YMCA - Knowledge

342: 1385: 318: 598: 3552: 3378: 3059: 2943: 1078: 1067: 666: 2203: 969: 2659: 1404: 1393: 586: 330: 630: 2323: 1046: 2496: 1162: 307: 654: 2411:, A. Bruce Minear, an experienced secretary, was sent to organize the association work in the Canal Zone. Construction was started on YMCA clubhouses in Culebra, Empire, Gorgona, and Cristobal, Panama, as well as in Panama City. These clubhouses were operated by YMCA for several years and were financed by the Canal Zone, they contained billiard rooms, an assembly room, a reading room, bowling alleys, dark rooms for the camera clubs, gymnastic equipment, an ice cream parlor and soda fountain, and a circulating library. By 1920, there were nine buildings in operation in the Canal Zone. 3407: 3320: 3204: 3117: 1057: 2215: 6725: 1373: 3610: 3146: 2972: 2667: 296: 2043: 1019:

and the Caribbean, Mexico, the United States, and Canada, and the World YMCA. The World YMCA is the highest affiliation body. Each local, national and regional YMCA is independent of each other, but local, regional and international cooperation, partnerships and collaborations are part of the organizations work. Each National Council is led by a National General Secretary, a role that similar to that of a CEO. At each stage of the affiliation process, there are usually membership fees paid by local YMCAs to the central organization.

1026:, the World YMCA has convened a World Conference, later renamed the World Council, every three to four years and is YMCA's highest decision making forum. Every National Council sends a delegation who hold a number of votes, which are dependent on the financial turnover of that National Council. The World Council is "responsible for setting the policies and direction of the World YMCA, electing its Officers and Executive Committee, evaluating the work of the last four years, and deliberating on priorities for the next quadrennium". 3030: 642: 2278:, where it provided support for physical education teachers. YMCA was most notable in encouraging women's sports in South America, and during the early 1900s, YMCA in Argentina highly promoted basketball, swimming, and track and field. There were many victories for the development of sports in Argentina due to YMCA, such as Frederick Dickens, who served as the director of physical education at the Buenos Aires YMCA. Dickens eventually led the Argentine Olympic delegation to Paris in 1924 and Amsterdam in 1928. 2054: 2849:, a physical education director at YMCA of the US, introduced a new emblem to represent YMCA, an inverted red triangle. Each of the triangle's sides represented 'the whole man' and a different aspect of YMCA's work as recognised by Gulick; Mind, Body and Spirit. So significant was the red triangle, it would go on to become a familiar symbol of YMCA's work on the home front and around the world during WW1 and WW2. The red triangle is still used as part of many local, national and regional YMCA logos today. 2143: 1856: 6772: 2604:, Quebec, on 25 November 1851. There are presently 44 YMCAs and 5 YMCA-YWCAs in Canada that offer programmes and services tailored to each community's needs. They cumulatively serve 2 million people in over 1,000 Canadian communities. Programs include children and youth, health, fitness, and recreation, childcare, day and resident camping, employment training, community outreach and newcomer services, international development and education, and leadership development and recognition. 1676:, Uruguay, created a version of indoor football for recreation in YMCAs. This new sport was originally developed for playing on basketball courts, and a rule book was published in September 1933. Football was already highly popular in the country and after Uruguay won the 1930 World Cup and gold medals in the 1924 and 1928 Summer Olympics, it attracted even more practitioners. Ceriani's goal was to create a team game that could be played indoor or outdoor but that was similar to football. 3871: 3668: 3436: 3291: 3175: 3001: 3262: 3088: 4016: 3755: 3494: 3523: 1864: 891: 3958: 2647: 622: 6784: 3842: 985: 610: 3987: 3726: 4045: 2132: 1000: 3465: 4290: 4074: 3784: 6760: 2450: 2336: 51: 3929: 3697: 3349: 1170: 3813: 2250:

making it one of the largest providers of safe supported accommodation for young people. At the great majority of sites those living in accommodation are supported by personal, social and educational services. Many YMCAs in England and Wales offer services and facilities to the wider community, among them foodbanks, gyms and swimming pools, conference facilities, cafes, theatres, counselling, chaplaincy and housing advice.

3900: 3581: 3233: 2636: 3639: 2678: 1094: 849:. It reaffirmed the Paris Basis and adopted a declaration of principles, known as the Kampala Principles. It include the principles of justice, creativity and honesty. It stated what had become obvious: that a global viewpoint was more necessary. It also recognized that YMCA and its national member organizations would have to take political stands, particularly in international challenges and crises. 1806:. He could not find squash players of his caliber and he did not care particularly for handball, so in 1950 he designed a short, stringed racquet, used a children's toy rubber ball, and created rules for a new game using the handball courts. He called his new sport "paddle rackets". The sport really took off in the 1970s and there are an estimated 15 million players worldwide today. 1631:

and two peach baskets nailed to the balcony of Springfield YMCA. The game was an immediate hit, although originally the baskets still had their bottoms, and the ball had to be manually retrieved after each score, considerably slowing play. It was mostly a passing game, and dribbling did not become a major part of the game until much later, when the ball was improved to its present form.

926:, in Mexico, called for a peaceful solution to the Middle East crisis. On 12 July 2010, YMCA of the USA rebranded its name to the popular nickname "The Y" and revised the iconic red and black logo to create five colored versions. Today, YMCAs are open to all, regardless of ability, age, culture, ethnicity, gender, race, religion, sexual orientation and socioeconomic background. 6566: 815:, eating utensils, and other items. Donald Lowrie of the YMCA took the helm of the Committee of Nîmes, also known as the Camps Committee, a group that gathered leaders from over twenty humanitarian organizations coordinate advocacy for people in the internment camps, including helping children leave these camps to live in children's colonies or eventually escape to freedom. 1832:, wanted to create a game for older gentlemen which had less physical contact. He borrowed a tennis net, raised it 6 feet, 6 inches above the floor, and invented the game of "mintonette", which could be played by a group of any number and involved volleying a large ball over the net. An observer suggested that a better name for the new sport would be "volleyball". In 1912, 907: 728:, YMCA had established 250 recreation centres, also known as huts, in the United Kingdom, and went to build temporary huts across Europe to support both soldiers and civilians alike, run by thousands of volunteers. Some of them, known as field secretaries, also went into war zones to support prisoners-of-war in Europe and Russia. Notable supporters and volunteers included 553:, Switzerland by Dunant. Later, in 1900, North American YMCAs, in collaboration with the World YMCA, set up centres to work with emigrants in European ports, as millions of people were leaving for the US. In 1880, in Norway, YMCA became the first national organization to adopt a strict policy of equal gender representation in committees and national boards. 341: 2834:. The circular emblem is made up of five segments, one for each continent. The segments are held together by small monograms of YMCA in different languages. As early as 1881, YMCA leaders believed the Movement could be truly international and united across borders. In the center is a larger monogram of X and P, 2165:, YMCA is called CVJM, which stands for Christlicher Verein junger Menschen (Christian Association of Young People). Up until 1985 the organisation was called 'Christlicher Verein Junger Männer' (Christian Association of Young Men), the name change reflected its activities being accessible to men and women. 2310:

There was advertising for YMCA programs that would help young men gain life skills and YMCA also had some activities for women. For example, an excursion to Xochimilco in 1910 featured races for boys and girls and indoor baseball for everyone. YMCA had very little influence on rural Mexico until after the

242:, with each independent local YMCA affiliated with its national organization. The national organizations, in turn, are part of both a geographically regional area alliance and the World Alliance of YMCA. YMCA programs vary between nations and regions, but are all based on the principles espoused in the 2435:

has a team of 200 employees and a voluntary body of more than 700 people. The organization describes its mission as "Having a positive impact on the young people so they have the will to transform the Peruvian society". YMCA Peru was created on 17 May 1920. It has presence in the departments of Lima,

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YMCAs offer child care, including supervised space for infants, toddlers, preschoolers, and school-age children to stay and play while parents enjoy a workout. YMCA staff members are trained to ensure the safety and well-being of the children in their care so that parents can confidently pursue their

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has created a diversity of YMCA programmes and services, with YMCAs in different countries and communities offering vastly different programming in response to local community needs. Financial support for local associations is derived from programme fees, membership dues, community chests, foundation

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offer supported accommodation for vulnerable and homeless young people, mental health services, youth clubs, sports centres, nursery schools and family support and after school clubs. Across England and Wales, YMCA in 2024 supports more than 18,000 young people with homes each year, at 86 locations

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in 1990. Salem State had recently dropped their college team, and the youth director at the YMCA went to see about expanding their program by renting the colleges space. Since then, two of the Marblehead/Swampscott gymnasts have gone on to be named all-American gymnasts and placed in the top five at

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The first contest was played at the International YMCA Training School in December 1891. During those earliest games the school's custodian, "whose antipathy to the students was well known," retrieved successful shots from the baskets – using a ladder. The original game was played with a soccer ball

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became the first Indian national general secretary of India. Paul had started rural development programs for self-reliance of marginal farmers, through co-operatives and credit societies. These programmes became very popular. He also coined the term "rural reconstruction", and many of the principles

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The delegates of various Young Men's Christian Associations of Europe and America, assembled in Conference at Paris, the 22 August 1855 feeling that they are one in principle and in operation, recommend to their respective Societies to recognize with them the unity existing among their Associations,

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The renamed Anthony Bowen YMCA is still serving the U Street area of Washington. It became a part of YMCA of the city of Washington in 1947. Through the middle part of the 20th century it was associated with covert homosexual subculture, with the athletic facilities providing a refuge and cover for

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In 1924, Archibald Clinton Harte, General Secretary of the International YMCA, raised the sum of one million dollars towards the construction of the building. The Jerusalem YMCA was dedicated in 1933 with the words “Here is a place whose atmosphere is peace, where political and religious jealousies

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in 1902 for the American community. By 1904, there were two more branches in Mexico City and one branch established in Monterrey. In 1907, another branch in Chihuahua was set up and then one YMCA in Tampico. In Mexico, YMCA organized physical activity, individual development, and national progress.

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The YMCA spread the game immediately throughout South America. It was easily played by everyone, everywhere, and in any weather condition, without any difficulty, helping players to stay in shape all year round. These reasons convinced João Lotufo, a Brazilian, to bring this game to his country and

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Despite having a strong Christian identity, the YMCA in Gaza is well respected in the Muslim community. The majority of YMCA attendees are Muslim. The staff are both Muslim and Christian, and the elected board is 100% Christian to balance inclusiveness without losing the YMCA’s Christian identity.

