295:. However, the TRA is also authorized to demand the operator or service provider to monitor communications between users as well as Internet traffic to trace âharassing, offensive, or illegalâ telecommunications, although what constitutes these prohibited communications is not specified. Where an issue of national security or a criminal case is involved, operators and service providers must hand over the required information and give the authorities immediate access to their network. In cases where no such immediate need exists, the TRA still has the right to ârelevant informationâ as long as the TRA has given two weeksâ notice. In its Acceptable Use Policy, the AFGNIC prohibits the use of the â.afâ domain to make any communications to commit a criminal offense; racially vilify others; violate intellectual property rights; and distribute, publish, or link to pornographic materials that a âreasonable person as a member of the community of Afghanistan would consider to be obscene or indecentâ. The ban on spam or junk mail also includes unsolicited political or religious tracts along with commercial advertising and other information.
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a directory of local and international Afghan-related websites, Afghanistan maps, businesses, historical documents, chat services, email services, books, etc. After collapse of the
Taliban, there was an exponential growth of both ISPs and websites, fueled by governmental and non-governmental organizations as well as private enterprises. After the Taliban regained control of the government in 2021, they did not ban the internet as they did in the 1990s. They did, however, ban certain applications such as TikTok.
30:
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mandate is to protect users from the abuse of monopoly market share: companies determined to have âsignificant market powerâ must apply to have an amended license and are subject to additional penalties for anti-competitive behavior. A license may be revoked if the licensee has broken the law or has failed to fix repeated breaches in the agreement, has misleading/false information in their application, or does not pay the fee even after a warning.
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reviews appeals of rejections of licenses by the
Ministry of Information and Culture. The proposed amendment to the Media Law in late 2006 dissolved the Media Evaluation Commission and two other regulatory bodies, the National Commission of Radio and Television Broadcast, and an investigation commission that reviewed complaints against journalists and decided which cases should be forwarded to courts for prosecution.
311:). President Karzai denied these were instructions, saying they were merely guidelines and a request for media cooperation. Restricted activities included the publication or broadcasting of exaggerated reports against national unity or peace; decrees, statements and interviews of armed organizations and terrorist groups; and even the proscription against news on terrorism serving as the lead story.
307:(NDS), Afghanistan's national intelligence agency, issued a list of broadcasting and publishing activities that âmust be bannedâ in light of heightened security problems that could deteriorate public morale. The list of proscribed press activities was quite extensive and attributed negative intention, causality, and morality to reporting on specific issues (primarily terrorism and the
586:ÙŸÛÙŰłŰȘ ), a local mobile social network was launched. It is based on mobile, and its users connect with their friends and create groups and communities through SMS. With more than half of the Afghan population owning a mobile phone, Paywast is believed to have more than a million users across Afghanistan. The social network is available on the
281:(TRA) was created out of the merger of the Telecommunications Regulatory Board and the State Radio Inspection Department (SRID) under the Ministry of Communications. The TRA assumed responsibility for telecommunications licensing as well as promoting sustainable competition for all telecommunications services.
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are straightforward: companies must abide by the law to be licensed by the TRA, and only those with licenses can sell telecommunications services. Of the two types of ISP licenses, transit and national licenses, only transit licenses allow ISPs to establish international connectivity. Part of the TRA
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In the 1990s, Afghanistan was almost completely offline due to war and later banned from the internet by the
Taliban. During this time, Afghan websites were developed mostly by the Afghan diaspora in the west, including the first Afghan web directory, afghana.com, which launched in 1999 and provided
268:
enacted by the transitional government, which handed the
Minister of Culture and Information important veto powers (e.g., foreign agencies and international organizations may print news bulletins only after obtaining permission from the Minister) and leadership of a Media Evaluation Commission that
255:
or insulting materials concerning individuals; matters contrary to the Afghan
Constitution or criminal law; and the exposure of the identities of victims of violence. A draft amendment of the law circulating in 2006 added four additional proscribed categories: content jeopardizing the stability,
256:
national security, and territorial integrity of
Afghanistan; false information that might disrupt public opinion; promotion of any religion other than Islam; and "material which might damage physical well-being, psychological and moral security of people, especially children and the youth".
243:, and every Afghan has the right to print or publish topics without prior submission to state authorities in accordance with the law. However, the normative limit of the law is clear: under the Constitution no law can be contrary to the beliefs and provisions of the sacred religion of
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believed that it may be used to broadcast obscene, immoral and anti-Islamic material, and because the few internet users at the time could not be easily monitored as they obtained their telephone lines from neighboring
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in
December 2005, just before the national legislature was formed, included a ban on four broad content categories: the publication of news contrary to Islam and other religions;
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can create opportunities for disadvantaged groups and improve the access of the rural poor to markets. In
November 2006, the MCIT contracted a Chinese firm (
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With the approval of the
Telecommunications Services Regulation Act in 2005 (Telecom Law), an independent regulatory agency called the Afghanistan
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329:. The country currently has 9,237,489 regular internet users. According to a 2020 estimate, over 7 million residents, which is roughly 18% of the
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had the most internet users. The country has 327,000 IP addresses, 23,000,000 mobile cellular telephone subscriptions and around 6,000
106:
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testing found no evidence of filtering in
Afghanistan, although testing was not as extensive there as it was in some other countries.
247:. Mass media law has become increasingly attentive to more vigorous adherence to this principle. The Media Law decreed by President
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Afghans have long recognized the internet as an important source of growth and development for the country, believing that
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In April 2024, the Taliban government announced that they would block Facebook in the country, but it didn't happen.
