2249:
387:, which includes knowingly demoralizing the military or the nation in a manner that endangers national defense during a time of war, carries a criminal penalty of life imprisonment. It is a crime for anyone knowingly to disseminate or publicize false rumors likely to alarm or excite the public against the government or to promote civil war. It is illegal for anyone to display drawings, posters, photographs, or other items that may disturb the
2259:
3220:
2238:
2269:
471:
447:
201:
In 2010, system described as “primitive” with “one of the lowest” telephone densities in the world and “increasing … but meager” use of cell phones; the number of fixed-line telephone connections was far fewer than one per every 100 persons; roughly five cell phones in use per 100 persons; the
413:(RNP, National Postal Administration) is responsible for postal service in Burundi. Operating as an independent state-owned company since 1992, the RNP has reported to the Ministry of Commerce, Industry, Posts and Tourism since 2010.
391:. Penalties range from two months' to three years' imprisonment and fines. Some journalists, lawyers, and political party, civil society, and NGO leaders allege the government uses these laws to intimidate and harass them.
198:; telephone density one of the lowest in the world; fixed-line connections stand at well less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage is increasing but remains at roughly 20 per 100 persons;
475:
394:
The constitution and law provide for the right to privacy, but the government does not always respect this right in practice. Authorities do not always respect the law requiring search warrants.
2358:
2373:
1153:
375:" messages or from using abusive or defamatory language against public servants acting in their official role that could damage the dignity of or respect for the public office.
309:
303:
2965:
2611:
2368:
2686:
1097:
867:
3020:
2904:
2305:
3080:
2458:
2408:
585:
Dialing
Procedures (International Prefix, National (Trunk) Prefix and National (Significant) Number) (in Accordance with ITY-T Recommendation E.164 (11/2010))
2495:
2343:
1513:
2696:
2621:
2561:
2413:
680:
588:, Annex to ITU Operational Bulletin No. 994-15.XII.2011, International Telecommunication Union (ITU, Geneva), 15 December 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
3070:
2844:
2804:
2601:
2465:
2438:
2393:
1012:
852:
2661:
2631:
2515:
3110:
2985:
2681:
2646:
2566:
2520:
2353:
742:
3030:
2945:
2935:
2703:
2651:
2616:
2576:
2490:
2480:
2470:
2423:
77:; roughly 10 privately owned radio stations are operating; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available in the largest city,
3602:
2314:
872:
3055:
2980:
2666:
2636:
2571:
2535:
2485:
2403:
638:
3040:
604:
17:
2641:
2510:
2475:
2418:
2398:
315:
286:
3166:
2814:
2779:
2744:
2676:
2525:
2363:
3209:
2298:
2221:
2193:
2188:
1213:
661:
403:
332:
2500:
2428:
728:
620:
3145:
2734:
712:
3311:
2691:
1123:
3176:
2626:
2291:
887:
3115:
3090:
2970:
2338:
3840:
3509:
3075:
2884:
2215:
1170:
1166:
791:
3140:
2975:
2383:
731:
3377:
3014:
2995:
2210:
2200:
2180:
1982:
646:
422:
104:
58:
3125:
3105:
3085:
3060:
3025:
2333:
3575:
1179:
2889:
2789:
2540:
1347:
2859:
2505:
2328:
2272:
2205:
2051:
927:
185:
2940:
2448:
3835:
3171:
3130:
2869:
2829:
1977:
1162:
1037:
1027:
832:
2849:
3805:
3324:
2950:
2909:
2071:
1042:
932:
862:
479:
3065:
2854:
2556:
3548:
3421:
3202:
3161:
2864:
2794:
2759:
1856:
1404:
1206:
1102:
1022:
987:
972:
957:
912:
847:
3120:
2433:
719:, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 10 April 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
3628:
3397:
2894:
2839:
2809:
2671:
1967:
977:
2799:
344:
There are no government restrictions on access to the
Internet or credible reports that the government monitors
3553:
3350:
3095:
3035:
3010:
3000:
2990:
2955:
2914:
2819:
2530:
2453:
1962:
1077:
1052:
902:
897:
877:
842:
827:
677:
2591:
3704:
3653:
3585:
3340:
3135:
3100:
3005:
2960:
2739:
2586:
2443:
1987:
1149:
1140:
1131:
1062:
1032:
1017:
1002:
992:
982:
947:
942:
892:
837:
812:
409:
3845:
3749:
3744:
3521:
3304:
3045:
2899:
2879:
2834:
2784:
2764:
2749:
2656:
2378:
2262:
2023:
1920:
1463:
1258:
1230:
1072:
1067:
1007:
962:
922:
817:
451:
173:
2754:
2729:
3568:
3414:
3195:
2774:
2606:
2252:
1759:
1199:
1127:
1047:
997:
952:
937:
917:
907:
882:
822:
695:
157:
2769:
3774:
3648:
3543:
3273:
2111:
2033:
1972:
1679:
1057:
967:
857:
784:
2596:
2388:
335:: 5,376 addresses allocated, less than 0.05% of the world total, 0.5 addresses per 1000 people (2012).
