47:
372:
355:
557:; 23,000 Poles were arrested, imprisoned, and killed soon after identification and arrest. To terrorise the general populace, the Germans then selected prominent citizens, from the arrested people, and publicly executed them, leaving the corpses on display, as formal warning against resistance to German occupation.
421:
considered the Polish élites as being most likely of German blood, because their style of dynamic leadership contrasted positively against the “Slavonic fatalism” of the
Russian people; nonetheless, the extermination of such national leaders was necessary, because their patriotism (moral authority)
486:, the Ethnic Self-defence militia of the German minority in Poland, were to kill the intelligentsia identified in the Special Prosecution Book–Poland. Aware they would be killing unarmed civilians, the commanders of the paramilitary militias strengthened morale with ideological and
450:
Upon controlling Poland, the
Germans arrested, imprisoned, and killed approximately 61,000 people as enemies of the German Reich, all of whom were identified as the intelligentsia of each city, town, and village. Each man and woman was biographically listed in the
539:(Polish nobles), the intelligentsia, teachers, social workers, judges, military veterans, priests and businessmen; any Polish man and woman who had attended secondary school, and so could provide nationalist leadership to resist the German occupation of Poland.
413:
must point out that the Poles can only have one master, and that is the German; two masters cannot and must not exist side by side; therefore, all representatives of the Polish intelligentsia should be eliminated . This sounds harsh, but such are the laws of
264:, the Germans imprisoned and killed select members of Polish society, identified as enemies of the Reich before the war; they were buried in mass graves which were dug in remote places. In order to facilitate the depopulation of Poland, the Germans
441:
to the Reich proper, for
Germanization; Nazi ideology claimed that such non-Slavic acculturation would prevent the generational resurgence of the Polish intelligentsia, and thus prevent the resurgence of Polish nationalism in Germanised Poland.
400:
and the social élites of Poland to prevent them from organising the Poles against their German masters, and thwart the occupation and colonisation of the country; the mass murder was to occur before the annexation of Poland to the
510:
must emphasize, once again, that for Poles there is only one master, and he is a German; there can be no two masters, beside each other, and there is no consent to such, hence, all representatives of the Polish
438:
291:, the German-minority militia, justified their actions by falsely stating that the purpose of their police-work was to remove politically dangerous people from Polish society.
1228:
1020:
342:(1 September 1939), and lasted from the autumn of 1939 until the spring of 1940; the mass murder of the Polish intellectuals continued with the operations of the
729:
51:
In occupied Poland, on 9 September 1939, the
Germans publicly executed twenty-five prominent citizens, before the Municipal Museum, in the Market Square of
330:
operations, approximately 61,000 of them were members of the Polish intelligenzia, people who the
Germans considered political targets according to the
855:
1201:
56:
835:
1103:. Główna Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu. Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej nr. 12/1, 2003/2004, ss. 38-42.
1255:
899:
1104:
773:
Janusz Kutta, "Rola Kościoła katolickiego w dziejach
Bydgoszczy" (The Role of the Catholic Church in the History of Bydgoszcz),
1790:
1111:
2183:
1961:
1742:
1217:
1133:
1071:
709:
37:
2193:
2039:
1179:("Genocide in Piaśnica with a discussion of the fate of the inhabitants of Wejherow county"), Public Library of Wejherowo,
714:
956:
1956:
2168:
273:
1186:
Poland's holocaust: ethnic strife, collaboration with occupying forces and genocide in the Second
Republic, 1918-1947
1125:
1090:
1048:
874:
Poland's
Holocaust: ethnic strife, collaboration with occupying forces and genocide in the Second Republic, 1918-1947
465:
loyal to the Nazi party in the German Reich compiled before the war for the German police and security forces of the
800:, Wydawnictwo Poznańskie (Towarzystwo Rozwoju Ziem Zachodnich. Rada Okręgu Bydgoskiego w Toruniu), 1959, p. 68.
