34:
153:, St. Paul believed intercession to be one of the most important aspects of faith and praying life, as praying for others is a recurring theme in his works. Prayer acts as a way for St. Paul to acknowledge God's power. Intercessory prayer also acts as a way for the Apostle to "share in ... the Father's redemptive love". Paul believed that prayer transformed the person doing the praying, as much as the one being prayed for, which creates a stronger bond between him and God.
122:, St. Ignatius exhorts the Christians there to pray for other people: "only you must pray to God for them, if by any means they may be brought to repentance, which, however, will be very difficult. Yet Jesus Christ, who is our true life, has the power of this". Throughout all of Ignatius's letters, the word for prayers of intercession appears nineteen times, and Ignatius asks for prayer "for himself (eight times), for the Christian church in
451:
465:
161:, one of which being healing. Praying for other people's illnesses was another way that intercessory prayer was important in the early church, as healing was a sign of "the power of God's Kingdom". This gift of healing is specifically mentioned, among the other charismata, as a sign of being a true Christian by
242:
In addition to praying for each other in life, early
Christians would pray for those who had died. There is no unequivocal evidence that Christians began to pray for the dead before the third century AD. G. F. Hamilton argues that the earliest example of Church prayer on behalf of dead Christians is
289:
had famously said that we pray not to instruct God but to get our will in line with God's. Sullivan warns away from the dictionary meanings of "intercession" as “intervention, mediation, arbitration, negotiation”, all of which sound like we are dealing with a hostile or unfriendly God, whom we need
300:
When we ask a saint to intercede for us, what is happening at a deeper level is that we are taking refuge in the all-enfolding community of the redeemed, approaching God thru saintly symbols of Christ's victory and of our hope. Saints want always what God wants, what is best for us whether we pray
438:
of the literature in the field have been performed showing evidence only for no effect or a potentially small effect. For instance, a 2006 meta analysis on 14 studies concluded that there is "no discernible effect" while a 2007 systemic review of intercessory prayer reported inconclusive results,
156:
Prof. Dr
Johannes van Oort, Professor Extraordinarius in the Department of Church History and Church Polity of the Faculty of Theology at the University of Pretoria, South Africa, adds that, in addition to praying for wisdom, the early church was very much involved with different
247:(350 AD). Rather than pray for the departed in regular church services on Sunday, these early Christians would hold special commemorative occasions during the week. There was a sharp distinction drawn between remembering and praying on behalf of the dead, and those who were the
309:
It would be anathema to ask God to try any harder to do good. By invocation of a saint "we take refuge in faith in the all-enfolding community of all the redeemed," where "each is responsible for all". They are "creative models of holiness".
255:(95 AD) contains a prayer which, while mainly for protection for the living, also includes the dead. Even quite early, a distinction was drawn between those who had died as Christians, and those who had died as unbelievers. In the
83:
I urge, then, first of all, that petitions, prayers, intercession and thanksgiving be made for all people—for kings and all those in authority, that we may live peaceful and quiet lives in all godliness and
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them rather than to them. The value of our petitions is that they turn us in confidence toward the God who loves us, allowing God’s work to be more effective in us, and thru us in others.
439:
noting that 7 of 17 studies had "small, but significant, effect sizes" but the review noted that the most methodologically rigorous studies failed to produce significant findings.
398:
for intercession by praying at their tombs have become contentious issues in the modern
Islamic world, with all these different types of intercession often being labelled by
386:
praying for erring but repentant
Muslims." Furthermore, it became an orthodox Islamic doctrine or "cardinal belief" that "Muḥammad will intercede for all Muslims on the
27:
133:, who were keen on intercessory prayer based this practice on Jesus' own teachings which required that one pray for others, especially one's enemies:
137:
But to you who are listening I say: Love your enemies, do good to those who hate you, bless those who curse you, pray for those who mistreat you.
