:Isaacs was born in
398:Isaac Alfred Isaacs
182:The Lord Stonehaven
129:The Lord Stonehaven
2724:Thomas Playford II
1798:Federal Law Review
1659:"Australian stamp"
1624:The Canberra Times
1515:The London Gazette
1495:The London Gazette
1463:The London Gazette
1082:Division of Isaacs
1078:Division of Isaacs
1051:vexatious litigant
937:
857:
818:federal Parliament
814:
667:
578:federal parliament
415:Colony of Victoria
2741:
2740:
2616:
2615:
2605:
2604:
2357:
2356:
2216:
2215:
2002:
2001:
1993:Succeeded by
1961:Succeeded by
1929:Succeeded by
1902:Succeeded by
1854:Hail to the Chief
1718:Cowen, Sir Zelman
1382:, pp. 23β25.
1331:978-0-522-84459-7
1286:, pp. 19β20.
1265:, pp. 12β14.
1220:– via Trove
1128:– via Trove
571:Alexander Peacock
555:Solicitor-General
478:
477:
2896:
2736:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2620:
2619:
2366:
2365:
2263:
2262:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2220:
2219:
2202:
2047:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2005:
2004:
1976:Preceded by
1912:Preceded by
1885:Preceded by
1877:
1876:
1821:
1792:
1776:
1755:
1735:
1725:
1706:
1697:
1694:Sir Isaac Isaacs
1688:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1454:
1448:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1419:on 23 April 2023
1415:. Archived from
1401:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1304:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1253:, pp. 9β10.
1248:
1242:
1236:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1202:
1196:
1188:
1179:
1170:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1143:
1137:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1110:
954:Parliament House
915:Prime Minister,
901:Garfield Barwick
893:Edward McTiernan
885:Richard O'Connor
769:Political career
563:Attorney-General
509:
504:
497:
490:
452:
450:
428:
425:11 February 1948
407:
405:
389:Personal details
375:
359:
350:
336:
321:
309:
297:
288:
267:
255:
243:
231:
222:
201:
189:
179:
167:
158:
137:
125:
109:
86:
62:
52:
37:Sir Isaac Isaacs
28:
27:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2728:
2699:James Hume Cook
2694:Littleton Groom
2665:
2660:Prime Minister:
2653:
2647:
2617:
2612:
2601:
2560:
2353:
2337:
2252:
2247:
2217:
2212:
2203:
2194:
2048:
2037:
2032:
1998:
1989:
1981:
1979:Sir Adrian Knox
1966:
1957:
1934:
1925:
1917:
1915:Lord Stonehaven
1907:
1905:Littleton Groom
1898:
1890:
1828:
1795:
1779:
1758:
1738:
1729:
1716:
1713:
1711:Further reading
1679:
1674:
1673:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1598:
1594:
1590:, pp. 8β9.
1586:
1582:
1574:
1570:
1566:, pp. 7β8.
1562:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1539:
1537:
1527:
1523:
1507:
1503:
1487:
1483:
1475:
1471:
1455:
1451:
1445:Wayback Machine
1436:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1390:
1386:
1378:
1374:
1366:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1332:
1305:
1290:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1261:
1257:
1249:
1245:
1241:, pp. 1β5.
1237:
1233:
1228:
1215:
1213:
1190:
1189:
1156:
1154:
1131:
1130:
1123:
1121:
1101:
1074:
987:
974:
929:
849:
806:
776:
771:
763:Queen's Counsel
747:
655:
592:in 1905, under
559:James Patterson
529:and grew up in
502:
495:
488:
484:
454:
451: 1888)
446:
442:
430:
426:
409:
403:
401:
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399:
373:
365:
357:
351:
346:
337:
332:
325:Littleton Groom
319:
307:
295:
289:
284:
265:
253:
241:
229:
223:
218:
205:Sir Frank Duffy
199:
193:Sir Adrian Knox
187:
177:
165:
159:
154:
141:The Lord Gowrie
135:
123:
115:
107:
99:
87:
82:
65:
53:
40:
38:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2679:Austin Chapman
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2258:Chief Justices
2254:
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2246:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2223:
2214:
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2208:
2205:
2204:
2197:
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2172:
2167:
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2157:
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2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2080:Munro Ferguson
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2051:
2049:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2031:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2008:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1991:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1971:Legal offices
1968:
1967:
1962:
1959:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1927:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1900:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1861:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1835:
1827:
1826:External links
1824:
1823:
1822:
1793:
1777:
1767:(1): 128β134.
1756:
1740:Kirby, Michael
1736:
1727:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1698:
1689:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1650:
1648:, p. 257.
