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International Fellowship of Reconciliation

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293:, Henri Rose and Percy Bartlett. They travelled carrying the Fellowship's messages around Europe, in Scandinavia, Central Europe, Poland, the Baltic States and the Balkans, giving life to several international conferences that took place between the two world wars. The first one gathered 200 delegates from 20 nations (also India, Burma and Ukraine) in Sonntagberg in Austria. Many others followed and, in such a tense historical moment, IFOR members discussed about the necessity of disarmament and of a new role of Churches, asking clergymen to make a strong stand against the idea of "righteous wars". In 1932, the IFOR led a Youth Crusade across Europe in support of the Geneva World Disarmament Conference. Protestants and Catholics from all over converged on Geneva by various routes, reaching over 50,000 people and presenting to the Conference a petition calling for total disarmament among the nations. 225:
live in exile during the Nazi period. FOR Germany was officially reestablished just in 1956 with Dr Siegmund Schultze as president. Shortly after the Cambridge conference, in the autumn of 1915, Henry Hodgkin went over to America and, 11 and 12 November, the American Fellowship was founded during a Conference at Garden City, Long Island. More than a thousand members enrolled in the American Fellowship before and during the war, which, for the US, begun on 6 April 1917. Also, Cornelius Boeke made a trip to Europe, where he established international social networks for the work of FOR. Because of this and the peace work of Boeke, he was deported to his home country Holland by the national court of England.
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conflict and militarization, where women are often severely abused. Gender justice means that women and men can equally contribute to and benefit from peace building, non-violent conflict resolution and reconciliation. This gender policy recognizes that gender equality is an integral part of IFOR's fundamental values and is a core spiritual value. A transformation of the power relations between women and men is a prerequisite for a culture of peace and non-violence, and must be promoted throughout IFOR. The Women Peacemaker Program (WPP) is an IFOR program that works to ensure the possibility for women's access to peace negotiations and promotes the application of IFOR's Gender Policy.
238: 281:(International Voluntary Service for Peace), initially organizing work camps in areas torn apart by war, with volunteers from former enemy countries. Relief for the victims of war was carried out, and international conferences and meetings spread the work of peace to many other parts of the globe. Immediately after Bilthoven IFOR appointed travelling secretaries such as 253:" (Christian international), which later became the "International Fellowship of Reconciliation." The conference was held in Boekes house in the town of Bilthoven where 50 pacifists from ten different countries met. Many of the pacifists became straight to Bilthoven from the conference of World Alliance organized in Haag day before. In relation to the 228:
During the war time, Fellowship of Reconciliation focused its activities mainly on trying to influence public opinion, to help victims of war and war prisoners. 600 people in England went to prison for helping more than 16.000 imprisoned during the war. When conscription began in Britain in 1916 and
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IFOR assists groups and individuals to find ways in which they can transform conflicts into positive and growth oriented interactions that involve dialogue and lead to reconciliation. The Nonviolent Education Program aims at supporting sustainable implementation of nonviolence/nonviolent education,
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from Argentina was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1980. SERPAJ participated in the nonviolent resistance to Chile's 16-year-long military dictatorship, which culminates in free elections that restored democracy. Hildegard Goss-Mayrs' training in active nonviolence contributed significantly to the
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in 1915, in which the "Fellowship of Reconciliation" (FOR England) was established. The German branch, Versöhnungsbund, was founded later. It held its first conference in 1932, but in 1933, when Hitler came to power, it dissolved. Schultze was arrested 27 times during World War I and was forced to
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broke out, travels and communications became almost impossible. In many countries IFOR members suffered persecution for publicly preaching pacifism. IFOR's members, especially in America tried by inter-church mediation to find ways of ending the war, to help conscientious objectors, and struggled
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IFOR maintains permanent representatives at the United Nations (UN) in New York, Geneva, Vienna and Paris (UNESCO) who regularly participate in conferences and meetings of UN bodies, providing testimony and expertise from different regional perspectives, promoting non-violent alternatives in the
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The first headquarters of the Christian international was in Holland. Later, in 1923, Headquarters were moved to England, when the movements name was transformed to IFOR. This International Fellowship of Reconciliation became an umbrella organisation to which national branches of Fellowship of
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In 2006 IFOR adopted a Gender Policy in which IFOR recognizes that there is a continuum of violence against women that must be confronted, from family violence in the private sphere to armed conflict in the public sphere. Unequal power relations between women and men are one root of violence,
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Since its founding, IFOR has opposed war and preparations for war. IFOR members support conscientious objectors, campaign for a ban on land mines, and oppose nuclear weapons and all other weapons of mass destruction. During their annual meeting, European members from different branches of the
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Thanks to the Youth Working Group, IFOR provides young people with the skills and opportunities to become active peacemakers. This is done through nonviolence and leadership training, campaigning, and through internships with IFOR branches and groups, or with the International Secretariat.