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YMCA globally operates on a federation model with each independent local YMCA affiliated with its national organization, known as a National Council. The national organizations, in turn, are affiliated to both an Area Alliance, including Europe, Asia Pacific, the Middle East, Africa, Latin America

2697:. It has 800 separate organisational entities affiliated to its national office, based in 2,700 branch locations, working with 21 million people, to "strengthen communities through youth development, healthy living and social responsibility." It has about 19,000 staff and 600,000 volunteers. 499:

have reflected elements of the Paris Basis in their founding mission statements. In 1865, the fourth World Conference of YMCAs, held in Germany, affirmed the importance of developing the whole individual in spirit, mind, and body. The concept of physical work through sports, a new concept for the

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Panama YMCA was founded on 24 May 1966. The 1968 impeachment of President Marco Aurelio Robles and the ensuing riots and political unrest impacted YMCA's work and the after-school programs at Panama YMCA were cancelled. Use of the school equipment, such as the pool and gym, greatly helped YMCA's

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was one of the original circus performers at the Boston YMCA in the 1870s and 1880s, but he was hurt in a fall and could not perform or teach gymnastics. This led him to start the group exercises that exist currently at YMCAs. Even though Robert stopped teaching gymnastics in Boston, the YMCA in

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public schools are sometimes eligible to join a tutoring program through YMCA called Y Learning. This program is used to help low-income students who are struggling in school complete their homework with help from tutors and receive a snack as well as a safe place to be after school. Y Learning

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Family programs include family nights, parent-child classes, and different events put on by the YMCA. YMCA's parent/child programs, conducted under YMCA's Y-Guides program, provides structured opportunities for fellowship, camping, and community-building activities, including craft-making and

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AAYMCA collaborates with national movements to conduct research, develop localized as well as continental programming, monitor and evaluate progress, and communicate impact of youth development work undertaken on the continent. From 2015, the Africa Alliance of YMCAs has aligned much of its

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Until the late 1950s, YMCAs in the United States were built with hotel-like rooms called residences or dormitories. These rooms were built with the young men in mind coming from rural America and many foreign-born young men arriving to the new cities. The rooms became a significant part of

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and the movement of young people to cities to work. YMCA "combined preaching in the streets and the distribution of religious tracts with a social ministry. Philanthropists saw them as places for wholesome recreation that would preserve youth from the temptations of alcohol, gambling, and

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were invented) and swimming pools." Later in this period, and continuing on through the 20th century, YMCA had "become interdenominational and more concerned with promoting morality and good citizenship than a distinctive interpretation of Christianity." Prior to the beginning of the

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Two themes resonated during the first World Conference: the need to respect the local autonomy of YMCA societies, and the purpose of YMCA: to unite all young, male Christians for the extension and expansion of the Kingdom of God. The former idea is expressed in the preamble:

2078:, the headquarters of all YMCA work in China. When he first arrived in China, the YMCA had facilities in large cities, but lacked a nationally co-ordinated effort. In 1911, he arranged the first school for physical education directors in China. With the support of president 1340:

to students who did not otherwise have access to higher education. The YMCA program was reorganized in 1906 as the Association Institute, and this in turn was established as Fenn College in 1929. In 1964, Fenn College became a state college named Cleveland State University.

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During the 19th World Council meeting in 2018 in Chiang Mai, Carlos Sanvee from Togo became the first African and current Secretary General of World YMCA. During the same World Council meeting, Patricia Pelton from Canada emerged as the first female President of World YMCA.

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The International Coalition of YMCA Universities brings together universities from all over the world, including Brazil, England, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Mexico, Uruguay, United States, and Venezuela. The universities offer a wide variety of courses on different levels.

713:, of YMCA China, devised the "thousand character system", based on pilot projects in education. The method also became very popular, and in 1923, it led to the founding of the Chinese National Association of the Mass Education Movement. In 1878, YMCA was organized near the 755:

During World War I, YMCA raised and spent over $ 155 million on welfare efforts for American soldiers. It deployed over 25,000 staff in military units and bases from Siberia to Egypt to France. They took over the military's morale and comfort operations worldwide.

2479:. Since then, Gaza YMCA has not been associated with any national organization. YMCA Gaza has five major departments: sports, arts, welfare, preschool, and youth. The youth department consists of approximately 80 youth leaders between the ages of 15 and 25 years old. 528:

and while preserving a complete independence as to their particular organization and modes of action, to form a Confederation of secession on the following fundamental principle, such principle to be regarded as the basis of admission of other Societies in future.

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In 1885, Camp Baldhead (later known as Camp Dudley), the first residential camp in the United States and North America, was established by George A. Sanford and Sumner F. Dudley, both of whom worked for YMCA. The camp, originally located near Orange Lake in

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In 1983, planning was started for the integration of Panama YMCA and the American Services YMCA (ASYMCA). The integration of the remaining two ASYMCAs, the Balboa Branch and the Cristobal Branch, with the Panama Branch, a merger that was completed in 1990.

235:. Local YMCAs deliver projects and services focused on youth development through a wide variety of youth activities, including providing athletic facilities, holding classes for a wide variety of skills, promoting Christianity, and humanitarian work. 1153:, including reading, storytelling, and public readings. These programs are not offered at each YMCA but the ones who have same to offer these programs give a benefit to their communities to give children a safe place to go to enjoy such activities. 1108:

YMCAs around the world offer various types of accommodation. In some places, this takes the form of budget accommodation available to the public such as youth hostels, or hotels, which, in turn, generate income for other charitable activities. In

1627:, the head of Springfield YMCA gave Naismith two weeks to come up with a game to occupy a particularly incorrigible group. Naismith decided the game had to be physically active, simple to understand and would have minimal physical roughness. 823:. In 1955 the first black President of the World YMCA, Charles Dunbar Sherman from Liberia, was elected. At 37 years, he was also the youngest president in World YMCA history. In 1959 YMCA of the USA developed the first nationally organized 4612:"Christmas Day in the London Bridge YMCA Canteen: HRH Princess Helena Victoria, Chairman of the Ladies' Auxiliary Committee of the YMCA is standing by Mrs Norrie, CBE, Superintendent of the canteen. Miss Ellen Terry is sitting by the table" 1709:, each constructed buildings with gyms inside. These gyms then allowed men to train on the sport of gymnastics. Most of the men who knew gymnastics, however, were circus performers and did not fit the ideas and values of the YMCA. 532:

YMCA was influential during the 1870s and the 1930s, during which times it most successfully promoted "evangelical Christianity in weekday and Sunday services, while promoting good sportsmanship in athletic contests in gyms (where

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YMCA also organizes fitness, wellness, and help and awareness programs. One of the programs is the Diabetes Prevention Program, in which trained staff members help diabetics to make their lives healthier and more active.

2290:, and volleyball was deemed appropriate for women from the beginning. Through the encouragement of YMCA, physical educators promoted women's volleyball in schools like Escola Wenceslau Braz and Colégio Sylvio Leite in 2792:

for his "long and fruitful labors in drawing together the peoples of many nations, many races and many communions in a common bond of spirituality." John R. Mott also played an important role in the founding of the

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YMCA Motion Picture Bureau, renamed Association Films in 1946, was one of the United Kingdom's largest non-theatrical distribution companies. In 1947 the World YMCA gained special consultative status with the

2082:, Crocker toured China to conduct training courses and establish a school for physical education instructors. Shanghai subsequently became the first training centre for physical education directors in China. 468:. Dunant successfully convinced YMCA Paris to organise the first YMCA World Conference. The Conference took place in August 1855, bringing together 99 young delegates from nine countries, held before the 2422:

YMCA Panama continues its work for the betterment of today's society. In 2005, YMCA Panama inaugurated the new YMCA Panama School located on Colinas del Sol, in the Nuevo Chorrillo District of Arraijan.

1749:. Compared to the other YMCAs who were stopping the sport of gymnastics held group classes in their basketball gym. They had to break down their equipment each day until their program was moved to the 811:

It was also involved in war work with displaced persons and refugees. It set up War Prisoners Aid to support prisoners of war by providing sports equipment, musical instruments, art materials, radios,

1585:. Classes are offered for parent-child, preschool, youth, family, teen and adult, arthritics classes, and other water therapies. Certain YMCA's also offer a special Olympic swim class or swim team. 6221: 4305: 2611:. Until 1912, when Canadian YMCAs formed their own national council, YMCAs were jointly administered by the International Committee of the Young Men's Christian Associations of North America. 1757:

YMCAs around the world now offer gymnastics to boys and girls of a variety of ages. Equipment now ranges from the men's events of pommel horses, parallel bars and the men's high rail to the

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The YMCA's mission is to empower young people and communities worldwide to build a just, sustainable, equitable and inclusive world, where every person can thrive in body, mind and spirit.

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was established in 1966 following a merger of YMCA of Sweden and the YWCA of Sweden. In 2011, the organization decided to use the term "KFUM Sverige" during promotion where "M" stands for

2104:". YMCA Hong Kong headquarters has occupied its current location at 22 Salisbury Road, Tsim Sha Tsui since 1922. YMCA Hong Kong established the College of Continuing Education in 1996 and 1431:). Naismith had been asked to invent a new game in an attempt to interest pupils in physical exercise. The game had to be interesting, easy to learn, and easy to play indoors in winter. 2823: 472:. They discussed joining in a federation to enhance cooperation amongst individual YMCA societies. This marked the beginning of the World Alliance of YMCAs. The conference adopted the 6666:

Vertinsky, Patricia, and Aishwarya Ramachandran. "The 'Y' Goes to India: Springfield College, Muscular Missionaries, and the Transnational Circulation of Physical Culture Practices".

808:, YMCA helped refugees, particularly displaced Jews. Sometimes YMCA participated in escape operations. Mostly, however, its role was limited to providing relief packages to refugees. 4921: 383:, and on 6 June 1844, he held the first meeting that led to the founding of YMCA with the purpose of "the improving of the spiritual condition of young men engaged in the drapery, 1882:. AAYMCA is the oldest non-governmental organization network in Africa, reaching approximately five million programme participants. The first YMCA in Africa was established in 6142:"Occupied Palestinian territory: Report from the International YMCA-YWCA Observer: No. 17 - Gaza - why do you want to go there? - occupied Palestinian territory | ReliefWeb" 1133:"). In 1940, there were about 100,000 rooms at YMCAs, more than any hotel chain. By 2006, YMCAs with residences had become relatively rare in the US, but many still remain. 6584: 6561:

Alleman, Nathan F., and Dorothy E. Finnegan. "'Believe you have a mission in life and steadily pursue it': Campus YMCAs presage student development theory, 1894–1930."

5556: 212:, with more than 64 million beneficiaries in 120 countries. It has nearly 90,000 staff, some 920,000 volunteers and 12,000 branches worldwide. It was founded in 2194:(men) as it did previously. YWCA-YMCA of Sweden has 40,000 members in 140 local associations. Several Swedish YWCA-YMCA associations have been successful in sports. 1239:, of Springfield, Massachusetts, was founded in 1885 as an international training school for YMCA Professionals, while one of the two schools that eventually became 5971: 5881: 5632: 5000: 1227:

YMCA after-school programs are geared towards providing students with a variety of recreational, cultural, leadership, academic, and social skills for development.

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approach to youth work. Around six years after its birth, an international YMCA conference in Paris decided that the objective of the organization should become "

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to executive director to its Organizational Development Group, making her the first woman named to a senior management position with the American national YMCA.

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In 1881, 26 years after its foundation, the official emblem of the World Alliance of YMCAs was adopted, at the Ninth International YMCA World Conference, in

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credits Crocker for introducing volleyball to China via the YMCA. Crocker wrote in a letter than the introduction of volleyball to China occurred in 1912.

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In: Pollock NW, ed. Diving for Science 2009. Proceedings of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences 28th Symposium. Dauphin Island, AL: AAUS; 2009

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operates under the main mission of bridging achievements gaps and providing essential resources to help underprivileged students thrive in school.

957: 4947: 5025: 1252: 2715:, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1851 by Captain Thomas Valentine Sullivan (1800–59), an American seaman and missionary. In 1853 the Reverend 7328: 6976: 6544: 2552:. The Jerusalem YMCA housed the city's first heated swimming pool and first gymnasium with a wooden floor. The first concert broadcasts of the 749: 388: 6611:

Hosgood, Christopher P. "Negotiating Lower-Middle-Class Masculinity in Britain: The Leicester Young Men's Christian Association, 1870-1914."

2778: 5757: 5595: 4158: 4108: 1619:, a clergyman, educator, and physician. Naismith was asked to create an indoor "athletic distraction" to keep rowdy youth busy in the cold 733: 317: 2842:. This was to remind YMCAs that Christ is at the center of the Movement, a source of strength, hope and unity, binding them all together. 1802:

a tennis, handball and squash player who worked in a rubber manufacturing factory, was dissatisfied with the options for indoor sports in

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In 1998, the 14th World Council of YMCAs in Germany adopted "Challenge 21", intended to place more focus on global challenges, such as

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with material from the initial founding of YMCA in London in 1840s to the recent past. The archive of YMCA Scotland is housed at the

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when basketball was included for the first time as an Olympic event. For his efforts to increase the popularity of basketball and of

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grants, charitable contributions, sustaining memberships, corporate sponsors and other funding models used in the charitable sector.

