163:
377:
Romania's spiritual life during the years of unrestrained
Stalinism. As a committed Stalinist, he was unconditionally devoted to the USSR and identified his own destiny with that of the "homeland of socialism". He participated in all the important meetings with Soviet representatives and delegates from other Eastern European countries, also coordinating the party's international relations and supervising cadre policy.
394:
the group that was most probable to win the battle". As "a true follower of Moscow's line, whatever its twist or turn, he grasped an opportunity to undermine
Gheorghiu-Dej and re-compose for himself the image of a fighter for intra-party democracy". Thinking that "a critical re-assessment of the Stalinist purges in Romania was inevitable", he aligned himself in opposition to Gheorghiu-Dej.
352:. Joining the Politburo after August 23, 1944, he participated in the anti-intelligentsia campaign, also publishing several articles and brochures under the pen name of Stănciulescu the following year. Between 1952 and 1954, he was intimately involved in the shadowy machinations that led to the downfall of
31:
372:
and from the exploitation and robbing of poor people, to acts of criminal espionage, these have been part of their agenda. This is why I think we have to proceed firmly. The devil take them—they will eventually be quiet; otherwise they will damage us, and not only us, but the entire camp of peace".
393:
called for a liberalisation, something that
Gheorghiu-Dej categorically rejected. He did not make his proposal out of genuinely reformist sentiments, but rather because "his enduring opportunism, his unsurpassed chameleon-type of political conduct materialized in his will to associate himself with
412:
After this, despite renewed professions of faith in
Gheorghiu-Dej, Chişinevschi had no chance of political survival, as the former surpassed him in ability and duplicity. During the June 28–29 and July 1–3, 1957 plenum of the Central Committee, the Chişinevschi-Constantinescu "factionalist group"
453:
printing works. It was here that
Gheorghiu-Dej, absolving himself of responsibility, denounced the alleged Pauker-Luca-Georgescu and Chișinevschi-Constantinescu factions as being responsible for Romania's worst Stalinist excesses. When Chișinevschi died of cancer in 1963, no obituary appeared in
376:
Chişinevschi, known among party members as Ioșka, was a consummate intriguer and opportunist, sycophantically subservient to his superiors, vindictive, and despotic toward his subordinates. He was the patron of an entire group of crude, narrow-minded and aggressive apparatchiks who dominated
367:
Despite his Jewish ethnicity, Chișinevschi frantically distanced himself from his origins and helped persecute Jews. For instance, on
January 14, 1953, he wrote: "The Jewish communities have always been a nest of thieves, of spies. The communities have always had
389:(which Chișinevschi attended), he zealously changed course and immediately began spreading insidious critical allusions about his old friend Gheorghiu-Dej, hoping to cover up his own past crimes and abuses. At the March 1956 plenary, he and
270:, sponsored his election to the PCR central committee. He had personal connections within the Soviet secret police, of which he was an agent (which he remained through the 1950s), infiltrating the PCR hierarchy's upper ranks.
413:(invented by Gheorghiu-Dej for propaganda purposes) was purged from the Politburo. In June 1960, the Third Congress of the Romanian Workers' Party (as the PCR was then called) did not re-elect him to the Central Committee.
309:, with its blatant falsifications, he looked no further than Stalin for ideological guidance. A devoted Comintern man, he was unconcerned with Romania's cultural and political history and context.
477:(1911–1981), a party member from 1930 and an activist during its underground years (whose last name he took). In 1946, she helped her husband secure the job of food-procurement officer for the
663:
718:
386:
482:
467:
134:
622:
854:
440:
518:
Tismăneanu 2003, p. 159. (He was already a party member, but the infiltration took the form of a
Bolshevisation meant to ensure obedience to Moscow's line.)
481:
in
Romania. From 1952 to 1954, she was on the Central Committee. In addition, she served as vice president of the Trade Union Confederation and of the
385:
For Chișinevschi, one's attitude toward the USSR was his most important criterion of
Leninist orthodoxy. Thus, when the Soviets changed course at the
864:
714:
344:, he participated in the staging of a plot that resulted in the latter's elimination and assassination, accusing him of being a collaborator of the
744:
844:
643:
889:
701:
420:
saw Chișinevschi, then vice president of the
Council of Ministers, as a potential interlocutor, but he rebuffed their calls for dialogue.
879:
849:
737:
312:
Arrested again in 1933, he was freed in 1936 and integrated into the secretariat of the Central Committee, becoming head of the
884:
774:
839:
824:
423:
At the November 30–December 5, 1961 central committee plenum, his former comrades cruelly humiliated him: Gheorghiu-Dej,
304:
859:
417:
401:, Chișinevschi and Constantinescu sought allies on the Politburo to topple Gheorghiu-Dej by majority vote; they drew
869:
819:
589:
762:
219:
357:
85:
597:
493:, where the latter died in the late 1980s. A fourth son, Iuri (b. 1945), still lived in Romania as of 2006.