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Religion has on occasion played a central role in fomenting conflict but can also be a source of inspiration and leadership for peace. IFOR sponsors interfaith delegations to areas of conflict and publishes material on nonviolence from different religious traditions.
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Since the initiation of the United Nations Decade for a Culture of Peace and Nonviolence for the Children of the World, in 2001, IFOR members have been active in working for peace education and in working to establish national coalitions to support the Decade.
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At the end of the 1930s, given the unstable international situation, IFOR established Embassies of Reconciliation that initiated peace efforts not only in Europe but in Japan and China as well. "Ambassadors of Reconciliation", such as George Lansbury,
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International Fellowship of Reconciliation issued the Declaration of Prali, in occasion of the Global day of Action on Military Spending, 17 April 2012. The Peace and Constitution Committee Working Group promotes actions to raise awareness on the
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in the United States many FOR members refused military service. Many of the members of the FOR were accused for supporting of being pro-German because of their peace endeavours and this led even to physical assaults of the members of FOR.
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and offer a better solution for social justice. In their first declaration, the conferees said that they want to follow the revolutionary ideals of Christ in order to achieve a Christian revolution that is based on love and nonviolence.
330:, a community center with educational, social and recreational purposes, run by her and her sister Doris, and then in India when she went with him in Bihar on his anti-untouchability tour during 1934. When 124:) is a non-governmental organization founded in 1914 in response to the horrors of war in Europe. Today IFOR counts 71 branches, groups and affiliates in 48 countries on all continents. IFOR members promote 250: 249:
After the end of war, in 1919, the deported Kees Boeke and Henry Hodgkin met in Holland, where they decided to organize the first international conference, which led to the formation of "
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After the war, travelling secretaries continued their work. IFOR branches and affiliates in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East grew consistently also thanks to the work of
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in 1986, as well as the growth of nonviolent movements in Asia and Africa. The Goss-Mayrs, IFOR Honorary Presidents, were central to the global spread of active nonviolence movement.
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peace education and violence prevention in compulsory kindergarten and school education and thus consequent implementation of Children's Rights expressed in the
2039: 1907: 1300: 574: 343:, saved the lives of thousands of Jews escaping the Holocaust. In Belgium, feminist Magda Yoors Peeters defends Jewish refugees and conscientious objectors. 322:. Muriel Lester, English social worker, served as IFOR travelling secretary throughout the world, helping to establish its work in many countries. She met 1882: 1736: 809: 779: 1086: 1822: 1751: 1009: 1955: 1929: 367:
represented the IFOR in that nation. From such labors arose Servicio Paz y Justicia (SERPAJ) throughout Latin America. SERPAJ's founder
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facilitates communication among IFOR members, links branches to capacity building resources, provides training in gender-sensitive
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through the Women Peacemakers Program, and helps coordinate international campaigns, delegations and urgent actions. IFOR has
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Vera Brittain, "The Rebel Passion: a History of Some Pioneer Peace-Makers", George Allen and Unwin ltd, London, 1964, p.40
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fields of human rights, development, and disarmament. IFOR has observer and consultative status to the United Nations,
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List of papers of John Nevin Sayre held at Swarthmore College, Pennsylvania, and Sayre's biographical details
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Spirit of the Comintern? Historical Contexts of the Movement towards a Christian international 1919 - 1923
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After coming into his home country, Hodgkins invited his Quaker – and often socialist – friends, such as
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through public education efforts, training programs and campaigns. The IFOR International Secretariat in
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Spirit of the Comintern? Historical Contexts of the Movement towards a Christian international 1919-1923
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of World Alliance, the conferees wanted to establish organization that has its basis more in
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The Radicalism Handbook: Radical Activists, Groups and Movements of the Twentieth Century
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First international gathering of International Fellowship of Reconciliation at
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World Alliance for the promotion international Friendship through the Churches
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The successful program has been institutionalized by the end of 2012.
