171:
and these were often sizeable affairs which brought troops together in large numbers for strategic and training purposes. Although overseas service was excluded from the militia's duties, embodied regiments were usually required to serve away from their home counties, and were frequently moved from one station to another. This was intended to reduce the risk of the men sympathising with the populace if they were required to quell civil unrest. Pay and conditions were similar to those of the regular army, with the additional benefit of money for family dependants. Unlike the army, the militia had no cavalry or, until 1853, artillery.
31:
636:, the Irish militia were reorganized to form thirty-eight county and city regiments. While officers of the reorganized force were all Protestants, membership of the other ranks was now opened up to members of all denominations, including Roman Catholics. The provisions of the Act called for lists to be drawn up of eligible men in each locality and with enlistees been drawn by ballot. The result of this was to cause widespread discontent in Ireland resulting in riots and close to 230 deaths over an eight week period.
139:
155:. Responsibility for raising and organising the force remained at county level, but funding was provided by central government. Officers were to be appointed from among the property-owning class. Men were to be chosen by ballot among the able-bodied men of the parish between the ages of 18 and 50, and would serve for three years (soon extended to five). If they wished not to serve, they could either provide a substitute or pay a £10 fine.
484:
122:. Although the king commanded the forces, they were not centrally funded. The burden of supplying men and equipment fell on property owners, in proportion to their income from land or their property value. The militia could be called out for local police actions, to keep the peace, and in the event of a national emergency. It played a role in coastal defence during the second and third
158:
There was considerable opposition to the reforms, both in
Parliament and in the country at large. Riots occurred in Yorkshire, Lincolnshire and elsewhere in 1757. These stemmed chiefly from an ill-informed fear that conscription and compulsory foreign service were being covertly introduced. In fact,
552:
Following the merger of
Scotland into the new Kingdom of Great Britain, the British Militia Act 1757 did not apply in Scotland. There the traditional system continued, so that militia regiments existed in some places and not in others. This was resented by some, and the Militia Club, soon to become
170:
Training of the disembodied militia took place over a period of several weeks each year, outside which officers and men would be largely free to pursue their civilian lives. When embodied, regiments would normally be quartered in public houses or barracks where available. Camps were also an option,
163:. Local opposition to the acts resulted in some counties being slow to implement them. Six counties – Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Staffordshire, Sussex and Worcestershire – were in default for many years, also defaulting on a large part of the fines imposed on them in consequence. The
1168:
Wider research led me to discover confusion about the role of Lord
Loudoun's new highland regiment, raised in 1745; the independent companies, raised for the duration of the rebellion, and the militia companies raised during the rebellion. There still remains work to be done on the role of the
183:
resulted in growing pressure on recruitment for the militia, both for home defence and as a feeder for the army. During the period to 1815, 110,000 men transferred to line regiments as against 36,000 prior to 1802. The militia continued to serve as a coastal defence force, as well as guarding
497:
was still an independent country sharing a monarch with
England, there were calls for the resurrection of the country's militia, with the understated aim of protecting the rights of Scots in Great Britain. A historical account of the debate which followed on Fletcher's work is given in John
178:
the militia expanded to a total strength of 82,000 men in
February 1799, reducing to 66,000 through an act of Parliament of that year designed to reinforce the regular army by encouraging militia volunteers through the offer of bounties for enlistment. In 1802 peace with France led to the
597:. Orrey was Lord President of Munster and the establishment of militia was the most advanced there, this was partially driven by fears of a Dutch attack on Kinsale. Ormonde however in general wasn't hugely enthusiastic about the militia given the large number of Cromwellian
572:
of
Scotland to raise and command militia regiments in each of the "Counties, Stewartries, Cities, and Places" under their jurisdiction. At first the Act was opposed due to some believing the militia ballot would be used to enable the Crown to remove men from Scotland.
150:
The militia's usefulness as a military force, never great, declined thereafter, until by the middle of the 18th century it required a major overhaul. This was achieved by the
Militia Acts 1757–1762, passed as a response to the threat of a French invasion during the
840:
1274:
An Old
Highland Fencible Corps The History of the Reay Fencible Highland Regiment of Foot, or Mackay's Highlanders, 1794–1802, With an Account of Its Services in Ireland During the Rebellion of 1798
159:
the acts, which applied in
England and Wales only, restricted service to the territory of Great Britain. However some militia regiments did volunteer for service in Ireland during the
167:, which drained the country of regular troops, provided the stimulus that brought the defaulters into line. By 1778 all English and Welsh counties had embodied their militias.
