548:
367:
724:(1848–50) to meet a demand for domestic servants. Some settlers greeted them with hostility and some were exploited or abused by employers and others. Although a number eventually died in poverty, others made upwardly mobile marriages, often surviving older husbands to experience long widowhoods. The Catholic Church only became involved in the 1870s, when its relief agencies in England were overwhelmed with Irish immigration. Even so, only about 10% of the resettlements were through Catholic agencies until after World War II. Australian Catholic groups began importing children in the 1920s to increase the Catholic population, and became heavily engaged in placing and educating them after World War II. The practice quietly died out during the 1950s.
946:, for disloyalty. In general, Protestants, armed with the authority of tradition, championed the idea of Australia as an integral part of the Empire; and Catholics, freed from that authority by their Irish origins and their working-class affiliations, looked to the future by placing Australia first and the Empire second. There was no simple correlation between Catholicism, Protestantism and conscription, but the idea of an anti-conscription Catholic-Labor alliance stuck for many years. Immediately after the War, Mannix's outspoken support for the cause of Irish independence caused further division, culminating in his arrest on the high seas by the
733:
925:, the main liberal leader, and free trade, since both represented Protestant, English landholding and wealthy business interests. In the great strike of 1890 Cardinal Moran, the head of the church, was sympathetic toward unions, but Catholic newspapers were critical of organised labour throughout the decade. After 1900, Catholics joined the Labor Party because its stress on equality and social welfare appealed to people who were workers and small farmers. In the 1910 elections Labor gained in areas where the concentration of Catholics was above average, and the number of Catholics in Labor's parliamentary ranks rose.
359:
379:
164:
3404:
589:
565:
2364:
3899:
2378:
1529:
1285:
446:
38:
424:, 2,410,833 residents identified themselves as having Irish ancestry either alone or in combination with another ancestry. This nominated ancestry was third behind English and Australian in terms of the largest number of responses and represents 9.5% of the total population of Australia. However this figure does not include Australians with an Irish background who chose to nominate themselves as 'Australian' or other ancestries. The
1216:
responsible for 24 primary schools, five secondary schools, and two orphanages. In
Australia they carried on the Irish tradition of the Sisters of Mercy and lived a monastic lifestyle. Their sparsely furnished bedrooms were referred to as cells. There was little or no heating. The sisters' spiritual practices reflected the 17th-century school of spirituality.
408:. They came to Australia from the late eighteenth century as convicts and free settlers wanting to immigrate from their homeland. Some of those who were transported to Australia were prisoners of war, many of whom had fought in the 1798 Irish rebellion for independence, whereas others were settlers who struggled to establish their lives during the
757:, an example being private Patrick Geary, who in 1808 acted as court interpreter for Patrick Henchan, a convict accused of theft. An account from 1800 refers to convicts speaking Irish among themselves (this being regarded as evidence of conspiracy), and it was acknowledged in the 1820s that priests could not perform their duties in the colony of
1113:
political, was ecumenical and was subordinate to the wider recognition of
Britain. It is first recorded as celebrated in the colony in 1795. In a series of letters, a P. Cunningham, stated that a St Patrick's Day "jubilee" Ball was being held in Sydney in 1826. The situation changed, however, in the 1830s with the growth of wealthy
1134:, its main model. Three alternative explanations are discussed for its appeal outside Ireland: that it facilitated the assimilation of emigrants, transmitted 'tribal' Irish animosities to fresh contexts, or adapted itself to preexisting sectarian rivalries abroad. These hypotheses are tested using evidence from
658:
chosen immigrants, and the colonial authorities used these schemes to exercise some control over immigration. While these assisted schemes were biased against the poorest elements of society, the very poor could overcome these hurdles in several ways, such as relying on local assistance or help from relatives.
1142:
Protestant immigration. A collective profile of Orange South
Australia is derived from lodge records showing age, religious denomination, and occupation, and the appeal of Orangeism is related to local political and religious contexts. In this case, Orangeism was primarily an export of organisational
1088:, which survives today. The Irish settler in Australia, both voluntary and forced, was crucial to the survival and prosperity of the early colonies both demographically and economically. 300,000 Irish free settlers arrived between 1840 and 1914. By 1871, the Irish were a quarter of all overseas-born.
661:
Most Irish emigrants to
Australia were free settlers. The 1891 census of Australia counted 228,000 Irish-born. At the time the Irish made up about 27 percent of the immigrants from the British Isles. The number of Ireland-born in Australia peaked in 1891. A decade later the number of Ireland-born had
1256:
have been the nation's largest minority throughout most of
Australia's history. Their resistance to the elite Anglocentric establishment has keenly marked the development of sport. Mostly working class, the Irish played sports such as rugby league and Australian Rules football, while the Protestant
1215:
McGrath (1995) demonstrates the success of the
Catholic nuns who arrived in Parramatta, New South Wales, from Ireland in 1888, noting their group's growth from nine newcomers into a flourishing congregation of over two hundred women within sixty years. By the 1950s this group of women religious was
1112:
and traditional separatism that migrated with the Irish to
Australia. The early immigrants to Australia from Ireland were mainly members of penal colonies; assemblies or any such expression of Irish culture were not permitted. St. Patrick's Day at first was the exception, because it was not highly
707:
This argument has been questioned. It has been pointed out that under the new colonial and state administrations, a
European-style surname was required for official records relating to Aboriginal people. The local police (often of Irish stock) collected the relevant census data and allocated their
657:
Other than convicts, most of the laborers who voluntarily emigrated to
Australia in the 19th century were drawn from the poorest sector of British and Irish society. After 1831, the Australian colonies employed a system of government assistance in which all or most immigration costs were paid for
1159:
who was permitted to minister in 1803. Irish
Catholic separateness increased especially in the decades from the 1880s to the 1960s when state aid for church schools was withdrawn and the Church maintained a separate and separately funded school system. The leadership of the Australian Church was
1060:
Walker (2007) compares Irish immigrant communities in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and Great Britain respecting issues of identity and 'Irishness.' Religion remained the major cause of differentiation in all Irish diaspora communities and had the greatest impact on identity,
933:
Irish Catholics comprised a quarter of Australia's population in the early 20th century. They were largely working-class and voted for the Labor Party. The referendum on conscription in 1917, following the Easter Uprising in Dublin, caused an identification between the Irish, Sinn Féin, and the
695:
It has been argued that Irish Australians and Aboriginal people (including those of mixed descent) feel that there is a historical and sentimental link between the two groups. The shared oppression of Aboriginal and Irish people by the British is seen as giving them common historical ground.
1117:
emancipists and the introduction of Irish Catholic priests. These factors gave rise to conflicts and tensions that were to remain constant thereafter as the rise and decline of domestic Irish political movements influenced the Irish population in Australia. With the outbreak of World War I,
1219:
Their relationship to the clergy was one of devotion, dedication, and subordination, thus reflecting the status of women in the larger population. It was societal pressures from without that eventually led to the decline of the Sisters of Mercy as Australia moved into the 1960s. Radical
1626:
1076:(1855–80) achieved the status of a national folk hero; ballads, films and paintings have since 1878 perpetuated the legend. Kelly, who was hanged for murder, is often viewed romantically as the sort of treatment Irish Catholics in Australia could expect. In major cities such as
1455:
In the 2011 Census 1,895 persons were reported as using Irish as a household language, most of them in Sydney and Melbourne. This represents an increase from the figure of 918 in the 2006 Census. There are no official statistics regarding the use of Irish outside the home.
686:
continued to be eligible for this as British citizens. Only during the 1960s did migration from the south of Ireland reduce significantly. By 2002, around one thousand persons born in Ireland – north and south – were migrating permanently to Australia each year.
1257:
majority often preferred cricket, soccer, rugby union and boxing. The tensions and contrasts between these two sporting cultures eventually built the attitudes and beliefs toward games and sports that Australians share today. Many Irish in Australia play
2201:
2888:
The bushrangers in question were named Scanlan and Brown. A third member of the gang, an Englishman named Richard Lemon, was said to have killed Scanlan because he was tired of hearing him and Brown speaking Irish together. Hughes, p.
3725:
412:
and the harsh years in Ireland that followed. They made substantial contributions to Australia's development in many different areas. In the late 19th century, Irish Australians constituted up to a third of the country's population.
1392:
At the 2011 Census, 2,087,800 Australians (10.4% of the total population) declared they had Irish ancestry either alone or in combination with another ancestry; only Australian and English ancestries were more frequently nominated.
1238:
is an online journal directed chiefly at Irish Australians. Its stated aim is to provide serious comment and an independent perspective on a wide range of Australian/Irish topics. It publishes some material in the Irish language.
703:
argued that (in contrast to other colonists) Irish Catholics treated Aboriginal people as equals, as evidenced by their willingness to intermarry, thus giving rise to the Irish surnames prominent among Aboriginal activists.
792:, all of them areas where the language was still strong. Irish continued to be spoken in Australian country districts where the Irish had settled, and there is some evidence of its being transmitted to the next generation.
811:
being established. The 1970s saw a renewal of interest in the language, chiefly among Australians of Irish descent, and there is now a network of Irish speakers in the major cities. The Department of Celtic Studies at the
1061:
followed by the nature and difficulty of socioeconomic conditions faced in each new country and the strength of continued social and political links of Irish immigrants and their descendants with the old country.