5816: 6249: 2766: 1274: 461: 7273: 2571:, which used it to shelter around 80 refugees. Two months later, it was used by the United Nations Mediation Committee headed by 2096:

YMCA Hong Kong was established in 1901, being separated into two separate organizations in 1908, split across linguistic lines: "

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Winter, Thomas. "Personality, Character, and Self-Expression: The YMCA and the Construction of Manhood and Class, 1877-1920."

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Watson, Nick J., Stuart Weir, and Stephen Friend. "The development of muscular Christianity in Victorian Britain and beyond."

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are united under the Africa Alliance of YMCAs (AAYMCA). The core focus of the organizational work done by the AAYMCA is youth

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The Report of the Thirteenth Triennial International Conference and Jubilee Celebration of Young Men's Christian Associations

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Lord, Alexandra M. "Models of masculinity: sex education, the United States Public Health Service, and the YMCA, 1919–1924."

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ability to continue on with the swimming classes and summer programs. These programs remained popular throughout this time.

4237: 2874:, Vision 2030 empowers communities and young people worldwide to build a just, sustainable, equitable and inclusive world. 6490: 2658: 5961: 5871: 5622: 5065:

Zald, Mayer N.; Denton, Patricia (September 1963). "From Evangelism to General Service: The Transformation of the YMCA".

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and the current landmark building was dedicated by General Lord Allenby in 1933 during the British Mandate of Palestine.

379:. Williams' idea grew out of meetings he held for prayer and Bible-reading among his fellow workers in a business in the 329: 6504: 6417: 4784: 4637: 7165: 7034: 6058: 5319: 5154: 5100: 4098: 2794: 2537: 2033: 797:

and providing youth activities in the camps. In addition, YMCA was one of seven organizations that helped to found the

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he developed were later incorporated into the Indian's government nationwide community development programs. In 1923,

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To achieve the mission, the YMCA fill focus on 4 thematic areas and work towards 12 Strategic Goals. The Pillars are

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lessons, water fitness lessons, or take part in the open swim times where families can swim in a lane to themselves.

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YMCAs in the USA are one of the largest charitable nonprofits in the US, by public donations received, as listed by

6738: 6293: 5997: 4829: 2798: 2761:, who co-founded the Geneva YMCA in 1852 and was one of the founders of the World YMCA, was awarded the first-ever 2626: 1125:, known as an inexpensive and safe place for a visitor to stay in an unfamiliar city (as, for example, in the 1978 790: 360: 299: 286: 217: 79: 7303: 6572:

Baker, William J. "To Play or to Pray? The YMCA Question in the United Kingdom and the United States, 1850-1900".

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from 4 to 7 August, with 3,200 people from 100 countries. The event celebrated youth leadership, and elevated the

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and first aid classes are offered to employees and the public. Away from swim classes, individuals can also take

1240: 6078:"Collection: Records of YMCA international work in Panama | University of Minnesota Archival Collections Guides" 4757: 689:, the first scout troops met in the Nottingham and Birkenhead YMCA buildings. The YMCA would also influence the 2405: 2357: 1894:'s Agenda 2063 Development Plan in order to contribute towards the achievement of the ideals envisioned by the 1886:

in 1881, and the AAYMCA was founded in 1977 as the umbrella body for all national movements on the continent.

1281:, Michigan YMCA. It had a 99-year lease on the site, and it was only when it expired that the college moved to 1244: 933:

YMCA's 175th anniversary in 2019 was celebrated with a global gathering of the organisation's young leaders at

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Garnham, Neal. "'Both praying and playing:' Muscular Christianity" and the YMCA in north-east county Durham."

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and physical fitness. A large number of locations have gyms, weight rooms, swimming pools, and sports courts.

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Ecumenism of the Laity: Continuity and Change in the Mission View of the World's Alliance of YMCAs, 1855–1955

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From its inception, YMCA grew rapidly, ultimately becoming a worldwide movement founded on the principles of

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developed through a program of religious, educational, social and physical activities" (Binfield 1973:265).

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community service, for several generations of parents and children from kindergarten through eighth grade.

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Spreading Protestant Modernity: Global Perspectives on the Social Work of the YMCA and YWCA (c. 1889–1970)

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was founded in 1969. It offers various programs related to science and engineering. During the 1880s, the

7202: 4700: 2608: 1286: 1071: 973: 239: 6605: 6941: 6750: 4951: 4113: 2741: 1821: 1612: 1424: 1397: 1293:

was YMCA Night Law School until November 1986, having offered law classes since 1911 and the degree of

1754:

the National Championships. The team has also placed in the top 10 at several National Championships.

1718:

was creating the sport of gymnastics, holding boy/men classes as far back as 1895, where they learned

953: 6906: 5341: 2846: 2802: 2397: 2101: 2091: 1624: 1408: 1345: 566: 492: 6395:

Neumann, Caryn E. glbtq: An Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Culture.

5902: 2495: 1161: 306: 7237: 4702:

The Holocaust & the Jews of Marseille: The Enforcement of Anti-Semitic Policies in Vichy France

4128: 2903:

As of June 2023, 75 YMCA Movements worldwide were in the process of implementing YMCA Vision 2030.

2852:

In 2010, the YMCA of the USA changed its logo to "The Y" as part of a larger brand transformation.

2839: 2630: 2516:

can be forgotten and international unity be fostered and developed.” Harte's home on the shores of

2254: 1745:, became more popular. Gymnastics as we know it today started at the Marblehead/Swampscott YMCA in 1004: 989: 512: 477: 476:, a common mission for all present and future national YMCAs. Its motto was taken from the Bible, " 6681: 6195: 1348:, wherein clubs of children representing each YMCA community convene annually in their respective 701:, a Chicago-area YMCA administrator, worked at YMCA while also becoming the BSA's first director. 7144: 6966: 6936: 6260: 4565: 2900:

Each Pillar has three goals: Internal Transformation, Community Empowerment and Global Advocacy.

2838:, Christ's name, as used by early Christians. An open Bible sits on top of the monogram, showing 2745: 2591: 2575:

and then was taken over by the U.S. Consulate. In April 1949, the building was returned to YMCA.

2568: 2545: 2346: 2037: 1655: 1520: 1306: 1290: 1098: 1045: 945: 875: 670: 6472: 1056: 6671: 5422: 4103: 3557: 2651: 1829: 1803: 1635: 1500: 1439: 1282: 1270: 1264: 516: 35: 6630:

Building character in the American boy: The Boy Scouts, YMCA, and their forerunners, 1870-1920

5527: 4427: 398:, London, and started being published the following year, with the series running until 1865. 6921: 6886: 6809: 6776: 5590: 4899: 4849: 4808: 4093: 3383: 2734: 2701: 2549: 2353: 1778: 1737:

A few years later, gymnastics began to filter out of the YMCA as other group sports, such as

1602: 1301:, providing educational opportunities for people with full-time employment. Many YMCAs offer 690: 508: 501: 368: 290: 232: 24: 6077: 4736:"Collection: YMCA film bureau records | University of Minnesota Archival Collections Guides" 4735: 4295:

One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the

2322: 5040: 4008: 3747: 3064: 2948: 2541: 2400:, recommending that YMCA be brought to the Canal Zone. With the approval of both President 2393: 1715: 1647: 1582: 1570: 1458: 766:, a revue that included a song entitled "I Can Always Find a Little Sunshine in the YMCA". 729: 653: 562: 456:

The idea of creating a truly global movement with an international headquarters was led by

6170: 4515: 2253:

The archive of YMCA England and Wales is housed in the Special Collections section of the

1634:

Gulick worked with Naismith to spread the sport, chairing the Basketball Committee of the

8: 7181: 6764: 6623: 5966: 5931: 5876: 5824: 5627: 5297: 5129: 2870:

Vision 2030 serves as a roadmap for every YMCA’s strategic goals. Closely aligned to the

2774: 2640: 2484: 2408: 2179: 2174: 1895: 1750: 1446:

as a slower-paced alternative sport, in which the older YMCA members could participate.

1428: 1260: 1236: 794: 546:, YMCA provided nursing, shelter, and other support during wartime in the United States. 2214: 1937: 7107: 7076: 6961: 6881: 6865: 6788: 6724: 6538: 5415: 5082: 4570: 4133: 3035: 2880:

A world where every person lives in harmony with self, with society and with creation.

2770: 2529: 2504: 2401: 2311: 1766: 1643: 1532: 1372: 1204: 1193: 771: 745: 574: 543: 201: 295: 6272: 6054: 5737: 5426: 5041:"YMCA Ambassadors From 100+ Nations Join in London To Commemorate 175 Years At #Y175" 5019: 4706: 4643: 4611: 4545: 4345: 4243: 4216: 3631: 2789: 2762: 2682: 2564: 2389: 2097: 2071: 1833: 1825: 1710: 1550: 1462: 1435: 1289:

traces its roots to the establishment of a law school by the local YMCA in 1908. The

853: 828: 786: 698: 465: 414: 402: 6331: 2666: 2294:. Sports clubs even began to organize events for women because of YMCA's influence. 1298: 641: 7293: 7091: 6971: 6860: 6825: 6802: 5074: 4679: 2720: 2572: 2042: 1902: 1651: 1488: 1122: 1050: 410: 225: 6731: 5001:"The YMCA at 175: from a small drapery store to a global Christian youth movement" 6916: 6742: 6404: 4138: 2620: 2553: 2207: 1731: 1146: 1130: 871: 782: 762: 752:

would go on to become a notable member and chairman of its organising committee.

737: 710: 265: 20: 4263: 2864:, Denmark, the global YMCA Movement adopted its first-ever collective strategy, 1461:, having been created in synthesis with the rules of the three indoor sports of 1117:, YMCAs offer supported accommodation for vulnerable and homeless young people. 863:, and anti-apartheid campaigns were formed under the leadership of Lee Soo-Min ( 6901: 6491:"Luther Halsey Gulick: recreation, physical education and the YMCA – infed.org" 5502: 5187: 4497: 3876: 3673: 2814: 2291: 2227: 2219: 2142: 1616: 1416: 1126: 1101: 1082: 938: 767: 682: 570: 394:

By 1845, YMCA started a popular series of lectures that from 1848 were held at

380: 346: 269: 6824: 6656:

Putney, Clifford W. "Going Upscale: The YMCA and Postwar America, 1950-1990".

6196:"YMCA INTERNATIONAL WORK IN PALESTINE AND ISRAEL: An Inventory of Its Records" 4672:"Accueil des enfants juifs étrangers en France et leur sort sous l'Occupation" 4671: 4542:

Grit and Grace in a World Gone Mad: Humanitarianism in Talas, Turkey 1908-1923

2234:

consists of three separate National Councils: England and Wales, Ireland, and

2074:

to serve as the foreign work secretary to promote physical education based in

1855: 1495:, where it focused on providing intellectual and educational works to Russian 1235:

Multiple colleges and universities have historically had connections to YMCA.

601:

A historical marker for the Christian Street YMCA at 1724 Christian Street in

7268: 7262: 7139: 7086: 7029: 6911: 6839: 6425: 6396: 6353: 4314:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 940–941. 4301: 4296: 4021: 3760: 3499: 3412: 3325: 3209: 3122: 2716: 2690: 2597: 2524:

as an international conference facility. The cornerstone was laid in 1928 by

2242:

joined YMCA England in 2017, the council was renamed YMCA England and Wales.

1891: 1746: 1719: 1706: 1702: 1189: 993: 899: 879: 757: 590: 450: 250: 5158: 2053: 1337: 359:

The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) was founded on 6 June 1844, by

7013: 7008: 3963: 3718: 3586: 2758: 2453: 1981: 1977: 1863: 1850: 1799: 1774: 1762: 1723: 1294: 1267:

traces its roots to the founding of YMCA Night School on 1 November 1881.