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220:) for others. The doctrine of requesting intercession from saints can be found in Christian writings from the 3rd century AD, such as from
887:
Karl Rahner, "The Church of the Saints," Theological
Investigations 3, trans. Karl-H. and Boniface Kruger (New York, Seabury), 1974. 100.
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for it or not. They are in a perpetual attitude of praise for God’s love and care, to which we join ourselves, praying, more precisely,
878:
Karl Rahner, "Why and How Can We
Venerate the Saints?" Theological Investigations 8, trans. David Bourke (New York, Seabury), 1977, 23.
332:) has historically played a very prominent role in Islamic thought, it is not universally accepted by all Muslims in the present day.
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Some religions claim that praying for somebody who is sick can have positive effects on the health of the person being prayed for.
368:
1014:
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K. Masters, G. Spielmans, J. Goodson "Are there demonstrable effects of distant intercessory prayer? A meta-analytic review."
654:
285:, Catholic theologian Patricia A. Sullivan warns that saints should not be built up in a way that brings down God. Saint
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244:
390:." While this particular tenet practically remained unchallenged throughout Islamic history, the widespread Sunni and
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273:" shows how those who were not Christians were grieved for, while the dead faithful were rejoiced over.
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However, "intercession is mentioned in the Qurʾān with respect to angels praying for the believers and the
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was one man who exhorted
Christians to continue to pray for others, and especially for those who became
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The early
Christians continued to practice intercessory prayer on behalf of others after Jesus' death.
1021:
488:
142:
523:
Filson, Floyd V. (January 1954). "Petition and
Intercession: The Biblical Doctrine of Prayer (2)".
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251:'faithfully' departed", where Christians would only pray for those who had died as believers. The
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David R. Hodge, "A Systematic Review of the
Empirical Literature on Intercessory Prayer" in
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205:
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van Oort, Johannes. "The Holy Spirit and the Early Church: The Experience of the Spirit".
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Shepherd, Jr. Massey Hamilton. "Smyrna in the Ignatian Letters: A Study in Church Order".
8:
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Patricia A. Sullivan, "A Reinterpretation of Invocation and Intercession of the Saints",
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will not be able to intercede with God on behalf of humankind, and that "the guilty" (
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126:(seven times), for persecutors, heretics, and all people generally (once each)".
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261:(155 AD), Polycarp is killed and his bones are taken by fellow Christians and a
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862:, 66.2 (2005) 381–400. cdn.theologicalstudies.net/66/66.2/66.2.6.pdf. See also
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973:, General Editor: Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Georgetown University, Washington DC.
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John Greehy, John Quinlan, Lionel Swain and S. Purcell. "Homiletic Notes", 17
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Muslims as a type of polytheism, in a manner akin to the attitude of many
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Praying to a deity or to a saint in heaven on behalf of oneself or others
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Vol. 19, No. 11, Supplement: The Bible, No. 6 (Autumn, 1968), pp. 14–19
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Wensinck, A.J., Gimaret, D. and Schimmel, Annemarie, “S̲h̲afāʿa”, in:
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in the New Testament of the word for intercession. Sullivan goes on:
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specified that intercession prayers should be made for all people.
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to manipulate to get what we need. Such is not the meaning of the
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355:. Other passages that deny the efficacy intercession include
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580:"Smyrna in the Ignatian Letters: A Study in Church Order".
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564:"CHURCH FATHERS: Epistle to the Smyrnaeans (St. Ignatius)"
633:"Church Fathers: Against Heresies, II.32 (St. Irenaeus)"
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Although the idea of intercession or mediation (Arabic:
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Prayers of the Ancient Church for the Faithful Departed
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in heaven to pray on behalf of oneself or for others.