594:
634:
2137:
453:
376:
359:
331:
149:
2218:
2213:
1903:
925:
761:
2198:
434:
2203:
2072:
1588:
1248:
1223:
719:
699:
46:
1778:
1748:
1634:
1413:
482:
287:
1563:
1328:
852:
2163:
1996:
1938:
1808:
1794:
1711:
1180:
694:
343:
1015:. Vol. Catalogue for the exhibition commemorating the 70th anniversary of the destruction of the
2031:
1821:
1782:
1468:
1448:
971:
Hitlerowski rabunek dzieci polskich: Uprowadzanie i germanizowanie dzieci polskich w latach 1939-1945
549:
462:
339:
1196:
895:, Office of the United States Chief of Counsel For Prosecution of Axis Criminality. Nuremberg 1946.
2208:
2049:
1877:
1849:
1786:
1318:
832:
214:
1508:
1063:
891:
668:
2178:
2173:
2008:
1976:
1895:
1383:
1241:
1229:
Testimonies concerning genocide of Polish elites during WWII in 'Chronicles of Terror' collection
734:
630:
300:
1665:
1538:
304:(Special Operation Tannenberg), the installation of Nazi policemen and functionaries — from the
2188:
2142:
2107:
1528:
1453:
554:
402:
873:
2112:
1908:
1189:
195:
233:(teachers, priests, physicians, and other prominent members of Polish society) early in the
2122:
2087:
1984:
1060:
Die
Intelligenzaktion. Die Vernichtung der polnischen Oberschicht im Gau Danzig-Westpreußen
1016:
973:(in Polish). Śląski Instytut Naukowy w Katowicach, Katowice: Wydawnictwo Śląsk. p. 28.
704:
608:
574:
261:
1928:
1827:
533:
was extermination of the élites of Polish society, which the Nazis broadly defined as the
498:, policing) would be more difficult than fighting in battle against soldiers; as noted by
437:), the racially valuable (Aryan-looking) children of the Polish intelligentsia were to be
8:
2016:
1813:
1670:
1533:
1368:
1298:
681:
625:
590:
781:, Bydgoszcz, Towarzystwo Miłośników miasta Bydgoszczy, 1998, p. 14. ISSN 0454-5451.
1719:
1675:
1473:
1388:
1013:
Man to man . . . : destruction of the Polish intelligentsia in the years 1939–1945
916:
896:
516:
305:
160:
125:
1553:
1513:
1233:
1918:
1913:
1727:
1548:
1518:
1503:
1293:
1209:
1129:
1113:
Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion
1086:
1067:
1044:
921:
757:
495:
470:
326:, the German colonization of Poland. Among the 100,000 people who were killed in the
317:
269:
135:
1139:
2067:
2021:
1923:
1773:
1493:
1433:
1428:
1378:
1323:
1118:
The Year was 1939: Operation of German
Security Police in Poland. Intelligenzaktion
942:
756:, vol. 2, 3rd ed., augm., Warsaw, Oficyna Wydawnicza Rytm, 1999, p. 554.
491:
1857:
1655:
2117:
1966:
1735:
1660:
1593:
1558:
1438:
1333:
1271:
1205:
1038:
903:
859:
839:
792:
525:
418:
382:
322:
309:
246:
164:
82:
31:
2127:
1348:
1177:
Ludobójstwo w Piaśnicy z uwzględnieniem losów mieszkańców powiatu wejherowskiego
2132:
1800:
1639:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1583:
1483:
1458:
1363:
1265:
724:
578:
512:
499:
397:
388:
278:
230:
649:
371:
2157:
2082:
2062:
1951:
1867:
1703:
1609:
1578:
1463:
1353:
1338:
423:
242:
227:
191:
121:
100:
1498:
354:
2077:
1885:
1862:
1755:
1629:
1568:
1543:
1523:
1478:
1418:
250:
238:
234:
104:
61:
To terrorise the townsfolk, the Germans displayed the bodies for six hours.
