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birth registries blank. In
November 2017, the German Constitutional Court ruled that civil status law must allow a third gender option. Open sex entries don't "reflect that the complainant does not see themself as a genderless person, but rather perceives themself as having a gender beyond male or female". This ruling was followed in August 2018 by a cabinet decision to create a new sex classification, "diverse", for intersex people only. This has been criticized for failing to address concerns about medical interventions, and for failing to make this non-binary gender category available to non-intersex people. The proposal was approved by the Bundestag in December 2018. On 22 December 2018, the adopted act entered into force, allowing the choice for intersex people (both at birth and at a later age) between "female", "male", "diverse" and no gender marker at all. In case of a change later in life, first names can also be changed. In the meantime, an appeals court had held that a nonbinary status must also be open to non-intersex non-binary people; the adopted act does not address this category of people and their situation therefore remains unclear pending additional case-law.
902:
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245:
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35:
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In June 2016, Germany's High Court ruled that German law would not allow entry of a third option of "inter" or "diverse" in the birth registry. The High Court said it found no violation of the plaintiff's basic rights since intersex people have been able since 2013 to leave the gender entry in German
805:
have legal recognition of their rights to physical integrity and bodily autonomy, with exceptions, but no specific protections from discrimination on the basis of sex characteristics. In response to an inquiry by the German Ethics
Council in 2012, the government passed legislation in 2013 designed to
1150:
and
Michaela Raab. Both were adults at the time of the medical interventions. There appear to be no statutory provisions offering compensation, however, at a hearing of the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women in February 2017, the German government said that a
909:
in 1943. The text reads: "The intersex type is physical and psychologically expressed. There are also sexual intermediate stages, where female characteristics are only weakly developed. Hair growth is excessive and atypical, the features are male, the voice is deep. Puberty occurs with delay, there
1243:
who argued that "if a child's anatomy does not, in the view of physicians, conform to the category of male or the category of female, there is no option but to withhold the male or female labels given to all other children." The German Ethics
Council and the Swiss National Advisory Commission also
849:
states, "item
Hermafroditus. If therefore the person is drawn to the feminine more than the male, the person does not receive the order. If the reverse, the person is able to receive but ought not to be ordained on account of deformity and monstrosity." Historical accounts of intersex people are
1282:
that had been legally available since 2001, were abolished. Same-sex step adoption has also been legal since 2005 and was expanded in 2013 to allow someone in a same-sex relationship to adopt a child already adopted by their partner and full adoption rights for same-sex couples has been legally
1178:
In 2015, Michaela Raab sued doctors in
Nuremberg, Germany, who failed to properly advise her. Doctors stated that they "were only acting according to the norms of the time - which sought to protect patients against the psychosocial effects of learning the full truth about their chromosomes". On
1252:
Human rights practitioners fear that the lack of freedom of choice regarding the entry in the gender marker field may now lead to an increase in stigmatisation and to "forced outings" of those children whose sex remains undetermined. This has raised the concern that the law may also lead to an
1075:
published a report condemning "non-emergency, invasive and irreversible medical treatment with harmful effects" on children born with variations of sex characteristics in
Germany and Denmark. It found that surgeries take place with limited psychosocial support, based on gender stereotypes, but
1093:
should only take place - even with the consent of the parents - if the operation cannot be postponed until age 14. The majority of legal scholars and psychologists consulted support the approach. The
Federal Chamber of Psychotherapists requires the mandatory participation of a counsellor with
1067:
In a hearing of the United
Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, German government stated that irreversible medical interventions were permissible where they are "a life-saving procedure, or the best interest of the child, for example if a child was suicidal."
1040:
stated that, "Many people who were subjected to a 'normalizing' operation in their childhood have later felt it to have been a mutilation and would never have agreed to it as adults." Legislation was subsequently passed to assign infants who could not be determined as male or female to a
959:
Also in this century, Germany introduced what may be the first form of third gender recognition in Europe, albeit controversially as a requirement for some intersex infants and otherwise not available. This was introduced as a measure to prevent early intersex medical interventions, but
1102:, and Intergeschlechtliche Menschen e.V., because they provide too many exceptions. Whether the protection takes hold in an individual case depends on whether the medical professional diagnoses the child with variations of sex development (the German implementation of
2732:
Intersex
Genital Mutilations Human Rights Violations Of Children With Variations Of Sex Anatomy: NGO Report on the Answers to the List of Issues (LoI) in Relation to the Initial Periodic Report of Germany on the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
1029:
1056:. An average of 99 feminizing surgeries took place each year, with a change only to the types of medical classification adopted. Rising numbers of masculinizing surgeries took place, exceeding 1600 per year. Between 10 and 16% of children diagnosed with
1169:
won what may be the first successful case against non-consensual "normalizing" medical treatment. The surgeon was ordered to pay €100,000 in damages after a legal battle that began in 2007, thirty years after the removal of her reproductive organs.
1084:
A law that provides for a general ban on operations in children and adolescents with 'variations of sex development' ('Varianten der Geschlechtsentwicklung') was passed in the German parliament on 25 March 2021. According to a report in the
858:. DĂĽrrge also made his living as a medical subject, but his life also illustrates the historical legal tradition. Assigned female at birth, DĂĽrrge changed name and designation to male as an adult, in line with articles Articles 19-24 of the
844:
states that "Whether a hermaphrodite may witness a testament, depends on which sex prevails" ("Hermaphroditus an ad testamentum adhiberi possit, qualitas sexus incalescentis ostendit."). On ordainment, Raming, Macy and Cook found that the
910:
is frigidity and reduced fertility in the case of hypoplasia of the gonads and hyperfunction of the pituitary gland, sometimes eunuch-like tall stature, also disorders in the function of the thyroid gland. Often dysmenorrhea is observed."