934: 824: 778: 634: 602: 457: 6102: 4475: 890: 6956: 6946: 6447: 4761: 4589: 4118: 3921: 3847: 3615: 3528: 3267: 3151: 3093: 2977: 2826:

The International YMCA logo (top) and the United States YMCA logo (below)

2733:

magazine. YMCA in the USA is one of the many organizations that espouses

2671: 2646: 2476: 2306: 2162: 2117: 2079: 2013: 1879: 1795: 1790: 1758: 1620: 1558: 1496: 1492: 1314: 1256: 1208: 1184:) was established by G.A. Sanford and Sumner F. Dudley on Orange Lake in 1181: 1142: 977: 911: 846: 835: 725: 621: 473: 446: 442: 395: 243: 209: 19:

This article is about the organization. For the Village People song, see

6735: 6661: 6301: 5700:"Archives & Special Collections · University of Minnesota Libraries" 5366: 5217: 4684: 2693:, YMCA is more commonly known as 'The Y', with national headquarters in 770:

was a YMCA worker stationed in France during World War I who received a

609: 7197: 7149: 6931: 6896: 6595: 5086: 4869: 4398: 4037: 3660: 2822: 2705: 2468: 2360: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2136: 1965: 1910: 1815: 1770: 1742: 1738: 1694: 1689: 1673: 1608: 1590: 1566: 1546: 1542: 1482: 1466: 1450: 1443: 1420: 1185: 1150: 1011: 812: 714: 705: 558: 538: 534: 384: 7050: 5417:

Russia Abroad: A Cultural History of the Russian Emigration, 1919-1939

5275: 4264:"YMCA Founder's Day: Celebrating 170 Years — Greater Joliet Area YMCA" 7066: 6951: 6926: 5927:"Retire at 60? No, Sir! Dr. J. Howard Crocker Carved a Second Career" 5717:

volunteer, Christine Davis, Africa Alliance of YMCAs (1 April 2010).

3992: 3979: 3731: 3486: 3428: 3399: 3254: 3225: 3080: 3022: 2785: 2533: 2508: 2460: 2275: 2131: 1356: 1329: 1033:, Denmark,. and the 21st World Council is scheduled for July 2026 in 999: 860: 718: 646: 438: 418: 5078: 2449: 2335: 1515:

studies, although the organization has generally moved on to a more

984: 748:. Within the first month the YMCA Women's Auxiliary was formed, and 391:

served as YMCA's first president from 1851 until his death in 1885.

6891: 6261:

The Consul General at Jerusalem (Macatee) to the Secretary of State

5846: 5758:"Ghana YMCA technical training addresses critical educational gaps" 4050: 3863: 3457: 2711:

The first YMCA in the United States opened on 29 December 1851, in

2601: 2235: 2075: 2001: 1985: 1945: 1933: 1918: 1773:. These YMCAs now offer camps, lessons and teams in gymnastics and 1727: 1538: 1310: 1248: 1169: 919: 678: 614: 322: 16:

Worldwide youth organization founded by Sir George Williams in 1844

5791: 5699: 5342:"Y Learning, standardized tutorial program | YMCA of the Triangle" 413:

of 1851, the first in a series of World's Fairs which was held in

50: 6759: 6032: 4676:

Documents pour l'histoire du français langue étrangère ou seconde

4384:

J. William Frost, "Part V: Christianity and Culture in America",

4079: 3905: 3892: 3789: 3689: 3470: 3109: 2835: 2694: 2517: 2231: 2158: 2154: 2047: 2021: 1973: 1969: 1961: 1883: 1672:"Futsal" started in 1930 when Juan Carlos Ceriani , a teacher in 1516: 1333: 1278: 1110: 1034: 923: 895: 842: 793:. This help included helping young men leave the camps to attend 658: 481: 434: 422: 409:

The YMCA spread outside the United Kingdom in part thanks to the

376: 6418:"Take the Stranger by the Hand: Same-Sex Relations and the YMCA" 2635: 859:

In 1985, the World Council of YMCAs passed a resolution against

5580:"Popular sports invented at YMCA" by Jill Fandrich, 25 May 2009 4066: 3950: 3934: 3776: 3702: 3602: 3573: 3515: 3354: 3283: 3238: 3196: 3167: 3138: 2993: 2964: 2861: 2831: 2729: 2712: 2567:. At the end of April 1948, the building was taken over by the 2560: 2500: 2472: 2302: 2287: 2183: 2147: 2058: 2017: 2009: 1997: 1993: 1949: 1929: 1922: 1914: 1875: 1698: 1667: 1562: 1554: 1454: 1200: 1030: 805: 550: 460:, Secretary of YMCA Geneva, who would later go on to found the 430: 426: 372: 364: 334: 311: 213: 205: 110: 89: 6632:(Univ of Wisconsin Press, 2004), a standard scholarly history. 4922:"World Alliance of YMCAs Issues Statement on YMCA USA Rebrand" 4388:, 2nd Edition, (Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 1998), 476. 2677: 2467:

YMCA, and was a branch of the Egypt YMCA until 1967, when the

1836:

introduced volleyball to schools and YMCA locations in China.

1344:

American high school students have a chance to participate in

1180:

YMCA camping began in 1885 when Camp Baldhead (later known as

1145:, including ceramics, drawing, painting, and photography, the 1093: 845:, Uganda, became the first World Council in Africa, hosted by 264:

In popular culture, the YMCA is the subject of the 1978 song "

228:

into practice by developing a healthy body, mind, and spirit.

7071: 5654: 4785:"A brief history of recreational diving in the United States" 4123: 3834: 3818: 3805: 3644: 3544: 3370: 3312: 3051: 2935: 2464: 2246: 2239: 2005: 1957: 1953: 1941: 1906: 1868: 1581:

Aquatics offered at YMCAs range from recreational classes to

1512: 1321: 1114: 1023: 864: 1503:'s books while he was imprisoned by the Russian government. 367:

who was typical of the young men drawn to the cities by the

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Fischer-Tiné, Harald, Stefan Huebner and Ian Tyrrell, eds.

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In 1904, a letter was written by the chief engineer of the

1989: 488: 254: 6826:

Present-day hostels and hostelling associations by country

2748:

Libraries Department of Archives and Special Collections.

878:, war and peace, fair distribution, and the challenges of 507:

YMCA has cooperated with camping organizations, including

5101:"20th YMCA World Council to be hosted in Aarhus, Denmark" 2556:

radio station were transmitted from the YMCA auditorium.

1586: 1220:

fitness goals or take part in the various YMCA programs.

1022:

Ever since the first World Conference in August 1855, in

906: 798: 6718: 6604:(Association Press, 1951), a standard scholarly history 6283: 4999:

BST, Rob James Wed 7 August 2019 10:24 (7 August 2019).

2894:

Community Wellbeing, Meaningful Work, Sustainable Planet

2818:

The logo of the World Alliance of YMCAs, founded in 1881

1423:

while studying at YMCA International Training School in

867:), the first Asian secretary general of the World YMCA. 834:

By 1974, YMCA had set up a curriculum to begin teaching

6123: 6072: 6070: 6021: 6012:

The first secondary school sponsored by YMCA Hong Kong.

4239:

Interpreting LGBT History at Museums and Historic Sites

1820:

Four years after James Naismith invented basketball in

406:

prostitution and that would promote good citizenship."

6620:

Journal of the history of medicine and allied sciences

6371: 6124:"YMCA Peru – Asociación Cristiana de Jóvenes del Perú" 2540:. The building was designed by the American architect 2532:, on a plot of land in the West Nikephoria section of 1890:

programmatic work to some of the goals set out by the

1697:

came to be at the YMCA in 1869. Three YMCAs, those in

6748: 6645:. University of Joensuu. Publications in Theology 7. 1901:

In 1975, Africa's YMCAs tried to revive the ones in

1734:. They would then train to perform for an audience. 31: 30:"The Y" redirects here. For the Latin character, see 6067: 5557:"Gymnastics, an Olympic favorite, evolves with YMCA" 5486: 5389:"At a YMCA Near You, a Course for a Diabetic Nation" 4974:"World YMCA celebrates International Youth Day 2018" 1029:

The most recent World Council took place in 2022 in

549:

In 1878, the World YMCA offices were established in

5970:. Brantford, Ontario. 19 January 1918. p. 18. 2788:, US, president of the World YMCA, was awarded the 2210:

YMCA on the Western Front, near Rouen, France, 1914

1199:Camping also had early origins in YMCA movement in 5414: 2773:(Conventions de Genève). He shared the prize with 1297:since January 1927. YMCA pioneered the concept of 1263:began as YMCA School of Commerce. San Francisco's 172: 5920: 5918: 5907:(November 1930). "Howard Crocker's Resignation". 5532:History of YMCA National Gymnastics Championships 4789:South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal 4325:Report of the Thirteenth International Conference 2326:the former YMCA building in the Panama Canal Zone 1214: 7260: 5631:. Brantford, Ontario. 25 June 1912. p. 10. 5491:. London: Aurum Press Limited. pp. 399–400. 5124: 5122: 4782: 4447: 4445: 958:President of the United Nations General Assembly 950:Office of the Secretary-General's Envoy on Youth 827:course and certified their first skin and scuba 6977:Youth Hostels Association (England & Wales) 6118: 6116: 5317: 4795:(#3). Archived from the original on 15 May 2009 2840:John XVII, Verse 21, "that they all may be one" 569:, the following year, and then to the shore of 249:The YMCA is a parachurch organization based on 6555: 6166: 5956: 5954: 5915: 5880:. Brantford, Ontario. 18 May 1911. p. 1. 5487:Loucky, Wallechinsky, David and Jamie (2008). 4586:"Window on My Heart. Chapter X. The War Years" 4544:. London: Gomidas Institute. pp. 141–43. 4468: 4418: 4416: 2751: 1277:, was founded with a strong connection to the 1192:. The camp later moved to Lake Champlain near 781:, YMCA was involved in supporting millions of 774:citation for valour and courage on the field. 750:Princess Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein 389:Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury 310:The World Alliance of YMCAs logo displayed in 6810: 6574:International Journal of the History of Sport 5119: 4749: 4442: 2197: 1680:adapt it to the needs of physical education. 6113: 6049:Elsey, Brenda; Nadel, Joshua (21 May 2019). 5905:Young Men's Christian Associations of Canada 5742:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5222:YMCA International - World Alliance of YMCAs 5105:YMCA International - World Alliance of YMCAs 4978:YMCA International - World Alliance of YMCAs 4896:YMCA International - World Alliance of YMCAs 4827: 4821: 4109:New York Society for the Suppression of Vice 1352:to "take over the State Capitol for a day." 734:Commander of the Order of the British Empire 7299:International nongovernmental organizations 5951: 5024:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4836:. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013 4629: 4413: 4386:Christianity: A Social and Cultural History 3442:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 3297:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 3181:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 3007:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 2487:. In 2021, Gaza's YMCA served 1,800 youth. 1491:in Russia in 1900. It moved to Paris after 1247:—started from night courses offered at the 500:time, was also recognized as part of this " 487:Other ecumenical bodies, such as the World 6817: 6803: 6723: 6543:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6245: 6243: 6048: 5962:"Y.M.C.A. Supremacy in Physical Education" 5448:"History Lesson: Early basketball at YMCA" 5412: 5064: 4639:'That Damn Y' a Record of Overseas Service 4574:(Supplement). 7 January 1918. p. 368. 4235: 2719:founded the first YMCA for Colored Men in 2396:, to Admiral J.G. Walker, chairman of the 2222:, one of 86 locations in England and Wales 1449:In 1930, Juan Carlos Ceriani from YMCA of 1149:, including music, dance, and poetry, and 1040: 821:United Nations Economic and Social Council 363:and eleven friends. Williams was a London 253:values. Similar organizations include the 49: 7124:Hostelling International Northern Ireland 6745:, IL and to the African American History. 6635: 6346: 5924: 5896: 5716: 5406: 5386: 4776: 4725:Donald Lowrie, The Hunted Children, 1963. 4683: 4212:American Churches and the First World War 2740:Its national archives are located at the 2376:Learn how and when to remove this message 2016:. YMCA organizations are in formation in 1654:in general, Gulick was inducted into the 1326:YMCA University of Science and Technology 1230: 685:in 1907. The year after its inception by 6606:History of the Y.M.C.A. in North America 5719:"Transactional sex, HIV and livelihoods" 5311: 4564: 4364: 4300: 2821: 2813: 2767:International Committee of the Red Cross 2676: 2665: 2657: 2645: 2634: 2538:Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem 2494: 2448: 2321: 2213: 2201: 2141: 2130: 2052: 2041: 1862: 1854: 1402: 1391: 1383: 1371: 1275:Michigan State University College of Law 1168: 1160: 1092: 1076: 1065: 1055: 1044: 998: 983: 967: 905: 889: 664: 652: 640: 628: 620: 608: 596: 584: 462:International Committee of the Red Cross 340: 328: 316: 305: 294: 7289:Homeless shelters in the United Kingdom 6531:History of the World's Alliance of YMCA 6505:"YMCA changes its logo to just 'The Y'" 6316: 6240: 5596:Fédération Internationale de Volleyball 4669: 4642:. Bibliographical Center for Research. 4539: 4380: 4378: 4376: 4190:. World Alliance of YMCAs. 10 July 2018 4159:Fédération Internationale de Volleyball 2559:In 1947, the YMCA was the venue of the 1367: 7261: 4451: 4339: 4236:Ferentinos, Susan (16 December 2014). 1136: 944:. It was attended by guests including 724:Within ten days of the declaration of 417:. Later that year there were YMCAs in 7329:Tourist accommodations in Switzerland 6798: 6528: 6044: 6042: 6040: 5811: 5809: 5694: 5692: 5690: 5688: 5554: 5550: 5548: 5445: 5318:Michelle Malkin (12 September 2003). 5244: 5240: 5238: 5212: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5204: 4688:– via journals.openedition.org. 4318: 4281: 4208: 2777:, founder and president of the first 2122:YWCA-YMCA Guides and Scouts of Norway 1646:. Naismith and his wife attended the 657:A postcard photograph of the YMCA in 6652:from the original on 9 October 2022. 6602:History of the YMCA in North America 6583:(University of Hawai’i Press, 2020) 6171:"YMCA Gaza: thriving beyond despair" 5925:Henderson, Jim (22 September 1956). 5681:from the original on 9 October 2022. 5603:from the original on 4 December 2022 5421:. Oxford University Press. pp. 4760:. Diving History.com. Archived from 4758:"History of YMCA Underwater Program" 4698: 4635: 4373: 4335: 4333: 4209:Heath, Gordon L. (31 October 2016). 2528:, the British High Commissioner for 2463:was started with the support of the 2358:adding citations to reliable sources 2329: 841:In 1973, the Sixth World Council in 633:A self-defence class at the YMCA in 6415: 6273:"The YMCAs of Quebec - Our History" 6010:YMCA of Hong Kong Christian College 5872:"Mr. Crocker Will Be Sent To China" 5623:"Another Letter From J. H. Crocker" 5247:"How The YMCA Helped Shape America" 4998: 4151: 2855: 2106:YMCA of Hong Kong Christian College 1928:Active YMCA organizations exist in 1097:A YMCA with residential housing in 963: 852:In 1976, YMCA of the USA appointed 321:A historical marker at the YMCA in 13: 7166:Pakistan Youth Hostels Association 7035:Youth Hostels Association of India 6695: 6594:35.2 (2001): 397-407, in England. 6037: 5974:from the original on 29 April 2023 5939:from the original on 18 April 2023 5935:. Brantford, Ontario. p. 18. 5884:from the original on 28 April 2023 5817:"Africa YMCA | Vision and Mission" 5806: 5685: 5655:"Africa Alliance of YMCAs website" 5635:from the original on 28 April 2023 5545: 5465: 5235: 5201: 4670:Zeitoun, Sabine (1 January 2011). 4099:List of recreational organizations 2795:World Student Christian Federation 2034:National Council of YMCAs of India 1203:with the establishment in 1889 of 497:World Student Christian Federation 14: 7340: 7319:Organizations established in 1844 6856:Hostelling International – Canada 6710: 5911:. Toronto, Ontario. pp. 1–2. 5555:Lyons, Stephanie (18 July 2008). 5489:The Complete Book of the Olympics 5446:Smith, Daniel (30 January 2018). 5174:"McGaw YMCA – Evanston, Illinois" 5038: 4755: 4330: 4306:Young Men's Christian Association 2046:YMCA Headquarters in Peking, now 1859:The Africa Alliance of YMCAs logo 1638:(1895–1905) and representing the 1537:Sports offered at YMCA's include 1453:, Uruguay, invented the sport of 1188:as the first residential camp in 1088: 345:An advertisement for the YMCA in 222:Young Men's Christian Association 187:Young Men's Christian Association 6782: 6770: 6758: 6705:. London: Jubilee Council. 1895. 5320:"P.C. vs. the Indian Princesses" 5272:"YMCA Timeline : 1880–1899" 5067:Administrative Science Quarterly 4950:. Green Bay YMCA. Archived from 4705:. University of Illinois Press. 4288: 4072: 4043: 4014: 3985: 3956: 3927: 3898: 3869: 3840: 3811: 3782: 3753: 3724: 3695: 3666: 3637: 3608: 3579: 3550: 3521: 3492: 3463: 3434: 3405: 3376: 3347: 3318: 3289: 3260: 3231: 3202: 3173: 3144: 3115: 3086: 3057: 3028: 2999: 2970: 2941: 2872:UN Sustainable Development Goals 2799:1910 World Missionary Conference 2662:YMCA's Beaver Hut poster in 1939 2627:YMCA of Metropolitan Chattanooga 2614: 2578: 2334: 2264: 1798:is another YMCA invented sport. 1705:, and the 23rd Street Branch in 1419:, a Canadian American, invented 287:George Williams (philanthropist) 6993:German Youth Hostel Association 6678:Journal of religion and society 6529:Shedd, Clarence Prouty (1955). 6522: 6497: 6483: 6465: 6440: 6409: 6389: 6364: 6265: 6254: 6214: 6188: 6160: 6134: 6095: 6026: 6015: 6003: 5986: 5864: 5839: 5776: 5750: 5710: 5661: 5647: 5615: 5583: 5574: 5520: 5495: 5480: 5439: 5387:Rosenberg, Tina (3 July 2014). 5380: 5359: 5334: 5290: 5264: 5147: 5093: 5058: 5032: 4992: 4966: 4940: 4914: 4884: 4862: 4728: 4719: 4699:Ryan, Donna F. (11 June 1996). 4692: 4663: 4604: 4588:. 18 April 2007. Archived from 4578: 4558: 4533: 4508: 4490: 4391: 4342:A Dictionary of British History 2503:sessions to decide the fate of 2345:needs additional citations for 2305:'s first YMCA branch opened in 2004:. Associate movements exist in 1640:United States Olympic Committee 1499:. YMCA Press published some of 885: 732:(for which she was appointed a 677:YMCA was an early influence on 605:, noting its 1904 establishment 580: 325:, noting its 1851 establishment 280: 224:. The organization aims to put 7274:1844 establishments in England 6533:. London. pp. Appendix 1. 6033:https://ymca.org.uk/locations/ 5474:The Statesman of Salem, Oregon 4924:. 14 July 2010. Archived from 4452:Turner, Eugene A. Jr. (1985). 4358: 4256: 4229: 4202: 4180: 2439: 1784: 1215:Children's and family programs 918:In 2002, the World Council in 625:A Canadian YMCA poster in 1914 259:Young Men's Hebrew Association 196:, sometimes regionally called 1: 7314:Organisations based in Geneva 7309:Men's religious organizations 7284:Christian youth organizations 7279:Christian temperance movement 6670:46#3 2019, pp. 363–379. 6660:20#2 1993, pp. 151–166. 6053:. University of Texas Press. 5367:"Coalition YMCA Universities" 5245:Weeks, Linton (2 June 2015). 4365:Finnegan, Diarmid A. (2011). 4215:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. 4168: 3773:Ninth and 10th World Council 2860:At the 20th World Council in 2670:The Ketchum Downtown YMCA in 2483:The YMCA teaches youth about 2259:National Archives of Scotland 1809: 1683: 1596: 1476: 1338:offer day and evening courses 942:Sustainable Development Goals 470:Exposition Universelle (1855) 350: 7219:Hostelling International USA 7082:Khan al-Tujjar (Mount Tabor) 4636:Mayo, Katherine (May 2009). 