618:
586:
1488:
1443:
1423:
1358:
380:- Page with names under the letter "G" with abbreviations. EK stands for
282:
223:
117:
490:
instructions to the soldier–policemen, that their political role in the
334:, a book which was compiled before the war began in September 1939. The
272:
of select intellectuals and community leaders, before they effected the
241:. The Germans conducted the operations in accordance with their plan to
1946:
1373:
1343:
598:
180:
16:
Plan of extermination of Polish intelligentsia by German troops in 1939
1155:
Oblicza się, że akcja „Inteligencja" pochłonęła ponad 100 tys. ofiar.
661:; 2,000 people killed, most were priests of the Roman Catholic Church.
582:
1573:
943:
Did the Children Cry? Hitler's War against Jewish and Polish Children
487:
265:
176:
52:
797:
564:
2057:
535:
812:
810:
808:
806:
313:
168:
1040:
Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles Under German Occupation 1939-1944
1101:"Intelligenzaktion" na Warmii, Mazurach oraz Północnym Mazowszu
658:
502:, in a meeting (2 October 1940) between Hitler and Hans Frank:
853:»Generalplan Ost« zur Versklavung osteuropäischer Völker.
803:
677:
320:— to manage the occupation and facilitate the realization of
1010:
676:, mass murder of the intelligentsia in the Stanisławów, the
260:
resulted in the killing of 100,000 Polish people; by way of
466:
1021:
Council for the Protection of Struggle and Martyrdom Sites
1263:
172:
977:
1023:(Rada Ochrony Pamięci Walk i Męczeństwa). p. 11.
994:
992:
968:
629:, mass arrest of intelligentsia, 183 professors from
519:
is a Polish reservation, a great Polish labour camp.
989:
730:Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–1946)
2155:
920:(Google Books, snippet view) Enslow Publishers,
298:was a major step towards the implementation of
1085:. Radom: Polskie Wydawnictwo Encyklopedyczne.
946:, 1939-1945. Hippocrene Books, New York, 2001.
917:Adolf Hitler: Evil Mastermind of the Holocaust
276:from occupied Poland. The executioners of the
1249:
889:International Military Tribunal at Nurnberg,
865:
700:Kulturkampf#Anti-Polish aspect of Kulturkampf
268:the general populace by carrying out public,
249:, before their territorial annexation to the
885:
883:
897:Chapter XIII. Germanization and Spoliation.
827:
825:
1256:
1242:
1109:
1080:
983:
833:Holocaust of Non-Jewish Poles During WWII.
816:
553:, a regional mass murder operation in the
880:
845:
777:, vol. 19, ed. W. Jastrzębski,
190:Consolidation of Nazi control of Poland,
107:, civic officials, and the upper classes)
962:
822:
563:, the mass murder of 2,000 victims from
370:
353:
1011:Adamska, Jolanta; Sziling, Jan (2009).
793:Bydgoszcz: niedziela 3 września 1939 r.
695:Germanisation#Germanisation in the east
396:Adolf Hitler ordered the murder of the
2156:
936:
934:
784:
542:
1743:8th SS Cavalry Division Florian Geyer
1237:
1083:Generalplan Ost. Plan Zagłady Słowian
1057:
1036:
998:
949:
842:Polish American Congress, Washington.
710:Nazi crimes against the Polish nation
577:, 1939–40, 6,700 people killed, from
213:
38:Nazi crimes against the Polish nation
720:Gestapo–NKVD conferences (1939-1940)
715:Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany
426:of the enslaved populace of Poland.
1004:
931:
274:expulsion of the general population
13:
862:PDF file, direct download 74.5 KB.
684:; 250–300 Polish academics killed.
435:Nazi Party Office of Racial Policy
363:book - lists of 60,000 targets in
256:The mass murder operations of the
215:[ɪntɛliˈɡɛnt͡s.akˌt͡sjoːn]
14:
2230:
1169:
1126:Institute of National Remembrance
851:Prof. Dietrich Eichholtz (2004),
1163:took the lives of 100,000 Poles.