601:
within it. As a result the militia was established on an ad-hoc basis and was only called out three times during the period in 1666, 1672 (renewal of war with Dutch) and 1678 (
174:
The militia was constitutionally separate from the army, but from the 1790s militiamen were encouraged to volunteer for the army, and did so in large numbers. During the
581:
The earliest history of the
Militia in Ireland dates to the Cromwellian period with the raising of two regiments of Militia in Dublin in May 1659. In 1666 during the
67:
1536:
644:
The list of Militia regiments as raised after the passing of the 1793 Act. The regimental numbers were assigned by ballot on the 8th of August 1794.
179:
disembodying of the militia, which was embodied again in 1803, when hostilities resumed. Britain's increasing overseas troop commitments during the
616:
As a result of the Ad-hoc nature of its formation the legal position of the pre-existing Militia in Ireland was only finally formalised when the
1004:
220:
272:
1531:
1490:
266:
94:
alongside British militia units. The existence of militia units in Great Britain and Ireland played an important role in freeing
1541:
610:
605:- where they were used to disarm the Catholic population). It would subsequently be disarmed itself however in 1685 during the
598:
1410:
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1125:
979:
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875:
829:
1186:
714:
1096:
546:
487:
127:
907:
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352:
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to promote the raising of a Scottish militia. This and several other Edinburgh clubs became the crucible of the
1516:
522:
78:, led to the rapid expansion of the British Militia in order to defend from potential French invasions. In the
336:
17:
1203:
1169:
militia companies raised for short periods during the rebellion in Argyll, Skye and the northern counties
71:
1156:
1150:
594:
526:
103:
808:
175:
1009:
928:
51:
841:"'The first chapter of 1798'? Restoring a military perspective to the Irish Militia riots of 1793"
30:
1452:
1426:
1400:
999:
518:
506:
405:
362:
292:
235:
160:
91:
1117:
657:
582:
562:
410:
357:
225:
215:
114:
Following the restoration of Charles II in 1660, Parliament passed several acts empowering the
47:
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dockyards and prisoners of war, and performing other duties including riot control during the
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303:
230:
324:
245:
205:
8:
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494:
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164:
152:
75:
27:
Principal military reserve forces of the Kingdom of Great Britain during the 18th century
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606:
542:
472:
The English militia in the eighteenth century: the story of a political issue 1660–1802
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318:
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79:
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751:
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unrest of 1811–1813. It was disembodied in 1815 but balloting continued until 1831.
119:
59:
1373:
1464:
1381:
1354:
1014:
940:
852:
625:
585:
the establishment of a national militia was begun. This started as a proposal from
382:
250:
123:
1086:
1346:
1287:
1211:
886:
865:
819:
633:
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341:
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143:
115:
35:
1289:
The Militia in Eighteenth-century Ireland: In Defence of the Protestant Interest
909:
The Militia in Eighteenth-century Ireland: In Defence of the Protestant Interest
1319:
400:
394:
261:
1427:"An Act to make the Militia of this Kingdom more useful. (2 Geo I c.9 (1715))"
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952:
742:
255:
1135:
944:
1468:
514:
312:
99:
95:
83:
55:
1385:
1358:
138:
929:"'Zeal and Patriotism': Forging Identity in the Irish Militia, 1793‐1802"
602:
1495:. Dublin, Ireland: Hodges, Figgis, and Company, limited. pp. 83–84
629:
554:
994:
558:
63:
54:. Militia units were repeatedly raised in Great Britain during the
483:
1453:"AN END TO MORAL ECONOMY: THE IRISH MILITIA DISTURBANCES OF 1793"
185:
510:
465:
Britain against Napoleon: the organization of victory 1793–1815
1320:"The army in Ireland from the Restoration to the Act of Union"
1208:
Culloden: The History and Archaeology of the last Clan Battle
126:
between 1665 and 1674, and contributed to the defeat of the
632:
between the ages of sixteen and sixty. In 1793, during the
1326:. Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Department of History
810:
The Irish Militia, 1793-1816: A Social and Military Study
118:
of each county to appoint officers and raise men for the
1492:
A Short History of the Royal Longford Militia, 1793-1893
1402:
Seventeenth-century Ireland : making Ireland modern
624:
in 1715 raising regiments of militia in each county and
517:
and the northern counties. They are often confused with
867:
The Irish Militia, 1793-1802: Ireland's Forgotten Army
1088:
A Discourse of Government with Relation to Militias
818:Bartlett, Thomas; Jeffery, Keith (9 October 1997).