819:
for infants and children with intersex conditions in the period from 2005 to 2014. In 2021, the Bundestag (the German parliament) passed legal protections, albeit protections that have been criticized due to exceptions to the law.
2682:"OII Germany: CEDAW Shadow Report. With reference to the combined Seventh and Eighth Periodic Report from the Federal Republic of Germany on the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)"
1678:"OII Germany: CEDAW Shadow Report. With reference to the combined Seventh and Eighth Periodic Report from the Federal Republic of Germany on the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)"
1234:
In November 2013, Germany became the first European country to allow "indeterminate" sex, requiring this where a child may not be assigned male or female. This was criticized by intersex civil society organizations such as
2626:
1733:
1247:
Many intersex advocates in Germany and elsewhere have suggested that the law might encourage surgical interventions, rather than reduce them. The Council of Europe Issue Paper on intersex restates these concerns:
2927:
1035:
In 2010, the German Ethics Council was instructed to review the situation of intersex people in Germany following a demand by CEDAW to protect the human rights of intersex persons. A 2012 report by the
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2252:
1596:
2049:
2498:
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1966:
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2562:"Shadow Report To the 6th National Report of the Federal Republic of Germany On the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)"
1805:"Shadow Report To the 6th National Report of the Federal Republic of Germany On the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)"
3102:
1505:
1713:
2075:
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criticized the law, saying that "instead of individuals deciding for themselves at maturity, decisions concerning sex assignment are made in infancy by physicians and parents."
1945:
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930:. Raised as a girl, tests by the German police concluded that Ratjen was a man. Ratjen later took the name Heinrich Ratjen following an official registry change. Formal
480:
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Since 2017, persons classified as neither male nor female (or intersex people) can legally marry another person of any sex/gender within Germany. Since 1 October 2017,
2934:
463:
2368:
2317:
2248:
1770:
Bödeker, Heike (2016). "Intersexualität, Individualität, Selbstbestimmtheit und Psychoanalyse Ein Besinnungsaufsatz". In Michaela Katzer; Heinz-Jürgen Voß (eds.).
1592:
1089:, the law is intended to strengthen the self-determined decision-making of children and adolescents and avoid possible damage to their health. Surgical changes to
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magazine later reported that Ratjen tearfully confessed that he had been forced by the Nazis to pose as a woman "for the sake of the honor and glory of Germany".
98:
88:
2041:
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experience in intersex in an assessment before a possible intervention. While supportive of progress, the law that was finally passed was criticized by the
1541:
2284:
1811:
2541:
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1972:
294:
2019:
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1882:
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Gesetz zur Ă„nderung der in das Geburtenregister einzutragenden Angaben (Act modifying the information to be entered into the birth register)
1913:
1939:"NGO Report to the 7th and 8th Report of Germany on the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)"
1521:
2576:
1832:
1444:Über echte Zwitterbildung beim Menschen und ihre therapeutische Beeinflussung. In: Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie. Band 109
1632:
2071:
1257:
859:
785:
2000:
1938:
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without firm evidence. Amnesty International reported that "there are no binding guidelines for the treatment of intersex children".
1032:(CEDAW) in July 2008, detailing human rights violations in medical settings and failures to act in the best interests of the child.
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78:
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926:, placing fourth in the women's high jump. She later competed and set a world record for the women's high jump at the 1938
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873:. In 1932 gynecologist and obstetrician Hans Naujoks performed what was described as the first complete and comprehensive
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2249:"Nuremberg Hermaphrodite Lawsuit: Michaela "Micha" Raab Wins Damages and Compensation for Intersex Genital Mutilations!"
1593:"Nuremberg Hermaphrodite Lawsuit: Michaela "Micha" Raab Wins Damages and Compensation for Intersex Genital Mutilations!"
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third category. The legislation has been criticized by civil society and human rights organizations as misguided.
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During Nazi rule in Germany, many intersex people were either killed or hidden from the public. German athlete
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340:
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2538:
2401:"OII Australia, "German proposals for a "third gender" on birth certificates miss the mark", 20 August 2013"
1804:
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Two legal cases seeking compensation for "unwanted, harmful medical interventions" have succeeded, those of
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3738:
3520:
3515:
3499:
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964:
fear that it will encourage such interventions, and there is no evidence of reductions in surgery numbers.
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of 1792, which enabled hermaphrodites to choose to live as either male or female from the age of majority.