306:: 422 subscriptions, 189th in the world; less than 0.05% of the population, 191st in the world (2012).
3699:
3597:
3592:
3468:
3443:
1883:
1844:
1689:
1589:
1518:
1451:
1278:
635:
583:
601:
3724:
3458:
3448:
3360:
2242:
1484:
1419:
1372:
1332:
757:
352:. Operating in a turbulent political climate, Burundi's media are subject to occasional government
255:
61:(RTNB), the state-controlled broadcaster operates the only national radio network, broadcasting in
2283:
371:, and the government generally respects these rights. The law prohibits the media from spreading "
3769:
3714:
3668:
3526:
3504:
3499:
3297:
2874:
2724:
2708:
2081:
2066:
1910:
1861:
1784:
1684:
1362:
1248:
1243:
241:
480,600 lines, 156th in the world (2008), a large increase, almost doubling the figure from 2006;
98:
658:
30:
include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, the
Internet, and the postal service in
3754:
3643:
3531:
3268:
3050:
2003:
1789:
1604:
1549:
1544:
1357:
1322:
194:
In 2011, system described as sparse open-wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity
3558:
1905:
1709:
1674:
1594:
1574:
1496:
1384:
1305:
777:
207:
195:
43:
1238:
567:
3719:
3663:
3580:
3538:
3516:
3463:
3431:
3252:
2581:
1819:
1779:
1749:
1506:
1441:
1263:
368:
8:
3779:
3734:
3694:
3487:
3473:
3453:
3409:
1829:
1769:
1528:
1490:
1288:
1273:
3798:
3682:
3658:
3616:
3367:
3355:
3332:
3278:
3223:
2056:
2013:
1944:
1814:
1744:
1719:
1654:
1501:
1222:
688:
433:
52:
668:, Country IP Blocks. Accessed on 2 April 2012. Note: Site is said to be updated daily.
611:, Population data, International Programs, U.S. Census Bureau, retrieved 26 June 2013
3739:
3709:
3382:
2919:
2824:
2096:
2018:
1932:
1915:
1878:
1724:
1554:
1523:
1389:
1283:
364:
292:
128,799 users, 167th in the world; 1.2% of the population, 208th in the world (2012);
145:
1764:
3814:
3764:
3759:
3563:
3404:
2101:
2061:
2041:
2008:
1937:
1895:
1809:
1664:
1649:
1624:
1599:
1559:
1409:
1268:
1253:
623:, International Telecommunication Union (Geneva), June 2013, retrieved 22 June 2013
502:
428:
277:
161:
120:
112:
92:
74:
66:
3729:
3633:
3233:
1729:
1584:
1352:
1327:
1315:
735:
684:
665:
642:
608:
357:
116:
70:
1927:
1799:
1774:
1734:
1704:
1579:
1414:
1367:
1342:
1300:
769:
379:
laws prohibit the public distribution of information that exposes a person to "
203:
137:
129:
574:, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 7 January 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
3829:
3372:
2076:
1849:
1839:
1754:
1644:
1639:
1629:
1614:
1436:
1295:
692:
153:
1954:
1794:
1739:
1669:
1634:
1569:
1468:
1458:
1310:
388:
263:
179:
3187:
456:
2154:
1804:
1714:
1699:
1659:
1619:
1478:
372:
84:
No AM radio stations, four FM stations, and one shortwave station (2001).