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IFOR has 71 member organizations in 48 countries in all continents.
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against internment of Japanese Americans. In France, IFOR members
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International Secretariat, Obrechtstraat, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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The Rebel Passion: A Short History of Some Pioneer Peace-Makers
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The Rebel Passion: A Short History of Some Pioneer Peace-Makers
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jailed several times for his peace witness. He established the
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After World War One: strengthening the international movement
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and Anne Seesholtz, visited many world leaders, including
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International Confederation for Disarmament and Peace
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from Paris and Vienna, three times nominated for the
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which denounces war and war-preparation activities.
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Non Violent Resistance (psychological intervention)
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Syracuse University Press, New York, 1999 619:"International Fellowship of Reconciliation" 273:IFOR first secretary was the Swiss pacifist 1114: 1100: 872: 469:United Nations Economic and Social Council 251:Movement towards a Christian international 118:International Fellowship of Reconciliation 19:International Fellowship of Reconciliation 1705:Global Day of Action on Military Spending 427: 853: 837: 807: 777: 236: 339:, with the help of the villagers of le 2032: 1437:Soviet influence on the peace movement 899: 444:article 9 of the Japanese Constitution 1624:World March for Peace and Nonviolence 1095: 957: 868: 866: 670:"Home - Fellowship of Reconciliation" 517: 413:Convention on the Rights of the Child 164: 92:Blas García Noriega - Vice president 1781:Third Party Non-violent Intervention 418: 471:(ECOSOC) and UNESCO organizations. 397:Decade for a Culture of Nonviolence 90:Lotta Sjöström Becker - President 13: 2006:Peacebuilding in Jammu and Kashmir 1903:Anti-war protests in Russia (2014) 1191:Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp 863: 810:"The Fellowship of Reconciliation" 780:"The Fellowship of Reconciliation" 406:Nonviolence education and training 80:Over 70 members all over the world 14: 2056: 1498:International Day of Non-Violence 1156:Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions 1071: 878:Pacifism in the Twentieth Century 636:Pacifism in the Twentieth Century 510:Lotta Sjöström Becker (2018–2022) 449: 391: 1908:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 808:Ferguson, John (December 1984), 778:Ferguson, John (December 1984), 526:recipients are members of IFOR: 169:The first body to use the name " 1281:Social Democratic Party (Japan) 1041: 1027: 995: 989:"*NVE - Non Violent Education*" 981: 967: 962:, Hyde park, NY: New City Press 951: 925: 893: 847: 831: 819:, History, IFOR, archived from 801: 789:, History, IFOR, archived from 771: 762: 492:Akadim Chikandamina (1996–2000) 197:), who were participating in a 1201:List of pacifist organisations 748: 722: 696: 662: 649: 625: 611: 597: 580:List of anti-war organizations 513:Zoughbi Zoughbi (2022-present) 507:Davorka Lovrekovic (2014–2018) 504:Hans Ulrich Gerber (2010–2014) 436: 372:people power overthrow of the 220:, to organize a conference in 94:Peter Cousins - Vice president 1: 590: 489:Marie-Pierre Bovy (1992–1996) 474: 297:Ambassadors of Reconciliation 1607:World Peace Bell Association 1508:Dialogue Among