901:
Although Catholic Irish were not generally politically powerful, the large number of Irish combined with universal male suffrage made it possible for Irish to sometimes gain office, such as the Victorian premiers
4173:
1245:
is a fortnightly Irish-language newsletter, distributed online in Australia and overseas. It deals with language matters and also contains articles on folklore, literature and current affairs.
5969:
1894:
1126:
The idea of fraternity and how to organise it was one of 19th-century Europe's invisible exports to the New World. Fitzpatrick (2005) explores the international diffusion of the
708:
own names to Aboriginal people for official purposes. In addition, however, many such policemen fathered children to casual or long-term partners from Aboriginal communities.
2653:
2067:, gold prospector whose lucrative discovery on 14 June 1893 set off a major gold rush in the area now known as The Golden Mile, the richest square mile in the world in
4146:
2976:
4533:
3930:
1472:(Fr Patrick Hartigan) celebrated rural Irish Australian Catholic culture in his popular poems of the early twentieth century such as 'The little Irish mother' and '
4299:
4136:
4131:
4116:
4010:
5024:
4932:
4464:
4410:
4277:
4230:
3925:
401:
descent. Irish immigrants and descendants have been a prominent presence in the Australian populace since the First Fleet's arrival in New South Wales in 1788.
4927:
4900:
4875:
4835:
4447:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4348:
4333:
4121:
4086:
4030:
3985:
3950:
3920:
4568:
4548:
4452:
4343:
4284:
4223:
4005:
3970:
3965:
3955:
3915:
1220:
re-evaluations forced a restructuring of the Catholic Church as a whole, and a rethinking of what kinds of service the Church would require in modern times.
5072:
2230:
elected to the House of Representatives, the first Indigenous Australian to serve as a government minister and the first Indigenous Australian appointed to
5986:
5019:
4991:
4966:
4917:
4511:
4484:
4432:
3990:
4937:
4457:
4304:
3613:
Fitzgerald, Garrett, 'Estimates for baronies of minimal level of Irish-speaking amongst successive decennial cohorts, 117–1781 to 1861–1871,' Volume 84,
4971:
4912:
4240:
3674:
3293:
1954:
772:, with a high proportion of Irish speakers. An Irish-speaking priest, Fr Stack, was appointed to minister to Irish miners in the gold-rush locality of
1052:
are illustrative of the drift by some Irish Australians away from Labor and towards the conservative side of politics in the later twentieth century.
4250:
3848:
2319:
that prevented the ongoing slaughter of East Timorese Christians and enabled a democratic referendum and free elections and national independence in
2523:
3425:
3355:
2153:
2088:
1396:
Irish Australian settlement patterns are not significantly different from those of the Australian population as a whole – that is, a third live in
547:
828:
houses a collection of books and manuscripts in Irish often used by scholars. Australians have published fiction, poetry and journalism in Irish.
5867:
2217:
551:
People with Irish ancestry as a percentage of the population in Australia divided geographically by statistical local area, as of the 2011 census
5215:
1415:
The 2001 Australian census recorded that persons reporting some Irish Australian ethnicity accounted for 10.7 per cent of all responses in the
5872:
1866:
366:
6137:
2014:
6360:
5393:
5240:
5178:
3279:
Peter A. Horton, "The 'Green' and the 'Gold': The Irish-Australians and Their Role in the Emergence of the Australian Sports Culture",
934:
anti-conscription section of Labor. Pro-conscription forces exploited this, denouncing outspoken anti-conscription Catholics, such as
5640:
5103:
3791:
3092:
3045:
1974 20(2): 155–163; Alan D. Gilbert, "Protestants, Catholics, and Loyalty: an Aspect of the Conscription Controversies, 1916–17",
1503:
portrays the life of a Catholic Irish Australian family living in a Sydney slum. Other shows relating to Irish Australians include
1037:
825:
3063:
1028:
Conversely, conservative parties contained few Irish Catholics for most of the twentieth century. An exception was Prime Minister
4076:
3263:
2505:
3769:
3144:
1593:
1349:
510:
102:
5914:
5724:
5532:
5446:
2502:"Minister for Foreign Affairs, Dermot Ahern T.D., announces Grants to Irish Community Organisations in the Southern Hemisphere"
3547:
1565:
1321:
482:
74:
5810:
5650:
4071:
3841:
2562:
2092:
1985:, Australian competition swimmer, from 1910 until 1918 she was the world's greatest female swimmer across all distances from
6355:
5926:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5220:
5205:
1033:
871:
6313:
6257:
6152:
5658:
5492:
5406:
2197:
2173:
1822:
1572:
1328:
489:
81:
2577:
2501:
6320:
5451:
5431:
5245:
5225:
3127:
3013:
2316:
1546:
1302:
1189:
463:
55:
3746:
5862:
5763:
5663:
5583:
5517:
5200:
3596:
3073:
1858:
1612:
1368:
624:
529:
121:
3171:
Frank.Crowley,"Colonial Australia: A documentary history of Australia 1", Thomas Nelson Pty Ltd, Melbourne 1980: 356
885:
from the late 1800s to the early 1950s. By this point, however, with all sign languages experiencing the effects of
5590:
5527:
5512:
5309:
5230:
5173:
3834:
2762:
Richards, E (1993). "How did poor people emigrate from the British Isles to Australia in the nineteenth century?".
1821:, 10th Prime Minister of Australia, legislated the creation of the Australian broadcaster that is now known as the
1579:
1335:
1232:(Australia) is a newspaper available in print and online, covering Irish news and other matters of Irish interest.
496:
338:
88:
17:
2272:, known as "Bluey" Gilroy, first Australian-born Roman Catholic cardinal, first cardinal to be knighted since the
6031:
5830:
5820:
5756:
5497:
5471:
5304:
5168:
2628:
2401:
1197:
5068:
3386:
3369:
6117:
6016:
5736:
5714:
5620:
5426:
5386:
1862:
1550:
1306:
855:
837:
612:
were transported to Australia between 1791 and 1867, including at least 325 who had participated in either the
467:
59:
3720:
Richards, Eric. "How did poor people emigrate from the British Isles to Australia in the nineteenth century?"
1561:
1317:
478:
70:
6267:
6184:
6060:
5909:
5902:
5773:
5719:
5522:
5502:
5158:
5041:
2312:
1489:
651:
631:
3304:
2081:, 14th Prime Minister of Australia, WWII Australian war time leader, extended pensions to cover Aboriginals.
1389:. Cities with the largest Irish-born populations were Sydney (12,730), Melbourne (8,950) and Perth (7,060).
6252:
6046:
5783:
5746:
5625:
5615:
5487:
5096:
3439:
3209:, "Women Religious in the History of Australia 1888–1950: a Case Study – the Sisters of Mercy Parramatta",
3059:
1686:
1505:
1416:
1152:
3857:
3477:
3229:
6021:
5979:
5974:
5921:
5668:
5635:
5563:
5255:
5190:
2531:
2281:
737:
3522:
2907:
Noone, p. 12. See also the discussion in Fitzgerald regarding the state of Irish in Ireland at the time.
2735:
6087:
5991:
5845:
5800:
5704:
4976:
4015:
3811:
2058:
2048:
1701:, Irish born Australian rebel and, later, politician who rose to fame for his leading role in the
859:
244:
3574:
2817:
McGrath, Ann (2010). "Shamrock Aborigines: the Irish, the Aboriginal Australians and their children".
1773:, Australian zookeeper, conservationist, television personality, wildlife expert and environmentalist.
6207:
6164:
6112:
6011:
5857:
5825:
5741:
5731:
5699:
5379:
5267:
4323:
4020:
3640:
2476:
1746:
6122:
6107:
5954:
5790:
5751:
5578:
5358:
5235:
4593:
2416:
2396:
1648:
1638:
1493:
deals with both the British rule of Ireland, and the development of New South Wales and Australia.
1408:(compared to only 18 per cent of the general population). Relatively few as a proportion reside in
1265:. Only Irish Australian soccer clubs they have helped to establish in Sydney Eastern Suburbs clubs
1180:
in Brisbane. Many of the Catholic schools were run and staffed by Irish orders of nuns such as the
958:
Irish Australians have been prominent in Australian politics, primarily through the vehicle of the
746:
732:
638:
in the same year also led to an Irish revolt. Both risings were soon crushed. As late as the 1860s
310:
2977:"Australian Irish Sign Language: a minority sign language within a larger sign language community"
2629:"Ireland: Australia is the land of plenty for the biggest wave of Irish emigrants in a generation"
962:(ALP), whose support base was historically dominated by working-class Catholics of Irish descent.