1638:
1610:
1592:
1580:
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1521:
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1012:British Empire
986:
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928:
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848:
845:
805:
802:
775:
772:
770:
767:
759:Master of Laws
746:
743:
726:Grammar School
706:John A. Isaacs
661:Isaacs in the
654:
651:
611:Engineers case
476:
475:
472:
471:
468:
464:
463:
460:
456:
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444:
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429:(aged 92)
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108:Prime Minister
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71:
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64:Isaacs in 1936
63:
55:
54:
39:
36:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2890:
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2719:Samuel Mauger
2717:
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2697:
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2692:
2690:
2687:
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2672:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2663:Alfred Deakin
2661:
2656:
2651:
2644:
2639:
2637:
2632:
2630:
2625:
2624:
2621:
2608:
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2176:
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2171:
2168:
2166:
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2151:
2148:
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2128:
2126:
2123:
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2118:
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2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
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2058:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2036:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2017:
2015:
2010:
2009:
2006:
1997:
1988:
1987:
1980:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1956:
1955:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1924:
1923:
1916:
1910:
1906:
1897:
1896:
1889:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1804:(2): 235β53.
1803:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1754:(3): 880β904.
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1660:
1654:
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1642:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1589:
1584:
1577:
1572:
1565:
1560:
1551:
1536:
1532:
1525:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1505:
1497:
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1491:
1485:
1478:
1473:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1453:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1434:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1400:
1393:
1388:
1381:
1376:
1370:, p. 23.
1369:
1364:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1308:Cowen, Zelman
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1285:
1280:
1271:
1264:
1259:
1252:
1247:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1211:
1210:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1119:
1118:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1062:Alfred Deakin
1059:
1054:
1052:
1046:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
982:
980:
972:Personal life
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
945:
943:
942:King George V
933:
924:
922:
918:
917:James Scullin
914:
910:
906:
905:Lionel Murphy
902:
898:
894:
890:
889:H. B. Higgins
886:
882:
881:Edmund Barton
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
861:H. B. Higgins
853:
844:
842:
838:
837:Alfred Deakin
834:
831:
830:Protectionist
827:
826:Edmund Barton
823:
819:
810:
801:
799:
794:
793:Alfred Deakin
790:
786:
781:
766:
764:
760:
756:
752:
742:
738:
734:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
664:
659:
650:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
627:James Scullin
623:
621:
617:
613:
612:
607:
603:
599:
595:
594:Alfred Deakin
591:
587:
583:
582:1901 election
579:
574:
572:
568:
567:George Turner
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
523:
521:
520:Chief Justice
517:
513:
508:
501:
494:
487:
482:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
438:
434:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:6 August 1855
396:
392:
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383:
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377:
371:
368:
364:
361:
355:
349:
344:
341:
335:
329:
326:
323:
317:
314:
311:
305:
302:
301:Alfred Deakin
299:
293:
287:
282:
279:
275:
272:
269:
263:
260:
257:
251:
248:
245:
239:
236:
235:Alfred Deakin
233:
227:
221:
216:
213:
209:
206:
203:
197:
194:
191:
185:
181:
175:
172:
171:James Scullin
169:
163:
157:
152:
149:
145:
142:
139:
133:
130:
127:
121:
118:
114:
113:James Scullin
111:
105:
102:
98:
95:
91:
85:
80:
77:
72:
68:
61:
56:
51:
47:
43:
34:
29:
26:
22:
2714:William Lyne
2709:John Keating
2704:Isaac Isaacs
2703:
2689:John Forrest
2684:Thomas Ewing
2659:
2282:
2165:Hollingworth
2094:
1984:
1964:Joseph Brown
1951:
1947:New division
1946:
1920:
1893:
1888:Josiah Symon
1801:
1797:
1791:(3): 425β58.
1788:
1784:
1764:
1760:
1751:
1747:
1731:
1722:Isaac Isaacs
1721:
1702:
1693:
1685:Isaac Isaacs
1684:
1662:. Retrieved
1653:
1641:
1629:. Retrieved
1622:
1613:
1604:
1601:Mason, Keith
1595:
1583:
1571:
1559:
1550:
1538:. Retrieved
1534:
1524:
1513:
1504:
1493:
1484:
1472:
1461:
1452:
1433:
1421:. Retrieved
1417:the original
1408:
1399:
1387:
1375:
1363:
1351:. Retrieved
1315:
1279:
1270:
1258:
1246:
1234:
1214:, retrieved
1208:
1184:
1175:
1166:
1155:, retrieved
1149:
1122:, retrieved
1116:
1106:
1099:Bibliography
1094:
1075:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1008:
996:Julius Stone
988:
975:
946:
938:
858:
835:
815:
777:
748:
745:Legal career
739:
735:
703:
695:Yackandandah
668:
647:Anti-Zionist
624:
609:
588:. He became
575:
537:(in country
531:Yackandandah
524:
480:
479:
441:Daisy Jacobs
427:(1948-02-11)
379:Joseph Brown
374:Succeeded by
362:
347:
320:Succeeded by
313:Josiah Symon
285:
266:Succeeded by
258:
242:Appointed by
230:Nominated by
219:
200:Succeeded by
178:Appointed by
166:Nominated by
155:
136:Succeeded by
117:Joseph Lyons
83:
25:
2759:1948 deaths
2754:1855 births
2674:Robert Best
2597:Beech-Jones
1952:Member for
1932:Lord Gowrie
1858:Keith Mason
1588:Isaacs 1946
1576:Isaacs 1946
1564:Isaacs 1946
1510:"No. 34396"
1490:"No. 33819"
1458:"No. 33390"
1392:Gordon 1963
1380:Gordon 1963
1368:Gordon 1963
1284:Gordon 1963
1263:Gordon 1963
1251:Gordon 1963
1239:Gordon 1963
1187:, Melbourne
1120:, Melbourne
1058:South Yarra
1000:Harold Boas
981:, in 1960.