4367:Journal of Victorian Culture 4242:. Rowman & Littlefield. 4173: 2522:Jerusalem International YMCA 2269: 2085: 2070:In 1911, the YMCA appointed 1611:was invented at the YMCA in 7: 7203:Swedish Tourist Association 6613:Canadian Journal of History 6556:Sources and further reading 5904: 5528:"YMCA and Early Gymnastics" 5188:"Berkeley, California YMCA" 5155:"Glendale, California YMCA" 4454:"100 Years of YMCA Camping" 4344:. Oxford University Press. 4087: 2769:in 1863, and inspiring the 2752:Nobel Peace Prize laureates 2609:Library and Archives Canada 1828:, an instructor at YMCA in 1576: 1506: 1287:Youngstown State University 1245:Sir George Williams College 1141:YMCAs offer classes in the 645:A fireplace at the YMCA in 240:non-governmental federation 10: 7347: 6636:Muukkonen, Martti (2002). 6563:Higher Education in Review 6324:"YMCA Canada - Who We Are" 6294:"YMCA Canada - Who We Are" 6200:Kautz Family YMCA Archives 4478:. Vintpix.com. 4 July 2009 4426:. Ymca.net. Archived from 4114:Police Citizens Youth Club 2624: 2618: 2589: 2286:YMCA developed in 1893 in 2274:YMCA developed in 1902 in 2198:United Kingdom and Ireland 2172: 2126: 2115: 2089: 2031: 1848: 1839: 1822:Springfield, Massachusetts 1813: 1788: 1687: 1665: 1658:as a contributor in 1959. 1613:Springfield, Massachusetts 1600: 1530: 1480: 1425:Springfield, Massachusetts 1398:Charleston, South Carolina 1156: 302:, who founded YMCA in 1844 284: 275: 29: 18: 7230: 7211: 7190: 7174: 7158: 7132: 7116: 7100: 7059: 7043: 7022: 7001: 6985: 6907:Greenhead, Northumberland 6874: 6848: 6832: 6701: 6600:Hopkins, Charles Howard. 6592:Journal of Social History 6202:. University of Minnesota 5274:. Ymca.ca. Archived from 4854:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 4813:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 4783:Richardson, Drew (1999). 4715:– via Google Books. 4324: 3106:Seventh World Conference 2847:Luther Gulick (physician) 2803:World Council of Churches 2607:Its archives are held by 2585: 2490: 2475:’s control following the 2398:Isthmian Canal Commission 2317: 2297: 2281: 2168: 2111: 2102:Chinese YMCA of Hong Kong 2092:Chinese YMCA of Hong Kong 1844: 1661: 1625:Luther Gulick (physician) 1526: 1409:Huntington, West Virginia 1346:YMCA Youth and Government 914:, Mongolia in August 2007 617:, founded by YMCA in 1907 567:Sussex County, New Jersey 493:World Council of Churches 401:YMCA was associated with 181: 167: 157: 147: 137: 127: 117: 106: 96: 85: 75: 57: 48: 7324:Protestant organizations 7238:Hostelling International 6902:Castle Horneck, Penzance 6734:about the importance of 6668:Journal of Sport History 6658:Journal of Sport History 5134:YMCA England & Wales 4516:"YMCA Through the Years" 4424:"US YMCA's history page" 4144: 4129:YMCA of Greater New York 3135:Eighth World Conference 3019:Fourth World Conference 2961:Second World Conference 2631:YMCA of Greater New York 2563:talks leading up to the 2436:Arequipa, and Trujillo. 2255:University of Birmingham 2065: 1511:The first YMCA included 1487:YMCA founded YMCA Press 1442:, invented the sport of 1005:Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 882:, racism, and HIV/AIDS. 478:That they all may be one 7145:Khan al-Tujjar (Nablus) 6967:Thurlby, South Kesteven 6942:King's House, Slaidburn 6937:Kielder, Northumberland 4540:Elliott, Wendy (2018). 4311:Encyclopædia Britannica 3164:Ninth World Conference 3077:Sixth World Conference 3048:Fifth World Conference 2990:Third World Conference 2932:First World Conference 2809: 2746:University of Minnesota 2702:after-school activities 2700:Major programs include 2600:opened as a charity in 2592:YMCA of Greater Toronto 2569:International Red Cross 2546:Shreve, Lamb and Harmon 2444: 2426: 2038:YMCA in South Australia 2027: 1656:Basketball Hall of Fame 1457:, an indoor version of 1376:The June 1919 cover of 1307:alternative high school 1291:Nashville School of Law 1253:Northeastern University 1041:Activities and services 954:María Fernanda Espinosa 946:Jayathma Wickramanayake 876:sustainable development 671:Allentown, Pennsylvania 63:; 180 years ago 6741:31 August 2013 at the 6622:58.2 (2003): 123–152. 6103:"Nosotros – YMCA Peru" 5669:"AAYMCA Annual Report" 5591:"History – Volleyball" 5005:www.christiantoday.com 4948:"History of YMCA logo" 4104:List of YMCA buildings 3715:Seventh World Council 3558:French Fourth Republic 3512:21st World Conference 3483:20th World Conference 3454:19th World Conference 3425:18th World Conference 3396:17th World Conference 3367:16th World Conference 3338:15th World Conference 3309:14th World Conference 3280:13th World Conference 3251:12th World Conference 3222:11th World Conference 3193:10th World Conference 2827: 2819: 2724:closeted individuals. 2686: 2674: 2663: 2655: 2643: 2520:was bequeathed to the 2512: 2456: 2327: 2223: 2211: 2190:("people") instead of 2150: 2139: 2062: 2050: 1871: 1860: 1830:Holyoke, Massachusetts 1804:Greenwich, Connecticut 1636:Amateur Athletic Union 1521:Christian discipleship 1501:Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 1440:Holyoke, Massachusetts 1412: 1400: 1389: 1381: 1283:East Lansing, Michigan 1271:Detroit College of Law 1265:Golden Gate University 1231:Education and academia 1177: 1166: 1105: 1085: 1074: 1063: 1053: 1007: 996: 981: 915: 903: 674: 662: 650: 638: 626: 618: 606: 594: 530: 517:Girl Scouts of the USA 356: 338: 326: 314: 303: 36:The Y (disambiguation) 34:. For other uses, see 23:. For other uses, see 6922:Holland House, London 6887:Barrow House, Cumbria 6689:Men and Masculinities 6615:37.2 (2002): 253–274. 6473:"YMCA Logo - History" 5507:www.usyouthfutsal.com 4892:"Challenge 21 - 1998" 4828:Kendrick, DF (2009). 4476:"YMCA Building Photo" 4340:Cannon, John (2015). 4094:Clean living movement 3744:Eighth World Council 3628:Fourth World Council 3570:Second World Council 3384:French Third Republic 2825: 2817: 2735:muscular Christianity 2680: 2669: 2661: 2652:Hollywood, California 2649: 2638: 2625:Further information: 2590:Further information: 2550:Empire State Building 2536:, purchased from the 2498: 2459:In 1952, the YMCA in 2452: 2325: 2245:YMCAs in England and 2217: 2205: 2145: 2134: 2116:Further information: 2056: 2045: 2032:Further information: 1909:followed by those in 1866: 1858: 1849:Further information: 1814:Further information: 1789:Further information: 1722:and horizontal bars, 1688:Further information: 1666:Further information: 1603:History of basketball 1601:Further information: 1531:Further information: 1406: 1395: 1387: 1375: 1355:American students in 1172: 1164: 1096: 1080: 1069: 1059: 1048: 1010:A federated model of 1002: 987: 971: 909: 902:, Canada in July 2007 893: 691:Boy Scouts of America 668: 656: 644: 632: 624: 612: 600: 588: 525: 509:Boy Scouts of America 502:muscular Christianity 387:, and other trades." 369:Industrial Revolution 344: 332: 320: 309: 298: 291:Muscular Christianity 285:Further information: 233:muscular Christianity 25:YMCA (disambiguation) 6691:2.3 (2000): 272–285. 6509:The Washington Times 6403:4 March 2013 at the 6082:archives.lib.umn.edu 6022:https://ymca.org.uk/ 5903:National Council of 5346:www.ymcatriangle.org 5161:on 27 September 2007 4870:"Kampala Principles" 4616:Imperial War Museums 4464:– via umn.edu. 4009:Estes Park, Colorado 3748:Estes Park, Colorado 3686:Sixth World Council 3657:Fifth World Council 3599:Third World Council 3541:First World Council 3065:Second French Empire 2949:Second French Empire 2779:French peace society 2542:Arthur Loomis Harmon 2394:John Findley Wallace 2354:improve this article 1867:YMCA Accra Ghana in 1716:Salem, Massachusetts 1648:1936 Summer Olympics 1583:competitive swimming 1380:, a YMCA publication 1368:Health and wellbeing 1241:Concordia University 730:Clementine Churchill 7304:Men's organizations 7182:Hostelling Scotland 6422:gaybookreviews.info 6334:on 24 November 2015 6304:on 24 November 2015 5998:History at a Glance 5967:Brantford Expositor 5932:Brantford Expositor 5877:Brantford Expositor 5764:. 14 September 2009 5706:. 8 September 2023. 5628:Brantford Expositor 5452:Courier & Press 5413:Marc Raeff (1990). 4902:on 21 December 2019 4764:on 15 December 2010 4685:10.4000/dhfles.2108 4063:20th World Council 4034:19th World Council 4005:18th World Council 3976:17th World Council 3947:16th World Council 3918:15th World Council 3889:14th World Council 3860:13th World Council 3831:12th World Council 3802:11th World Council 2884:Collective Mission: 2641:Onalaska, Wisconsin 2548:, who designed the 2485:religious tolerance 2409:William Howard Taft 2180:YWCA-YMCA of Sweden 2175:YWCA-YMCA of Sweden 1896:African Renaissance 1751:Salem State College 1429:Springfield College 1427:(later to be named 1261:Franklin University 1237:Springfield College 1137:Arts and humanities 795:Springfield College 717:of the Old City of 687:Robert Baden-Powell 45: 7108:Haut de la Garenne 7077:The Heritage House 6962:St Briavels Castle 6882:Baden-Powell House 6866:Ottawa Jail Hostel 6628:Macleod, David I. 6416:Johnson, David K. 6372:"Welcome to the Y" 6228:on 17 January 2017 6148:. 16 November 2001 5821:www.africaymca.org 5476:. 7 February 1931. 4571:The London Gazette 4268:www.jolietymca.org 4134:YMCA SCUBA Program 3036:Kingdom of Prussia 2890:Pillars of Impact: 2878:Collective Vision: 2828: 2820: 2771:Geneva Conventions 2687: 2675: 2664: 2656: 2644: 2596:The first YMCA in 2513: 2457: 2402:Theodore Roosevelt 2328: 2312:Mexican Revolution 2224: 2212: 2151: 2140: 2063: 2051: 1872: 1861: 1644:1908 Olympic Games 1533:YMCA Baseball Team 1413: 1401: 1396:A YMCA library in 1390: 1382: 1350:state legislatures 1205:Big Cove YMCA Camp 1194:Westport, New York 1178: 1175:Huguenot, New York 1167: 1106: 1086: 1075: 1064: 1054: 1008: 997: 982: 916: 904: 829:diving instructors 787:Japanese Americans 785:and in supporting 772:United States Army 746:Olave Baden-Powell 681:that began in the 675: 663: 651: 639: 627: 619: 607: 595: 575:Westport, New York 544:American Civil War 464:and win the first 357: 339: 327: 315: 304: 216:on 6 June 1844 by 202:youth organization 43: 7256: 7255: 6875:England and Wales 6680:7 (2005) pp 7–21. 6448:"YMCA of the USA" 6222:"Archibald Harte" 5909:The News Bulletin 5794:on 10 August 2016 5432:978-0-19-505683-9 5107:. 1 November 2019 4954:on 6 January 2019 4456:. YMCA of the USA 4369:. pp. 46–64. 4085: 4084: 3632:Gotemba, Shizuoka 2866:YMCA Vision 2030. 2790:Nobel Peace Prize 2765:for founding the 2763:Nobel Peace Prize 2742:Kautz Family YMCA 2683:Winona, Minnesota 2565:UN Partition Plan 2507:were held at the 2390:Panama Canal Zone 2386: 2385: 2378: 2098:YMCA of Hong Kong 2072:J. Howard Crocker 1834:J. Howard Crocker 1826:William G. Morgan 1726:, mat exercises, 1711:Robert J. Roberts 1465:, basketball and 1436:William G. Morgan 980:in September 1914 854:Violet King Henry 699:Edgar M. Robinson 466:Nobel Peace Prize 415:Hyde Park, London 403:industrialisation 200:, is a worldwide 191: 190: 139:Secretary General 101:International NGO 7336: 7117:Northern Ireland 7092:Sidna Ali Mosque 6972:Wilderhope Manor 6861:Ocean Island Inn 6819: 6812: 6805: 6796: 6795: 6787: 6786: 6785: 6775: 6774: 6773: 6763: 6762: 6754: 6727: 6722: 6721: 6719:Official website 6706: 6653: 6651: 6644: 6576:1994 11#1: 42-62 6565:6.1 (2009): 33+ 6549: 6548: 6542: 6534: 6526: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6515: 6501: 6495: 6494: 6487: 6481: 6480: 6469: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6458: 6444: 6438: 6437: 6435: 6433: 6428:on 16 March 2012 6424:. Archived from 6413: 6407: 6393: 6387: 6386: 6384: 6382: 6368: 6362: 6361: 6360:. 