2159:
1866:
1564:
1473:
1429:
1399:
1377:
353:
349:
2144:
1609:
1424:
1191:
221:
30,400 lines in use, 178th in the world (2008), a decrease from 2006;
149:
78:
3289:
2313:
2139:
2129:
2046:
1871:
1694:
380:
259:
87:
Two AM stations, two FM stations, and no shortwave stations (1998).
3219:
698:. Accessed on 2 April 2012. Note: Data are mostly for 1 July 2012.
3320:
2134:
2119:
1337:
384:
108:
62:
31:
636:"Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012"
2164:
2124:
1446:
345:
107:(RTNB), the state-controlled national network, broadcasting in
631:
629:
614:
383:" and carry penalties of prison terms and fines. The crime of
148:
broadcasts on 90.2 FM in the largest city and former capital,
3392:
3345:
2149:
2086:
1394:
376:
48:
Radio is the main source of information for many
Burundians.
498:
496:
494:
492:
490:
126:
Tele
Renaissance, a private station launched in 2008 (2013).
2091:
626:
600:
Calculated using penetration rate and population data from
250: 343 lines (1995).
708:
706:
704:
2348:
487:
462:
281:
621:"Percentage of Individuals using the Internet 2000-2012"
701:
339:
763:
295: 65,000 users, 167th in the world (2008);
105:
59:
717:Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012
202:domestic telephone system consists of open-wire,
3827:
799:
602:"Countries and Areas Ranked by Population: 2012"
132:, a private television channel launched in 2017.
2315:Internet censorship and surveillance by country
218:17,400 lines in use, 193rd in the world (2012);
3305:
3203:
2299:
1207:
785:
238:2.2 million lines, 140th in the world (2012);
766:(RTNB), the national broadcaster of Burundi.
425:(RTNB), the national broadcaster of Burundi.
404:Postage stamps and postal history of Burundi
3217:
2222:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
3312:
3298:
3210:
3196:
2306:
2292:
2258:
1214:
1200:
792:
778:
596:
594:
509:, 5 June 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
563:
561:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
537:
535:
206:communications, along with low capacity
533:
531:
529:
527:
525:
523:
521:
519:
517:
515:
37:
14:
3828:
1221:
591:
3293:
3191:
2287:
1195:
773:
764:Radio Télévision Nationale du Burundi
647:International Telecommunication Union
423:Burundi National Radio and Television
363:The constitution and law provide for
324:191 hosts, 189th in the world (2009);
321:229 hosts. 198th in the world (2012);
3319:
2268:
512:
340:Internet censorship and surveillance
164:are also available in the capital.
24:
478:from websites or documents of the
25:
3857:
751:
480:United States Department of State
397:
3218:
2267:
2257:
2248:
2247:
2236:
1857:Free-space optical communication
1098:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
868:Democratic Republic of the Congo
474: This article incorporates
469:
450: This article incorporates
445:
298: 60,000 users (2006).
722:
645:, Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE,
95:: 440,000 radios in use (1997).
3351:Origins of Hutu, Tutsi and Twa
760:, registry for the .bi domain.
741:, RĂ©gie Nationale des Postes.
671:
652:
577:
18:Internet censorship in Burundi
13:
1:
3841:Telecommunications in Burundi
729:"Post to Burundi: Historical"
439:
167:
3603:Current provincial governors
3422:Burundian unrest (2015–2018)
2243:Telecommunication portal
2024:Telecommunications equipment
800:Telecommunications in Africa
745:. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
649:. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.