921:Adrian Knox
897:John Latham
699:gold mining
631:Adrian Knox
522:from 1930.
417:, Australia
358:Preceded by
308:Preceded by
254:Preceded by
188:Preceded by
124:Preceded by
101:Edward VIII
2748:Categories
2587:J. Gleeson
2396:Piddington
2323:M. Gleeson
2105:Gloucester
2090:Stonehaven
1990:1930β1931
1958:1901β1906
1926:1931β1936
1899:1905β1906
1646:Cowen 1993
1477:Cowen 1993
1423:5 December
1216:4 December
1157:4 December
1124:4 December
1088:suburb of
1029:religions.
841:High Court
785:convention
722:Beechworth
710:arithmetic
653:Early life
643:Depression
639:Yarralumla
602:federalism
598:High Court
535:Beechworth
467:Profession
404:1855-08-06
2652:(1905β08)
2416:McTiernan
2125:De L'Isle
2120:Dunrossil
2065:Northcote
1818:220296070
1340:1833-7538
1004:Palestine
765:in 1899.
714:bootmaker
687:shopfront
683:Liverpool
675:Frankfurt
527:Melbourne
411:Melbourne
348:In office
286:In office
220:In office
156:In office
84:In office
2531:Callinan
2451:Windeyer
2431:Fullagar
2421:Williams
2381:O'Connor
2362:Justices
2273:Griffith
2180:Cosgrove
2060:Tennyson
2055:Hopetoun
1742:(2005).
1720:(1967).
1603:(2012).
1441:Archived
1353:5 August
1348:70677943
1310:(1983).
1193:citation
1134:citation
1086:Canberra
828:and his
635:George V
539:Victoria
459:Children
97:George V
93:Monarchs
74:9th
2582:Steward
2577:Edelman
2565:Current
2541:Crennan
2506:Gaudron
2466:Stephen
2446:Menzies
2386:Higgins
2349:Gageler
2342:Current
2318:Brennan
2303:Barwick
2170:Jeffery
2150:Stephen
2135:Hasluck
2085:Forster
1870:of the
1866:in the
1677:Sources
1072:Honours
1040:faith."
1036:safety.
992:Zionism
871:in the
580:at the
547:the bar
453:
445:
2572:Gordon
2556:Nettle
2536:Heydon
2516:Gummow
2511:McHugh
2501:Toohey
2496:Dawson
2486:Wilson
2481:Aickin
2476:Murphy
2471:Jacobs
2441:Taylor
2406:Starke
2391:Powers
2376:Barton
2369:Former
2333:Kiefel
2328:French
2293:Latham
2283:Isaacs
2266:Former
2190:Mostyn
2185:Hurley
2155:Hayden
2110:McKell
2100:Gowrie
2095:Isaacs
2075:Denman
2070:Dudley
1816:
1664:6 June
1631:19 May
1540:19 May
1346:
1338:
1328:
1090:Isaacs
903:, and
780:Bogong
718:truant
665:album.
565:under
561:, and
557:under
436:Spouse
2592:Jagot
2551:Keane
2526:Hayne
2521:Kirby
2491:Deane
2461:Walsh
2436:Kitto
2411:Evatt
2313:Mason
2308:Gibbs
2298:Dixon
2288:Duffy
2175:Bryce
2160:Deane
2145:Cowen
2130:Casey
1814:S2CID
1226:Notes
913:Labor
671:MΕawa
505:
503:,
498:
496:,
491:
489:,
447:(
443:
48:
44:
2546:Bell
2456:Owen
2426:Webb
2401:Rich
2278:Knox
2140:Kerr
2115:Slim
1954:Indi
1666:2011
1633:2014
1542:2014
1425:2013
1355:2022
1344:OCLC
1336:ISSN
1326:ISBN
1218:2020
1199:link
1159:2020
1140:link
1126:2020
822:Indi
649:.
569:and
533:and
493:GCMG
422:Died
394:Born
363:None
340:Indi
338:for
259:None
46:GCMG
1872:ZBW
1806:doi
1769:doi
730:dux
689:in
486:GCB
42:GCB
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1800:.
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