6272:
6147:
6127:
6102:
6082:
5835:
5805:
5630:
5507:
5436:
5354:
5163:
5089:
5029:
5012:
4880:
4740:
4516:
4353:
4218:
4213:
3888:
2193:
1934:
1908:
1904:
1760:
1539:
1295:
1064:
For much of the 19th and the 20th centuries, Irish Australians, particularly but not exclusively
1018:
742:
617:
613:
456:
215:
193:
48:
3821:
2707:
2601:
2590:
966:
was Australia's first Irish, as well as Catholic, Prime Minister in 1929. Labor Prime Ministers
6179:
6157:
6132:
6097:
6077:
6041:
5879:
5850:
5840:
5815:
5778:
5709:
5546:
5441:
5250:
4755:
4730:
4725:
4640:
4558:
4521:
4385:
4161:
4151:
4111:
4045:
3883:
3875:
3670:
2226:, Australian politician of English, Irish, Indian and Indigenous Australian descent, the first
2216:, Australian former Grand Prix motorcycle road racing World Champion, who won five consecutive
2106:
2044:
2023:, journalist, welfare worker, compiled a dictionary of several Australian Aboriginal dialects.
1961:
1879:, former Premier of New South Wales, championed and organised the idea and construction of the
1870:
1726:
1586:
1469:
1342:
1165:
959:
721:
503:
248:
202:
183:
95:
3898:
982:, whose mother was Irish-Australian, was elected Prime Minister of Australia in 2022 as well.
6242:
6174:
6072:
6026:
5889:
5795:
5682:
5568:
5314:
5288:
5141:
4855:
4805:
4745:
4710:
4705:
4650:
4479:
4469:
4442:
4289:
4272:
4257:
4156:
4101:
4091:
4081:
4025:
3995:
3945:
3935:
3816:
2613:
2227:
2189:
2169:
2146:
2142:
2128:
1912:
1756:
1499:
1209:
1161:
1085:
943:
1933:
Chief", rebel leader fighting for religious freedom and Irish independence in and after the
592:
568:
6306:
6277:
6199:
6036:
6006:
5942:
5897:
5610:
5605:
5573:
5558:
5414:
5342:
4981:
4961:
4907:
4865:
4840:
4830:
4765:
4680:
4655:
4630:
4618:
4588:
4580:
4474:
4417:
4358:
4328:
4208:
4168:
4141:
4066:
4061:
4000:
3980:
3960:
3940:
3774:
3751:
3703:
3149:
2456:
2446:
2411:
2406:
2326:
2231:
2165:
2149:
2054:
2020:
1837:, Australian lawyer, Royal Commissioner and social justice activist, who presided over the
1652:
1477:
1420:
1401:
1201:
1156:
1105:
1104:, Protestant or Catholic, and how Australian manifestations of the Irish festival evolved.
1010:
813:
769:
762:
761:
without a knowledge of the language. There is a reference to Irish-speaking bushrangers in
700:
405:
358:
350:
342:
314:
5034:
8:
6227:
6169:
6001:
5964:
5694:
5362:
5051:
4986:
4956:
4947:
4942:
4860:
4845:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4775:
4770:
4735:
4720:
4715:
4690:
4660:
4645:
4635:
4603:
4598:
4499:
4494:
4437:
4363:
4311:
4262:
4235:
4201:
4126:
4096:
4040:
4035:
3907:
3635:
3622:
Emigration and the labouring poor: Australian recruitment in Britain and Ireland, 1831–60
2925:Ó Nuadháin, Val agus Ryan, Colin: 'Nioclás Ó Domhnaill: Laoch na Gaeilge san Astráil' in
2451:
2441:
2302:
1838:
1382:
1101:
1014:
907:
847:
675:
371:
326:
322:
2682:
1412:(7.6 per cent of Irish Australians compared to 9.9 per cent of the general population).
1032:, who began his career in the ALP. The situation changed later especially following the
6329:
6287:
6262:
6247:
6237:
6232:
6222:
6189:
6092:
5996:
5600:
5595:
5056:
5046:
5007:
4922:
4895:
4890:
4870:
4780:
4760:
4750:
4695:
4685:
4670:
4504:
4489:
4427:
4422:
4378:
4368:
4338:
4316:
4196:
4191:
3975:
2787:
2779:
2294:
2068:
1986:
1965:
1880:
1848:
1674:
1656:
1440:
1205:
1193:
1169:
1049:
903:
678:(which came into being in April 1949) were no longer British subjects eligible for the
425:
260:
5073:
Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, 2016
776:. Irish immigration was at its height in the 1860s, the main counties of origin being
6217:
5959:
4885:
4850:
4700:
4675:
4665:
4623:
4563:
4553:
4538:
4526:
4373:
4294:
4267:
4245:
4183:
4106:
3443:
3419:
3349:
3123:
3069:
3028:
Celia Hamilton, "Irish-Catholics of New South Wales and the Labor Party, 1890–1910",
3009:
2791:
2722:
2558:
2431:
2291:
2072:
2038:
1992:
1662:
1436:
1409:
643:
628:
421:
318:
378:
6334:
5768:
5262:
5210:
5131:
4825:
4800:
4543:
3682:
3645:
3551:
2771:
2509:
2383:
2251:
2237:
2136:
1969:
1720:
1702:
1680:
1511:
1386:
1181:
1118:
imperatives imposed by the demands of war overshadowed Australian Irish sentiment.
1041:
979:
915:
781:
741:
cover, 16 March 1889, depicting Irish Australians offering enthusiastic support to
683:
667:
330:
3664:
The Australian People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, its People and their Origins
3006:
The Silent Book: A Deaf Family and the Disappearing Australian-Irish Sign Language
2555:
The Australian people: an encyclopedia of the nation, its people and their origins
893:, AISL has over time become relegated to small friend groups and select families.
753:
The first convicts and soldiers to arrive in Australia included a large number of
5195:
5153:
5146:
5136:
5126:
4951:
3503:
3390:
3233:
2421:
2287:
1844:
1794:
1776:
1444:
1424:
1397:
1262:
1253:
1155:
maintained a strong Irish identity. The first priests were Irish, beginning with
1135:
986:
851:
789:
785:
758:
671:
346:
334:
285:
264:
163:
1381:
At the 2006 Census, 50,255 Australian residents declared they were born in the
1160:
almost entirely Irish from 1883 to 1940, prominent Irish-born bishops including
6212:
5321:
5185:
5112:
3206:
2951:
2436:
2369:
2308:
2263:
2179:
2124:
2102:
2095:
and was prominent in the negotiations that led to the creation of the State of
1998:
1938:
1930:
1886:
1834:
1800:
1788:
1782:
1750:
1668:
1270:
1114:
882:
843:
796:
754:
679:
647:
635:
397:) are residents of Australia who are fully or partially of
390:
306:
152:
6349:
5283:
2269:
2257:
2159:
2132:
2032:
2004:
1926:
1916:
1876:
1828:
1717:, 27th Prime Minister of Australia, first female Prime Minister of Australia.
1714:
1473:
1173:
1109:
994:
963:
935:
870:, though it is also notably unrelated neither to Gaeilge nor to the numerous
808:
621:
432:
states that up to 30% of the population claim some degree of Irish ancestry.
3686:
3629:
Death or Liberty: The Convicts of the Britannia, Ireland to Botany Bay, 1797
674:. This changed after the Second World War, as people migrating from the new
2426:
2348:
2336:
2298:
2207:
2064:
1982:
1975:
1818:
1258:
1127:
1069:
1045:
1029:
1006:
998:
990:
975:
922:
821:
777:
417:
409:
398:
298:
3826:
3649:
3193:
David Fitzpatrick, "Exporting Brotherhood: Orangeism in South Australia",
1825:(ABC) in 1932, the first prime minister to have an Australian-born parent.
670:
in 1922 did not diminish arrivals from Ireland as Irish people were still
575:
The Great Shame and the Triumph of the Irish in the English-Speaking World
6282:
6142:
3867:
2654:"Census of Population and Housing: Cultural diversity data summary, 2021"
2391:
2342:
2273:
2213:
2118:
2112:
2084:
2078:
1854:
1770:
1736:
1708:
1698:
1692:
1177:
1131:
1097:
971:
967:
911:
416:
There is no definitive figure of the total number of Australians with an
302:
281:
276:
3403:
Statistics, c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=Australian Bureau of.
3329:
Statistics, c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=Australian Bureau of.
2844:
Trevor McClaughlin, "Lost Children? Irish Famine Orphans in Australia",
2061:, first surviving non Aboriginal to cross Australia from south to north.
2013:, 26th Prime Minister of Australia, gave the first national government
2001:, Australian-born American businessman, media proprietor, and investor.
2320:
2245:
2241:
2183:
2026:
2010:
1950:
1920:
1806:
1742:
1644:
1553: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1484:
1428:
1405:
1309: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1185:
1022:
1002:
947:
939:
717:
470: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2783:
1857:, 16th Prime Minister of Australia, expanded state welfare, increased
1659:" originally adapted from a poem by Irish Australian poet Dan Sheahan.
5402:
5371:
3693:
3383:
2223:
2051:
with the objective of crossing Australia from the south to the north.
1944:
1764:
1634:
1494:
1084:, Irish social and political associations were formed, including the
1077:
1073:
1065:
817:
800:
232:
2524:"Ancestry Information Operations Unlimited Company – Press Releases"
1528:
1284:
799:
in Ireland at the end of the nineteenth century found a response in
445:
37:
2775:
2290:, Australian novelist, playwright, essayist, and actor. Author of
2280:
hysteria in 1950s and helped ensure that there was no split in the
2277:
1465:
1432:
768:
The gold rushes of the 1850s attracted many Irish to the colony of
663:
609:
236:
3644:(Australian ed.), Melbourne: George Robertson & Company,
5081:
1978:, Australian ASP World Champion surfer and shark attack survivor.