560:
555:
535:
518:
453:
335:
131:
126:
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in December 2016 shows that, over the period 2005 to 2014, there were no significant trends in numbers of
889:. The female patient was described as fully functional after surgery and, starting in 1934, spontaneously
4431:
4344:
3796:
3540:
3494:
3477:
3308:
3004:
2042:"Intersex children subject to 'invasive' surgery to 'normalise' their sex, reports Amnesty International"
996:
580:
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513:
360:
151:
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4266:
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4148:
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2015:
931:
688:
508:
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475:
119:
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and Michaela Raab, provide first and later examples of successful legal action against coercive
4520:
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3489:
3412:
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1848:
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1312:
525:
387:
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The organization Intersexuelle Menschen first submitted a Shadow Report to the United Nations
4681:
4500:
4485:
4448:
3259:
3222:
3200:
2787:
2572:
2343:
2107:
1968:
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women considers the reports of Germany
1297:
1072:
1037:
1019:
886:
314:
277:
256:
68:
22:
2146:"A good first step: Germany adopts law banning IGM. But there is still room for improvement"
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949:
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4407:
4291:
4229:
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4126:
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4052:
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3367:
1994:
1394:"Allgemeines Landrecht fĂĽr die PreuĂźischen Staaten (01.06.1794), Erster Theil - section 20"
919:
710:
673:
428:
2112:
Dokumentations- und Informationssystem des Deutschen Bundestages, Retrieved 21 March 2021.
851:
8:
4646:
4540:
4515:
4510:
4387:
4332:
4271:
4177:
3908:
3842:
2634:
2220:"Christiane Völling: Hermaphrodite wins damage claim over removal of reproductive organs"
1197:
1127:
1049:
870:
829:
350:
57:
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3984:
3903:
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3781:
3758:
2744:
2726:
2215:
1934:
1307:
1240:
975:, have submitted reports to Land, federal and international human rights institutions.
972:
2450:"Bundesverfassungsgericht - Press - Civil status law must allow a third gender option"
4666:
4641:
4588:
4535:
4349:
4121:
3913:
3711:
3665:
3387:
3169:
2708:
2638:
2582:
1838:
1783:
1741:
1622:
1513:
1275:
840:
438:
1253:
increase in pressure on parents of intersex children to decide in favour of one sex.
4728:
4676:
4671:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4478:
4443:
4417:
4089:
3893:
3862:
3817:
3812:
3437:
2627:"Zur Aktualität kosmetischer Operationen "uneindeutiger" Genitalien im Kindesalter"
1775:
1734:"Zur Aktualität kosmetischer Operationen "uneindeutiger" Genitalien im Kindesalter"
1424:
2347:
1151:
compensation fund for victims of intersex genital mutilation is under discussion.
4631:
4626:
4621:
4568:
3994:
2714:
2545:
2436:
2168:"Bundestag verabschiedet Gesetz zum Schutz von Kindern mit Varianten der Geschle"
1661:
1379:
1292:
936:
890:
4733:
4611:
4598:
4261:
4019:
3422:
3249:
2313:
1779:
742:
304:
53:
1621:
855:
4748:
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3330:
3320:
3298:
2642:
2167:
1745:
1517:
668:
433:
382:
372:
2779:
2718:
815:
Research published in 2016 found no substantive reduction in the numbers of
4359:
4034:
4029:
3999:
3898:
3852:
3680:
3675:
3325:
3315:
1875:"Deutsche Welle, "Third sex option on birth certificates", 1 November 2013"
1061:
906:
854:, a man who made a living from being studied by medical practitioners, and
730:
725:
377:
367:
1261:
13 October 2018: protest for third gender in front of the Bundeskanzleramt
4369:
4083:
3918:
3867:
3685:
2096:
Bundestag.de: Schutz von Kindern mit Varianten der Geschlechtsentwicklung
1478:
1428:
1279:
1057:
1030:
Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
915:
735:
715:
1141: Explicit protection on grounds of intersex within attribute of sex
4578:
4199:
3638:
3432:
3417:
2474:
2373:
2141:
1099:
683:
3269:
2109:
Gesetz zum Schutz von Kindern mit Varianten der Geschlechtsentwicklung
967:
Civil society organizations, including Intergeschlechtliche Menschen,
244:
4189:
3837:
3660:
3377:
2276:
835:
705:
2369:"Sham package for Intersex: Leaving sex entry open is not an option"
1412:
3723:
3192:
1013: Regulatory suspension of non-consensual medical interventions
882:
866:
808:
798:
235:
2612:"In re Völling, Regional Court Cologne, Germany (6 February 2008)"
2165:
2072:"Amnesty denounces 'human rights violations' on intersex children"
2016:"First, Do No Harm: ensuring the rights of children born intersex"
1566:"In re Völling, Regional Court Cologne, Germany (6 February 2008)"
4468:
3888:
3832:
3754:
3351:
1906:"Umgang mit intersexuellen Kindern: Operationen gehören verboten"
985:
980:
802:
412:
41:
26:
2774:
1179:
17 December 2015, the Nuremberg State Court ruled that the
3650:
2606:
1964:
1560:
1229: Nonbinary / third gender not legally recognized / no data
923:
747:
695:
47:
3848:
Chronology of warfare between the Romans and Germanic peoples
3827:
2430:
German high court rejects 'intersex' as third gender category
878:
34:
2479:"New draft bill in Germany fails to protect intersex people"
1774:(in German). Gießen: Psychosozial-Verlag. pp. 117–136.
1205: Nonbinary / third gender available as voluntary opt-in
3655:
3161:
2661:
Kromminga, Ins A; Blaine; Klöppel, Ulrike (December 2009).
1772:
Geschlechtliche, sexuelle und reproduktive Selbstbestimmung
700:
2769:
2499:"Bundestag gibt grĂĽnes Licht fĂĽr dritte Geschlechtsoption"
2663:"Intergeschlechtlichkeit ist kein medizinisches Problem!"
