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478:, which prepared potential music teachers and choirmasters for their work. Nevertheless, he possessed a sound vocal technique; a contemporary description refers to "an exceptionally strong baritone", while a newspaper review of the times wrote that "he expresses the gospel message with exquisite skill and pathos ... but the secret of Mr. Sankey's power lies not in his gift of the song but in the spirit of which the song is only the expression". According to Sankey: "Before I sing, I must feel, and the hymn must be of such kind as I know I can send home what I feel into the hearts of those who listen". His technique for communicating this feeling involved the clearest possible enunciation, with careful use of pauses for dramatic effect: "You've got to make them hear every word and see every picture ... Then you'll get that silence of death, that quiet before God".
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529:, invoked "that well-known principle of denying the devil all the best tunes". His compositional method was heavily dependent upon what he termed "inspiration"; he carried a notebook in which he would jot down snatches of melody that came to him during the day's activities, and would develop them later when time allowed. Sometimes he would improvise a melody; one of his best-known hymns, "The Ninety and Nine", was composed in this way. He found Elizabeth Clephane's poem in a newspaper while traveling on a train in Scotland during the first British tour. At the meeting that evening, when Moody requested that he sing, "I had nothing suitable in mind ... At this moment I seemed to hear a voice saying "Sing the hymn you found on the train":
492:, in his social history of the Victorian era, quotes a contemporary pamphlet from an anonymous "London Physician" which is dismissive of both Moody and Sankey. Having characterized Moody as a ranter and "a third-rate star", the writer goes on: "As for Mr. Sankey ... his voice is decidedly bad, and, like all worn-out singers he endeavors to conceal this by startling alternations of high and low notes". Against this judgment is that of a newspaper published towards the end of the first British tour: "Music in his hands is ... the handmaid of the gospel and the voice of the heart."
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270:". Meeting Sankey at the end of the session, Moody demanded that the young man join him in his mission work: "I have been looking for you for the last eight years". Unable to decide on the spur of the moment, Sankey returned to New Castle and pondered Moody's challenge for six months before deciding to return to Chicago for a week's trial with Moody. Before the week was up he resigned his government post and threw in his lot with Moody's mission, thus beginning their lifelong partnership.
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240:'s call for volunteers and joined the Twelfth Pennsylvania Regiment. He served between 1861 and 1863. In the army he continued his religious and singing activities, forming a choir and assisting the chaplain. When his period of enlistment was over he returned to New Castle, where his father had been appointed by Lincoln as a Collector of Internal Revenue. In 1863 Sankey joined his father in government service and, that same year, married Fanny Edwards, a member of his choir.
429:, which was published in 1906. Sankey died at Brooklyn on August 13, 1908, just short of his 68th birthday. His funeral took place at the LaFayette Avenue Presbyterian Church, which he had joined in his final years, and he was buried in Brooklyn's Greenwood Cemetery. At Fanny Sankey's request a memorial window, depicting "The Ninety and Nine", was placed in New Castle's First Methodist Church; the window was retained when the church was rebuilt in the 1990s.
314:. Neither was available, so Sankey was taken. The tour got off to a slow start; barely 50 people attended the first rally, held in York, and this congregation was unused to the kind of gospel songs – "human hymns" – that Sankey introduced. Gradually, however, the British public was won over, halls were filled, and Sankey's "singing the gospel" became a popular feature of the services. To familiarise the congregations with the words of new hymns by Bliss,
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485:. An important part of the song ministry was the congregational singing, always a significant feature of campaign meetings. Sankey chose hymns with accessible tunes that were easy to learn and insisted that the accompanying music be played softly, to emphasize the message of the words. Sankey's methods had a marked effect on church music and were widely adopted by later generations of revivalist singers.
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which Sankey was a principal figure. Although new musical idioms developed in the later 20th century and subsequently, Sankey's influence persists, particularly in southern evangelical churches, well into the 21st century. The revivalist model that Moody and Sankey introduced established a paradigm for the conduct of rallies and services in evangelical churches for generations.
