868:
819:
37:
216:
2199:
1762:
1275:; Dainius Pῡras, Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health; Dubravka Šimonoviæ, Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences; Marta Santos Pais, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General on Violence against Children;
969:(Act 49 of 2003) allows intersex people to change the sex recorded on their official documents. An applicant must submit a medical report indicating that they are intersex as well as a report from a psychologist or social worker indicating that they have lived for at least two years in the corresponding gender role.
806:
In 2000, Gross helped to secure the first known mention of intersex in national law, with the inclusion of "intersex" within the definition of "sex" in the anti-discrimination law of the
Republic of South Africa. Subsequently, she helped to draft legislation on the Alteration of Sex Descriptors, and
915:(Act 4 of 2000) to include intersex within its definition of sex. Sex is one of the prohibited grounds under the act, which means that discrimination on the basis of sex is presumed to be unfair, and therefore prohibited, unless proven otherwise. The act provides that:
776:
have some of the same rights as other people, but with significant gaps in protection from non-consensual cosmetic medical interventions and protection from discrimination. The country was the first to explicitly include intersex people in anti-discrimination law.
1599:
1259:
858:
issued recommendations to guarantee bodily integrity and self-determination of intersex and other children, and ensure sanctions on perpetrators of harmful practices. The South
African government acknowledged that such practices occur in the country.
1489:
1593:
983:, the Constitutional Court ruled that it was unconstitutional for the state to deny to same-sex couples the ability to marry, and gave Parliament one year in which to rectify the situation. On 30 November 2006 the
1479:
1380:
911:
1331:
1170:
1456:
1221:
451:
434:
995:
In 2017, work commenced on a "Model Law on the rights of intersex persons in Africa". A first consultation meeting took place at the Centre for Human Rights at the
1260:
965:
1298:
69:
854:
joined other human rights institutions in condemning human rights violations on intersex people, including in medical settings. In 2016, the United
Nations
2352:
1268:
1370:
1570:
1289:"Intersex Awareness Day – Wednesday 26 October. End violence and harmful medical practices on intersex children and adults, UN and regional experts urge"
799:. Gross, an anti-apartheid and intersex activist, was a founder of Intersex South Africa, an autonomous intersex community organisation affiliated with
2789:
1276:
851:
1731:
1312:
1293:
265:
2582:
2237:
2107:
1155:
1327:
2922:
2698:
2367:
1538:
1205:
1121:
756:
2572:
1534:
1425:
1401:
1284:
3121:
2829:
2476:
2668:
2461:
1513:
1446:
1218:
1167:
2927:
2162:
1709:
1595:
Centre for Human Rights hosts first consultative meeting to discuss draft model law on the rights of intersex persons in Africa
900:
876:
691:
243:
59:
3126:
2097:
1628:
1147:
1078:
1044:
855:
616:
519:
187:
2589:
2562:
2466:
2102:
1889:
1849:
1726:
1696:
1616:
1355:
1264:
1066:
1032:
958:
792:
621:
429:
389:
260:
231:
192:
2436:
1178:
1129:
800:
649:
1239:
2630:
1675:
1288:
2703:
2650:
2625:
2537:
2441:
2230:
979:
921:'intersex' means a congenital sexual differentiation which is atypical, to whatever degree; 'sex' includes intersex;
2907:
2717:
2635:
2388:
2383:
2347:
1746:
945:. Prominent South African civic leaders, commentators, politicians, and activists characterised the controversy as
280:
1102:
2912:
2809:
2655:
2557:
2471:
2451:
2446:
1948:
1938:
458:
441:
1083:
1049:
2814:
2486:
2424:
2082:
2067:
1854:
1795:
1771:
1736:
977:
All couples can marry in South Africa, regardless of their characteristics. On 1 December 2005, in the case of
845:
827:
749:
601:
586:
394:
364:
326:
298:
270:
172:
157:
1560:
867:
2947:
2824:
2774:
2645:
2456:
2282:
2275:
1785:
1719:
1280:
311:
253:
3131:
2939:
2887:
2857:
2688:
2547:
2517:
2414:
2223:
2012:
2007:
1991:
1974:
1899:
1780:
1013:
531:
526:
506:
489:
424:
306:
102:
97:
1271:; UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment;
2784:
2764:
2615:
2032:
1986:
1969:
1800:
1273:
Juan MĂ©ndez, Special
Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment
1008:
818:
551:
501:
484:
331:
122:
3026:
2839:
2759:
2739:
2567:
2542:
2527:
2135:
2042:
1964:
1943:
938:
659:
561:
479:
471:
446:
132:
90:
2779:
2744:
2693:
2577:
2532:
2481:
2431:
2402:
2184:
2092:
2087:
2057:
2037:
2017:
1884:
742:
728:
611:
606:
576:
556:
536:
414:
182:
177:
147:
127:
107:
2892:
2882:
2804:
2749:
2729:
2678:
2505:
2491:
2362:
2270:
2077:
2062:
2052:
2047:
2027:
2022:
1704:
1442:
596:
581:
571:
566:
546:
541:
238:
167:
152:
142:
137:
117:
112:
3086:
3079:
2849:
2819:
2794:
2683:
2620:
2603:
2419:
2258:
2250:
1894:
419:
316:
2867:
2799:
2754:
2640:
2522:
1981:
1904:
1827:
1668:
1646:
1395:"Judicial Matters Amendment Act, No. 22 of 2005, Republic of South Africa, Vol. 487, Cape Town"
1200:
996:
496:
358:
810:
In
December 2017, African intersex activists published a statement setting out local demands.
3095:
3060:
3055:
2917:
2902:
2897:
2872:
2834:
2734:
2287:
1751:
1714:
1692:
1447:"Caster Semenya, South African runner subjected to gender test, gets tumultuous welcome home"
1419:"Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act No. 4 of 2000, as amended"
984:
841:
285:
248:
227:
49:
24:
1641:
1530:
1195:
1118:
2952:
2307:
2125:
1859:
681:
644:
399:
1418:
1394:
8:
3100:
3016:
2552:
1484:
880:
786:
321:
36:
2876:
2660:
2332:
1637:
1565:
1191:
942:
796:
1510:
2862:
2327:
2302:
2292:
2203:
2157:
1879:
1661:
1451:
1306:
409:
1272:
1929:
1375:
1371:"SA joins the global fight to stop unnecessary genital surgery on intersex babies"
1325:
1144:
937:
has an intersex condition. However, the controversy surrounding her treatment and
2342:
1517:
1480:"Gender row over Caster Semenya makes athlete into a South African cause celebre"
1225:
1174:
1151:
1125:
1106:
1345:
3038:
2337:
1914:
1741:
934:
713:
275:
3115:
3048:
2977:
2972:
1874:
1864:
1822:
1812:
1790:
639:
404:
353:
343:
2987:
2982:
2967:
2962:
2322:
2246:
2172:
2167:
1817:
1807:
1350:
987:
came into force; despite its title it does provide for same-sex marriages.
773:
701:
696:
348:
338:
41:
28:
3043:
2992:
2957:
2673:
2317:
2297:
2177:
1326:
United
Nations; Committee on the Rights of the Child (October 27, 2016).
706:
686:
2215:
894: Explicit protection on grounds of intersex within attribute of sex
3021:
3009:
2130:
1924:
1909:
1328:"Concluding observations on the second periodic report of South Africa"
912:
Promotion of
Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act, 2000
654:
1761:
1099:
215:
3033:
2357:
2152:
1869:
1620:
1070:
1036:
676:
3004:
2312:
1684:
835: Regulatory suspension of non-consensual medical interventions
769:
206:
2999:
1843:
383:
1168:"In memory of Sally Gross ISSA-Intersex Society of South Africa"
2142:
949:, as well as an affront to Semenya's privacy and human rights.