957:Hitlers Plans for Eastern Europe
635:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
226:which was committed against the
45:
2138:Special Prosecution Book-Poland
1188:, McFarland, 1998, p. 25,
633:, whom the Germans deported to
615:Intelligenzaktion Litzmannstadt
529:, the political purpose of the
454:Special Prosecution Book-Poland
431:Rassenpolitisches Amt der NSDAP
386:death squad, and EG stands for
332:Special Prosecution Book-Poland
1904:Burning of the Riga synagogues
969:Roman Zbigniew Hrabar (1960).
908:
892:Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression
767:
746:
607:, regional mass murder in the
573:, regional mass murder in the
1:
1030:
665:Sonderaktion Bürgerbräukeller
422:would prevent the full-scale
316:members), and members of the
220:Intelligentsia mass shootings
24:Intelligentsia mass shootings
1081:Szcześniak, Andrzej (2001).
914:Linda Jacobs Altman (2005),
621:, 1939; 1,500 people killed.
611:in 1940; 2,000 Poles killed.
515:are to be killed. . . . The
7:
2194:Persecution by Nazi Germany
1749:Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz
1414:Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
1037:Lukas, Richard C. (2012) .
688:
605:Intelligenzaktion Schlesien
483:Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz
288:Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz
10:
2235:
1809:Lithuanian Security Police
1110:Wardzyńska, Maria (2009).
657:, regional mass murder in
646:Sonderaktion Tschenstochau
641:Zweite Sonderaktion Krakau
617:, regional mass murder in
571:Intelligenzaktion Masovien
469:(Security Police) and the
349:
235:Second World War (1939–45)
2169:Nazi war crimes in Poland
2100:
2048:
2030:
2007:
1975:
1937:
1894:
1876:
1848:
1841:
1765:
1712:Reichssicherheitshauptamt
1695:
1688:
1648:
1602:
1397:
1307:
1286:
1279:
955:Northwestern University,
877:, McFarland, 1998, p. 25.
550:Intelligenzaktion Pommern
463:German citizens of Poland
459:Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen
445:
377:Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen
360:Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen
340:German invasion of Poland
285:and members of the local
186:
156:
142:
131:
111:
96:
88:
78:
70:
66:
59:of Polish intelligentsia.
44:
28:
23:
2184:Germany–Poland relations
1962:Ninth Fort November 1941
1564:Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
1319:Humbert Achamer-Pifrader
831:Dr. Jan Moor-Jankowski,
740:
429:Moreover, by way of the
338:occurred soon after the
1384:Franz Walter Stahlecker
1204:4 February 2017 at the
735:The Holocaust in Poland
631:Jagiellonian University
561:Intelligenzaktion Posen
494:of Poland (executions,
301:Sonderaktion Tannenberg
245:the western regions of
2143:Einsatzgruppen reports
2108:List of Einsatzgruppen
1957:Kaunas 29 October 1941
1454:Friedrich-Wilhelm Bock
555:Pomeranian Voivodeship
521:
416:
403:Greater Germanic Reich
393:
368:
2219:Anti-Slavic sentiment
2214:Anti-Polish sentiment
2040:Kremnička and Nemecká
1509:Waldemar Klingelhöfer
1159:It is estimated that
1064:VDM Verlag Dr. Müller
959:www.dac.neu.edu 2012.
819:, pp. 8–10, 295.
504:
407:
374:
357:
211:German pronunciation:
196:Anti-Polish sentiment
2199:Persecution of Poles
2123:Einsatzgruppen trial
1985:Operation Tannenberg
1666:Antanas Impulevičius
1539:Hans-Adolf Prützmann
1184:Tadeusz Piotrowski,
1058:Meier, Anna (2008).
1043:. Hippocrene Books.
871:Tadeusz Piotrowski,
858:24 June 2008 at the
705:Chronicles of Terror
609:Silesian Voivodeship
575:Masovian Voivodeship
473:(Security Service).