551:, consisting of 131 numbers. Over the next 15 years, working with various associates, he produced five supplements to this work, and a complete edition of all six parts in 1894, this last containing 794 numbers. These collections, which included the hymns of Bliss, Crosby and many other writers, were very successful commercially. In 1895 Sankey assumed the presidency of
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From the sales of his various hymn collections, which totaled over 50 million copies, Sankey acquired a considerable fortune, much of which he used for benefactions. These included a new YMCA building in New Castle, a building plot for the erection of a new
Methodist Episcopal Church there, and large
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in a series of religious revival campaigns in
America and Britain during the closing decades of the 19th century. Sankey was a pioneer in the introduction of a musical style that influenced church services and evangelical campaigns for generations, and the hymns that he wrote or popularized continued
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The campaign made a second visit to
Britain in 1881. The schedule was similar to that which had been followed on the first British tour, involving mass rallies in a large number of cities. This time, the pair's popularity and renown assured them of full houses wherever they went. One innovation was
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The centenary of Sankey's birth was celebrated in New Castle in 1940. Choirs from over 30 churches participated, and Sankey's portable organ was used as accompaniment. The 150th anniversary of his birth in 1990 was also marked in New Castle, where massed choirs performed a retrospective of Sankey's
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I lifted my heart in prayer, asking God to help me so to sing so that the people might hear and understand. Laying my hands upon the organ I struck the chord of A flat and began to sing. Note by note the tune was given, which has not changed from that day to this. As the singing ceased a great sigh
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guard. The following year, after Moody's death, he embarked on his final visit to
Britain and addressed a meeting of 20,000 in London, but as the tour progressed his health failed him and he returned to his home in Brooklyn. He continued to do editorial work, but by 1903 he had lost his eyesight to
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Sankey's career as a gospel singer contradicts the commonly held assumption that gospel music originated within the black communities in the southern states. Rather, as Mel R. Wilhoit points out, its source is found "in the context of
Northern, urban, white revivalism of the nineteenth century" in
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In Sankey's view, he and Moody were both preachers; the only difference, he said, was that " reaches men's hearts with words that are spoken, while I reach them with words that are sung." Sankey lacked formal voice training; the only tuition that he received was likely during his attendance at a
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Sankey, born in
Pennsylvania, was an amateur singer and church worker when he was recruited by Moody in 1870 after the latter heard him sing at a convention. Until Moody died in 1899 the two campaigned together, Moody preaching while Sankey sang both old and new hymns, inspired by writers such as
376:. Once more the strain on Sankey's voice was too great, causing his temporary withdrawal. But despite ill health he continued to work with Moody, at a lower degree of intensity, until the time of the latter's death in December 1899. Their final campaign together was in
352:, revival meetings were held during the following years in towns and cities the length and breadth of the United States, with excursions over the borders into Canada and Mexico. Meetings in the southern states were subject to racial segregation. Concerning a meeting in
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the construction of a portable tabernacle, capable of seating up to 5,000 people, which was transported from city to city. Towards the end of the tour Sankey's voice broke down and he was forced to return to the United States, where he and his family bought a house in
369:, New York. For the next few years, he spent his winters there and the summers with Moody, either in Northfield or on campaigns. A third British tour took place in 1891, involving meetings in 99 towns. Again, Sankey overstrained himself and had to return home early.
289:. The fire destroyed Moody's church, and Sankey returned temporarily to New Castle. However, he soon received a message from Moody asking him to come back to Chicago and resume the partnership. He did so and worked with Moody in the revival of churches in Chicago,
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Moody and Sankey returned home in the summer of 1875, to considerable acclaim after their successful
British tour, and quickly established themselves as the leading revivalists of their times. Beginning with a rally in Moody's hometown of
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Sankey began to compose hymn tunes during the first Moody-Sankey tour of
Britain in 1873–1875. On a few occasions he wrote his own words, but more commonly he used verses provided by well-known hymn writers. The "1200" version of
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Moody made plans to visit the
British Isles in 1873 for a series of missions. He did not initially intend to take Sankey as his musical associate, preferring the services of the more experienced gospel singers Philip Phillips or
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Sankey's settings are eminently recognizable, characteristic features being simple melodies combined with strong and vigorous rhythms that reflected the popular music of the time, and which according to the
British poet
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lay preacher. As a young boy Ira displayed a love of music that was encouraged by his parents, who typically spent evenings with him at home, singing hymns. At the age of eight, he began attending Sunday school.