946:
718:
666:
1642:"Remembering Sally, and the intersex movement in South Africa"
1346:"Iranti.org: South Africa and the rights of intersex children"
1196:"Remembering Sally, and the intersex movement in South Africa"
2147:
1653:
1511:
Alteration of Sex
Description and Sex Status Act 49 of 2003
671:
1237:
813:
723:
888: Explicit protection on grounds of intersex status
1591:
1269:
966:
1478:
Sawer, Patrick; Berger, Sebastian (23 August 2009).
1100:
In Loving Memory of Founder and Friend - Sally Gross
50:
Protection of physical integrity and bodily autonomy
16:
Overview of intersex people's rights in South Africa
1471:
1531:"Amendments in ID Books & Birth Certificates"
1241:Public Statement by the African Intersex Movement
862:
3113:
1294:Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
1281:Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights
1277:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
852:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
791:Early and prominent intersex activists include
2231:
1669:
1156:Organisation Intersex International Australia
750:
1311:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1477:
1238:African Intersex Movement (December 2017),
952:
2238:
2224:
1676:
1662:
1561:"Parliament ordered to allow gay marriage"
826: Legal prohibition of non-consensual
757:
743:
35:
2245:
1592:University of Pretoria (April 26, 2017),
1585:
1285:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
1109:, intersex.org.za; accessed 27 July 2015.
1368:
866:
817:
1636:
1265:UN Committee on the Rights of the Child
1190:
1140:
1138:
1059:
1025:
3114:
1383:from the original on October 30, 2016.
1358:from the original on October 30, 2016.
1334:from the original on February 4, 2017.
1301:from the original on November 21, 2016
1253:
1212:
901:Discrimination against intersex people
814:Physical integrity and bodily autonomy
2219:
1657:
1615:
1541:from the original on 27 February 2017
1441:
1411:
1387:
1065:
1031:
2948:South African Bantu-speaking peoples
1602:from the original on January 4, 2018
1573:from the original on 12 October 2012
1135:
959:Legal recognition of intersex people
926:Act 4 of 2000, section 1, as amended
907:Judicial Matters Amendment Act, 2005
856:Committee on the Rights of the Child
1492:from the original on 26 August 2009
1459:from the original on 28 August 2009
1369:Collison, Carl (October 27, 2016).
1179:Intersex Trust Aotearoa New Zealand
1145:Eighth Day of Intersex: Sally Gross
1130:Organisation Intersex International
1055:from the original on 6 August 2011.
801:Organisation Intersex International
650:Genital modification and mutilation
13:
1621:"The journey from Selwyn to Sally"
1407:from the original on 23 July 2015.
1112:
1071:"The journey from Selwyn to Sally"
990:
214:
14:
3143:
1161:
1089:from the original on 27 May 2016.
980:Minister of Home Affairs v Fourie
2198:
2197:
1760:
1747:Sex characteristics (legal term)
1431:from the original on 2013-02-28.
281:Sex characteristics (legal term)
70:Changing M/F sex classifications
3122:Intersex rights in South Africa
1609:
1553:
1523:
1504:
1435:
1362:
1338:
1319:
1208:from the original on 2016-10-09
933:It is not known whether or not
875: Explicit protection from
1231:
1219:Updated feature article (2009)
1184:
1093:
863:Protection from discrimination
846:Intersex medical interventions
60:Protection from discrimination
1:
1019:
909:(Act 22 of 2005) amended the
3127:LGBTQ rights in South Africa
1992:International Intersex Forum
1781:Disorders of sex development
1683:
1261:UN Committee against Torture
1014:Human rights in South Africa
507:International Intersex Forum
307:Disorders of sex development
7:
1987:Intersex Day of Remembrance
1850:Civil society organizations
1009:LGBT rights in South Africa
1002:
972:
807:the Promotion of Equality.
502:Intersex Day of Remembrance
390:Civil society organizations
10:
3148:
1944:Sex verification in sports
1535:Department of Home Affairs
1037:"The struggle to be Sally"
956:
898:
839:
784:
780:
447:Sex verification in sports
3073:
2938:
2848:
2725:
2716:
2611:
2602:
2513:
2504:
2410:
2401:
2376:
2266:
2257:
2193:
2185:Sex differences in humans
2118:
2000:
1957:
1836:
1770:
1758:
1691:
86:
78:
68:
58:
48:
34:
23:
1705:Compulsory sterilization
1228:, intersex.org.za, 2009.