262:forced disappearance
103:(teachers, priests,
2204:Persecution of Jews
2073:Kamianets-Podilskyi
2017:Gully of Petrushino
1534:Gustav Adolf Nosske
1369:Friedrich Panzinger
1299:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
1145:on 29 November 2014
1019:in Warsaw. Warsaw:
838:16 May 2016 at the
682:Czarny Las Massacre
655:Sonderaktion Lublin
626:Sonderaktion Krakau
591:Wysokie Mazowieckie
543:Regional operations
126:Genocidal massacres
1720:Sicherheitspolizei
1676:Algirdas Klimaitis
1474:Friedrich Buchardt
1389:Bruno Streckenbach
1099:Maria Wardzyńska,
940:Richard C. Lukas,
902:2003-12-03 at the
517:General Government
394:
369:
270:summary executions
222:, was a series of
2164:Intelligenzaktion
2151:
2150:
2096:
2095:
1991:Intelligenzaktion
1837:
1836:
1828:Ypatingasis būrys
1728:Sicherheitsdienst
1684:
1683:
1549:Martin Sandberger
1519:Walter Kutschmann
1504:Friedrich Jeckeln
1294:Reinhard Heydrich
1219:Intelligenzaktion
1210:Encyklopedia WIEM
1198:Intelligenzaktion
1161:Intelligenzaktion
1135:978-83-7629-063-8
1073:978-36-3904-721-9
531:Intelligenzaktion
496:counterinsurgency
365:Intelligenzaktion
336:Intelligenzaktion
328:Intelligenzaktion
296:Intelligenzaktion
258:Intelligenzaktion
206:Intelligenzaktion
201:
200:
136:Automatic weapons
72:Intelligenzaktion
55:, as part of the
2226:
2022:Zmievskaya Balka
1952:Kaunas June 1941
1909:Dünamünde Action
1846:
1845:
1774:Schutzmannschaft
1693:
1692:
1494:Erich Isselhorst
1434:Wolfgang Birkner
1429:Ernst Biberstein
1401:Einsatzkommandos
1379:Heinrich Seetzen
1324:Walther Bierkamp
1284:
1283:
1272:Einsatzkommandos
1258:
1251:
1244:
1235:
1234:
1224:Encyklopedia PWN
1216:
1195:
1165:
1152:
1150:
1144:
1138:. Archived from
1123:
1096:
1077:
1054:
1025:
1024:
1008:
1002:
996:
987:
981:
975:
974:
966:
960:
953:
947:
938:
929:
912:
906:
887:
878:
869:
863:
849:
843:
829:
820:
814:
801:
788:
782:
775:Kronika Bydgoska
771:
765:
750:
669:Łódź Voivodeship
492:ethnic cleansing
217:
212:
74:
67:Native name
49:
21:
20:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2209:Generalplan Ost
2154:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2118:Commissar Order
2092:
2044:
2026:
2003:
1971:
1933:
1929:Liepāja (Šķēde)
1890:
1872:
1833:
1761:
1736:Ordnungspolizei
1680:
1661:Herberts Cukurs
1644:
1598:
1594:Udo von Woyrsch
1559:Hermann Schaper
1554:Emanuel Schäfer
1529:Josef Meisinger
1514:Wolfgang Kügler
1439:Helmut Bischoff
1406:Sonderkommandos
1404:
1399:
1393:
1334:Erich Ehrlinger
1309:
1303:
1275:
1262:
1214:
1206:Wayback Machine
1193:
1175:Elżbieta Grot,
1172:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1121:
1093:
1074:
1051:
1033:
1028:
1009:
1005:
997:
990:
984:Szcześniak 2001
982:
978:
967:
963:
954:
950:
939:
932:
913:
909:
904:Wayback Machine
888:
881:
870:
866:
860:Wayback Machine
850:
846:
840:Wayback Machine
830:
823:
817:Wardzyńska 2009
815:
804:
790:Ryszard Wojan,
789:
785:
772:
768:
754:Polska walcząca
751:
747:
743:
691:
674:Professorenmord
545:
526:Generalplan Ost
448:
409:Once more, the
383:Einsatzkommando
352:
323:Generalplan Ost
247:occupied Poland
210:
147:
114:
83:Occupied Poland
62:
60:
32:Generalplan Ost
17:
12:
11:
5:
2232:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2179:1940 in Poland
2176:
2174:1939 in Poland
2171:
2166:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2133:Korherr Report
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2113:The Black Book
2110:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2085:
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2070:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2013:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1943:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
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1911:
1906:
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1891:
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1724:
1716:
1708:
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1673:
1671:Konrāds Kalējs
1668:
1663:
1658:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1640:Albert Widmann
1637:
1635:Heinz Schubert
1632:
1627:
1625:Emil Haussmann
1622:
1620:Joachim Hamann
1617:
1615:Lothar Fendler
1612:
1606:
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1863:Minsk Ghetto
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1589:Martin Weiss
1569:Erwin Schulz
1544:Walter Rauff
1524:Rudolf Lange
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1157:Translation:
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1147:. Retrieved
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1017:Royal Castle
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239:Nazi Germany
224:mass murders
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157:Perpetrators
71:
36:
30:
18:
1919:Pogulianski
1489:Ludwig Hahn
1444:Paul Blobel
1424:Rudolf Batz
1359:Arthur Nebe
1329:Horst Böhme
1215:(in Polish)
1194:(in Polish)
1149:16 November
928:. Page 111.