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After Moody's death, Sankey attempted to carry on the work alone but was defeated by ill-health and the eventual loss of his eyesight. He died in 1908. He was inducted into the Gospel Music Hall of Fame in 1980.
332:'s hymn "Yet There is Room". The tour extended over two years, with meetings in most of the main British cities. When it reached London, congregations included many of the most prominent in the land, including
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for the first time. Moody was instantly impressed as Sankey demonstrated his ability to enliven an audience rendered soporific by inactivity and overlong prayers by giving an impromptu rendering of the hymn
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Sankey had been a lifelong Methodist. His transfer to the Presbyterians was not due to any dispute with his former church, but because his poor health meant that he had to attend a church near his home.
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and his wife Mary Leeper Sankey. The family's ancestry was English on the father's side and a mix of Scottish and Irish on the mother's. David Sankey was a banker, a former state senator and a
285:, which destroyed 18,000 buildings, killed around 300 people, and left a third of the city's population homeless. Sankey watched the conflagration from a small boat in which he rowed out into
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and many others. These hymns include "The Ninety and Nine", "Beneath the Cross of Jesus", "Hiding in Thee", "A Shelter in the Time of Storm" and "While the days are going by".
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When he was 19, Ira underwent an experience of religious conversion at a revivalist meeting held at a nearby church, King's Chapel. A year later the family moved to
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According to Betty Steele Everett's biography, Sankey had earlier composed a chorus to J.H. Stockton's hymn "Only Trust Him", while on the sea trip to Britain.
380:, a month before Moody's death. As a tribute to his long-time partner, Sankey wrote and composed the hymn "Out of the Shadowlands" for Moody's funeral.
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Back in New Castle, Sankey developed a local reputation as a singer, much in demand in churches and revival meetings. In 1867, when a local branch of
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prompted Sankey to make a similar venture in the United States. In 1876, in collaboration with Bliss, he published a gospel song collection
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was formed, Sankey became its secretary and later its president. As president, in 1870 he was a delegate at a national conference held in
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356:, Sankey noted: "we have one side of the for blacks. D.L. has them sing alone, sometimes just to show the white people how to sing".
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936:(This feature, by Mel R. Wilhoit, first appeared in Rejoice magazine, published by the University of Mississippi, USA)
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161:(August 28, 1840 – August 13, 1908) was an American gospel singer and composer, known for his long association with
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Within the Moody–Sankey mission, Moody preached and Sankey sang. Late in 1871, mission work was interrupted by the
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seemed to go up from the meeting, and I knew that my song had reached the hearts of my Scottish audience.
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includes nearly 200 of Sankey's settings of hymns by writers such as Horatius Bonar, Fanny Crosby,
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188:. The proceeds from these publishing ventures were used for a range of charitable purposes.
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and others, Sankey published a short collection of the favorite numbers, under the title
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In the secular world, not every listener was captivated by Sankey's singing style.
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songs. In 1980 Sankey was honored by induction into the Gospel Music Hall of Fame.
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In 1893 Moody and Sankey conducted a major campaign in Chicago, as part of the
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and elsewhere. In October 1872 Sankey moved his family permanently to Chicago.
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In 1898, accompanied by family and friends, Sankey traveled to Egypt and
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874:"Tragedy in the Chicago Fire and Triumph in the Architectural Response"
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920:"Ira D Sankey: Gospel Roots – Remembering the Father of Gospel Music"
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on an extended trip which, on the return journey, included visits to
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1313:. New York and Chicago: Biglow & Main and John Church & Co.