953:Identification documents
239:Compulsory sterilization
2669:State-owned enterprises
2368:Democratic South Africa
1119:Remembering Sally Gross
2163:Non-binary recognition
1982:Intersex Awareness Day
1905:Ancient Greek religion
1828:Sexual differentiation
997:University of Pretoria
939:sex verification tests
929:
896:
837:
692:Non-binary recognition
497:Intersex Awareness Day
359:Sexual differentiation
219:
2288:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
1855:Fictional characters‎
1796:Medical interventions
1752:Yogyakarta Principles
1737:Medical interventions
919:
905:In South Africa, the
870:
842:Intersex human rights
840:Further information:
828:medical interventions
821:
785:Further information:
395:Fictional characters‎
327:Medical interventions
286:Yogyakarta Principles
271:Medical interventions
218:
2923:World Heritage Sites
2699:Water and sanitation
2308:Mthethwa Paramountcy
1619:(21 February 2000).
1354:. October 26, 2016.
1287:(October 24, 2016),
1069:(21 February 2000).
1035:(23 February 2000).
682:Anti-gender movement
452:at the Olympic Games
3132:Law of South Africa
1837:Society and culture
1638:Mokoena, Nthabiseng
1569:. 1 December 2005.
1566:Mail & Guardian
1485:The Daily Telegraph
1400:. 11 January 2006.
1192:Mokoena, Nthabiseng
1181:, 17 February 2014.
881:sex characteristics
787:Intersex in history
378:Society and culture
2333:Transvaal Republic
1958:History and events
1516:2017-02-02 at the
1445:(26 August 2009).
1224:2014-03-18 at the
1173:2014-03-18 at the
1150:2014-03-18 at the
1132:, 21 February 2014
1124:2014-03-02 at the
1105:2014-03-18 at the
897:
838:
797:Nthabiseng Mokoena
220:
3109:
3108:
3069:
3068:
2712:
2711:
2704:Wealth inequality
2651:Income inequality
2598:
2597:
2573:Political parties
2538:Foreign relations
2500:
2499:
2397:
2396:
2328:Orange Free State
2303:Dutch Cape Colony
2293:Kingdom of Mutapa
2213:
2212:
2158:Non-binary gender
2126:Children's rights
2001:Rights by country
1880:Intersex and LGBT
1786:Genetic diagnosis
1732:Malta declaration
1727:Legal recognition
1452:Los Angeles Times
1376:Mail&Guardian
1158:, 2 November 2011
767:
766:
645:Children's rights
520:Rights by country
410:Intersex and LGBT
312:Genetic diagnosis
266:Malta declaration
261:Legal recognition
201:
200:
91:Rights by country
3139:
3089:
3082:
2908:National symbols
2830:Social movements
2723:
2722:
2664:
2636:Economic history
2609:
2608:
2511:
2510:
2477:Populated places
2408:
2407:
2348:Great Depression
2264:
2263:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2217:
2216:
2201:
2200:
1890:Military service
1764:
1678:
1671:
1664:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1640:(October 2015),
1633:
1625:
1604:
1603:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1527:
1521:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1455:. Johannesburg.