Civilizations 1211:New Socialist Party of Japan 1196:Iraq War resisters in Canada 1161:Coalition of Women for Peace 462:International representation 171:Fellowship of Reconciliation 7: 1775:The whole world is watching 1543:Peace & Love (festival) 1493:Imagine Piano Peace Project 568: 498:Jonathan Sisson (2002–2006) 191:Friedrich Siegmund-Schultze 10: 2061: 1898:2011 intervention in Libya 1518:List of places named Peace 1503:International Day of Peace 1221:Peace and conflict studies 1141:Anti-nuclear organizations 495:Virginia Baron (2000–2002) 383: 159: 2014: 1943: 1808: 1632: 1533:Nobel Peace Prize Concert 1528:Mother's Day Proclamation 1478:Dances of Universal Peace 1455: 1309: 1291:The Women's Peace Crusade 1133: 98: 84: 74: 55: 41: 31: 23: 1794:Violence begets violence 1727:Non-aggression principle 1597:The Non-Violence Project 1577:Promoting Enduring Peace 1560:Promoting Enduring Peace 1216:Pacifist Socialist Party 556:Mairead Corrigan-Maguire 1888:Military action in Iran 1523:Monuments and memorials 1473:Concert Yutel for Peace 1276:React, Include, Recycle 1206:List of peace activists 1171:Conscientious objectors 958:Deats, Richard (2009), 876:; Young, Nigel (1999), 854:Brittain, Vera (1964), 838:Brittain, Vera (1964), 585:List of peace activists 501:Jan Schacke (2006–2010) 363:. New Zealand pacifist 263:Communist International 1809:Opposition to specific 1764:Swords to ploughshares 1758:Soldiers are murderers 1151:Anti-war organizations 550:Martin Luther King Jr. 428:Interfaith cooperation 337:André and Magda Trocmé 246: 245:, Netherlands, in 1919 1811:wars or their aspects 1732:Nonviolent resistance 1582:Show of Peace Concert 1347:Anti-nuclear movement 900:Button, John (1995), 562:Adolfo Pérez Esquivel 369:Adolfo Perez Esquivel 240: 1893:Sri Lankan Civil War 1787:Turn the other cheek 1602:University for Peace 1513:List of peace prizes 908:, ABC-CLIO, p.  817:The Cambridge Review 787:The Cambridge Review 376:dictatorship in the 320:Franklin D Roosevelt 1935:Nuclear disarmament 1918:in Russian Far East 1675:Department of Peace 1660:Counter-recruitment 1655:Conflict resolution 1645:Central Park be-ins 1633:Slogans and tactics 1612:Japanese Peace Bell 1402:Non-interventionism 1397:Modern-war pacifism 1335:Christian anarchism 357:Hildegard Goss-Mayr 259:Christian socialism 20: 2045:Christian pacifism 1829:American Civil War 1721:Make love, not war 1695:Economic sanctions 1650:Civil disobedience 1483:Festival for Peace 1456:Media and cultural 1442:Testimony of peace 1362:Christian pacifism 939:on 22 January 2012 672:. 16 October 2013. 537:Emily Greene Balch 518:Nobel Peace Prizes 341:Chambon sur Lignon 247: 199:Christian pacifist 165:Origins in wartime 18: 2027: 2026: 1930:Military taxation 1800:War tax resisters 1367:Deterrence theory 1146:Anti-war movement 826:on 4 October 2006 796:on 4 October 2006 710:on 13 August 2016 634:and Nigel Young, 524:Nobel Peace Prize 419:Youth empowerment 361:Nobel Peace Prize 114: 113: 2052: 1854:list of protests 1715:Lesson of Munich 1670:Demilitarisation 1548:Peace journalism 1342:Anti-imperialism 1325:Anarcho-pacifism 1261:Peace psychology 1241:Peace conference 1236:Peace commission 1181:Culture of Peace 1116: 1109: 1102: 1093: 1092: 1083: 1082: 1080:Official website 1065: 1064: 1062: 1060: 1051:. 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Index

Disarmament
racism
gender equality
www.ifor.org
nonviolence
human rights
reconciliation
Utrecht
Netherlands
nonviolence
ECOSOC
United Nations
Fellowship of Reconciliation
First World War
Christians
Henry Hodgkin
Quaker
Friedrich Siegmund-Schultze
Lutheran
Christian pacifist
Konstanz
World Alliance for the promotion international Friendship through the Churches
Cologne
Kees Boeke
Cambridge

Bilthoven
Movement towards a Christian international
Peace Movement
Christian socialism

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