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For his solos, Sankey would accompany himself on a small portable
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Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham
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Encyclopedia of Christianity in the United States, Volume 5
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425:. Despite this, he managed to complete a book of memoirs,
653:. Vol. VIII, no. 5. September 1908. p. 208
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Bliss, Philip Paul; Sankey, Ira D. (joint eds) (1875).
1408:
Kurian, George Thomas; Lamport, Mark A. (eds) (2016).
555:, America's leading publisher of Sunday school music.
328:, Sankey composed his first gospel song, a setting of
1372:. Fort Washington, PA: Christian Literature Crusade.
724:
The National Cyclopædia of American Biography. Vol. 7
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1109:. London: Hodder and Stoughton/Morgan and Scott.
602:Moody was born in Northfield on February 5, 1837.
1726:People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War
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1520:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Kregel Publications.
568:donations to the Moody schools in Northfields.
1542:(revised and enlarged, 1200 pieces with music)
726:. New York: James T. White & Company. 1897
209:, on August 28, 1840, one of nine children of
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305:Sankey at the time of the first British tour
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1721:People from Lawrence County, Pennsylvania
1497:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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720:"Ira David Sankey: Author and Evangelist"
690:Biography of Gospel Song and Hymn Writers
543:The publishing successes in Britain with
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1414:. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
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1132:"Ira D. Sankey dies, a song on his lips"
884:– via Illinois Periodicals Online.
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297:British campaign 1873–1875 and aftermath
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1494:The Cambridge History of American Music
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983:Deeper Experiences of Famous Christians
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461:" sheet music cover - November 26, 1899
444:List of hymns composed by Ira D. Sankey
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166:to be sung well into the 21st century.
58:Edinburg, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania
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1473:Encyclopedia of American Gospel Music
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268:There is a fountain filled with blood
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918:Wilhoit, Mel R. (October 1, 1992).
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16:American gospel singer and composer
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1656:19th-century American male singers
1476:. New York and London: Routledge.
1353:. London: Hodder & Stoughton.
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1470:McNeill, William K., ed. (2010).
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1568:. London: Hodder and Stoughton.
1245:"A Shelter in the Time of Storm"
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1603:Works by or about Ira D. Sankey
1449:McLoughlin, William G. (2004).
1393:. New York: Facts on File Inc.
1370:Ira Sankey: First Gospel Singer
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693:. New York: Fleming H. Revell.
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1701:Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery
1686:American Methodist hymnwriters
1455:. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock.
1368:Everett, Betty Steele (1999).
987:. Anderson, Ind.: Warner Press
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1491:Nicholls, David, ed. (1998).
1310:Gospel Hymns and Sacred Songs
1259:"While the Days are Going By"
979:Lawson, J. Gilchrist (1911).
549:Gospel Hymns and Sacred Songs
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232:In 1861, at the start of the
186:Gospel Hymns and Sacred Songs
1716:Methodists from Pennsylvania
1597:Choral Public Domain Library
1593:Free scores by Ira D. Sankey
1545:. London: Morgan and Scott.
1538:Sankey, Ira D., ed. (1900).
1217:"Beneath the Cross of Jesus"
1203:"There Were Ninety and Nine"
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374:World's Columbian Exposition
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1618:(public domain audiobooks)
1512:Osbeck, Kenneth W. (1985).
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1390:American Religious Leaders
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876:. Illinois History Teacher
687:Hall, Jacob Henry (1914).
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227:Methodist Episcopal Church
201:Background and early years
124:John E. Sankey (1868–1912)
86:Gospel singer and composer
1731:Singers from Pennsylvania
1588:Sankey recording, c. 1898
1540:Sacred Songs & Solos
1532:Ira D. Sankey -wikipedia.
1387:Hall, Timothy L. (2003).
872:Rayfield, Jo Ann (1997).
759:The Emporia Daily Gazette
755:"Obituary: Ira D. Sankey"
661:– via Google Books.
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350:Northfield, Massachusetts
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1565:My Life and Sacred Songs
1297:Sankey 1906, pp. 249–250
1288:Sankey 1906, pp. 248–249
1107:My Life and Sacred Songs
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427:My Life and Sacred Songs
1681:American gospel singers
1666:20th-century Methodists
1661:19th-century Methodists
1105:Sankey, Ira D. (1906).