174:Telephone numbers in Burundi
140:: 25,000 sets in use (1997).
7:
3510:Constitution of the Kingdom
1760:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
696:Central Intelligence Agency
416:
270:
258:: one station, operated by
230:17,000 lines in use (1995).
227:27,000 lines in use (2005);
224:35,000 lines in use (2006);
158:Radio France Internationale
10:
3862:
1464:Telecommunications history
410:RĂ©gie Nationale des Postes
401:
171:
41:
3836:Communications in Burundi
3792:
3690:
3681:
3624:
3615:
3495:
3486:
3439:
3430:
3331:
3261:
3240:
3230:
3154:
2928:
2717:
2549:
2321:
2231:
2173:
2110:
2072:Public Switched Telephone
2032:
1996:
1953:
1894:
1884:telecommunication circuit
1845:Fiber-optic communication
1828:
1590:Francis Blake (telephone)
1537:
1385:Optical telecommunication
1229:
1111:
1086:
805:
568:"Communications: Burundi"
186:International call prefix
28:Communications in Burundi
3500:Administrative divisions
2359:Central African Republic
1983:Orbital angular-momentum
1420:Satellite communications
1259:Communications satellite
853:Central African Republic
503:"Burundi profile: Media"
256:Satellite earth stations
2845:Palestinian territories
1862:Molecular communication
1685:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
1514:Undersea telegraph line
1249:Cable protection system
235:Mobile cellular lines:
3015:YouTube video blocking
2966:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2004:Communication protocol
1790:Charles Sumner Tainter
1605:Walter Houser Brattain
1550:Edwin Howard Armstrong
1358:Information revolution
476:public domain material
452:public domain material
196:microwave radio relays
1978:Polarization-division
1710:Narinder Singh Kapany
1675:Erna Schneider Hoover
1595:Jagadish Chandra Bose
1575:Alexander Graham Bell
1306:online video platform
1013:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
873:Republic of the Congo
247:153,000 lines (2005);
244:250,000 lines (2006);
208:microwave radio relay
44:Television in Burundi
3629:Bank of the Republic
3554:Council of Ministers
3389:Burundian genocides
2905:United Arab Emirates
1820:Vladimir K. Zworykin
1780:Almon Brown Strowger
1750:Charles Grafton Page
1405:Prepaid mobile phone
1333:Electrical telegraph
38:Radio and television
3846:Internet in Burundi
3410:Burundian Civil War
2687:Trinidad and Tobago
1770:Johann Philipp Reis
1529:Wireless revolution
1491:The Telephone Cases
1348:Hydraulic telegraph
1088:States with limited
743:English translation
99:Television stations
3654:Telecommunications
3378:Colonial residents
3368:German East Africa
3356:Kingdom of Burundi
3224:Economy of Burundi
2612:Dominican Republic
1968:Frequency-division
1945:Telephone exchange
1815:Charles Wheatstone
1745:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
1720:Innocenzo Manzetti
1655:Reginald Fessenden
1390:Optical telegraphy
1223:Telecommunications
734:2022-06-13 at the
689:The World Factbook
683:2018-10-04 at the
664:2009-05-13 at the
641:2019-07-26 at the
607:2017-03-29 at the
458:The World Factbook
434:Economy of Burundi
310:Wireless broadband
191:Telephone system:
152:, and on 105.6 in
3823:
3822:
3788:
3787:
3745:Human trafficking
3677:
3676:
3611:
3610:
3576:Political parties
3569:National Assembly
3522:Foreign relations
3482:
3481:
3415:1993 coup attempt
3383:Ruzagayura famine
3287:
3286:
3185:
3184:
2281:
2280:
2019:Store and forward
2014:Data transmission
1928:Network switching
1879:Transmission line
1725:Guglielmo Marconi
1690:Internet pioneers
1555:Mohamed M. Atalla
1524:Whistled language
1189:
1188:
1115:other territories
888:Equatorial Guinea
365:freedom of speech
356:and may practice
327:162 hosts (2008).