11 April 2017. 6350: 6344: 6343: 6341: 6339: 6330:. Archived from 6320: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6300:. Archived from 6290: 6281: 6280: 6269: 6263: 6258: 6252: 6247: 6238: 6237: 6235: 6233: 6224:. Archived from 6218: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6207: 6192: 6186: 6185: 6183: 6181: 6169:(12 July 2021). 6164: 6158: 6157: 6155: 6153: 6138: 6132: 6131: 6120: 6111: 6110: 6099: 6093: 6092: 6090: 6088: 6074: 6065: 6064: 6046: 6035: 6030: 6024: 6019: 6013: 6007: 6001: 5990: 5984: 5983: 5981: 5979: 5958: 5949: 5948: 5946: 5944: 5922: 5913: 5912: 5900: 5894: 5893: 5891: 5889: 5868: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5857: 5851:www.facebook.com 5843: 5837: 5836: 5834: 5832: 5823:. Archived from 5813: 5804: 5803: 5801: 5799: 5790:. Archived from 5780: 5774: 5773: 5771: 5769: 5754: 5748: 5747: 5741: 5733: 5731: 5729: 5714: 5708: 5707: 5696: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5673: 5665: 5659: 5658: 5651: 5645: 5644: 5642: 5640: 5619: 5613: 5612: 5610: 5608: 5587: 5581: 5578: 5572: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5552: 5543: 5542: 5540: 5538: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5513: 5503:"Futsal History" 5499: 5493: 5492: 5484: 5478: 5477: 5469: 5463: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5443: 5437: 5436: 5420: 5410: 5404: 5403: 5401: 5399: 5384: 5378: 5377: 5375: 5373: 5363: 5357: 5356: 5354: 5352: 5338: 5332: 5331: 5329: 5327: 5315: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5304: 5294: 5288: 5287: 5285: 5283: 5268: 5262: 5261: 5259: 5257: 5242: 5233: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5214: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5194: 5184: 5182: 5180: 5170: 5168: 5166: 5157:. Archived from 5151: 5145: 5144: 5142: 5140: 5126: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5097: 5091: 5090: 5062: 5056: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5036: 5030: 5029: 5023: 5015: 5013: 5011: 4996: 4990: 4989: 4987: 4985: 4970: 4964: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4944: 4938: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4918: 4912: 4911: 4909: 4907: 4898:. Archived from 4888: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4866: 4860: 4859: 4853: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4825: 4819: 4818: 4812: 4804: 4802: 4800: 4780: 4774: 4773: 4771: 4769: 4753: 4747: 4746: 4744: 4742: 4732: 4726: 4723: 4717: 4716: 4696: 4690: 4689: 4687: 4667: 4661: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4633: 4627: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4608: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4592:on 18 April 2007 4582: 4576: 4575: 4562: 4556: 4555: 4537: 4531: 4530: 4528: 4526: 4512: 4506: 4505: 4494: 4488: 4487: 4485: 4483: 4472: 4466: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4449: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4430:on 10 March 2010 4420: 4411: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4395: 4389: 4382: 4371: 4370: 4362: 4356: 4355: 4337: 4328: 4322: 4316: 4315: 4294: 4292: 4291: 4285: 4279: 4278: 4276: 4274: 4260: 4254: 4253: 4233: 4227: 4226: 4206: 4200: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4184: 4162: 4155: 4078: 4076: 4075: 4049: 4047: 4046: 4020: 4018: 4017: 3991: 3989: 3988: 3962: 3960: 3959: 3933: 3931: 3930: 3904: 3902: 3901: 3875: 3873: 3872: 3846: 3844: 3843: 3817: 3815: 3814: 3788: 3786: 3785: 3759: 3757: 3756: 3730: 3728: 3727: 3701: 3699: 3698: 3672: 3670: 3669: 3643: 3641: 3640: 3614: 3612: 3611: 3585: 3583: 3582: 3556: 3554: 3553: 3527: 3525: 3524: 3498: 3496: 3495: 3469: 3467: 3466: 3440: 3438: 3437: 3411: 3409: 3408: 3382: 3380: 3379: 3353: 3351: 3350: 3324: 3322: 3321: 3295: 3293: 3292: 3266: 3264: 3263: 3237: 3235: 3234: 3208: 3206: 3205: 3179: 3177: 3176: 3150: 3148: 3147: 3121: 3119: 3118: 3092: 3090: 3089: 3063: 3061: 3060: 3034: 3032: 3031: 3005: 3003: 3002: 2976: 2974: 2973: 2947: 2945: 2944: 2906: 2905: 2856:YMCA Vision 2030 2721:Washington, D.C. 2573:Count Bernadotte 2406:Secretary of War 2381: 2374: 2370: 2367: 2361: 2338: 2330: 2238:. When YMCAs in 1652:physical fitness 1489:publishing house 1165:YMCA Camp Bernie 1123:American culture 1051:Washington, D.C. 964:Global structure 791:internment camps 736:(CBE) in 1918), 649:in December 1932 613:Hotel Arthur in 411:Great Exhibition 355: 352: 226:Christian values 177: 174: 71: 69: 64: 61:6 June 1844 53: 46: 42: 7346: 7345: 7339: 7338: 7337: 7335: 7334: 7333: 7259: 7258: 7257: 7252: 7226: 7207: 7186: 7170: 7154: 7128: 7112: 7096: 7055: 7039: 7018: 6997: 6981: 6917:Hartington Hall 6870: 6844: 6828: 6823: 6793: 6783: 6781: 6771: 6769: 6757: 6749: 6743:Wayback Machine 6736:YMCA to Chicago 6717: 6716: 6713: 6698: 6696:Primary sources 6649: 6642: 6558: 6553: 6552: 6536: 6535: 6527: 6523: 6513: 6511: 6503: 6502: 6498: 6489: 6488: 6484: 6471: 6470: 6466: 6456: 6454: 6446: 6445: 6441: 6431: 6429: 6414: 6410: 6405:Wayback Machine 6394: 6390: 6380: 6378: 6370: 6369: 6365: 6352: 6351: 6347: 6337: 6335: 6322: 6321: 6317: 6307: 6305: 6292: 6291: 6284: 6271: 6270: 6266: 6259: 6255: 6248: 6241: 6231: 6229: 6220: 6219: 6215: 6205: 6203: 6194: 6193: 6189: 6179: 6177: 6165: 6161: 6151: 6149: 6140: 6139: 6135: 6122: 6121: 6114: 6101: 6100: 6096: 6086: 6084: 6076: 6075: 6068: 6061: 6047: 6038: 6031: 6027: 6020: 6016: 6008: 6004: 5992:YMCA Hong Kong 5991: 5987: 5977: 5975: 5960: 5959: 5952: 5942: 5940: 5923: 5916: 5901: 5897: 5887: 5885: 5870: 5869: 5865: 5855: 5853: 5845: 5844: 5840: 5830: 5828: 5827:on 11 June 2016 5815: 5814: 5807: 5797: 5795: 5782: 5781: 5777: 5767: 5765: 5756: 5755: 5751: 5735: 5734: 5727: 5725: 5715: 5711: 5704:www.lib.umn.edu 5698: 5697: 5686: 5678: 5671: 5667: 5666: 5662: 5653: 5652: 5648: 5638: 5636: 5621: 5620: 5616: 5606: 5604: 5589: 5588: 5584: 5579: 5575: 5565: 5563: 5553: 5546: 5536: 5534: 5526: 5525: 5521: 5511: 5509: 5501: 5500: 5496: 5485: 5481: 5471: 5470: 5466: 5456: 5454: 5444: 5440: 5433: 5411: 5407: 5397: 5395: 5385: 5381: 5371: 5369: 5365: 5364: 5360: 5350: 5348: 5340: 5339: 5335: 5325: 5323: 5316: 5312: 5302: 5300: 5296: 5295: 5291: 5281: 5279: 5278:on 3 April 2007 5270: 5269: 5265: 5255: 5253: 5243: 5236: 5226: 5224: 5216: 5215: 5202: 5192: 5190: 5186: 5178: 5176: 5172: 5164: 5162: 5153: 5152: 5148: 5138: 5136: 5130:"Accommodation" 5128: 5127: 5120: 5110: 5108: 5099: 5098: 5094: 5079:10.2307/2390900 5073:(#2): 214–234. 5063: 5059: 5049: 5047: 5037: 5033: 5017: 5016: 5009: 5007: 4997: 4993: 4983: 4981: 4980:. 8 August 2018 4972: 4971: 4967: 4957: 4955: 4946: 4945: 4941: 4931: 4929: 4920: 4919: 4915: 4905: 4903: 4890: 4889: 4885: 4875: 4873: 4868: 4867: 4863: 4847: 4846: 4839: 4837: 4826: 4822: 4806: 4805: 4798: 4796: 4781: 4777: 4767: 4765: 4754: 4750: 4740: 4738: 4734: 4733: 4729: 4724: 4720: 4713: 4697: 4693: 4678:(46): 123–144. 4668: 4664: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4634: 4630: 4620: 4618: 4610: 4609: 4605: 4595: 4593: 4584: 4583: 4579: 4563: 4559: 4552: 4538: 4534: 4524: 4522: 4514: 4513: 4509: 4496: 4495: 4491: 4481: 4479: 4474: 4473: 4469: 4459: 4457: 4450: 4443: 4433: 4431: 4422: 4421: 4414: 4404: 4402: 4397: 4396: 4392: 4383: 4374: 4363: 4359: 4352: 4338: 4331: 4323: 4319: 4304:, ed. (1911). " 4289: 4287: 4286: 4282: 4272: 4270: 4262: 4261: 4257: 4250: 4234: 4230: 4223: 4207: 4203: 4193: 4191: 4186: 4185: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4165: 4156: 4152: 4147: 4139:Y.M.C.A. (song) 4090: 4073: 4071: 4044: 4042: 4015: 4013: 3986: 3984: 3957: 3955: 3928: 3926: 3899: 3897: 3870: 3868: 3841: 3839: 3812: 3810: 3783: 3781: 3754: 3752: 3725: 3723: 3696: 3694: 3667: 3665: 3638: 3636: 3609: 3607: 3580: 3578: 3551: 3549: 3522: 3520: 3493: 3491: 3464: 3462: 3435: 3433: 3406: 3404: 3377: 3375: 3348: 3346: 3319: 3317: 3290: 3288: 3261: 3259: 3232: 3230: 3203: 3201: 3174: 3172: 3145: 3143: 3116: 3114: 3087: 3085: 3058: 3056: 3029: 3027: 3000: 2998: 2971: 2969: 2942: 2940: 2858: 2812: 2754: 2633: 2623: 2621:YMCA of the USA 2617: 2594: 2588: 2581: 2554:Voice of Israel 2493: 2447: 2442: 2429: 2382: 2371: 2365: 2362: 2351: 2339: 2320: 2300: 2284: 2272: 2267: 2208:First World War 2200: 2177: 2171: 2129: 2124: 2114: 2094: 2088: 2068: 2057:YMCA Mysore in 2040: 2030: 1853: 1847: 1842: 1818: 1812: 1793: 1787: 1692: 1686: 1670: 1664: 1623:winter months. 1605: 1599: 1579: 1535: 1529: 1509: 1485: 1479: 1388:War Relief YMCA 1378:Association Men 1370: 1255:began out of a 1233: 1217: 1207:in Merigomish, 1173:A YMCA camp in 1159: 1147:performing arts 1139: 1091: 1043: 966: 888: 872:gender equality 763:Yip Yip Yaphank 738:Oswald Chambers 711:Y. C. James Yen 695:German Scouting 583: 361:George Williams 353: 300:George Williams 293: 283: 278: 218:George Williams 184: 183:Formerly called 171: 160: 150: 140: 130: 120: 80:George Williams 67: 65: 62: 39: 28: 21:Y.M.C.A. (song) 17: 12: 11: 5: 7344: 7343: 7332: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7316: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7254: 7253: 7251: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7234: 7232: 7228: 7227: 7225: 7224: 7221: 7215: 7213: 7209: 7208: 7206: 7205: 7200: 7194: 7192: 7188: 7187: 7185: 7184: 7178: 7176: 7172: 7171: 7169: 7168: 7162: 7160: 7156: 7155: 7153: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7136: 7134: 7130: 7129: 7127: 7126: 7120: 7118: 7114: 7113: 7111: 7110: 7104: 7102: 7098: 7097: 7095: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7063: 7061: 7057: 7056: 7054: 7053: 7047: 7045: 7041: 7040: 7038: 7037: 7032: 7026: 7024: 7020: 7019: 7017: 7016: 7011: 7005: 7003: 6999: 6998: 6996: 6995: 6989: 6987: 6983: 6982: 6980: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6878: 6876: 6872: 6871: 6869: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6852: 6850: 6846: 6845: 6843: 6842: 6836: 6834: 6830: 6829: 6822: 6821: 6814: 6807: 6799: 6792: 6791: 6779: 6777:United Kingdom 6767: 6747: 6746: 6728: 6712: 6711:External links 6709: 6708: 6707: 6697: 6694: 6693: 6692: 6685: 6674: 6664: 6654: 6633: 6626: 6616: 6609: 6598: 6588: 6577: 6570: 6557: 6554: 6551: 6550: 6521: 6496: 6482: 6464: 6439: 6408: 6388: 6363: 6345: 6315: 6282: 6264: 6253: 6239: 6213: 6187: 6159: 6133: 6112: 6094: 6066: 6060:978-1477310427 6059: 6036: 6025: 6014: 6002: 5985: 5950: 5914: 5895: 5863: 5847:"YMCA Namibia" 5838: 5805: 5775: 5749: 5709: 5684: 5660: 5646: 5614: 5582: 5573: 5544: 5519: 5494: 5479: 5464: 5438: 5431: 5405: 5379: 5358: 5333: 5322:. Townhall.com 5310: 5289: 5263: 5234: 5200: 5146: 5118: 5092: 5057: 5039:Strub, Chris. 