1405:. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. pp. 280–283.
1109:
1523:
1517:Regiments of the British West Indies and Bermuda
1112:The Scottish Enlightenment And The Militia Issue
500:The Scottish Enlightenment and the Militia Issue
451:The county lieutenancies and the army, 1803–1814
1152:Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness
817:
86:of Great Britain, the equivalent force was the
1238:
1005:Militia (British Dominions and Crown Colonies)
639:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1034:The English militia in the eighteenth century
191:
1257:
1251:
1198:
1196:
1183:The Argyll or Campbell Militia of 1745–1746
807:McAnally, Sir Henry William Watson (1949).
1306:
221:Royal Buckinghamshire Militia (King's Own)
1444:
1398:
1107:
926:
1537:18th-century history of the British Army
1450:
1317:
1193:
806:
482:
458:The British volunteer movement 1794–1814
137:
29:
1371:
1344:
1285:
1279:
1232:
1202:
1148:
905:
525:who also supported the Government. The
14:
1524:
1488:
1180:
1142:
933:Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies
863:
838:
611:Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell
62:duties and to defend against external
980:Royal Militia of the Island of Jersey
509:in Scotland, militias were raised in
1272:Scobie, Ian Hamilton Mackay (1914).
1187:Society for Army Historical Research
1181:Scobie, Ian Hamilton Mackay (1946).
884:
800:
647:
493:In the late 17th century, while the
199:
568:The Militia Act 1797 empowered the
478:
444:The British armed nation 1793–1815.
24:
1318:Ferguson, Kenneth Patrick (1981).
967:
888:Armies of the Irish Rebellion 1798
885:Reid, Stuart (20 September 2011).
436:
38:undergoing musket training in 1759
25:
1553:
1532:Military history of Great Britain
1510:
1372:McGuire, James (1 October 2009).
1345:Barnard, T. C. (1 October 2009).
839:Nelson, Ivan F. (November 2003).
547:John Campbell, 4th Duke of Argyll
488:John Campbell, 4th Duke of Argyll
90:, which saw heavy service in the
1489:Richey, Henry Alexander (1894).
1239:Fremont-Barnes, Gregory (2014).
591:James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond
576:
133:
1482:
1419:
1392:
1365:
1338:
1266:
927:McDonnell, Ciarán (June 2019).
628:. Membership was restricted to
587:Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery
545:militia unit formed in 1745 by
353:Northampton and Rutland Militia
1431:librarycollections.law.umn.edu
1241:The Jacobite Rebellion 1745–46
1174:
1101:
1079:
1070:
1057:
1048:
1039:
1026:
824:. Cambridge University Press.
523:Independent Highland Companies
13:
1:
1542:Militia of the United Kingdom
1378:Dictionary of Irish Biography
1351:Dictionary of Irish Biography
1258:McKerracher, Mairead (2013).
1020:
870:. Dublin: Four Courts Press.
821:A Military History of Ireland
738:25th Queen’s County Battalion
726:21st Limerick County Regiment
337:Royal Montgomeryshire Militia
196:An incomplete list includes:
109:
777:35th Dublin County Battalion
692:13th Limerick City Battalion
7:
1399:Gillespie, Raymond (2006).
988:
72:Parliament of Great Britain
10:
1558:
1155:. Vol. LIII. p.
1149:MacLeod, Ruairidh (1984).
595:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
527:Campbell of Argyll Militia
74:after the outbreak of the
1451:Bartlett, Thomas (1983).
1262:. Neil Wilson Publishing.
1065:Britain against Napoleon.
891:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
857:10.1017/S0021121400015893
762:30th Mayo South Battalion
701:16th Londonderry Regiment
689:12th Dublin City Regiment
640:List of militia regiments
192:List of militia regiments
176:French Revolutionary Wars
1108:Robertson, John (1985).
1010:Militia (United Kingdom)
864:Nelson, Ivan F. (2007).
845:Irish Historical Studies
813:. Clonmore and Reynolds.
774:34th Cork North Regiment
768:32nd Cork South Regiment
662:3rd Mayo North Battalion
319:Royal Lancashire Militia
52:Kingdom of Great Britain
1380:. Royal Irish Academy.
1353:. Royal Irish Academy.