1014:McLoughlin 2004, p. 308
826:. Moody Bible Institute
519:Frances Ridley Havergal
515:John Greenleaf Whittier
466:12-week session run by
342:William Ewart Gladstone
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1612:Works by Ira D. Sankey
1165:Osbeck 1985, pp. 18–19
1077:Sankey 1906, pp. 38–40
1005:Sankey 1906, pp. 29–35
966:Sankey 1906, pp. 25–26
894:Sankey 1906, pp. 13–14
862:Hall 2003, pp. 317-318
844:Hall 2003, pp. 317–318
545:Sacred Songs and Solos
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503:Sacred Songs and Solos
462:
408:, Sankey ascended the
321:Sacred Songs and Solos
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277:Chicago after the fire
207:Edinburg, Pennsylvania
181:Sacred Songs and Solos
96:Fanny Victoria Edwards
1711:Converts to Methodism
1706:Christian revivalists
1676:American evangelicals
1671:American blind people
1516:101 More Hymn Stories
1323:Nicholls 1998, p. 155
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507:Elizabeth C. Clephane
468:George Frederick Root
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442:Further information:
384:Final years and death
354:Meridian, Mississippi
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1279:Betjeman 2008, p. 70
1192:Sankey 1900, Nos 8ff
1151:Everett, pp. 100–101
798:McNeill, pp. 329–330
576:Notes and references
340:, and the statesman
244:With Dwight L. Moody
1736:Union Army soldiers
1351:Sweet Songs of Zion
1183:Wilson 2003, p. 378
205:Sankey was born in
1440:has generic name (
1141:. August 15, 1908.
1139:The New York Times
1095:Everett, pp. 89–91
1068:Everett, pp. 82–83
1059:Everett, pp. 63–66
948:Sankey 1906, p. 24
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283:Great Chicago Fire
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236:, Sankey answered
234:American Civil War
138:Mary Leeper Sankey
76:Brooklyn, New York
1527:978-0-82543-420-4
1504:978-0-52145-429-2
1483:978-0-415-87569-1
1421:978-1-44224-431-3
761:. August 20, 1908
553:Biglow & Main
412:, where he sang
338:Princess of Wales
238:President Lincoln
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1631:Find a Grave
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135:David Sankey
70:(1908-08-13)
18:
1651:1908 deaths
1646:1840 births
490:A.N. Wilson
457:"A Hymn of
378:Kansas City
291:Springfield
1640:Categories
539:Publishing
483:reed organ
223:New Castle
50:1840-08-28
1574:220735287
1430:cite book
1265:April 10,
1251:April 10,
1237:April 10,
1223:April 10,
1209:April 10,
619:Citations
496:Composing
433:Appraisal
414:Psalm 121
406:Jerusalem
390:Palestine
215:Methodist
143:Signature
131:Parent(s)
1616:LibriVox
1562:(1906).
1551:23175485
1349:(2008).
991:April 7,
930:April 4,
880:April 6,
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765:April 3,
730:April 3,
704:April 3,
423:glaucoma
367:Brooklyn
326:Scotland
121:Children
1605:at the
1595:in the
1340:Sources
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657:May 26,
449:Singing
418:Ottoman
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398:Athens
336:, the
109:
91:Spouse
1135:(PDF)
581:Notes
404:. In
113:)
105:(
101:
1570:OCLC
1547:OCLC
1522:ISBN
1499:ISBN
1478:ISBN
1457:ISBN
1442:help
1416:ISBN
1395:ISBN
1374:ISBN
1355:ISBN
1267:2019
1253:2019
1239:2019
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1211:2019
1111:OCLC
993:2019
932:2019
926:(12)
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732:2019
706:2019
695:OCLC
659:2022
402:Rome
400:and
255:YMCA
196:Life
184:and
174:and
111:1863
65:Died
40:Born
1629:at
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48:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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