312:: Unknown (2012).
146:BBC World Service
16:(Redirected from
3853:
3808:
3801:
3688:
3687:
3637:
3622:
3621:
3493:
3492:
3437:
3436:
3405:Second Congo War
3314:
3307:
3300:
3291:
3290:
3222:
3212:
3205:
3198:
3189:
3188:
3177:Papua New Guinea
2461:
2308:
2301:
2294:
2285:
2284:
2271:
2270:
2261:
2260:
2251:
2250:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2112:Notable networks
2102:Wireless network
2042:Cellular network
2034:Types of network
2009:Computer network
1896:Network topology
1810:Thomas A. Watson
1665:Oliver Heaviside
1650:Philo Farnsworth
1625:Daniel Davis Jr.
1600:Charles Bourseul
1560:John Logie Baird
1269:Data compression
1264:Computer network
1216:
1209:
1202:
1193:
1192:
1176:
1175:(United Kingdom)
1171:Tristan da Cunha
1167:Ascension Island
1159:
1146:
1137:
1113:Dependencies and
806:Sovereign states
794:
787:
780:
771:
770:
746:
740:
726:
720:
710:
699:
675:
669:
656:
650:
633:
624:
618:
612:
598:
589:
581:
575:
565:
510:
500:
473:
472:
466:
449:
448:
429:Media of Burundi
278:top-level domain
162:Voice of America
21:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3819:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3784:
3775:Public holidays
3673:
3635:
3607:
3544:Law enforcement
3478:
3426:
3327:
3318:
3288:
3283:
3257:
3236:
3234:Burundian franc
3226:
3216:
3186:
3181:
3150:
3081:North Macedonia
2924:
2713:
2545:
2457:
2317:
2312:
2282:
2277:
2237:
2235:
2227:
2169:
2106:
2028:
1992:
1949:
1898:
1890:
1831:
1824:
1730:Robert Metcalfe
1585:Tim Berners-Lee
1533:
1353:Information Age
1225:
1220:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1174:
1157:
1144:
1135:
1116:
1114:
1107:
1091:
1089:
1082:
801:
798:
754:
749:
738:
736:Wayback Machine
727:
723:
711:
702:
685:Wayback Machine
676:
672:
666:Wayback Machine
657:
653:
643:Wayback Machine
634:
627:
619:
615:
609:Wayback Machine
599:
592:
582:
578:
566:
513:
501:
488:
470:
455:
446:
442:
419:
406:
400:
381:public contempt
358:self-censorship
342:
304:Fixed broadband
273:
176:
170:
138:Television sets
46:
40:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3859:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3810:
3809:
3802:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3705:Communications
3702:
3700:Child marriage
3697:
3691:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3625:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3598:Prime Minister
3595:
3593:Vice-President
3590:
3589:
3588:
3578:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3502:
3496:
3490:
3484:
3483:
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3259:
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3253:Transportation
3250:
3248:Communications
3244:
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3241:Communications
3238:
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3231:
3228:
3227:
3215:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3192:
3183:
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3180:
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3174:
3169:
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3158:
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3149:
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3146:United Kingdom
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
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3063:
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3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2986:Czech Republic
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2932:
2930:
2926:
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2897:
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2807:
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2777:
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2767:
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2706:
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2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
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2649:
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2639:
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2546:
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2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2459:Western Sahara
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
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2319:
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2255:
2245:
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2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2197:
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2191:
2183:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
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2099:
2094:
2089:
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2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2038:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1963:Space-division
1959:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1941:
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1935:
1925:
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1913:
1908:
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1892:
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1864:
1859:
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1852:
1842:
1836:
1834:
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1825:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1800:Camille Tissot
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1775:Claude Shannon
1772:
1767:
1765:Tivadar Puskás
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1735:Antonio Meucci
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1705:Charles K. Kao
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1680:Harold Hopkins
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
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1632:
1627:
1622:
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1607:
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1597:
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1587:
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1580:Emile Berliner
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1519:Videotelephony
1516:
1511:
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1509:
1504:
1494:
1487:
1482:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1455:
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1444:
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1433:
1432:
1422:
1417:
1415:Radiotelephone
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1301:Internet video
1293:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1235:
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1227:
1226:
1219:
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1211:
1204:
1196:
1187:
1186:
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1180:Western Sahara
1177:
1160:
1147:
1138:
1124:Canary Islands
1120:
1119:
1117:
1112:
1109:
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1106:
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1100:
1094:
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1087:
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865:
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845:
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820:
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797:
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789:
782:
774:
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753:
752:External links
750:
748:
747:
721:
700:
670:
659:Select Formats
651:
625:
613:
590:
576:
572:World Factbook
511:
485:
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467:
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398:Postal Service
396:
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316:Internet hosts
313:
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287:Internet users
284:
272:
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266:region (2008).