1085:Andrew Fletcher (1698)
1000:British Volunteer Corps
945:10.1111/1754-0208.12612
771:33rd Waterford Regiment
765:31st Roscommon Regiment
747:27th Cork City Regiment
735:24th Drogheda Battalion
698:15th Longford Battalion
671:6th Westmeath Battalion
507:Jacobite rising of 1745
406:Royal Wiltshire Militia
363:Nottinghamshire Militia
293:Gloucestershire Militia
236:Carmarthenshire Militia
92:Irish Rebellion of 1798
1286:Garnham, Neal (2012).
976:Royal Guernsey Militia
973:Royal Alderney Militia
906:Garnham, Neal (2012).
783:37th Wicklow Battalion
723:20th Kilkenny Regiment
715:King’s County Regiment
683:10th Leitrim Battalion
583:Second Anglo-Dutch War
563:Scottish Enlightenment
549:to oppose the rising.
490:
411:Worcestershire Militia
358:Northumberland Militia
226:Cambridgeshire Militia
216:Brecknockshire Militia
147:
106:for overseas service.
48:military reserve force
39:
1386:10.3318/dib.008460.v1
1359:10.3318/dib.000859.v1
786:38th Wexford Regiment
780:36th Donegal Regiment
732:23rd Carlow Battalion
665:4th Kildare Battalion
653:1st Monaghan Regiment
618:Parliament of Ireland
486:
304:Hertfordshire Militia
231:Cardiganshire Militia
141:
33:
1469:10.1093/past/99.1.41
729:22nd Sligo Battalion
710:18th Cavan Battalion
686:11th Galway Regiment
519:Loudon's Highlanders
395:Royal Surrey Militia
325:Royal London Militia
206:Bedfordshire Militia
104:Irish establishments
1260:Jacobite Dictionary
1216:Pen and Sword Books
758:Fermanagh Battalion
695:14th Kerry Regiment
677:8th Armagh Regiment
674:7th Antrim Regiment
668:5th Louth Battalion
495:Kingdom of Scotland
373:Radnorshire Militia
368:Oxfordshire Militia
348:Northampton Militia
299:North Hants Militia
165:American Revolution
984:Royal Sark Militia
752:Tipperary Regiment
607:Monmouth Rebellion
529:also known as the
491:
421:North York Militia
283:Flintshire Militia
148:
142:An officer of the
80:Kingdom of Ireland
46:was the principal
40:
1412:978-0-7171-3946-0
1374:"Talbot, Richard"
1299:978-1-84383-724-4
1292:. Boydell Press.
1245:Osprey Publishing
1225:978-1-84884-020-1
1127:978-0-85976-109-3
919:978-1-84383-724-4
912:. Boydell Press.
898:978-1-84908-939-5
877:978-1-84682-037-3
831:978-0-521-62989-8
797:
796:
680:9th Down Regiment
521:regiment and the
498:Robertson's 1985
449:Fortescue, J. W.
433:
432:
416:East York Militia
397:(three regiments)
331:Middlesex Militia
321:(seven regiments)
288:Glamorgan Militia
278:Fifeshire Militia
273:Edinburgh Militia
241:Carnarvon Militia
211:Berkshire Militia
161:Rebellion of 1798
60:internal security
16:(Redirected from
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1457:Past and Present
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851:(132): 369–386.
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626:county corporate
570:Lord Lieutenants
557:, was formed in
531:Campbell militia
479:Scottish Militia
383:Somerset Militia
333:(five regiments)
258:(four regiments)
251:Derbyshire Blues
200:
153:Seven Years' War
128:Duke of Monmouth
124:Anglo-Dutch Wars
76:Seven Years' War
70:, passed by the
68:Militia Act 1757
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801:Further reading
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743:Clare Battalion
658:Tyrone Regiment
642:
634:Napoleonic Wars
579:
539:Argyllshire men
481:
474:. London, 1965.
470:Western, J. R.
467:. London, 2014.
463:Knight, Roger.
460:. Oxford, 2003.
453:. London, 1909.
442:Cookson, J. E.
439:
437:Further reading
434:
391:(two regiments)
389:Suffolk Militia
385:(two regiments)
378:Rutland Militia
344:(two regiments)
342:Norfolk Militia
327:(two regiments)
315:(two regiments)
295:(two regiments)
269:(two regiments)
246:Denbigh Militia
194:
181:Napoleonic Wars
144:Norfolk Militia
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120:English Militia
116:lord-lieutenant
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44:British Militia
36:Norfolk Militia
34:Members of the
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630:Protestants
603:Popish Plot
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1021:References
620:passed an
555:Poker Club
110:Background
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1162:August 4,
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995:Fencibles
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