1890:
1847:, Australian former judge, who presided over the anti-corruption
1812:
886:
773:
3041:
D. J. Murphy, "Religion, Race and Conscription in World War I",
1895:
Commission of the Holy See for Religious Relations with the Jews
1655:, first Australian to have a No. 1 international hit song with "
985:
The same was true in the twentieth century at a state level. In
3510:. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.
3226:
2927:
2330:
2096:
1957:
1730:
1139:
1081:
890:
878:
867:
863:
804:
639:
600:
580:
429:
228:
2614:"National Museum of Australia - Irish in Australia background"
2087:, known as Doc Evatt, Australian politician and judge, former
1625:
3822:
https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/mca/files/2016-cis-ireland.PDF
2857:
Barry M. Coldrey, "Child Migration and the Catholic Church",
2708:
https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/mca/files/2016-cis-ireland.PDF
2602:
https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/mca/files/2016-cis-ireland.PDF
2591:
https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/mca/files/2016-cis-ireland.PDF
1108:
became an expression of Irish identity and was emblematic of
240:
5069:
Reflecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011 Census, 2012–2013
3267:
3248:
1907:, Music composer, appointed Acting Head of Trinity College (
1637:, Bushranger, outlaw and cultural icon. Known for wearing a
3770:"Celebrating St Patrick's Day in nineteenth-century Sydney"
3303:. Department of Immigration and Citizenship. Archived from
3294:"The People of Australia – Statistics from the 2006 Census"
3145:"Celebrating St Patrick's Day in nineteenth-century Sydney"
2954:. St Mary's Newman Academic Centre, University of Melbourne
1898:
1001:
were Irish Australian, while Queensland had Labor premiers
720:
were shipped to the Australian colonies at the time of the
3817:
https://www.nma.gov.au/exhibitions/not-just-ned/background
2557:(2 ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 83–85,
1753:. Born in Ireland and emigrated to Australia in the 1980s.
2681:
Trade, corporateName= Department of Foreign Affairs and.
404:
Irish Australians have played a considerable role in the
3331:"Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Government"
3330:
2254:, Australian journalist, radio and television presenter.
3444:"Catholic rural virtue in Australia: ideal and reality"
2578:"5 areas of Australia IRISH PEOPLE move to and live in"
1689:, Australian cricketer, cricket writer and broadcaster.
3669:
3393:. Prompts: 'Location,' 'All other languages,' 'Irish'.
3058:
2057:, Australian explorer, sole survivor of the completed
3451:
Journal of the Australian Catholic Historical Society
1733:, born in Ireland and emigrated to Australia in 1996.
1138:, where Orangeism flourished in the absence of heavy
877:
AISL and the more dominant Australian sign language,
854:
in 1875 with the construction of three schools where
3496:
3180:
Patrick O'Farrell, "St Patrick's Day in Australia",
2359:
1695:, Australian-American singer, actress, and activist.
3732:
Australia's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook
3634:
1995:, Australian musician, singer-songwriter and actor.
1385:and a further 21,291 declared to have been born in
1143:techniques rather than Irish personnel or bigotry.
716:Over four thousand young female orphans from Irish
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3812:The Irish In Australia: The Beat of a Distant Drum
3211:Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society
3182:Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society
3008:. Rangeview, Vic.: Missionary Sisters of Service.
2859:Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society
2750:Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society
1919:, the last traditional ngurungaeta (elder) of the
1518:
1212:were prominent in founding hospitals and schools.
642:prisoners were being transported, particularly to
1915:in the transcription of three songs performed by
1261:and the local gaelic athletic association is the
831:
6347:
3747:"Irish in Sydney from First Fleet to Federation"
2154:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission
2089:President of the United Nations General Assembly
1476:'. They formed the basis of a 1925 silent movie
1096:O'Farrell (1995) demonstrates the importance of
1036:, which led many Catholics out of Labor via the
953:
3715:The Irish in Australia: 1798 to the Present Day
3120:Tell 'em I Died Game: The Legend of Ned Kelly l
3062:; Nolan, Gerald O.; Gilchrist, Michael (2015).
3030:Historical Studies: Australia & New Zealand
2477:"2021 Australia, Census All persons QuickStats"
2297:. The first novel by an Australian to win the
2202:inquiry into human rights abuses in North Korea
2035:, American and Australian actress and producer.
627:. Once in Australia, some were involved in the
3322:
690:
5387:
5097:
3842:
3744:
3281:International Journal of the History of Sport
1867:Australian Security Intelligence Organisation
918:, later a conservative member of parliament.
3767:
3424:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3362:
3354:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3142:
3065:The Real Archbishop Mannix: From the Sources
3043:Australian Journal of Politics & History
2755:
2260:, Australian former international cricketer.
2210:, Australian actor and music video director.
2162:, Australian television and radio presenter.
3856:
2047:, Australian explorer, leader of the 1860
1651:singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer and
1200:worked in hospitals. Irish nuns such as Sr
1146:
950:in 1920 to prevent his landing in Ireland.
144:
5394:
5380:
5104:
5090:
3849:
3835:
3730:Wells, Andrew, and Theresa Martinez, eds.
3068:. Ballarat: Connor Court. pp. 39–71.
2812:
2810:
2311:, retired Australian Army General, former
2240:, Australian folk figure, former Anglican
1897:, promoted positive theological ties with
3710:(New South Wales University Press, 1984.)
2804:T. Jordan-Bychkov, Australia, 2009, p. 44
2015:Apology to Australia's Indigenous peoples
1960:player, first man in the Open Era to win
1613:Learn how and when to remove this message
1369:Learn how and when to remove this message
1188:and Irish orders of brothers such as the
530:Learn how and when to remove this message
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
3566:
3438:
2761:
1947:, Australian Heavyweight Champion boxer.
1624:
881:, were used as the primary languages of
826:Newman College (University of Melbourne)
731:
597:interview with Keneally, January 9, 2000
546:
377:
365:
357:
3264:Irish Language Association of Australia
3087:
3085:
3052:
2999:
2997:
2971:
2969:
2952:"Collections: Irish studies collection"
2816:
2807:
2266:, Australian former rugby union player.
2172:Senator, former TV journalist, Federal
2131:judge, wrote the lead judgement on the
14:
6348:
5401:
3796:Australian Catholic Historical Society
3615:Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy
3402:
3328:
3122:. Melbourne: Hyland House Publishing.
3097:Australian Catholic Historical Society
3003:
2626:
1815:, Irish-Australian comedian and actor.
542:
5375:
5085:
3830:
3717:(3rd ed. Cork University Press, 2001)
2748:Bruce Rosen, "The 'Catalpa' Rescue",
2105:, was the first woman elected to the
2093:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1450:
1423:(469,161 responses), 9.9 per cent in
1419:(42,540 responses), 10.2 per cent in
921:Before 1890, Irish Catholics opposed
4072:Caribbean and West Indian Australian
3572:
3520:
3514:
3382:Special Broadcasting Service (SBS):
3117:
3111:
3082:
2994:
2966:
2552:
1551:adding citations to reliable sources
1522:
1307:adding citations to reliable sources
1278:
1091:
1034:Australian Labor Party split of 1955
872:Australian Aboriginal sign languages
468:adding citations to reliable sources
439:
223:Regions with significant populations
60:adding citations to reliable sources
31:
3262:can be found at the website of the
2508:. 26 September 2007. Archived from
2198:United Nations Human Rights Council
2192:, Australian former Justice of the
2174:Minister for Indigenous Australians
2121:, 18th Prime Minister of Australia.
2115:, 15th Prime Minister of Australia.
1893:of the Catholic Church, headed the
1823:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1068:, were treated with suspicion in a
978:were also of Irish Catholic stock.
24:
6361:Australian people of Irish descent
5111:
3607:
3508:Australian Dictionary of Biography
3384:http://www.sbs.com.au/news/census/
2317:International Force for East Timor
1831:, 13th Prime Minister of Australia
1779:, 20th Prime Minister of Australia
1739:, 25th Prime Minister of Australia
1723:, 31st Prime Minister of Australia
1665:, Australian rock and roll singer.
1459:
1100:to the Irish, whether northern or
765:in the early nineteenth century.
573:interview with Thomas Keneally on
382:Monument to the Irish in Australia
25:
6372:
3738:
3700:(Ballarat Heritage Services 2012)
3597:"Top 100 Irish Australians named"
2680:
1859:Post-war immigration to Australia
1671:, Australian pop and rock singer.
727:
3897:
3521:Snow, Deborah (8 October 2011).
3475:
2642:– via www.theguardian.com.
2627:Rourke, Alison (17 March 2013).
2376:
2362:
1809:, Australian actor and comedian.