1506:"The Humiliating Practice of Sex-Testing Female Athletes"
991:
752:
2306:"German Gender-Assignment Case Has Intersexuals Hopeful"
1135: Explicit protection on grounds of intersex status
1109:
2725:
2660:
2559:
1933:
1802:
2571:
2166:
Intergeschlechtliche Menschen e.V. (March 26, 2021).
2013:
1992:
1965:
United Nations Office at Geneva (February 21, 2017),
1830:
1706:"Op-ed: Germany's Third-Gender Law Fails on Equality"
978:
In the spring of 1999, Heike Bödeker coined the term
2764:
1475:"How Dora the Man Competed in the Woman's High Jump"
1356:
Bayerische StaatsBibliothek (Bavarian State Library)
69:
Protection of physical integrity and bodily autonomy
2539:
German court expands adoption rights of gay couples
1373:
850:scarce, but 19th-century medical journals document
2246:
2214:
1590:
1217: Mandatory for some born intersex, and opt in
2124:Intersexuelle Kinder: Recht zur Selbstbestimmung.
1986:
1671:
1669:
1398:Allgemeines Landrecht fĂĽr die PreuĂźischen Staaten
1374:Raming, Ida; Macy, Gary; Bernard J, Cook (2004).
1096:Organisation Intersex International (OII) Germany
4746:
2281:"Intersex person sues clinic for unnecessary op"
1413:"Intersexuality and the endocrine aspect of sex"
2210:
2208:
2007:
1650:
1648:
1283:available since 1 October 2017 within Germany.
934:was controversially later introduced in sport.
16:Overview of intersex people's rights in Germany
2706:
2527:Celle Court of Appeal, decision of 11 May 2017
2202:des OII zur Verabschiedung des Gesetzes (PDF).
1727:
1725:
1723:
1666:
1625:; Commissioner for Human Rights (April 2015),
3739:
3177:
2809:
2795:
2063:
1628:Human rights and intersex people, Issue Paper
1548:, 16 September 1966, retrieved 18 March 2011.
1542:"Track & Field: Preserving la Difference"
877:and hormone treatment on a patient with both
779:
2713:(in German). Leipzig: Dr Werner Klinkhardt.
2205:
1826:
1824:
1645:
1048:Research published by Ulrike Klöppel at the
3858:Roman campaigns in Germania (12 BC – AD 16)
2676:
1960:
1958:
1720:
1675:
1410:
1351:"Decretum Gratiani (Kirchenrechtssammlung)"
1186:
3746:
3732:
3184:
3170:
2802:
2788:
2749:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2473:
2140:
2033:
1927:
1466:
1386:
1183:Clinic must pay damages and compensation.
1154:
1079:
1004: Legal prohibition of non-consensual
786:
772:
33:
2361:
2275:
2069:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1821:
1699:
1697:
869:was coined by the German-born geneticist
2337:
2271:
2269:
2247:Zwischengeschlecht (December 17, 2015).
2190:des OII Germany zum Gesetzentwurf (PDF).
1955:
1903:
1591:Zwischengeschlecht (December 17, 2015).
1450:. Berlin: W. Stoeckel. pp. 135–161.
1340:Decretum Gratiani, C. 4, q. 2 et 3, c. 3
1256:
1196:
1113:
995:
900:
50: (light green & dark grey)
2624:
2242:
2240:
1831:German Ethics Council (February 2012).
1769:
1731:
1703:
1690:from the original on February 11, 2017.
1556:
1554:
1503:
1461:Gender, Intersections, and Institutions
1440:
1363:from the original on December 20, 2016.
56: (light green) – [
4747:
2287:from the original on December 14, 2015
2039:
1904:Achtelik, Kirsten (December 7, 2016).
1862:
1694:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1223: Mandatory for some born intersex
992:Physical integrity and bodily autonomy
3727:
3165:
2783:
2707:von Neugebauer, Franz Ludwig (1908).
2320:from the original on 22 December 2015
2266:
1916:from the original on February 4, 2017
1716:from the original on January 3, 2017.
1485:from the original on 9 September 2010
1367:
1211: Opt-in for intersex people only
1173:
3753:
2560:Intersexuelle Menschen (July 2008).
2298:
2237:
1885:from the original on 10 October 2014
1803:Intersexuelle Menschen (July 2008).
1655:Germany Has an Official Third Gender
1551:
1535:
1472:
1193:Legal recognition of intersex people
1110:Remedies and claims for compensation
962:intersex civil society organizations
948:In the 21st century, legal cases by
943:
806:classify some intersex infants as a
2608:International Commission of Jurists
2411:from the original on 7 October 2014
1763:
1610:
1572:from the original on 5 January 2016
1562:International Commission of Jurists
1062:plastic reconstruction of the penis
679:Genital modification and mutilation
99:Third gender or sex classifications
13:
2405:OII Australia - Intersex Australia
2377:. 15 February 2013. Archived from
1704:Viloria, Hida (November 6, 2013).
1473:Berg, Stefan (15 September 2009).
243:
14:
4771:
2758:
2625:Klöppel, Ulrike (December 2016).
2255:from the original on May 11, 2016
2226:from the original on July 5, 2015
2078:from the original on May 11, 2017
2070:Cherubini, Elena (May 11, 2017).
2052:from the original on May 13, 2017
1732:Klöppel, Ulrike (December 2016).