1439:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1423:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1399:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1310:
1302:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1235:
1229:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1194:(October 2015),
1188:
1182:
1165:
1159:
1142:
1133:
1116:
1110:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1075:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1041:
1029:
927:
893:
887:
874:
834:
825:
759:
752:
745:
203:
202:
39:
21:
20:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3065:
2934:
2913:Public holidays
2844:
2810:Sexual violence
2790:Life expectancy
2708:
2662:
2656:Mining industry
2594:
2558:Law enforcement
2496:
2462:Mountain ranges
2393:
2372:
2343:Second Boer War
2253:
2244:
2214:
2209:
2189:
2114:
1996:
1953:
1832:
1766:
1765:
1756:
1687:
1682:
1623:
1612:
1607:
1590:
1586:
1576:
1574:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1542:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1518:Wayback Machine
1509:
1505:
1495:
1493:
1476:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1440:
1436:
1428:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1404:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1367:
1363:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1324:
1320:
1304:
1303:
1258:
1254:
1246:
1244:
1236:
1232:
1226:Wayback Machine
1217:
1213:
1189:
1185:
1175:Wayback Machine
1166:
1162:
1152:Wayback Machine
1143:
1136:
1126:Wayback Machine
1117:
1113:
1107:Wayback Machine
1098:
1094:
1086:
1073:
1064:
1060:
1052:
1039:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1005:
993:
991:Rights advocacy
985:Civil Union Act
975:
961:
955:
941:has made her a
928:
925:
903:
895:
891:
889:
885:
883:
872:
865:
848:
836:
832:
830:
823:
816:
789:
783:
763:
734:
733:
729:Sex differences
635:
627:
626:
522:
512:
511:
475:
464:
463:
379:
371:
370:
302:
291:
290:
234:
197:
94:
93:
44:
25:Intersex rights
17:
12:
11:
5:
3145:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3091:
3090:
3083:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3039:Cape Coloureds
3031:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3007:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2944:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2928:heritage sites
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2815:Slum clearance
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2726:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2674:Stock exchange
2671:
2666:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2631:Communications
2628:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2590:State security
2587:
2586:
2585:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2472:National parks
2469:
2467:Municipalities
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2425:Climate change
2417:
2411:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2338:First Boer War
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2267:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2243:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2220:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2145:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2128:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2100:
2098:United Kingdom
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1915:Hermaphroditus
1912:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1777:
1775:
1768:
1767:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1742:Sex assignment
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1712:
1710:Discrimination
1707:
1701:
1699:
1689:
1688:
1681:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1634:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1584:
1552:
1522:
1503:
1470:
1434:
1410:
1386:
1361:
1337:
1318:
1252:
1230:
1211:
1183:
1160:
1134:
1111:
1092:
1058:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1004:
1001:
992:
989:
974:
971:
957:Main article:
954:
951:
935:Caster Semenya
931:
930:
923:
899:Main article:
890:
884:
879:on grounds of
877:discrimination
871:
864:
861:
831:
822:
815:
812:
782:
779:
765:
764:
762:
761:
754:
747:
739:
736:
735:
732:
731:
726:
721:
716:
714:Medical ethics
711:
710:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
669:
664:
663:
662:
652:
647:
642:
636:
633:
632:
629:
628:
625:
624:
619:
617:United Kingdom
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
523:
518:
517:
514:
513:
510:
509:
504:
499:
494:
493:
492:
487:
476:
470:
469:
466:
465:
462:
461:
456:
455:
454:
444:
439:
438:
437:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
380:
377:
376:
373:
372:
369:
368:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
335:
334:
324:
319:
314:
309:
303:
297:
296:
293:
292:
289:
288:
283:
278:
276:Sex assignment
273:
268:
263:
258:
257:
256:
246:
244:Discrimination
241:
235:
226:
225:
222:
221:
211:
210:
199:
198:
196:
195:
190:
188:United Kingdom
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
89:
88:
87:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
72:
66:
65:
62:
56:
55:
52:
46:
45:
40:
32:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3144:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2825:Social issues
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2775:Land invasion
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2646:Foreign trade
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2283:Early history