1629:Peter Lalor, an Irish Australian
1527:
1283:
1130:, with comparative reference to
587:
563:
444:
162:
36:
3589:
3540:
3469:
3432:
3396:
3376:
3286:
3273:
3253:
3238:
3225:(Australia's Irish Newspaper):
3216:
3200:
3187:
3174:
3165:
3136:
3035:
3022:
2943:
2934:
2919:
2910:
2901:
2892:
2882:
2873:
2864:
2851:
2838:
2829:
2798:
2742:
2700:
2674:
2646:
2481:Australian Bureau of Statistics
2182:, Australia's first Aboriginal
2152:, inaugural chairperson of the
1538:needs additional citations for
1519:Notable people of Irish descent
1439:(171,667), 7.5 per cent in the
1294:needs additional citations for
455:needs additional citations for
47:needs additional citations for
3484:. National Museum of Australia
3405:"Redirect to Census data page"
3004:Wallis, Bernadette T. (2016).
2620:
2606:
2595:
2584:
2570:
2546:
2516:
2494:
2469:
2244:, soldier, public speaker and
1863:Australian National University
1274:
928:
862:, AISL is quite distinct from
856:Australian Irish Sign Language
838:Australian Irish Sign Language
832:Australian Irish Sign Language
168:Australian Irish heritage flag
13:
1:
3550:. Icmi.com.au. Archived from
2462:
2313:Governor-General of Australia
2301:and is the basis of the film
2276:, discouraged anti-communist
1989:sprints to the mile marathon.
1911:) in 1872, collaborated with
1443:(18,325) and 6.7 per cent in
1404:, with 13 per cent living in
954:Irish Australians in politics
906:(1857, 1858–59, 1861–63) and
632:Castle Hill convict rebellion
3792:"Irish Catholic Australians"
3778:. Dictionary of Sydney Trust
3755:. Dictionary of Sydney Trust
3708:Letters from Irish Australia
3227:http://www.irishecho.com.au/
3153:. Dictionary of Sydney Trust
3093:"Irish Catholic Australians"
1937:, former Chief of Police in
1759:, double-time winner of the
1711:, Australian-American actor.
1417:Australian Capital Territory
1153:Catholic Church in Australia
7:
6356:Irish diaspora in Australia
4077:Hispanic and Latin American
3698:Hidden Ireland in Australia
3197:2005 23(2–3): 277–310, 34p.
3195:Immigrants & Minorities
2402:Australia–Ireland relations
2355:
2282:New South Wales Labor Party
1747:Australian Rules Footballer
1431:(433,354), 7.8 per cent in
1427:(622,944), 9.7 per cent in
989:for example Labor premiers
914:was the leader of the 1854
896:
738:Queensland Figaro and Punch
691:Irish and Aboriginal People
10:
6377:
4174:Trinidadian and Tobagonian
3722:Journal of British Studies
3659:. London: Routledge (1987)
3504:"Lalor, Peter (1827–1889)"
3478:"Irish in Australia essay"
2949:The O'Donnell Collection:
2764:Journal of British Studies
2687:www.ireland.embassy.gov.au
2329:, Australian professional
2218:500 cc World Championships
2059:Burke and Wills expedition
2049:Burke and Wills expedition
1841:combating organised crime.
1639:suit of bulletproof armour
1435:(42,552), 7.6 per cent in
835:
711:
435:
362:Irish embassy in Australia
6300:
6198:
6068:
6059:
5950:
5941:
5888:
5764:Intelligence and security
5690:
5681:
5649:
5554:
5545:
5480:
5422:
5413:
5351:
5330:
5297:
5276:
5268:Irish Traveller Americans
5119:
5065:
5000:
4814:
4579:
4182:
4054:
3906:
3895:
3874:
3864:
3527:The Sydney Morning Herald
3268:http://www.gaeilge.org.au
3249:http://www.tintean.org.au
2135:, which gave rise to the
1687:Bill O'Reilly (cricketer)
1248:
1121:
1055:
654:was a memorable episode.
608:An estimated 7,155 Irish
586:
562:
557:
297:
292:
275:
270:
259:
254:
227:
222:
178:
173:
161:
142:
27:Ethnic group in Australia
3866:Ancestral background of
3679:Australia and the Empire
2417:Immigration to Australia
2397:Anglo-Celtic Australians
1653:Australian cultural icon
1649:Australian country music
1223:
1147:Catholic clergy and nuns
1128:Loyal Orange Institution
858:(AISL) was taught. As a
420:background. At the 2021
311:Anglo-Celtic Australians
3889:Torres Strait Islanders
3858:Ancestry of Australians
2683:"Australian Embassy in"
2194:High Court of Australia
2091:, helped to draft the
1935:Irish Rebellion of 1798
1909:University of Melbourne
1905:George William Torrance
1761:Eurovision Song Contest
1168:in Sydney, Archbishops
1072:atmosphere. The outlaw
807:, with branches of the
634:. Continual tension on
614:Irish Rebellion of 1798
374:in Cathedral, Melbourne
370:Statue of Irish leader
6158:Indigenous Australians
5659:States and territories
3884:Aboriginal Australians
3745:Reid, Richard (2012).
3724:32.3 (1993): 250–279.
3675:The Irish in Australia
3671:Arthur Patchett Martin
3641:The Irish in Australia
2107:Parliament of Victoria
1871:Snowy Mountains Scheme
1630:
1400:and a quarter live in
1040:(DLP). The careers of
1038:Democratic Labor Party
960:Australian Labor Party
750:
650:of Irish radicals off
552:
394:
383:
375:
363:
145:
5452:Territorial evolution
3768:Kildea, Jeff (2012).
3232:20 March 2012 at the
3143:Kildea, Jeff (2012).
3118:Seal, Graham (2002).
2861:1993 79(3–4): 199–213
2835:O'Farrell 2001, p. 72
2528:www.ancestryeurope.lu
2228:Indigenous Australian
2190:Michael Kirby (judge)
2170:Indigenous Australian
2147:Aboriginal Australian
2129:Australian High Court
2041:, Australian actress.
2029:, Australian actress.
1913:Alfred William Howitt
1683:, Australian murderer
1628:
1500:The Harp in the South
1487:and historical drama
1210:Mother Vincent Whitty
1086:Melbourne Celtic Club
944:Premier of Queensland
735:
550:
381:
369:
361:
293:Related ethnic groups
216:Australian population
194:Australian population
5898:Cabinet of Australia
5873:Government ministers
5641:World Heritage Sites
5447:European exploration
3775:Dictionary of Sydney
3752:Dictionary of Sydney
3713:O'Farrell, Patrick.
3548:"Speaker Jim Stynes"
3523:"Staying the course"
3389:17 July 2013 at the
3150:Dictionary of Sydney
2819:Aboriginal Australia
2553:Jupp, James (2001),
2457:Irish New Zealanders
2447:Scottish Australians
2412:Europeans in Oceania
2407:European Australians
2166:Malarndirri McCarthy
2150:public administrator
2055:John King (explorer)
2021:Daisy Bates (author)
1953:, Australian former
1677:, Australian author.
1547:improve this article
1478:Around the Boree Log
1303:improve this article
1202:Mary Baptist De Lacy
1011:William Forgan Smith
814:University of Sydney
662:dropped to 184,035.
464:improve this article
406:history of Australia
351:European Australians
343:Irish New Zealanders
315:Scottish Australians
56:improve this article
5970:Gross state product
5363:Flight of the Earls
3868:Australian citizens
3636:James Francis Hogan
3283:2000 17(2–3): 65–92
3213:1995 81(2): 195–212
3032:1958 8(31): 254–267
2940:Noone, pp. 148–163.
2534:on 7 September 2017
2452:Cornish Australians
2442:English Australians
2315:, commander of the
2196:, appointed by the
2045:Robert O'Hara Burke
2007:, Australian actor.
1839:Costigan Commission
1803:, Australian actor.
1797:, Australian actor.
1791:, Australian actor.
1562:"Irish Australians"
1383:Republic of Ireland
1318:"Irish Australians"
1015:Frank Arthur Cooper
908:Charles Gavan Duffy
860:Francosign language
848:Irish Sign Language
844:oral Irish language
676:Republic of Ireland
543:Demographic history
479:"Irish Australians"
327:Cornish Australians
323:English Australians
139:
71:"Irish Australians"
6288:Australian studies
6223:Australian English
6032:Telecommunications
5868:Government leaders
5811:Political ideology
5052:South Sea Islander
3704:O'Farrell, Patrick
2752:1979 65(2): 73–88,
2143:Lowitja O'Donoghue
2069:Kalgoorlie-Boulder
1966:Cincinnati Masters
1881:Sydney Opera House
1869:, established the
1865:, established the
1861:, established the
1849:Fitzgerald Inquiry
1785:, Australian actor
1751:Brownlow Medallist
1675:Colleen McCullough
1657:A Pub with No Beer
1631:
1451:Irish language use
1441:Northern Territory
1206:Mary Gonzaga Barry
1198:Sisters of Charity
1194:Patrician Brothers
1190:Christian Brothers
1050:Padraic McGuinness
816:offers courses in
751:
625:skirmishes in 1848
553:
426:Australian embassy
384:
376:
364:
261:Australian English
218:) (In Combination)
137:
6343:
6342:
6296:
6295:
6118:Human trafficking
6055:
6054:
5937:
5936:
5737:Foreign relations
5677:
5676:
5541:
5540:
5488:Asian Australians
5369:
5368:
5355:Military diaspora
5079:
5078:
5042:Papua New Guinean
3624:(Springer, 1997).
3620:Haines, Robin F.
3599:. 11 August 2009.