1599:from the original on May 11, 2016
1376:A History of Women and Ordination
3706:
3705:
3268:
3255:Sex characteristics (legal term)
2003:from the original on 2017-05-17.
1951:from the original on 2017-02-23.
1817:from the original on 2017-02-04.
1676:OII Germany (January 20, 2017).
1278:became legal within Germany and
1181:University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
310:Sex characteristics (legal term)
89:Changing M/F sex classifications
3950:German revolutions of 1848–1849
3919:Ostsiedlung (East Colonisation)
2710:Hermaphroditismus beim Menschen
2670:Gen-Ethische Informationsdienst
2553:
2532:
2520:
2509:
2491:
2467:
2456:from the original on 2017-11-15
2442:
2423:
2393:
2331:
2193:
2181:
2159:
2134:
2115:
2101:
2089:
2022:from the original on 2017-05-11
1897:
1796:
1584:
1122: Explicit protection from
896:
3935:Early modern period, 1500–1800
3823:List of early Germanic peoples
2505:(in German). 14 December 2018.
2014:Amnesty International (2017).
1993:Amnesty International (2017).
1497:
1454:
1434:
1404:
1343:
1334:
1054:intersex medical interventions
1024:Intersex medical interventions
954:intersex medical interventions
865:In the 20th century, the term
817:intersex medical interventions
79:Protection from discrimination
1:
4058:History of Germany since 1990
2040:Semple, Ross (May 10, 2017).
1328:
1318:Transgender rights in Germany
3500:International Intersex Forum
3289:Disorders of sex development
3191:
1504:Padawer, Ruth (2016-06-28).
1104:disorders of sex development
536:International Intersex Forum
336:Disorders of sex development
7:
3495:Intersex Day of Remembrance
3358:Civil society organizations
1286:
1269:
531:Intersex Day of Remembrance
419:Civil society organizations
10:
4776:
4755:Intersex rights in Germany
3965:North German Confederation
3945:Confederation of the Rhine
3452:Sex verification in sports
2131:; retrieved 21 March 2021.
1780:10.30820/9783837967999-117
1190:
1158:
1017:
827:
823:
476:Sex verification in sports
111:Yes (since 1 October 2017)
4699:
4559:
4439:
4430:
4313:
4304:
4185:
4176:
4112:
4103:
4066:
4045:
3927:
3881:
3805:
3774:
3765:
3701:
3693:Sex differences in humans
3626:
3508:
3465:
3344:
3278:
3266:
3199:
3111:
3073:
2815:
2810:Intersex rights in Europe
115:
107:
103:Yes (since December 2018)
97:
87:
77:
67:
32:
21:
4117:Administrative divisions
3213:Compulsory sterilization
2338:DW Staff (August 2010).
1411:Goldschmidt, R. (1917),
1187:Identification documents
932:sex verification testing
905:A pseudo-diagnosis from
838:collection known as the
268:Compulsory sterilization
2578:Intersexuality, Opinion
1834:Intersexuality, Opinion
1323:Human rights in Germany
1280:registered partnerships
1155:Christiane Völling case
1080:Legal protections, 2021
988:for the term intersex.
4378:Science and technology
4079:History of Brandenburg
3970:Unification of Germany
3960:Frankfurt Constitution
3671:Non-binary recognition
3490:Intersex Awareness Day
3413:Ancient Greek religion
3336:Sexual differentiation
2858:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2765:Intersexuelle Menschen
2727:Zwischengeschlecht.org
1935:Zwischengeschlecht.org
1441:Naujoks, Hans (1934).
1313:LGBT rights in Germany
1262:
1255:
1231:
1143:
1045:third classification.
1015:
928:European Championships
911:
721:Non-binary recognition
526:Intersex Awareness Day
388:Sexual differentiation
248:
4015:Flight and expulsions
3363:Fictional characters‎
3304:Medical interventions
3260:Yogyakarta Principles
3245:Medical interventions
2573:German Ethics Council
2344:German Ethics Council
2279:(February 27, 2015).
1298:Intersex human rights
1260:
1250:
1200:
1117:
1073:Amnesty International
1038:German Ethics Council
1020:Intersex human rights
1018:Further information:
1006:medical interventions
999:
904:
887:University of Marburg
828:Further information:
424:Fictional characters‎
356:Medical interventions
315:Yogyakarta Principles
300:Medical interventions
247:
4687:World Heritage Sites
4365:German states by GDP
3955:German Confederation
2694:on February 11, 2017
2680:(January 20, 2017).
2340:"Christiane Völling"
2316:. 12 December 2007.
1975:on February 23, 2017
1429:10.1210/endo-1-4-433
1359:. February 5, 2009.
1165:In Germany in 2011,
1087:Deutsches Ă„rzteblatt
984:, as an opposite or
711:Anti-gender movement
481:at the Olympic Games
4323:Automobile industry
3909:Carolingian dynasty
3843:History of the Huns
3345:Society and culture
3074:States with limited
2635:Humboldt University
2218:(August 12, 2009).
1128:sex characteristics
1091:sex characteristics
1050:Humboldt University
871:Richard Goldschmidt
830:Intersex in history
407:Society and culture
73:Yes, with loopholes
4393:Telecommunications
4074:History of Prussia
3990:Revolution of 1918
3985:War guilt question
3904:Carolingian Empire
3873:Sack of Rome (410)
3782:History of Germany
3466:History and events
2775:Zwischengeschlecht
2633:(in German) (42).