650:Częstochowa
523:As part of
118:mass murder
113:Attack type
2158:Categories
1947:Ninth Fort
1791:Lithuanian
1779:Belarusian
1766:Non-German
1499:Karl Jäger
1374:Otto Rasch
1344:Heinz Jost
1143:(PDF file)
1031:References
999:Lukas 2012
926:0766025330
762:8387893315
266:terrorised
218:), or the
181:Nazi Party
150:from lists
2068:Drohobycz
1998:AB-Aktion
1939:Lithuania
1795:Ukrainian
1574:Franz Six
1105:ceeol.com
587:Ciechanów
579:Ostrołęka
488:racialist
461:), which
439:kidnapped
344:AB-Aktion
243:Germanize
177:Wehrmacht
92:1939–1940
53:Bydgoszcz
2058:Babi Yar
2032:Slovakia
1803:Kommando
1783:Estonian
1287:Director
1202:Archived
900:Archived
856:Archived
836:Archived
689:See also
680:region,
595:Giełczyn
536:Szlachta
480:and the
148:(61,000
79:Location
29:Part of
2101:Records
2050:Ukraine
1924:Rumbula
1914:Jelgava
1878:Estonia
1850:Belarus
1787:Latvian
667:in the
597:, near
583:Wyszków
350:Purpose
314:Gestapo
169:Gestapo
146:100,000
132:Weapons
2009:Russia
1977:Poland
1967:Ponary
1896:Latvia
1842:Crimes
1817:Hamann
1801:Arajs
1739:(Orpo)
1723:(SiPo)
1696:German
1689:Groups
1280:People
1132:
1120:]
1089:
1070:
1047:
924:
798:Poznań
779:et al.
760:
659:Lublin
593:, and
565:Poznań
508:Führer
446:Method
411:Führer
228:Polish
187:Motive
143:Deaths
97:Target
2088:Odesa
1122:(PDF)
1116:[
741:Notes
678:Kresy
599:Łomża
414:life.
310:Kripo
165:Kripo
101:Poles
1731:(SD)
1707:(SS)
1269:and
1151:2014
1130:ISBN
1087:ISBN
1068:ISBN
1045:ISBN
922:ISBN
758:ISBN
619:Łódź
506:The
476:The
467:SiPo
312:and
306:SiPo
294:The
203:The
161:SiPo
89:Date
35:and
1822:TDA
648:in
237:by
2160::
1793:,
1789:,
1785:,
1781:,
1222:,
1208:,
1153:.
1128:.
1066:.
1062:.
991:^
933:^
882:^
824:^
805:^
796:,
589:,
585:,
581:,
471:SD
405::
346:.
318:SD
253:.
194:,
179:,
175:,
173:SS
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163:,
152:)
124:,
120:,
1797:)
1777:(
1403:,
1257:e
1250:t
1243:v
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637:.
601:.
567:.
457:(
433:(
367:.
209:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