3554:on 9 October 2011
3049:1971 6(1): 15–25,
2981:Culture in Crisis
2931:, Bealtaine 2009.
2879:O'Farrell, p. 27.
2848:2000 8(4): 30–34,
2730:Missing or empty
2564:978-0-521-80789-0
2432:Welsh Australians
2292:non-fiction novel
2073:Western Australia
2039:Elizabeth Debicki
1993:Michael Hutchence
1972:in the same year.
1623:
1622:
1615:
1597:
1437:Western Australia
1410:Western Australia
1379:
1378:
1371:
1353:
1176:in Melbourne and
1106:St. Patrick's Day
1092:St. Patrick's Day
936:Archbishop Mannix
763:Van Diemen's Land
701:Patrick O'Farrell
644:Western Australia
618:rebellion of 1803
606:
605:
577:, January 2, 2000
540:
539:
532:
514:
422:Australian census
387:Irish Australians
356:
355:
319:Welsh Australians
138:Irish Australians
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
6368:
6323:
6316:
6309:
6185:Waste management
6066:
6065:
5987:Household income
5948:
5947:
5910:Governor-General
5720:Electoral system
5688:
5687:
5552:
5551:
5420:
5419:
5396:
5389:
5382:
5373:
5372:
5353:Related topics:
5106:
5099:
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3760:
3734:(ABC-CLIO, 2004)
3690:
3655:Hughes, Robert.
3652:
3601:
3600:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3573:Thompson, Dave.
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3315:
3310:on 19 April 2018
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3184:1995 81(1): 1–16
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2543:
2541:
2539:
2530:. Archived from
2520:
2514:
2513:
2512:on 28 July 2013.
2498:
2492:
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2487:
2473:
2386:
2384:Australia portal
2381:
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2379:
2372:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2303:Schindler's List
2252:Geraldine Doogue
2238:Captain Moonlite
2137:Native Title Act
1929:, known as the "
1729:, Former CEO of
1721:Anthony Albanese
1703:Eureka Rebellion
1681:Katherine Knight
1618:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1598:
1596:
1555:
1531:
1523:
1512:Brides of Christ
1490:Against the Wind
1387:Northern Ireland
1374:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1354:
1352:
1311:
1287:
1279:
1182:Sisters of Mercy
1178:Archbishop Duhig
1166:Archbishop Kelly
1042:Gerard Henderson
980:Anthony Albanese
916:Eureka Rebellion
883:Deaf instruction
868:Banzsl languages
745:'s struggle for
684:Northern Ireland
680:assisted passage
672:British subjects
668:Irish Free State
591:
590:
567:
566:
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535:
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372:Daniel O'Connell
331:Manx Australians
174:Total population
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64:
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32:
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18:Irish Australian
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6253:Public holidays
6194:
6138:Life expectancy
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5631:Protected areas
5537:
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5305:Mainland Europe
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3657:The Fatal Shore
3627:Hall, Barbara,
3610:
3608:Further reading
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3440:Franklin, James
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3391:Wayback Machine
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2422:Irish Americans
2382:
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2361:
2358:
2295:Schindler's Ark
2288:Thomas Keneally
1845:Tony Fitzgerald
1795:Chris Hemsworth
1777:William McMahon
1619:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1556:
1554:
1544:
1532:
1521:
1506:The Last Outlaw
1483:The Australian
1462:
1460:Popular culture
1453:
1445:South Australia
1425:New South Wales
1398:New South Wales
1375:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1312:
1310:
1300:
1288:
1277:
1263:Australasia GAA
1254:Irish Catholics
1251:
1226:
1149:
1136:South Australia
1124:
1094:
1058:
987:New South Wales
956:
931:
904:John O'Shanassy
899:
850:) arrived with
840:
834:
759:New South Wales
730:
714:
693:
666:status for the
588:
564:
558:External videos
545:
536:
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395:Gael-Astrálaigh
347:Irish Canadians
335:Irish Americans
286:Presbyterianism
280:
265:Hiberno-English
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146:Gael-Astrálaigh
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5922:Prime Minister
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5880:Shadow Cabinet
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5858:Public Service
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5113:Irish diaspora
5109:
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4977:South Sudanese
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4614:Northern Irish
4611:
4606:
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4300:Fuzhou/Hokchiu
4297:
4287:
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4270:
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4018:
4016:Sierra Leonean
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
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3808:
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3765:
3740:
3739:External links
3737:
3736:
3735:
3728:
3718:
3711:
3701:
3691:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3588:
3575:"Johnny Logan"
3565:
3539:
3513:
3495:
3482:www.nma.gov.au
3468:
3431:
3395:
3375:
3370:"ABS Ancestry"
3361:
3335:www.abs.gov.au
3321:
3301:www.dss.gov.au
3285:
3272:
3252:
3237:
3215:
3207:Sophie McGrath
3199:
3186:
3173:
3164:
3135:
3129:978-1864470475
3128:
3110:
3081:
3074:
3051:
3034:
3021:
3015:978-0646954943
3014:
2993:
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2891:
2881:
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2828:
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2797:
2776:10.1086/386032
2754:
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2699:
2673:
2645:
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2594:
2583:
2580:. 7 July 2022.
2569:
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2437:Irish diaspora
2434:
2429:
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2404:
2399:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2373:
2370:Ireland portal
2357:
2354:
2353:
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2346:
2340:
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2324:
2309:Peter Cosgrove
2306:
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2264:Michael Lynagh
2261:
2255:
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2235:
2221:
2211:
2205:
2187:
2177:
2163:
2157:
2140:
2125:Gerard Brennan
2122:
2116:
2110:
2103:Millie Peacock
2100:
2082:
2076:
2062:
2052:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2008:
2002:
1999:Rupert Murdoch
1996:
1990:
1981:Sarah Frances
1979:
1973:
1962:Canada Masters
1948:
1942:
1939:Liverpool, NSW
1924:
1902:
1887:Edward Cassidy
1884:
1874:
1852:
1842:
1835:Frank Costigan
1832:
1826:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1801:Liam Hemsworth
1798:
1792:
1789:Luke Hemsworth
1786:
1783:Julian McMahon
1780:
1774:
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1754:
1740:
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1724:
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1669:Doug Parkinson
1666:
1663:Johnny O'Keefe
1660:
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1535:
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1520:
1517:
1470:"John O'Brien"
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1162:Cardinal Moran
1157:Fr James Dixon
1148:
1145:
1123:
1120:
1115:Irish Catholic
1093:
1090:
1057:
1054:
955:
952:
930:
927:
898:
895:
852:Dominican Nuns
842:Alongside the
836:Main article:
833:
830:
797:Gaelic revival
755:Irish speakers
729:
728:Irish language
726:
713:
710:
699:The historian
692:
689:
682:. People from
648:Catalpa rescue
636:Norfolk Island
604:
603:
584:
583:
560:
559:
544:
541:
538:
537:
452:
450:
443:
437:
434:
354:
353:
307:Overseas Irish
295:
294:
290:
289:
273:
272:
268:
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257:
256:
252:
251:
225:
224:
220:
219:
182:(by ancestry,
176:
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44:
42:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6373:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6327:
6322:
6318:
6315:
6311:
6308:
6304:
6303:
6299:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6205:
6203:
6201:
6197:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6153:Ethnic groups
6151:
6149:
6146:
6145:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6058:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5992:Manufacturing
5990:
5988:
5985:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5952:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5940:
5928:
5925:
5924:
5923:
5920:
5916:
5913:
5912:
5911:
5908:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5899:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5891:
5887:
5881:
5878:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5846:Republicanism
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5813:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5801:National debt
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5771:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5712:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5692:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5680:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5654:
5652:
5648:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5544:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5479:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5397:
5392:
5390:
5385:
5383:
5378:
5377:
5374:
5364:
5360:
5356:
5350:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5329:
5323:
5320:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5311:
5310:Great Britain
5308:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5296:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5275:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5198:
5197:
5196:United States
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5155:
5152:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5107:
5102:
5100:
5095:
5093:
5088:
5087:
5084:
5074:
5070:
5067:according to
5064:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5031:
5030:New Zealander
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5003:
4999:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4813:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4578:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4324:East Timorese
4322:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4021:South African
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3900:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3863:
3859:
3852:
3847:
3845:
3840:
3838:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:Documentary:
3809:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3754:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3742:
3733:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3716:
3712:
3709:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3662:Jupp, James.
3661:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3611:
3598:
3592:
3576:
3569:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3528:
3524:
3517:
3509:
3505:
3499:
3483:
3479:
3472:
3456:
3452:
3445:
3441:
3435:
3427:
3421:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3379:
3371:
3365:
3357:
3351:
3336:
3332:
3325:
3306:
3302:
3295:
3289:
3282:
3276:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3256:
3250:
3246:
3241:
3235:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3219:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3196:
3190:
3183:
3177:
3168:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3139:
3131:
3125:
3121:
3114:
3098:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3077:
3075:9781925138344
3071:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3055:
3048:
3044:
3038:
3031:
3025:
3017:
3011:
3007:
3000:
2998:
2982:
2978:
2972:
2970:
2953:
2946:
2937:
2930:
2929:
2922:
2916:Noone, p. 44.