2544:2017-08-05 at the
2435:2017-10-08 at the
2407:. 20 August 2013.
2216:Zwischengeschlecht
2144:(March 30, 2021).
1660:2017-09-01 at the
1510:The New York Times
1308:Zwischengeschlecht
1263:
1241:Zwischengeschlecht
1232:
1174:Michaela Raab case
1167:Christiane Völling
1161:Christiane Völling
1148:Christiane Völling
1144:
1016:
973:Zwischengeschlecht
950:Christiane Völling
920:1936 Olympic Games
912:
249:
44: (dark green)
4742:
4741:
4695:
4694:
4426:
4425:
4340:Chemical Triangle
4300:
4299:
4287:Political parties
4235:Foreign relations
4172:
4171:
4099:
4098:
4010:Allied occupation
3914:Holy Roman Empire
3721:
3720:
3666:Non-binary gender
3634:Children's rights
3509:Rights by country
3388:Intersex and LGBT
3294:Genetic diagnosis
3240:Malta declaration
3235:Legal recognition
3159:
3158:
2588:978-3-941957-50-3
2575:(February 2012).
2381:on 29 August 2014
2046:Attitude Magazine
1996:First, Do No Harm
1844:978-3-941957-50-3
1789:978-3-8379-2546-3
1623:Council of Europe
1276:same-sex marriage
944:Post World War II
852:Gottlieb Göttlich
847:Decretum Gratiani
841:Decretum Gratiani
834:The 12th-century
796:
795:
674:Children's rights
549:Rights by country
439:Intersex and LGBT
341:Genetic diagnosis
295:Malta declaration
290:Legal recognition
230:
229:
120:Rights by country
40:Location of
4767:
4722:
4715:
4708:
4672:Prussian virtues
4437:
4436:
4345:Economic history
4311:
4310:
4205:
4183:
4182:
4134:Cities and towns
4110:
4109:
4090:Baden Revolution
3894:Treaty of Verdun
3863:Marcomannic Wars
3818:Migration Period
3813:Germanic peoples
3797:Military history
3772:
3771:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3725:
3724:
3709:
3708:
3398:Military service
3272:
3186:
3179:
3172:
3163:
3162:
3112:Dependencies and
2816:Sovereign states
2804:
2797:
2790:
2781:
2780:
2754:
2748:
2740:
2738:
2722:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2693:
2687:. Archived from
2686:
2673:
2672:(in German) (9).
2667:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2645:. Archived from
2621:
2619:
2618:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2591:. Archived from
2568:
2566:
2548:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2518:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2446:
2440:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2346:. Archived from
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2273:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2244:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2212:
2203:
2200:Pressemitteilung
2197:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2138:
2132:
2119:
2113:
2105:
2099:
2098:, 25 March 2021.
2093:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1971:, archived from
1962:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1943:
1937:(January 2017).
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1910:die tageszeitung
1901:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1871:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1847:. Archived from
1828:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1809:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1748:. Archived from
1729:
1718:
1717:
1701:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1682:
1673:
1664:
1652:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1631:, archived from
1619:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1558:
1549:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1520:. Archived from
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1140:
1134:
1121:
1012:
1003:
918:competed in the
875:intersex surgery
788:
781:
774:
232:
231:
37:
19:
18:
4775:
4774:
4770:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4745:
4744:
4743:
4738:
4725:
4718:
4711:
4704:
4691:
4555:
4506:Life expectancy
4422:
4296:
4267:Law enforcement
4203:
4168:
4095:
4062:
4041:
4025:Divided Germany
3995:Weimar Republic
3923:
3889:Frankish Empire
3877:
3801:
3767:
3761:
3752:
3722:
3717:
3697:
3622:
3504:
3461:
3340:
3274:
3273:
3264:
3195:
3190:
3160:
3155:
3113:
3107:
3093:Northern Cyprus
3075:
3069:
2990:North Macedonia
2811:
2808:
2761:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2684:
2665:
2652:
2650:
2631:Gender Bulletin
2616:
2614:
2598:
2596:
2589:
2564:
2556:
2551:
2546:Wayback Machine
2537:
2533:
2525:
2521:
2514:
2510:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2483:
2481:
2477:(August 2018).