5031: 4991: 4965: 4939: 4928:on 9 June 2011 4913: 4883: 4861: 4820: 4775: 4748: 4727: 4718: 4711: 4691: 4662: 4648: 4628: 4603: 4577: 4557: 4550: 4532: 4507: 4489: 4467: 4441: 4412: 4390: 4372: 4357: 4350: 4329: 4317: 4302:Chisholm, Hugh 4280: 4255: 4248: 4228: 4221: 4201: 4178: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4164: 4163: 4149: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4142: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4089: 4086: 4083: 4082: 4069: 4064: 4061: 4058: 4054: 4053: 4040: 4035: 4032: 4029: 4025: 4024: 4011: 4006: 4003: 4000: 3996: 3995: 3982: 3977: 3974: 3971: 3967: 3966: 3953: 3948: 3945: 3942: 3938: 3937: 3924: 3919: 3916: 3913: 3909: 3908: 3895: 3890: 3887: 3884: 3880: 3879: 3877:United Kingdom 3866: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3851: 3850: 3837: 3832: 3829: 3826: 3822: 3821: 3808: 3803: 3800: 3797: 3793: 3792: 3779: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3764: 3763: 3750: 3745: 3742: 3739: 3735: 3734: 3721: 3716: 3713: 3710: 3706: 3705: 3692: 3687: 3684: 3681: 3677: 3676: 3674:United Kingdom 3663: 3658: 3655: 3652: 3648: 3647: 3634: 3629: 3626: 3623: 3619: 3618: 3605: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3590: 3589: 3576: 3571: 3568: 3565: 3561: 3560: 3547: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3532: 3531: 3518: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3503: 3502: 3489: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3474: 3473: 3460: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3445: 3444: 3431: 3426: 3423: 3420: 3416: 3415: 3402: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3387: 3386: 3373: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3358: 3357: 3344: 3339: 3336: 3333: 3329: 3328: 3315: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3300: 3299: 3286: 3281: 3278: 3275: 3271: 3270: 3257: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3242: 3241: 3228: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3213: 3212: 3199: 3194: 3191: 3188: 3184: 3183: 3170: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3155: 3154: 3141: 3136: 3133: 3130: 3126: 3125: 3112: 3107: 3104: 3101: 3097: 3096: 3083: 3078: 3075: 3072: 3068: 3067: 3054: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3039: 3038: 3025: 3020: 3017: 3014: 3010: 3009: 2996: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2981: 2980: 2967: 2962: 2959: 2956: 2952: 2951: 2938: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2923: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2857: 2854: 2811: 2808: 2807: 2806: 2782: 2775:Frédéric Passy 2753: 2750: 2619:Main article: 2616: 2613: 2587: 2584: 2580: 2577: 2492: 2489: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2428: 2425: 2384: 2383: 2342: 2340: 2333: 2319: 2316: 2299: 2296: 2283: 2280: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2228:United Kingdom 2199: 2196: 2173:Main article: 2170: 2167: 2128: 2125: 2113: 2110: 2090:Main article: 2087: 2084: 2067: 2064: 2029: 2026: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1811: 1808: 1786: 1783: 1732:weight lifting 1685: 1682: 1663: 1660: 1617:James Naismith 1598: 1595: 1578: 1575: 1573:, and others. 1528: 1525: 1508: 1505: 1481:Main article: 1478: 1475: 1417:James Naismith 1369: 1366: 1334:Cleveland YMCA 1257:YMCA in Boston 1232: 1229: 1216: 1213: 1158: 1155: 1138: 1135: 1127:Village People 1102:Columbus, Ohio 1090: 1089:Accommodations 1087: 1083:Newport, Wales 1070:A YMCA at the 1042: 1039: 988:A YMCA in the 972:A YMCA at the 965: 962: 939:United Nations 887: 884: 768:Frances Gulick 683:United Kingdom 582: 579: 571:Lake Champlain 563:Lake Wawayanda 381:city of London 347:Macon, Georgia 333:A YMCA gym in 282: 279: 277: 274: 270:Village People 189: 188: 185: 182: 179: 178: 169: 165: 164: 163:919,671 (2018) 161: 158: 155: 154: 151: 148: 145: 144: 141: 138: 135: 134: 131: 128: 125: 124: 121: 119:Region served 118: 115: 114: 108: 104: 103: 98: 94: 93: 87: 83: 82: 77: 73: 72: 59: 55: 54: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7342: 7341: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7266: 7264: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7235: 7233: 7229: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7212:United States 7210: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7195: 7193: 7189: 7183: 7180: 7179: 7177: 7173: 7167: 7164: 7163: 7161: 7157: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7140:Khan Al-Ahmar 7138: 7137: 7135: 7131: 7125: 7122: 7121: 7119: 7115: 7109: 7106: 7105: 7103: 7099: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7087:Khan al-Umdan 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7064: 7062: 7058: 7052: 7049: 7048: 7046: 7042: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7030:Nariman House 7028: 7027: 7025: 7021: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7006: 7004: 7000: 6994: 6991: 6990: 6988: 6984: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6912:Grinton Lodge 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6873: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6853: 6851: 6847: 6841: 6840:YHA Australia 6838: 6837: 6835: 6831: 6827: 6820: 6815: 6813: 6808: 6806: 6801: 6800: 6797: 6790: 6780: 6778: 6768: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6755: 6752: 6744: 6740: 6737: 6733: 6729: 6726: 6720: 6715: 6714: 6704: 6700: 6699: 6690: 6686: 6683: 6679: 6675: 6673: 6669: 6665: 6663: 6659: 6655: 6648: 6641: 6640: 6634: 6631: 6627: 6625: 6621: 6617: 6614: 6610: 6607: 6603: 6599: 6597: 6593: 6589: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6575: 6571: 6568: 6564: 6560: 6559: 6546: 6540: 6532: 6525: 6510: 6506: 6500: 6492: 6486: 6478: 6474: 6468: 6453: 6449: 6443: 6427: 6423: 6419: 6412: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6392: 6377: 6373: 6367: 6359: 6355: 6349: 6333: 6329: 6325: 6319: 6303: 6299: 6295: 6289: 6287: 6278: 6274: 6268: 6262: 6257: 6251: 6246: 6244: 6227: 6223: 6217: 6201: 6197: 6191: 6176: 6172: 6168: 6163: 6147: 6146:reliefweb.int 6143: 6137: 6129: 6125: 6119: 6117: 6108: 6104: 6098: 6083: 6079: 6073: 6071: 6062: 6056: 6052: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6034: 6029: 6023: 6018: 6011: 6006: 5999: 5995: 5989: 5973: 5969: 5968: 5963: 5957: 5955: 5938: 5934: 5933: 5928: 5921: 5919: 5910: 5906: 5899: 5883: 5879: 5878: 5873: 5867: 5852: 5848: 5842: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5812: 5810: 5793: 5789: 5785: 5779: 5763: 5759: 5753: 5745: 5739: 5724: 5720: 5713: 5705: 5701: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5677: 5670: 5664: 5656: 5650: 5634: 5630: 5629: 5624: 5618: 5602: 5598: 5597: 5592: 5586: 5577: 5562: 5558: 5551: 5549: 5533: 5529: 5523: 5508: 5504: 5498: 5490: 5483: 5475: 5468: 5453: 5449: 5442: 5434: 5428: 5424: 5419: 5418: 5409: 5394: 5390: 5383: 5368: 5362: 5347: 5343: 5337: 5321: 5314: 5299: 5298:"Our History" 5293: 5277: 5273: 5267: 5252: 5248: 5241: 5239: 5223: 5219: 5213: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5189: 5175: 5160: 5156: 5150: 5135: 5131: 5125: 5123: 5106: 5102: 5096: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5061: 5046: 5042: 5035: 5027: 5021: 5006: 5002: 4995: 4979: 4975: 4969: 4953: 4949: 4943: 4927: 4923: 4917: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4887: 4871: 4865: 4857: 4851: 4835: 4831: 4824: 4816: 4810: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4779: 4763: 4759: 4752: 4737: 4731: 4722: 4714: 4712:9780252065309 4708: 4704: 4703: 4695: 4686: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4666: 4651: 4649:9781110810208 4645: 4641: 4640: 4632: 4617: 4613: 4607: 4591: 4587: 4581: 4573: 4572: 4567: 4561: 4553: 4551:9781909382442 4547: 4543: 4536: 4521: 4517: 4511: 4503: 4499: 4493: 4477: 4471: 4455: 4448: 4446: 4429: 4425: 4419: 4417: 4400: 4399:"Paris Basis" 4394: 4387: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4368: 4361: 4353: 4351:9780191044809 4347: 4343: 4336: 4334: 4326: 4321: 4313: 4312: 4307: 4303: 4298: 4297:public domain 4284: 4269: 4265: 4259: 4251: 4249:9780759123748 4245: 4241: 4240: 4232: 4224: 4222:9781532601149 4218: 4214: 4213: 4205: 4189: 4183: 4179: 4160: 4154: 4150: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4091: 4081: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4062: 4059: 4056: 4055: 4052: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4033: 4030: 4027: 4026: 4023: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4004: 4001: 3998: 3997: 3994: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3975: 3972: 3969: 3968: 3965: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3939: 3936: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3917: 3914: 3911: 3910: 3907: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3888: 3885: 3882: 3881: 3878: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3859: 3856: 3853: 3852: 3849: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3823: 3820: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3801: 3798: 3795: 3794: 3791: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3765: 3762: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3740: 3737: 3736: 3733: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3714: 3711: 3708: 3707: 3704: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3685: 3682: 3679: 3678: 3675: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3653: 3650: 3649: 3646: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3627: 3624: 3621: 3620: 3617: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3591: 3588: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3562: 3559: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3533: 3530: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3504: 3501: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3475: 3472: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3447: 3446: 3443: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3417: 3414: 3413:German Empire 3403: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3392: 3389: 3388: 3385: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3359: 3356: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3330: 3327: 3326:German Empire 3316: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3301: 3298: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3272: 3269: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3250: 3247: 3244: 3243: 3240: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3218: 3215: 3214: 3211: 3210:German Empire 3200: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3186: 3185: 3182: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3156: 3153: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3127: 3124: 3123:German Empire 3113: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3099: 3098: 3095: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3076: 3073: 3070: 3069: 3066: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3047: 3044: 3041: 3040: 3037: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3011: 3008: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2982: 2979: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2953: 2950: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2924: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2908: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2885: 2881: 2879: 2875: 2873: 2868: 2867: 2863: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2843: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2824: 2816: 2804: 2800: 2797:in 1895, the 2796: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2755: 2749: 2747: 2743: 2738: 2736: 2732: 2731: 2725: 2722: 2718: 2717:Anthony Bowen 2714: 2709: 2707: 2703: 2698: 2696: 2692: 2691:United States 2684: 2679: 2673: 2668: 2660: 2653: 2648: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2628: 2622: 2615:United States 2612: 2610: 2605: 2603: 2599: 2598:North America 2593: 2583: 2579:North America 2576: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2557: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 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