2913:
2904:
2895:
2885:
2876:
2870:Hall, p. 238.
2867:
2860:
2854:
2847:
2841:
2832:
2825:. ANU: 55–84.
2824:
2820:
2813:
2811:
2801:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2770:(3): 250–79.
2769:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2745:
2737:
2724:
2709:
2703:
2688:
2684:
2677:
2662:
2655:
2649:
2634:
2630:
2623:
2615:
2609:
2603:
2598:
2592:
2587:
2579:
2573:
2566:
2560:
2556:
2549:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2468:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2374:
2371:
2360:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2270:Norman Gilroy
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2258:Glenn McGrath
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2160:Melissa Doyle
2158:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2133:Mabo decision
2130:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2033:Nicole Kidman
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2005:Geoffrey Rush
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1927:Michael Dwyer
1925:
1922:
1918:
1917:William Barak
1914:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1889:, Australian
1888:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1877:Joseph Cahill
1875:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1829:Arthur Fadden
1827:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1715:Julia Gillard
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1617:
1614:
1606:
1603:February 2023
1595:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1564: –
1563:
1559:
1558:Find sources:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1536:This section
1534:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1497:'s 1948 book
1496:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1474:Said Hanrahan
1471:
1467:
1457:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1373:
1370:
1362:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1320: –
1319:
1315:
1314:Find sources:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1292:This section
1290:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1231:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1119:
1116:
1111:
1110:Irish culture
1107:
1103:
1099:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
995:Joseph Cahill
992:
988:
983:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
964:James Scullin
961:
951:
949:
945:
941:
937:
926:
924:
919:
917:
913:
909:
905:
894:
892:
888:
884:
880:
875:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
839:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
810:
809:Gaelic League
806:
802:
798:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
766:
764:
760:
756:
748:
744:
740:
739:
734:
725:
723:
719:
709:
705:
702:
697:
688:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
659:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
630:
626:
623:
622:Young Ireland
619:
615:
611:
602:
598:
596:
585:
582:
578:
576:
572:
561:
556:
549:
534:
531:
523:
512:
509:
505:
502:
498:
495:
491:
488:
484:
481: –
480:
476:
475:Find sources:
469:
465:
459:
458:
453:This section
451:
447:
442:
441:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
414:
411:
407:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
380:
373:
368:
360:
352:
348:
344:
340:
339:Irish Britons
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
291:
287:
283:
278:
274:
269:
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258:
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191:
185:
181:
177:
172:
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154:
147:
141:
126:
123:
115:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73: –
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
6321:Bibliography
6208:Architecture
6165:Prostitution
6148:Demographics
6113:Homelessness
6012:Reserve Bank
5826:Conservatism
5774:Constitution
5742:Human rights
5700:Constitution
5651:Subdivisions
5432:Bibliography
5337:
5251:Scotch-Irish
5241:Philadelphia
5221:Indianapolis
5142:Newfoundland
4819:North Africa
4613:
4608:
4594:Anglo-Celtic
4147:Puerto Rican
3800:. Retrieved
3795:
3780:. Retrieved
3773:
3757:. Retrieved
3750:
3731:
3721:
3714:
3707:
3697:
3678:
3663:
3656:
3639:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3591:
3579:. Retrieved
3568:
3556:. Retrieved
3552:the original
3542:
3530:. Retrieved
3526:
3516:
3507:
3498:
3486:. Retrieved
3481:
3471:
3459:. Retrieved
3454:
3450:
3434:
3408:. Retrieved
3398:
3378:
3364:
3338:. Retrieved
3334:
3324:
3312:. Retrieved
3305:the original
3300:
3288:
3280:
3275:
3259:
3255:
3244:
3240:
3222:
3218:
3210:
3202:
3194:
3189:
3181:
3176:
3167:
3155:. Retrieved
3148:
3138:
3119:
3113:
3101:. Retrieved
3096:
3064:
3054:
3046:
3042:
3037:
3029:
3024:
3005:
2984:. Retrieved
2980:
2956:. Retrieved
2945:
2936:
2926:
2921:
2912:
2903:
2898:Noone, p.41.
2894:
2884:
2875:
2866:
2858:
2853:
2845:
2840:
2831:
2822:
2818:
2800:
2767:
2763:
2757:
2749:
2744:
2732:|title=
2713:16 September
2711:. Retrieved
2702:
2690:. Retrieved
2686:
2676:
2664:. Retrieved
2660:
2648:
2636:. Retrieved
2633:The Guardian
2632:
2622:
2608:
2597:
2586:
2572:
2554:
2548:
2536:. Retrieved
2532:the original
2527:
2518:
2510:the original
2496:
2484:. Retrieved
2480:
2471:
2427:Irish people
2349:Sidney Nolan
2345:, politician
2337:Damien Leith
2299:Booker Prize
2208:Heath Ledger
2065:Paddy Hannan
1983:Fanny Durack
1976:Mick Fanning
1923:-willam clan
1819:Joseph Lyons
1757:Johnny Logan
1609:
1600:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1557:
1545:Please help
1540:verification
1537:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1488:
1482:
1463:
1454:
1414:
1395:
1391:
1380:
1365:
1356:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1313:
1301:Please help
1296:verification
1293:
1266:
1259:gaelic games
1252:
1242:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1218:
1214:
1150:
1125:
1095:
1063:
1059:
1046:Frank Devine
1030:Joseph Lyons
1027:
1007:Ted Theodore
999:Jack Renshaw
991:James McGirr
984:
976:Paul Keating
957:
932:
923:Henry Parkes
920:
900:
876:
841:
822:Modern Irish
794:
767:
752:
736:
722:Great Famine
715:
706:
698:
694:
660:
656:
646:, where the
607:
594:
593:Part Two of
574:
570:
569:Part One of
526:
517:
507:
500:
493:
486:
474:
462:Please help
457:verification
454:
415:
410:Irish famine
403:
386:
385:
299:Irish people
211:
207:
198:
189:
179:
134:Ethnic group
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
6283:Anglosphere
6123:Immigration
6088:Citizenship
5955:Agriculture
5841:Nationalism
5784:Enforcement
5757:Transgender
5591:Earthquakes
5579:Environment
5513:Immigration
5442:Archaeology
5343:New Zealand
5216:Holyoke, MA
5179:Saint Kitts
5174:Puerto Rico
5013:Indo-Fijian
4881:Palestinian
4815:Middle East
4741:Montenegrin
4517:Singaporean
4354:Indo-Fijian
4219:Bangladeshi
4214:Azerbaijani
3931:Cameroonian
3681:: 135–156.
3631:(Hall 2006)
3488:10 December
3314:10 December
2986:24 December
2392:Australians
2343:Ben Chifley
2327:Shane Lowry
2274:Reformation
2214:Mick Doohan
2200:to lead an
2180:Pat O'Shane
2119:John McEwen
2113:Frank Forde
2085:H. V. Evatt
2079:John Curtin
1955:world No. 1
1855:Ben Chifley
1771:Steve Irwin
1737:John Howard
1709:Errol Flynn
1699:Peter Lalor
1693:Helen Reddy
1447:(119,063).
1275:Present day
1132:Freemasonry
1098:St. Patrick
972:Ben Chifley
968:John Curtin
929:World War I
912:Peter Lalor
910:(1871–72).