2472:
2468:
2459:
2457:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2437:Wayback Machine
2428:
2424:
2414:
2412:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2384:
2382:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2353:
2351:
2336:
2332:
2323:
2321:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2290:
2288:
2274:
2267:
2258:
2256:
2245:
2238:
2229:
2227:
2213:
2206:
2198:
2194:
2186:
2182:
2172:
2170:
2164:
2160:
2150:
2148:
2139:
2135:
2121:Petra BĂĽhring:
2120:
2116:
2106:
2102:
2094:
2090:
2081:
2079:
2068:
2064:
2055:
2053:
2038:
2034:
2025:
2023:
2012:
2008:
1991:
1987:
1978:
1976:
1963:
1956:
1948:
1941:
1932:
1928:
1919:
1917:
1902:
1898:
1888:
1886:
1873:
1872:
1863:
1854:
1852:
1845:
1829:
1822:
1814:
1807:
1801:
1797:
1790:
1768:
1764:
1755:
1753:
1738:Gender Bulletin
1730:
1721:
1702:
1695:
1687:
1680:
1674:
1667:
1662:Wayback Machine
1653:
1646:
1638:
1636:
1620:
1611:
1602:
1600:
1589:
1585:
1575:
1573:
1559:
1552:
1540:
1536:
1527:
1525:
1502:
1498:
1488:
1486:
1471:
1467:
1459:
1455:
1447:
1439:
1435:
1409:
1405:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1380:Scarecrow Press
1372:
1368:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1293:German passport
1289:
1272:
1230:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1189:
1176:
1163:
1157:
1142:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1119:
1112:
1082:
1026:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1001:
994:
946:
899:
885:tissue, at the
832:
826:
792:
763:
762:
758:Sex differences
664:
656:
655:
551:
541:
540:
504:
493:
492:
408:
400:
399:
331:
320:
319:
263:
226:
123:
122:
63:
62:
51:
23:Intersex rights
17:
12:
11:
5:
4773:
4763:
4762:
4760:Law of Germany
4757:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4724:
4723:
4716:
4709:
4701:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4603:Cultural icons
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4565:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4440:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4383:Stock exchange
4380:
4375:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4336:
4335:
4325:
4320:
4314:
4308:
4302:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4197:
4192:
4186:
4180:
4174:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4113:
4107:
4101:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4087:
4081:
4076:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4022:
4020:Denazification
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3792:Historiography
3789:
3784:
3778:
3776:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3751:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3728:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3653:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3636:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3608:
3606:United Kingdom
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3423:Hermaphroditus
3420:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3285:
3283:
3276:
3275:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3250:Sex assignment
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3220:
3218:Discrimination
3215:
3209:
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2759:External links
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2729:(March 2015).
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1423:(4): 433–456,
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52:– in the
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4053:Reunification
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3808:
3804:
3798:
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3679:
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3404:
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3373:Gender system
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3361:
3359:
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3331:Quigley scale
3329:
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3324:
3322:
3321:Phall-O-Meter
3319:
3317:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3299:Hermaphrodite
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
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3277:
3271:
3261:
3258:
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3168:
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3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3126:Faroe Islands
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3098:South Ossetia
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3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2950:Liechtenstein
2948:
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2938:
2936:
2933:
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2926:
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2909:
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2899:
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2879:
2876:
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2851:
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2800:
2798:
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2659:
2649:on 2017-02-04
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2595:on 2017-04-21
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2426:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2364:
2350:on 2016-03-04
2349:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2270:
2254:
2250:
2243:
2241:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2201:
2196:
2189:
2188:Stellungnahme
2184:
2169:
2162:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2110:
2104:
2097:
2092:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2021:
2017:
2010:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1989:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1961:
1959:
1947:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1900:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1851:on 2017-04-21
1850:
1846:
1840:
1836:
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1827:
1825:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1791:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1766:
1752:on 2017-02-04
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1698:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1670:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1651:
1649:
1635:on 2016-01-06
1634:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1598:
1594:
1587:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1555:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1524:on 2016-06-28
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1500:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1457:
1446:
1445:
1437:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1417:Endocrinology
1414:
1407:
1400:. 1794-06-01.
1399:
1395:
1389:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1337:
1333:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1267:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1199:
1194:
1184:
1182:
1171:
1168:
1162:
1152:
1149:
1129:
1125:
1116:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1077:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1033:
1031:
1025:
1021:
1007:
998:
989:
987:
983:
982:
976:
974:
970:
965:
963:
957:
955:
951:
941:
939:
938:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
908:
903:
894:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
863:
861:
860:Prussian Code
857:
853:
848:
843:
842:
837:
831:
821:
818:
813:
811:
810:
804:
800:
789:
784:
782:
777:
775:
770:
769:
767:
766:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
703:
702:
699:
697:
694:
690:
687:
686:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
669:Hermaphrodite
667:
666:
660:
659:
652:
651:United States
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
553:
550:
545:
544:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
520:
517:
515:
512:
511:
510:
507:
506:
502:
497:
496:
489:
486:
482:
479:
478:
477:
474:
472:
469:
465:
462:
461:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
414:
411:
410:
404:
403:
396:
395:
391:
389:
386:
384:
383:Quigley scale
381:
379:
376:
374:
373:Phall-O-Meter
371:
369:
366:
362:
359:
358:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
333:
329:
324:
323:
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4454:Demographics
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4333:Central bank
4277:Conservatism
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4005:World War II
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3899:East Francia
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3223:Human rights
3205:legal issues
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257:Human rights
192:South Africa
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4521:Pornography
4496:Immigration
4459:Drug policy
4371:Mittelstand
4318:Agriculture
4282:Nationalism
4255:Transgender
4139:Earthquakes
4086:, 1583-1588
4084:Cologne War
3980:World War I
3882:Middle Ages
3868:Gothic Wars
3686:Transgender
3591:Switzerland
3576:New Zealand
3447:Researchers
3282:and biology
3141:Isle of Man
3076:recognition
3050:Switzerland
2985:Netherlands
2770:OII Germany
2678:OII Germany
2503:t-online.de
1810:. Hamburg.