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in 2003, and the Afghanistan Network Information Center (AFGNIC) was established to administer domain names. The
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94:(ISPs) in 2003, Afghanistan supported twenty-two internet hosts and seven main ISPs, and a growing number of
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services began in the country in 2012 and are provided by all major telecommunication companies, including
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Nearly all popular online services and over five million websites are available in Afghanistan, including
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1058:"The Evolution in the Taliban's Media Strategy | Program on Extremism | The George Washington University"
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cable network in the country. The price of internet gradually began reducing in the late 2010s.
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with spinning off all telecommunications operations and services. Up from five functional
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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The independence of the media was also brought into question by the March 2004
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The following are some of the internet service providers in Afghanistan:
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1395:"Telecommunications Company Launches 4G Services in Western Afghanistan"
1356:"AWCC expands communication, internet services in southern Afghanistan"
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and telekiosks (public access points located in post offices and at
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Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (Afghanistan)
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1588:"Taliban Declare Plans To Block Access To Facebook In Afghanistan"
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1638:"SILK-Afghanistan: expanding internet connectivity (2006-2016)"
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988:"AWCC Opens 4G Internet Services for First Time in Afghanistan"
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1630:"Taliban Continues Censorship, Web Blocks As It Promises 4G"
1618:"Kabul residents complain about patchy, expensive internet"
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333:, had access to the internet. It was reported in 2010 that
86:(MCIT), charged a newly created independent company called
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784:"Asia Internet Stats by Country and Population Statistics"
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1188:"Taliban Bans TikTok, Popular Video Game In Afghanistan"
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102:). The country currently has around 6,000 .af domains.
51:, and is used by over 9 million people as of 2022. The
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Under the Telecom Law, ISPs are duty-bound to protect
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Ministry of Communications and Information Technology
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Legal rights to freedom of expression and its limits
59:. Prior to that year, it was prohibited because the
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1212:"Individuals using the Internet (% of population)"
906:"The battle for control of Afghanistan's internet"
157:
1100:"Hell of a Nation ~ Resources | Wide Angle | PBS"
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1171:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
622:Afghanistan Faiz Satellite Communication (AFSAT)
273:Telecommunications services and their regulation
55:officially became available in 2002 during the
239:Freedom of expression is inviolable under the
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963:"Govt Reduces Internet Prices By 37 Percent"
298:
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1013:"Etisalat launches 4G LTE service in Balkh"
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1448:"Io Global Services Private Limited (IOG)"
1154:. Archived from the original on 2022-01-19
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107:information and communication technologies
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1038:"3G / 4G / 5G coverage map, Afghanistan"
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178:Female students using the internet at
145:services became available as of 2017.
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908:. Wired (magazine). September 7, 2021
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697:Unique Atlantic Telecommunication LTD
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325:The Internet is available in all 34
293:user information and confidentiality
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1518:"Rahanet Internet Service Provider"
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1632:. Bloomberg News. August 31, 2022.
1252:Paywast - Mobile Social Networking
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18:Internet censorship in Afghanistan
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927:"National Optical Fiber Backbone"
35:Polytechnical University of Kabul
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664:IO Global Services Limited (IOG)
305:National Directorate of Security
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158:Legal and regulatory frameworks
1991:British Indian Ocean Territory
1462:"Liwal Telecommunications LLC"
1242:", Altai Consulting, July 2010
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61:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
47:is available in all of its 34
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839:. Central Intelligence Agency
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749:Communications in Afghanistan
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1192:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
667:Liwal Telecommunications LLC
279:Telecom Regulatory Authority
7:
1640:. NATO. September 15, 2022.
809:"Digital 2022: Afghanistan"
712:
582:In early 2011, Paywast (in
241:Constitution of Afghanistan
170:in the south of the country
100:Kabul International Airport
10:
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1082:"INTERNET and AFGHANISTAN"
605:Internet service providers
190:Afghans using internet in
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92:internet service providers
57:presidency of Hamid Karzai
2019:
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1381:"Ariana Network Services"
1147:Marjan, Muhammad (2003).
759:Mass media in Afghanistan
299:Security and intelligence
260:Independence of the media
211:This article needs to be
194:, in northern Afghanistan
1740:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
754:Education in Afghanistan
327:provinces of Afghanistan
113:) for the establishment
2060:Internet in Afghanistan
2001:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1186:Azadi, RFE/RL's Radio.
635:Ariana Network Services
321:Statistics and services
45:Internet in Afghanistan
936:. 2006. Archived from
303:On June 12, 2006, the
285:Licensing requirements
195:
183:
182:in western Afghanistan
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141:, and Salaam Network.
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33:Internet users at the
1420:"Hewad ICT Solutions"
641:Asan Network Services
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1915:United Arab Emirates
1624:. 11 September 2022.
1233:Media in Afghanistan
1098:admin (2004-09-09).
1062:Program on Extremism
682:PACTEC International
1942:limited recognition
1622:Pajhwok Afghan News
1532:"RANA Technologies"
1124:"Aid Organizations"
658:Hewad ICT Solutions
619:Afghan ICT Solution
481:The Free Dictionary
385:PlayStation Network
168:Kandahar University
1560:"TriStar Internet"
1401:. October 13, 2022
1238:2011-05-28 at the
1214:. World Bank. 2020
1019:. 30 December 2020
879:OpenNet Initiative
837:The World Factbook
811:. 15 February 2022
727:Afghanistan portal
638:Aryan Technologies
549:Archive of Our Own
315:OpenNet Initiative
309:Taliban insurgency
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1984:other territories
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688:RANA Technologies
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166:Internet user at
16:(Redirected from
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1996:Christmas Island
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1594:. 11 April 2024
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1362:. March 3, 2022
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