363:. Still others say that God is the only intercessor (
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603:
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129:St. Ignatius and the other church fathers, such as
681:"On the Intercession and Invocation of the Saints"
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351:) will not benefit from any intercession on the
777:"The Martyrdom of Polycarp (Hoole translation)"
744:
742:
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525:Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology
265:is set up to him, where they may remember his
212:churchmanship, respectively). It teaches that
847:https://biblehub.com/greek/enteuxeis_1783.htm
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28:Intercessor: Another Rock 'N' Roll Nightmare
823:"Our Father, the Lord's Prayer – Augustine"
804:"The Apology of Aristides the Philosopher"
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969:Hoffman, Valerie J., “Intercession”, in:
394:practice of asking deceased prophets and
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901:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
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821:Hippo, St Augustine of (2017-10-17).
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655:Evangelical Community Church-Lutheran
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1037:Catholic Encyclopedia: Intercession
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734:Vol. 9, No. 35 (July 1916), p. 201
245:Sacramentary of Serapion of Thmuis
14:
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1003:March 2007 vol. 17 no. 2 174–187
19:For academic mid-term break, see
1001:Research on Social Work Practice
699:"The Intercession of the Saints"
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418:practice of saint-intercession.
120:letter to the churches of Smyrna
45:in the form of a painting (1796)
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216:may be asked to intercede (or
149:According to Lionel Swain, of
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985:Annals of Behavioral Medicine
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499:Intercession of the Theotokos
196:churches, as well as by some
620:Hervormde Teologiese Studies
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971:Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān
941:Dagli, Caner (April 2015).
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341:pre-Islamic Arab pagan gods
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204:churches (chiefly those of
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732:The Irish Church Quarterly
537:10.1177/002096435400800102
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178:Intercession of the saints
151:St. Edmund's College, Ware
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489:Feast of the Intercession
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1009:10.1177/1049731506296170
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253:First Epistle of Clement
64:on behalf of others, or
943:2, The Cow, al-Baqarah
582:The Journal of Religion
551:The Journal of Religion
277:Theological perspective
41:offering thanks to the
26:For the 2005 film, see
988:2006 Aug;32(1):21–26.
553:20.2 (1940): 151. Web.
494:Intercession of Christ
479:Episcopal intercession
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147:
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1057:Christian terminology
827:Crossroads Initiative
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258:Martyrdom of Polycarp
226:Clement of Alexandria
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81:
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609:"Homiletic Notes" 17
271:Apology of Aristides
269:. In contrast, the "
206:Evangelical Catholic
1022:Full length article
860:Theological Studies
457:Christianity portal
388:Day of Resurrection
283:Theological Studies
238:Prayer for the dead
108:Ignatius of Antioch
102:In the early Church
54:intercessory prayer
1017:2011-12-02 at the
75:'s exhortation to
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948:. San Francisco:
726:G. F. Hamilton. "
651:"What We Believe"
637:www.newadvent.org
622:68.1 (2012): 1–7.
584:20.2 (1940): 152.
568:www.newadvent.org
281:In an article in
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163:Irenaeus of Lyons
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748:Hamilton 203
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73:Apostle Paul
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21:Intersession
945:Study Quran
914:Quran 19:87
408:Protestants
345:al-mujrimīn
43:Virgin Mary
1046:Categories
832:2020-09-13
713:2015-10-09
595:The Furrow
510:References
950:HarperOne
330:s̲h̲afāʿa
287:Augustine
267:martyrdom
159:charismas
116:heretical
112:Docetists
84:holiness.
37:A German
1015:Archived
443:See also
412:Catholic
324:Tawassul
320:Shafa'ah
232:The dead
202:Anglican
198:Lutheran
182:doctrine
140:—
87:—
422:Studies
404:Wahhabi
384:Prophet
77:Timothy
58:praying
1052:Prayer
930:Q74:48
918:Q36:23
665:12 May
400:Salafi
396:saints
377:Q39:44
361:Q39:44
359:&
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263:shrine
222:Origen
214:saints
192:, and
173:Saints
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373:Q32:4
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180:is a
124:Syria
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