1576:27 December
1479:Der Spiegel
1303:OII Germany
1237:OII Germany
1058:hypospadias
969:OII Germany
916:Dora Ratjen
891:menstruated
856:Karl DĂĽrrge
736:Transgender
631:Switzerland
616:New Zealand
471:Researchers
346:Definitions
330:and biology
202:Switzerland
187:New Zealand
4749:Categories
4682:Television
4667:Philosophy
4642:Literature
4501:Irreligion
4486:Healthcare
4449:Corruption
4215:Chancellor
4204:(military)
4201:Bundeswehr
3639:Disability
3478:of surgery
3457:Television
3433:Androgynos
3418:Aphroditus
3393:Literature
3020:San Marino
2980:Montenegro
2960:Luxembourg
2940:Kazakhstan
2843:Azerbaijan
2653:2017-02-04
2617:2017-05-15
2599:2017-02-04
2567:. Hamburg.
2484:2018-09-10
2475:OII Europe
2460:2017-12-18
2385:4 February
2374:OII Europe
2354:2015-12-21
2324:2015-12-21
2291:2015-12-21
2259:2015-12-21
2230:2015-07-20
2142:OII Europe
2082:2017-05-11
2056:2017-05-13
2026:2017-05-13
1944:. Zurich.
1920:2017-02-03
1855:2017-02-04
1756:2017-02-04
1639:2018-01-04
1603:2015-12-21
1528:2016-06-28
1329:References
1106:) or not.
1100:OII Europe
883:testicular
801:people in
716:Non-binary
684:Disability
514:of surgery
503:and events
488:Television
444:Literature
351:Healthcare
46:– in
4637:Libraries
4617:Festivals
4464:Education
4408:Transport
4373:companies
4292:President
4230:Elections
4195:Bundesrat
4190:Bundestag
4159:Mountains
4127:Districts
4105:Geography
3838:Visigoths
3775:Overviews
3661:Androgyny
3521:Australia
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3378:Guevedoce
3354:(antonym)
3131:Gibraltar
2955:Lithuania
2745:cite book
2739:. Zurich.
2719:25266971M
2643:0947-6822
2415:6 October
2277:The Local
1889:6 October
1746:0947-6822
1518:0362-4331
1489:31 August
1071:In 2017,
836:canon law
706:Androgyny
561:Australia
556:Argentina
415:(antonym)
132:Australia
127:Argentina
4729:Category
4647:Internet
4632:Language
4622:Folklore
4541:Religion
4516:Pensions
4511:Naturism
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4272:Lobbying
4245:Intersex
4178:Politics
3787:Timeline
3766:General
3759:articles
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3627:See also
3616:military
3541:Colombia
3483:timeline
3429:Judaism
3408:Religion
3280:Medicine
3193:Intersex
3151:Svalbard
3136:Guernsey
3083:Abkhazia
3035:Slovenia
3030:Slovakia
3005:Portugal
2863:Bulgaria
2542:Archived
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2001:Archived
1946:Archived
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1287:See also
1270:Marriage
1043:de facto
867:intersex
809:de facto
799:Intersex
663:See also
581:Colombia
519:timeline
459:Military
454:Religion
328:Medicine
236:Intersex
152:Colombia
108:Marriage
4706:Outline
4612:Fashion
4599:Cuisine
4561:Culture
4526:Poverty
4469:Germans
4432:Society
4413:Welfare
4398:Tourism
4355:Exports
4328:Banking
4306:Economy
4210:Cabinet
4149:Islands
4144:Geology
4067:Regions
3833:Teutons
3806:Ancient
3768:History
3755:Germany
3551:Germany
3473:History
3352:Endosex
3309:history
3228:reports
3060:Ukraine
3010:Romania
2970:Moldova
2928:Ireland
2923:Iceland
2918:Hungary
2908:Germany
2903:Georgia
2893:Finland
2888:Estonia
2883:Denmark
2868:Croatia
2853:Belgium
2848:Belarus
2838:Austria
2833:Armenia
2828:Andorra
2823:Albania
2439:Reuters
986:antonym
981:endosex
879:ovarian
824:History
803:Germany
591:Germany
509:History
501:History
413:Endosex
394:more...
361:history
283:reports
162:Germany
42:Germany
27:Germany
4734:Portal
4589:Cinema
4569:Anthem
4536:Racism
4350:Energy
4164:Rivers
4122:States
4092:, 1848
3928:Modern
3757:
3651:Gender
3644:rights
3601:Uganda
3596:Taiwan
3566:Mexico
3546:France
3526:Canada
3438:Tumtum
3403:People
3146:Jersey
3088:Kosovo
3055:Turkey
3045:Sweden
3025:Serbia
3015:Russia
3000:Poland
2995:Norway
2975:Monaco
2945:Latvia
2913:Greece
2898:France
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586:France
566:Canada
449:People
238:topics
212:Uganda
207:Taiwan
177:Mexico
157:France
137:Canada
58:Legend
48:Europe
4713:Index
4677:Sport
4662:Names
4657:Music
4652:Media
4607:Dance
4479:Women
4444:Crime
4418:Women
4154:Lakes
3828:Goths
3586:Spain
3571:Nepal
3561:Malta
3556:Kenya
3536:China
3531:Chile
3368:Films
3121:Ă…land
3040:Spain
2965:Malta
2935:Italy
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1949:(PDF)
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626:Spain
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576:China
571:Chile
429:Films
197:Spain
182:Nepal
172:Malta
167:Kenya
147:China
142:Chile
60:]
4627:Flag
4584:Arts
4250:LGBT
3656:LGBT
3383:Flag
3203:and
2751:link
2700:2017
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2417:2014
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2175:2021
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1981:2017
1891:2014
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1491:2010
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1239:and
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