303:Australians
282:Anglicanism
279:(majority),
277:Catholicism
201:(by birth,
6350:Categories
6273:Television
6243:Literature
6128:Irreligion
6108:Healthcare
6103:Euthanasia
6083:Censorship
5890:Government
5836:Liberalism
5806:Parliament
5518:Indigenous
5508:Federation
5498:Diplomatic
5472:Since 1945
5437:Prehistory
5359:Wild Geese
5226:Louisville
5169:Montserrat
5025:Ni-Vanuatu
4756:Portuguese
4731:Macedonian
4726:Lithuanian
4641:Belarusian
4559:Vietnamese
4522:Sri Lankan
4386:Indonesian
4162:Venezuelan
4152:Salvadoran
4137:Paraguayan
4132:Panamanian
4117:Guatemalan
4112:Ecuadorian
4046:Zimbabwean
4011:Senegalese
3876:Indigenous
3694:Noone, Val
3687:Q107340724
3577:. allmusic
3410:11 October
3340:11 October
3223:Irish Echo
2692:11 October
2661:Abs.gov.au
2638:11 October
2538:11 October
2463:References
2321:East Timor
2246:bushranger
2242:lay reader
2184:magistrate
2027:Rose Byrne
2011:Kevin Rudd
1951:Pat Rafter
1921:Wurundjeri
1807:Paul Hogan
1763:, born in
1743:Jim Stynes
1727:Alan Joyce
1645:Slim Dusty
1573:newspapers
1485:miniseries
1429:Queensland
1406:Queensland
1329:newspapers
1267:Phoenix FC
1230:Irish Echo
1186:Brigidines
1102:republican
1023:Vince Gair
1019:Ned Hanlon
1003:T. J. Ryan
948:Royal Navy
940:T. J. Ryan
866:and other
846:, ISL (or
718:workhouses
652:Rockingham
490:newspapers
288:(minority)
249:Gold Coast
82:newspapers
6180:Squatting
6133:Languages
6098:Education
6078:Aged care
6042:Transport
5851:Socialism
5831:Far-right
5821:Christian
5816:Anarchism
5779:Judiciary
5715:Donations
5710:Elections
5621:Mountains
5569:Continent
5547:Geography
5467:1901–1945
5462:1851–1900
5457:1788–1850
5403:Australia
5338:Australia
5201:Baltimore
5154:Caribbean
5127:Argentina
4856:Jordanian
4806:Ukrainian
4746:Norwegian
4711:Icelandic
4706:Hungarian
4651:Bulgarian
4480:Pakistani
4470:Mongolian
4465:Maldivian
4443:Malaysian
4411:Sundanese
4290:Taiwanese
4278:Cantonese
4273:Hong Kong
4258:Cambodian
4231:Bhutanese
4157:Uruguayan
4102:Colombian
4092:Brazilian
4082:Argentine
4026:Tanzanian
3996:Mauritian
3946:Ethiopian
3936:Congolese
3926:Burundian
3782:5 October
3759:4 October
3673:(1889). "
3650:Q19090948
3532:8 October
3260:An Lúibín
2792:162223882
2224:Ken Wyatt
1987:freestyle
1945:Les Darcy
1765:Melbourne
1635:Ned Kelly
1495:Ruth Park
1243:An Lúibín
1078:Melbourne
1074:Ned Kelly
1070:sectarian
1066:Catholics
818:Old Irish
801:Melbourne
782:Tipperary
747:Home Rule
595:Booknotes
571:Booknotes
255:Languages
233:Melbourne
208:7,000,000
180:2,410,833
112:July 2024
6330:Category
6175:Religion
6073:Abortion
6027:Taxation
5796:Monarchy
5791:Military
5747:Intersex
5683:Politics
5664:Capitals
5528:Monarchy
5523:Military
5503:Economic
5481:By topic
5427:Timeline
5407:articles
5315:Scotland
5256:Syracuse
5246:St. Paul
5231:New York
5159:Barbados
5120:Americas
4982:Sudanese
4962:Mandaean
4928:Chaldean
4908:Assyrian
4901:Tunisian
4876:Moroccan
4866:Lebanese
4841:Egyptian
4836:Bahraini
4831:Algerian
4766:Romanian
4681:Estonian
4656:Croatian
4631:Austrian
4619:Scottish
4589:Albanian
4448:Bruneian
4418:Japanese
4406:Madurese
4401:Javanese
4396:Balinese
4391:Acehnese
4359:Malayali
4349:Gujarati
4334:Georgian
4329:Filipino
4209:Armenian
4169:Jamaican
4142:Peruvian
4122:Honduran
4087:Bolivian
4067:Canadian
4062:American
4055:Americas
4031:Togolese
4001:Nigerian
3986:Malawian
3981:Liberian
3961:Ghanaian
3951:Gabonese
3941:Eritrean
3921:Beninese
3683:Wikidata
3646:Wikidata
3638:(1888),
3558:20 March
3442:(2019).
3420:cite web
3387:Archived
3350:cite web
3230:Archived
3047:Politics
2958:14 April
2723:cite web
2356:See also
2351:, artist
2339:, singer
2278:Cold War
2017:in 2008.
1968:and the
1466:Riverina
1433:Tasmania
1421:Victoria
1402:Victoria
1359:May 2024
897:Politics
790:Kilkenny
786:Limerick
770:Victoria
664:Dominion
610:convicts
520:May 2024
271:Religion
237:Brisbane
6307:Outline
6278:Theatre
6268:Symbols
6233:Cuisine
6200:Culture
6061:Society
6037:Tourism
6007:Poverty
5943:Economy
5725:Parties
5626:Regions
5616:Islands
5611:Geology
5606:Forests
5574:Deserts
5559:Climate
5533:Railway
5415:History
5331:Oceania
5263:Uruguay
5211:Chicago
5164:Jamaica
5001:Oceania
4987:Turkish
4957:Kurdish
4948:Israeli
4943:Iranian
4861:Kuwaiti
4846:Emirati
4796:Swedish
4791:Spanish
4786:Slovene
4776:Serbian
4771:Russian
4736:Maltese
4721:Latvian
4716:Italian
4691:Finnish
4661:Cypriot
4646:Bosnian
4636:Belgian
4604:English
4599:Cornish
4549:Turkmen
4500:Punjabi
4495:Pashtun
4453:Kadazan
4438:Laotian
4364:Punjabi
4344:Bengali
4312:Tibetan
4263:Chinese
4236:Burmese
4224:Bengali
4202:Pashtun
4127:Mexican
4097:Chilean
4041:Zambian
4036:Ugandan
4006:Rwandan
3971:Ivorian
3966:Guinean
3956:Gambian
3916:Angolan
3802:30 June
3461:29 June
3457:: 39–61
3372:. 2012.
3245:Tinteán
3103:30 June
2666:28 July
2486:27 July
2333:player.
2232:cabinet
1970:US Open
1931:Wicklow
1891:prelate
1813:Jimeoin
1587:scholar
1468:priest
1343:scholar
1236:Tinteán
887:oralism
774:Bendigo
743:Parnell
712:Orphans
620:or the
504:scholar
436:History
245:Bunbury
214:of the
192:of the
96:scholar
6335:Portal
6228:Cinema
6170:Racism
6143:People
6002:Mining
5965:Energy
5960:Dollar
5705:Courts
5695:Asylum
5669:Cities
5636:Rivers
5584:issues
5405:
5322:Russia
5298:Europe
5206:Boston
5191:Mexico
5147:Quebec
5137:Canada
5132:Brazil
5057:Tongan
5047:Samoan
5020:Niuean
5008:Fijian
4992:Yezidi
4967:Nubian
4952:Jewish
4933:Darfur
4923:Coptic
4918:Berber
4896:Syrian
4891:Somali
4871:Libyan
4781:Slovak
4761:Romani
4751:Polish
4696:German
4686:French
4671:Danish
4581:Europe
4512:Pathan
4505:Sindhi
4490:Hazara
4485:Baloch
4475:Nepali
4433:Kyrgyz
4428:Korean
4423:Kazakh
4379:Telugu
4369:Sindhi
4339:Indian
4317:Uyghur
4197:Hazara
4192:Afghan
3991:Malian
3976:Kenyan
3908:Africa
3798:. 2020
3726:online
3685:
3666:(2002)
3648:
3581:16 May
3157:5 June
3126:
3099:. 2020
3072:
3012:
2928:Feasta
2790:
2784:176082
2782:
2657:(XLSX)
2561:
2331:soccer
2097:Israel
1958:tennis
1731:Qantas
1589:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1560:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1316:
1249:Sports
1196:. The
1174:Mannix
1140:Ulster
1122:Orange
1082:Sydney
1056:Status
1021:, and
942:, the
938:, and
891:audism
879:Auslan
864:Auslan
824:, and
805:Sydney
640:Fenian
616:, the
601:C-SPAN
581:C-SPAN
506:
499:
492:
485:
477:
430:Dublin
229:Sydney
199:80,927
149:
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
6314:Index
6263:Sport
6258:Radio
6248:Music
6238:Dance
6190:Women
6093:Crime
5997:Media
5863:Women
5601:Fauna
5596:Flora
5289:Japan
5284:India
5236:Omaha
5186:Chile
5035:Māori
4938:Dinka
4886:Saudi
4851:Iraqi
4801:Swiss
4701:Greek
4676:Dutch
4666:Czech
4624:Welsh
4609:Irish
4564:Hmong
4554:Uzbek
4539:Tatar
4534:Tajik
4527:Tamil
4458:Temoq
4374:Tamil
4305:Hoklo
4295:Hakka
4268:Hmong
4246:Karen
4107:Cuban
3447:(PDF)
3308:(PDF)
3297:(PDF)
2788:S2CID
2780:JSTOR
1594:JSTOR
1580:books
1350:JSTOR
1336:books
1224:Media
778:Clare
511:JSTOR
497:books
418:Irish
399:Irish
391:Irish
241:Perth
153:Irish
103:JSTOR
89:books
6218:Arts
5927:list
5915:list
5903:list
5752:LGBT
5277:Asia
5071:and
4972:Nuer
4913:Bari
4826:Arab
4569:Mien
4544:Thai
4285:Mien
4241:Chin
4184:Asia
3804:2021
3784:2015
3761:2015
3617:1984
3583:2020
3560:2012
3534:2011
3490:2018
3463:2021
3426:link
3412:2017
3356:link
3342:2017
3316:2018
3159:2021
3124:ISBN
3105:2021
3070:ISBN
3010:ISBN
2988:2022
2960:2017
2889:227.
2736:help
2715:2024
2694:2017
2668:2022
2640:2017
2559:ISBN
2540:2017
2488:2022
1899:Jews
1749:and
1566:news
1509:and
1464:The
1322:news
1228:The
1208:and
1192:and
1184:and
1172:and
1170:Carr
1164:and
1151:The
1080:and
1048:and
997:and
974:and
889:and
820:and
803:and
795:The
788:and
629:1804
483:news
203:2021
190:9.5%
184:2021
75:news
6213:Art
5769:Law
4817:and
4251:Mon
3677:".
2772:doi
2506:DFA
2071:in
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1305:by
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508:·
501:·
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