447:
did not hesitate to accuse the man formerly celebrated as the "brain of the party", now the director of the
739:
Gheorghiu-Dej and the Romanian Workers' Party: From De-Sovietization to the Emergence of National Communism
478:
485:, and as deputy chair of the party's control commission (1955–1960). His eldest son, Milea, emigrated to
454:
Romania. In April 1968, Ceaușescu relished the opportunity to denounce him (along with Gheorghiu-Dej and
242:, he joined the PCR in 1928. Arrested that year (since the PCR had been banned in 1924), he went to the
874:
585:
251:
104:
829:
162:
190:
124:
699:
Final Report of the Presidential Commission for the Study of the Communist Dictatorship in Romania
472:
402:
340:, especially after 1942. Having navigated for several years between the party's Gheorghiu-Dej and
324:
Reconfirmed as a member of the PCR Central Committee in 1940, he was arrested that year, spending
139:
449:
416:
In late 1956, knowing about his dissent from Gheorghiu-Dej's line that March, the leaders of the
698:
834:
337:
227:
59:
754:
733:
618:
406:
455:
349:
814:
809:
766:
390:
273:
Chișinevschi came back to Romania with instructions from Moscow, helping to reorganize the
723:
424:
8:
428:
278:
345:
254:(his only ideological training) and was a participant at the Vth PCR Congress, held in
784:
770:
398:
369:
341:
780:
748:
593:
267:
705:
648:
405:, president of the party control commission to their side, but failed to capture
719:
Fără nici un sprijin din partea tovarășilor (Without Any Help from the Comrades)
623:"Cine a fost Liuba Chișinevschi? Ascensiunea și căderea unei amazoane comuniste"
436:
432:
231:
63:
803:
294:
329:
444:
325:
301:, a sort of thumbnail sketch of revolutionary theory; once he had read the
243:
239:
202:
333:
361:
668:
263:
353:
282:
223:
198:
114:
55:
277:
Department, the PCR's propaganda nucleus. During the party's years of
313:
286:
247:
182:
81:
30:
759:
Stalinism for All Seasons: A Political History of Romanian Communism
274:
255:
194:
186:
664:"Crematoriul "Cenușa", locul unde s-a stins flacăra comuniștilor"
290:
235:
179:
289:). He shunned real intellectual problems and the debates of the
490:
486:
259:
262:
in December 1931. The Comintern delegates to the congress,
526:
524:
201:
and culture from 1952 to 1955. He has been described as "
521:
661:
617:
336:camp, where he was among the closest associates of
586:"Rumanian Party Shuffle Echoes Shake-up in Moscow"
197:Department from 1948 to 1952 and was in charge of
193:(PCR) from 1944 to 1957, he served as head of its
466:After Chișinevschi's first wife died, he married
801:
745:Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
409:, who informed Gheorghiu-Dej of the conspiracy.
598:10891/osa:c4142ddb-3a73-4b52-bea7-4b6780060f01
779:
489:, while two other sons, Andrei and Gheorghe,
855:Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Romania)
246:upon his release in 1930. He attended the
662:Laurențiu Ungureanu (November 19, 2016).
297:. He was most influenced by the latter's
238:). Largely self-taught and a high-school
865:Romanian expatriates in the Soviet Union
802:
281:activity, he helped orient it toward
178:; 26 December 1905–1963) was a
845:Romanian Communist Party politicians
890:Collaborators with the Soviet Union
305:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
13:
418:Bucharest student movement of 1956
14:
901:
880:International Lenin School alumni
850:Deputy prime ministers of Romania
787:[Trial of the Zionists],
218:Chișinevschi was born to a poor
161:
29:
684:
655:
637:
611:
590:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
205:'s right-hand man in Romania".
763:University of California Press
578:
569:
560:
551:
542:
533:
512:
503:
458:) for Pătrășcanu's execution.
1:
885:Deaths from cancer in Romania
496:
213:
208:
7:
840:Jewish Romanian politicians
380:
319:
10:
906:
825:People from Beletsky Uyezd
252:International Lenin School
105:International Lenin School
86:Romanian People's Republic
860:Romanian Comintern people
479:Soviet army of occupation
461:
307:(Bolsheviks) Short Course
160:
155:
147:
130:
120:
110:
100:
92:
70:
37:
28:
21:
704:14 February 2007 at the
557:Tismăneanu 2003, p. 160.
530:Tismăneanu 2003, p. 159.
509:Tismăneanu 2003, p. 132.
299:The Problems of Leninism
293:left, instead idolizing
191:Romanian Communist Party
185:politician. The leading
125:Romanian Communist Party
575:Tismăneanu 2003, p. 157
483:Great National Assembly
397:Probably encouraged by
870:Romanian propagandists
785:"Procesul sioniștilor"
566:Tismăneanu 2002, p. 21
338:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
228:Bessarabia Governorate
60:Bessarabia Governorate
741:(Working Paper No.37)
403:Constantin Pîrvulescu
332:penitentiary and the
644:"The Doctor's Story"
621:(January 12, 2012).
391:Miron Constantinescu
316:party organization.