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204:radiotelephone
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142:
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135:
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96:
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53:Radio stations
39:
36:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3858:
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3376:
3375:
3374:
3373:Ruanda-Urundi
3371:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3346:Urewe culture
3344:
3342:
3339:
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3336:
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3330:
3326:
3322:
3315:
3310:
3308:
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3124:
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3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
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3104:
3102:
3099:
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3089:
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3019:
3016:
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3004:
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2999:
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2692:United States
2690:
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2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
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2668:
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2660:
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2514:
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2504:
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2477:
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2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2409:Guinea-Bissau
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
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2372:
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2367:
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2362:
2360:
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2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
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2327:
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2324:
2320:
2316:
2309:
2304:
2302:
2297:
2295:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2274:
2266:
2264:
2256:
2254:
2246:
2244:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2223:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1988:Code-division
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1973:Time-division
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:and switching
1897:
1893:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1850:optical fiber
1848:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1840:Coaxial cable
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1755:Radia Perlman
1753:
1751:
1748:
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1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
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1726:
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1713:
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1698:
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1693:
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1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1645:Lee de Forest
1643:
1641:
1640:Thomas Edison
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1630:Donald Davies
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1615:Claude Chappe
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
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1573:
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1568:
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1563:
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1556:
1553:
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1546:
1543:
1542:
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1536:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1459:Smoke signals
1457:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1437:Semiconductor
1435:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
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928:Guinea-Bissau
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693:United States
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68:
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57:
56:
54:
51:
50:
49:
45:
35:
33:
29:
19:
3770:Prostitution
3715:Demographics
3669:Trade unions
3527:Human rights
3505:Constitution
3247:
2900:Turkmenistan
2860:Saudi Arabia
2506:South Africa
2496:Sierra Leone
2344:Burkina Faso
1955:Multiplexing
1830:Transmission
1795:Nikola Tesla
1785:Henry Sutton
1740:Samuel Morse
1670:Robert Hooke
1635:Amos Dolbear
1570:John Bardeen
1489:
1469:Telautograph
1373:Mobile phone
1328:Edholm's law
1311:social media
1244:Broadcasting
1163:Saint Helena
1134:
1038:South Africa
1028:Sierra Leone
833:Burkina Faso
724:
716:
673:
654:
616:
584:
579:
571:
506:
457:
408:
407:
393:
389:public peace
362:
348:or Internet
343:
264:Indian Ocean
215:Main lines:
180:Calling code
143:
47:
27:
26:
3755:LGBT rights
3644:Agriculture
3532:LGBT rights
3269:Agriculture
3172:New Zealand
3131:Switzerland
3076:Netherlands
2870:South Korea
2850:Philippines
2830:North Korea
2725:Afghanistan
2697:Puerto Rico
2622:El Salvador
2414:Ivory Coast
2155:NPL network
1867:Radio waves
1805:Alfred Vail
1715:Hedy Lamarr
1700:Dawon Kahng
1660:Elisha Gray
1620:Yogen Dalal
1545:Nasir Ahmed
1479:Teleprinter
1343:Heliographs
1090:recognition
1043:South Sudan
933:Ivory Coast
739:(in French)
154:Mount Manga
123:(2013); and
3830:Categories
3636:(currency)
3559:Parliament
3262:Industries
3232:Currency:
3071:Montenegro
3051:Kazakhstan
2951:Azerbaijan
2910:Uzbekistan
2890:Tajikistan
2805:Kyrgyzstan
2755:East Timor
2735:Bangladesh
2602:Costa Rica
2466:Mozambique
2449:Mauritania
2439:Madagascar
2201:Antarctica
2160:Toasternet
2082:Television
1565:Paul Baran
1497:Television
1481:(teletype)
1474:Telegraphy
1452:transistor
1430:Phryctoria
1400:Photophone
1378:Smartphone
1368:Mass media
1145:(Portugal)
1103:Somaliland
1023:Seychelles
988:Mozambique
973:Mauritania
958:Madagascar
913:The Gambia
848:Cape Verde
678:Population
440:References
402:See also:
354:censorship
350:chat rooms
172:See also:
168:Telephones
42:See also:
3750:Languages
3720:Education
3664:Transport
3581:President
3539:Judiciary
3517:Elections
3464:Provinces
3432:Geography
3162:Australia
3061:Lithuania
2875:Sri Lanka
2865:Singapore
2770:Indonesia
2760:Hong Kong
2709:Venezuela
2662:Nicaragua
2632:Guatemala
2627:Greenland
2557:Argentina
2516:Swaziland
2185:Americas
2174:Locations
2145:Internet2
1906:Bandwidth
1610:Vint Cerf
1507:streaming
1485:Telephone
1425:Semaphore
1316:streaming
978:Mauritius
713:"Burundi"
276:Internet
150:Bujumbura
79:Bujumbura
3815:Category
3780:Religion
3735:Football
3695:Abortion
3549:Military
3488:Politics
3474:Wildlife
3454:Communes
3341:Timeline
3325:articles
3116:Slovenia
3111:Slovakia
3091:Portugal
2971:Bulgaria
2895:Thailand
2840:Pakistan
2815:Mongolia
2810:Malaysia
2745:Cambodia
2682:Suriname
2672:Paraguay
2647:Honduras
2597:Colombia
2567:Barbados
2550:Americas
2541:Zimbabwe
2521:Tanzania
2389:Ethiopia
2374:Congo RO
2369:Congo DR
2354:Cameroon
2339:Botswana
2253:Category
2140:Internet
2130:CYCLADES
2047:Ethernet
1997:Concepts
1921:terminal
1872:wireless
1695:Bob Kahn
1538:Pioneers
1363:Internet
1254:Cable TV
1169: /
1165: /
1158:(France)
1152: /
1130: /
1126: /
1078:Zimbabwe
1053:Tanzania
903:Ethiopia
898:Eswatini
878:Djibouti
843:Cameroon
828:Botswana
732:Archived
681:Archived
662:Archived
639:Archived
605:Archived
507:BBC News
417:See also
271:Internet
260:Intelsat
160:and the
3799:Outline
3710:Cuisine
3683:Culture
3659:Tourism
3617:Economy
3449:Climate
3333:History
3321:Burundi
3279:Tourism
3155:Oceania
3141:Ukraine
3096:Romania
3066:Moldova
3041:Ireland
3036:Iceland
3031:Hungary
3021:Georgia
3011:Germany
3001:Finland
2996:Estonia
2991:Denmark
2976:Croatia
2961:Belgium
2956:Belarus
2946:Austria
2941:Armenia
2936:Albania
2915:Vietnam
2820:Myanmar
2730:Bahrain
2704:Uruguay
2652:Jamaica
2617:Ecuador
2577:Bolivia
2562:Bahamas
2531:Tunisia
2501:Somalia
2491:Senegal
2481:Nigeria
2471:Namibia
2454:Morocco
2429:Liberia
2424:Lesotho
2384:Eritrea
2349:Burundi
2329:Algeria
2273:Commons
2263:Outline
2216:Oceania
2135:FidoNet
2120:ARPANET
1933:circuit
1502:digital
1231:History
1154:RĂ©union
1150:Mayotte
1141:Madeira
1136:(Spain)
1132:Melilla
1063:Tunisia
1033:Somalia
1018:Senegal
1003:Nigeria
993:Namibia
983:Morocco
948:Liberia
943:Lesotho
893:Eritrea
863:Comoros
838:Burundi
813:Algeria
385:treason
262:in the
121:English
113:Swahili
109:Kirundi
81:(2007).