2281:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2241:
2236:
2234:
2229:
2227:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2206:
2205:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2103:United States
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1865:Gender system
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1823:Quigley scale
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1813:Phall-O-Meter
1811:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1791:Hermaphrodite
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1679:
1674:
1672:
1667:
1665:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1588:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1556:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1519:
1515:
1512:
1507:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1474:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1438:
1427:
1420:
1414:
1403:
1396:
1390:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1365:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1333:
1329:
1322:
1314:
1308:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1243:
1242:
1234:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1164:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1096:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1024:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1000:
998:
988:
986:
982:
981:
970:
968:
967:
960:
950:
948:
944:
943:cause célèbre
940:
936:
922:
918:
917:
916:
914:
913:
908:
902:
882:
878:
869:
860:
857:
853:
850:In 2016, the
847:
843:
829:
820:
811:
808:
804:
802:
798:
794:
788:
778:
775:
771:
760:
755:
753:
748:
746:
741:
740:
738:
737:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
674:
673:
670:
668:
665:
661:
658:
657:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
640:Hermaphrodite
638:
637:
631:
630:
623:
622:United States
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
524:
521:
516:
515:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
491:
488:
486:
483:
482:
481:
478:
477:
473:
468:
467:
460:
457:
453:
450:
449:
448:
445:
443:
440:
436:
433:
432:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
385:
382:
381:
375:
374:
367:
366:
362:
360:
357:
355:
354:Quigley scale
352:
350:
347:
345:
344:Phall-O-Meter
342:
340:
337:
333:
330:
329:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
304:
300:
295:
294:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
255:
252:
251:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
236:
233:
229:
224:
223:
217:
213:
212:
208:
205:
204:
194:
193:United States
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
95:
92:
85:
81:
77:
73:
71:
67:
63:
61:
57:
53:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
26:
22:
19:
2940:Demographics
2888:Homelessness
2858:Architecture
2769:
2689:Trade unions
2548:Human rights
2518:Constitution
2415:Biodiversity
2353:World War II
2323:Zulu Kingdom
2247:South Africa
2202:
2173:Third gender
2168:Queer theory
2073:South Africa
2072:
1818:Prader scale
1808:Orchidometer
1715:Human rights
1697:legal issues
1693:Human rights
1647:Intersex Day
1645:
1627:
1617:Gross, Sally
1610:Bibliography
1594:
1587:
1575:. Retrieved
1564:
1555:
1543:. Retrieved
1525:
1506:
1494:. Retrieved
1483:
1473:
1461:. Retrieved
1450:
1443:Dixon, Robyn
1437:
1413:
1389:
1374:
1364:
1351:Intersex Day
1349:
1340:
1321:
1292:
1255:
1245:, retrieved
1240:
1233:
1214:
1201:Intersex Day
1199:
1186:
1163:
1114:
1095:
1077:
1067:Gross, Sally
1061:
1043:
1033:Gross, Sally
1027:
994:
978:
976:
964:
962:
932:
920:
910:
906:
904:
849:
809:
805:
790:
774:South Africa
768:
702:Third gender
697:Queer theory
592:South Africa
591:
363:
349:Prader scale
339:Orchidometer
249:Human rights
232:legal issues
228:Human rights
163:South Africa
162:
42:South Africa
29:South Africa
18:
3044:Cape Malays
2765:Immigration
2616:Agriculture
2437:Earthquakes
2318:Cape Colony
2298:Kaditshwene
2178:Transgender
2083:Switzerland
2068:New Zealand
1939:Researchers
1774:and biology
1629:The Witness
1079:The Witness
1045:The Witness
793:Sally Gross
707:Transgender
602:Switzerland
587:New Zealand
442:Researchers
317:Definitions
301:and biology
173:Switzerland
158:New Zealand
3116:Categories
3022:Afrikaners
3010:San people
2893:Literature
2840:Xenophobia
2760:Healthcare
2740:Disability
2663:(currency)
2568:Parliament
2543:Government
2528:Corruption
2363:Border War
2131:Disability
1970:of surgery
1949:Television
1925:Androgynos
1910:Aphroditus
1885:Literature
1545:2 February
1488:. London.
1247:2018-09-05
1020:References
772:people in
687:Non-binary
655:Disability
485:of surgery
474:and events
459:Television
415:Literature
322:Healthcare
3034:Coloureds
2780:Languages
2745:Education
2694:Transport
2626:Companies
2578:President
2533:Elections
2482:Provinces
2442:Estuaries
2432:Districts
2403:Geography
2358:Apartheid
2153:Androgyny
2013:Australia
2008:Argentina
1870:Guevedoce
1846:(antonym)
1496:27 August
1463:29 August
677:Androgyny
532:Australia
527:Argentina
386:(antonym)
103:Australia
98:Argentina
3096:Category
3005:Khoekhoe
2883:HIV/AIDS
2805:Religion
2770:Intersex
2750:Feminism
2730:Cannabis
2679:Taxation
2583:timeline
2563:Military
2506:Politics
2492:Wildlife
2389:Military
2377:By topic
2313:Ndwandwe
2271:Timeline
2251:articles
2204:Category
2119:See also
2108:military
2033:Colombia
1975:timeline
1921:Judaism
1900:Religion
1772:Medicine
1685:Intersex
1600:archived
1571:Archived
1539:Archived
1514:Archived
1490:Archived
1457:Archived
1426:Archived
1424:. 2000.