755:Vladimir Tismăneanu
734:Vladimir Tismăneanu
619:Vladimir Tismăneanu
441:Alexandru Sencovici
429:Ion Gheorghe Maurer
407:Alexandru Moghioroș
387:20th Party Congress
360:, and the trial of
358:Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu
356:, the execution of
16:Romanian politician
727:, October 4, 2005
468:Liuba Chișinevschi
456:Alexandru Drăghici
350:Siguranța Statului
348:'s secret police,
346:Kingdom of Romania
172:Iosif Chișinevschi
135:Liuba Chișinevschi
23:Iosif Chișinevschi
875:Jewish socialists
820:People from Bălți
775:978-0-520-23747-6
724:Jurnalul Național
425:Nicolae Ceaușescu
169:
168:
78:(aged 57–58)
897:
830:Bessarabian Jews
796:
749:Washington, D.C.
730:
711:
691:
688:
682:
681:
679:
677:
659:
653:
652:, March 25, 1957
641:
635:
634:
632:
630:
615:
609:
608:
606:
604:
592:. July 4, 1957.
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573:
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564:
558:
555:
549:
546:
540:
537:
531:
528:
519:
516:
510:
507:
476:
268:Dmitry Manuilsky
165:
143:
77:
52:26 December 1905
51:
49:
33:
19:
18:
905:
904:
900:
899:
898:
896:
895:
894:
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791:(in Romanian),
728:
715:Cristina Arvatu
709:
706:Wayback Machine
695:
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689:
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491:left for Israel
470:
464:
383:
322:
303:History of the
216:
211:
137:
121:Political party
101:Alma mater
88:
79:
75:
66:
53:
47:
45:
44:
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
903:
893:
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837:
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777:
752:
731:
712:
708:, p. 649
693:
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559:
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541:
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511:
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460:
382:
379:
321:
318:
285:(specifically
232:Russian Empire
215:
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207:
167:
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145:
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132:
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98:
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90:
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80:
72:
68:
67:
64:Russian Empire
54:
41:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
902:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
835:Moldovan Jews
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
807:
805:
794:
790:
786:
783:(July 2020),
782:
781:Teodor Wexler
778:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
753:
750:
746:
742:
740:
735:
732:
729:(in Romanian)
726:
725:
720:
716:
713:
710:(in Romanian)
707:
703:
700:
697:
696:
690:Final Report.
687:
672:(in Romanian)
671:
670:
665:
658:
651:
650:
645:
640:
625:(in Romanian)
624:
620:
614:
599:
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587:
581:
572:
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480:
474:
469:
459:
457:
452:
451:
450:Casa Scînteii
446:
442:
439:, Moghioroș,
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308:
306:
300:
296:
295:Joseph Stalin
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
234:(present-day
233:
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221:
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
181:
177:
176:Jakob Roitman
173:
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141:
136:
133:
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126:
123:
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116:
113:
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91:
87:
83:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
42:Jakob Roitman
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
795:(2): 118–122
792:
788:
758:
751:, 2002 (PDF)
738:
722:
686:
674:. Retrieved
667:
657:
647:
639:
627:. Retrieved
613:
601:. Retrieved
580:
571:
562:
553:
544:
535:
514:
505:
465:
448:
445:Valter Roman
437:Petre Borilă
433:Leonte Răutu
422:
415:
411:
396:
384:
375:
366:
342:Ștefan Foriș
326:World War II
323:
311:
302:
298:
272:
244:Soviet Union
217:
175:
171:
170:
115:propagandist
76:(1963-00-00)
815:1963 deaths
810:1905 births
471: [
362:Vasile Luca
279:underground
138: [
93:Nationality
804:Categories
676:August 25,
603:August 25,
497:References
399:Khrushchev
354:Ana Pauker
330:Caransebeş
283:Bolshevism
222:family in
214:Early life
199:propaganda
111:Occupation
48:1905-12-26
629:April 19,
370:Filderman
334:Târgu Jiu
314:Bucharest
287:Stalinism
248:Comintern
226:, in the
209:Biography
187:ideologue
183:communist
156:Signature
82:Bucharest
769:, 2003,
767:Berkeley
702:Archived
669:Adevărul
381:Downfall
320:In power
275:Agitprop
264:Béla Kun
256:Gorikovo
195:Agitprop
180:Romanian
148:Children
96:Romanian
789:Memoria
548:Wexler.
539:Arvatu.
328:in the
291:Marxist
240:dropout
236:Moldova
230:of the
189:of the
773:
721:", in
487:Canada
462:Family
260:Moscow
220:Jewish
203:Moscow
174:(born
131:Spouse
475:]
258:near
224:Bălți
142:]
56:Bălți
771:ISBN
678:2021
649:Time
631:2020
605:2021
266:and
74:1963
71:Died
38:Born
717:, "
594:hdl
250:'s
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793:31
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747:,
743:,
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666:.
646:,
588:.
523:^
473:ro
443:,
435:,
431:,
427:,
364:.
140:ro
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680:.
633:.
607:.
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151:4
50:)
46:(
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