75:English
67:Swahili
63:Kirundi
32:Burundi
3740:Health
3649:Mining
3634:Franc
3564:Senate
3469:Rivers
3444:Cities
3323:
3274:Mining
3136:Turkey
3126:Sweden
3106:Serbia
3101:Russia
3086:Poland
3056:Latvia
3026:Greece
3006:France
2981:Cyprus
2929:Europe
2885:Taiwan
2800:Kuwait
2795:Jordan
2785:Israel
2740:Bhutan
2667:Panama
2657:Mexico
2637:Guyana
2587:Canada
2582:Brazil
2572:Belize
2536:Zambia
2486:Rwanda
2444:Malawi
2404:Guinea
2394:Gambia
2334:Angola
2322:Africa
2211:Europe
2181:Africa
2165:Usenet
2125:BITNET
2062:Mobile
1938:packet
1447:MOSFET
1442:device
1239:Beacon
1173:
1156:
1143:
1073:Zambia
1068:Uganda
1008:Rwanda
963:Malawi
923:Guinea
818:Angola
758:NIC.bi
346:e-mail
182:: +257
119:, and
117:French
93:Radios
73:, and
71:French
3806:Index
3765:Music
3760:Media
3459:Lakes
3361:kings
3121:Spain
3046:Italy
2920:Yemen
2880:Syria
2855:Qatar
2825:Nepal
2790:Japan
2765:India
2750:China
2642:Haiti
2592:Chile
2511:Sudan
2476:Niger
2434:Libya
2419:Kenya
2399:Ghana
2379:Egypt
2194:South
2189:North
2150:JANET
2087:Telex
2077:Radio
1916:Nodes
1911:Links
1832:media
1410:Radio
1395:Pager
1323:Drums
1289:video
1284:image
1274:audio
1128:Ceuta
1048:Sudan
998:Niger
953:Libya
938:Kenya
918:Ghana
908:Gabon
883:Egypt
823:Benin
454:from
377:Libel
369:press
3730:Flag
3586:list
3398:1993
3393:1972
3167:Fiji
2835:Oman
2780:Iraq
2775:Iran
2718:Asia
2677:Peru
2607:Cuba
2526:Togo
2364:Chad
2206:Asia
2092:UUCP
2052:ISDN
1058:Togo
968:Mali
858:Chad
373:hate
367:and
333:IPv4
188:: 00
144:The
130:BeTV
2097:WAN
2067:NGN
2057:LAN
1338:Fax
1279:DCT
463:CIA
282:.bi
3832::
715:,
703:^
691:,
687:,
628:^
593:^
570:,
514:^
505:,
489:^
461:.
360:.
318::
289::
280::
156:;
115:,
111:,
101::
69:,
65:,
55::
34:.
3313:e
3306:t
3299:v
3211:e
3204:t
3197:v
3017:)
3013:(
2462:)
2456:(
2307:e
2300:t
2293:v
2224:)
2220:(
1215:e
1208:t
1201:v
793:e
786:t
779:v
482:.
465:.
210:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.