1402:Archived
1381:Archived
1356:Archived
1332:Archived
1307:citation
1299:archived
1222:Archived
1206:archived
1171:Archived
1148:Archived
1122:Archived
1103:Archived
1084:Archived
1050:Archived
1003:See also
973:Marriage
924:—
770:Intersex
634:See also
552:Colombia
490:timeline
430:Military
425:Religion
299:Medicine
207:Intersex
123:Colombia
79:Marriage
3080:Outline
3061:Chinese
3056:Indians
3049:Griquas
3027:British
3000:Khoisan
2953:Ndebele
2873:Cuisine
2850:Culture
2820:Smoking
2795:Poverty
2718:Society
2684:Tourism
2621:Banking
2604:Economy
2452:Islands
2447:Forests
2420:Climate
2384:Economy
2259:History
2043:Germany
1965:History
1844:Endosex
1801:history
1720:reports
1577:10 July
1520:, s. 2.
781:History
562:Germany
480:History
472:History
384:Endosex
365:more...
332:history
254:reports
133:Germany
3101:Portal
3017:Whites
2978:Tswana
2973:Tsonga
2918:Sports
2868:Cinema
2800:Racism
2755:Health
2641:Energy
2523:Courts
2487:Rivers
2249:
2143:Gender
2136:rights
2093:Uganda
2088:Taiwan
2058:Mexico
2038:France
2018:Canada
1930:Tumtum
1895:People
947:racist
892:
886:
873:
833:
824:
719:Rights
667:Gender
660:rights
612:Uganda
607:Taiwan
577:Mexico
557:France
537:Canada
420:People
209:topics
183:Uganda
178:Taiwan
148:Mexico
128:France
108:Canada
3087:Index
2988:Xhosa
2983:Venda
2968:Swazi
2963:Sotho
2903:Music
2898:Media
2835:Women
2735:Crime
2661:Rand
2457:Lakes
2276:Years
2078:Spain
2063:Nepal
2053:Malta
2048:Kenya
2028:China
2023:Chile
1860:Films
1624:(PDF)
1429:(PDF)
1422:(PDF)
1405:(PDF)
1398:(PDF)
1087:(PDF)
1074:(PDF)
1053:(PDF)
1040:(PDF)
597:Spain
582:Nepal
572:Malta
567:Kenya
547:China
542:Chile
400:Films
168:Spain
153:Nepal
143:Malta
138:Kenya
118:China
113:Chile
2993:Zulu
2958:Pedi
2877:wine
2785:LGBT
2148:LGBT
1875:Flag
1695:and
1579:2011
1547:2017
1498:2009
1465:2009
1313:link
963:The
844:and
795:and
672:LGBT
405:Flag
230:and
2863:Art
2553:Law
724:Sex
82:Yes
74:Yes
64:Yes
27:in
3118::
1644:,
1626:.
1598:,
1563:.
1537:.
1533:.
1482:.
1449:.
1379:.
1373:.
1348:.
1330:.
1309:}}
1305:{{
1297:,
1291:,
1283:;
1279:;
1267:;
1263:;
1204:,
1198:,
1177:,
1154:,
1137:^
1128:,
1082:.
1076:.
1048:.
1042:.
999:.
803:.
435:US
54:No
2879:)
2875:(
2239:e
2232:t
2225:v
1677:e
1670:t
1663:v
1632:.
1581:.
1549:.
1500:.
1467:.
1315:)
758:e
751:t
744:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)
