158:
2360:
67:
159:
160:
162:
463:
269:
will help determine the amount of heat the parcel can absorb while maintaining the desired control temperature. Combining the attributes from the insulator and coolant will allow analysis of expected duration of the insulated shipping container system. Testing of multi-component systems is needed.
311:
Parcel to pallet sized insulated shipping containers have historically been single-use products due to the low-cost material composition of EPS and water-based gel packs. The insulation material typically finds its way into landfill streams as it is not readily recyclable in the United States.
444:
422:
482:
161:
294:
Specialists in design and testing of packaging for temperature sensitive products are often needed. These may be consultants, independent laboratories, universities, or reputable vendors. Many laboratories have certifications and accreditations:
633:
173:
Insulated shipping containers are part of a comprehensive cold chain which controls and documents the temperature of a product through its entire distribution cycle. The containers may be used with a refrigerant or coolant such as:
286:
D3103-07, Standard Test Method for
Thermal Insulation Performance of Packages, ISTA Guide 5B: Focused Simulation Guide for Thermal Performance Testing of Temperature Controlled Transport Packaging, and others. In addition,
146:. Some insulated containers are decommissioned refrigeration units. Some empty containers are sent to the shipper disassembled or “knocked down”, assembled and used, then knocked down again for easier return shipment.
227:
Personnel throughout the cold chain need to be aware of the special handling and documentation required for some controlled shipments. With some regulated products, complete documentation is required.
261:, and its thickness. These two attributes will help determine the resistance to heat transfer from the ambient environment into the payload space. The coolant material load temperature, quantity,
315:
The development of reusable high-performance shipping containers have been shown to reduce packing waste by 95% while also contributing significant savings to other environmental pollutants.
496:
461:, Gordon, Lawrence A., "Insulated shipping container and method of making the same", published 2005-03-22, assigned to Cold Chain Technologies Inc.
149:
Shipping containers are available for maintaining cryogenic temperatures, with the use of liquid nitrogen. Some carriers have these as a specialized service
480:, Mullens, Patrick L. & Emmel, Gregg, "Shipping container for storing materials at cryogenic temperatures", published 2000-09-19
236:
The use of “off the shelf” insulated shipping containers does not necessarily guarantee proper performance. Several factors need to be considered:
814:
420:, Derifield, Rodney M., "Insulated shipping container", published 1999-07-20, assigned to Foremost In Packaging Systems Inc.
206:
Some products (such as frozen meat) have sufficient thermal mass to contribute to the temperature control and no excess coolant is required
1948:
166:
1858:
506:
569:
Choi, Seung-Jin; Burgess (November 2007). "Practical mathematical model to predict the performance of insulating packages".
1260:
769:
2244:
2214:
1062:
742:
732:
530:"Two methods for calculating the amount of refrigerant required for cyclic temperature testing of insulated packages"
723:
2184:
391:
1918:
1772:
1617:
634:"Performance Comparison of Thermal Insulated Packaging Boxes, Bags and Refrigerants for Single-parcel Shipments"
2023:
604:
Wang, K (March 2020), "Investigation of the effect of thermal insulation materials on packaging performance",
2134:
1087:
365:
2398:
2393:
439:, Johnson, Roberta L., "Insulated shipping container", published 1993-04-13, assigned to
2403:
2179:
2063:
1295:
1077:
370:
288:
275:
680:"An environmental impact comparison of single-use and reusable thermally controlled shipping containers"
2388:
1822:
737:
Lockhart, H., and Paine, F.A., "Packaging of
Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare Products", 2006, Blackie,
253:
In specifying an insulated shipping container, the two primary characteristics of the material are its
215:
477:
458:
436:
417:
2277:
2239:
2169:
2159:
1097:
957:
884:
799:
727:
Brody, A. L., and Marsh, K, S., "Encyclopedia of
Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 1997,
97:
2164:
2033:
1632:
1052:
1022:
912:
2194:
1817:
1737:
1597:
1125:
762:
345:
211:
243:
the specific distribution system being used: the expected (and worst case) time and temperatures
1913:
1622:
1325:
1057:
1037:
119:
2342:
2292:
2272:
2219:
1552:
1502:
1225:
1220:
879:
869:
844:
501:
330:
200:
2383:
2312:
2174:
1702:
1017:
849:
258:
254:
218:
is often enclosed to monitor the temperature inside the container for its entire shipment.
51:
8:
2199:
2008:
1807:
1647:
1527:
987:
240:
the sensitivity of the product to temperatures (high and low) and to time at temperatures
2364:
2327:
2287:
2139:
2048:
2013:
1963:
1848:
1557:
1427:
1397:
1335:
1072:
972:
952:
947:
854:
755:
653:
586:
551:
355:
75:
48:
2332:
2317:
2189:
2109:
2104:
2018:
1993:
1978:
1958:
1928:
1908:
1787:
1757:
1592:
1542:
1165:
1047:
1007:
889:
874:
829:
804:
738:
728:
701:
590:
555:
657:
2347:
2337:
2154:
1983:
1938:
1898:
1888:
1752:
1667:
1447:
1345:
1240:
1215:
1130:
1082:
1027:
859:
824:
809:
794:
691:
645:
613:
578:
541:
2307:
2302:
2282:
2204:
2124:
2079:
2043:
1998:
1933:
1903:
1657:
1642:
1547:
1442:
1340:
937:
834:
279:
126:
32:
2267:
2262:
2234:
2084:
2058:
2053:
1943:
1863:
1853:
1767:
1742:
1712:
1672:
1487:
1422:
1365:
1270:
1255:
1235:
1145:
997:
992:
917:
169:
video showing how containers are packed to maintain constant cold temperatures.
28:
696:
679:
2377:
2224:
2119:
2089:
2038:
2028:
1973:
1953:
1762:
1732:
1677:
1402:
1265:
1012:
839:
819:
705:
360:
300:
266:
224:
and appropriate documentation (internal and external) are usually required.
47:
to help maintain product freshness and efficacy. The term can also refer to
1868:
1797:
1727:
1717:
1707:
1692:
1627:
1532:
1412:
1392:
1385:
1375:
1370:
1275:
1200:
1170:
1135:
1102:
1002:
977:
111:
107:
83:
2149:
2114:
1988:
1777:
1652:
1637:
1602:
1582:
1572:
1512:
1492:
1437:
1360:
1175:
1107:
1092:
1042:
927:
350:
262:
249:
the specific combination of packaging components and materials being used
132:
93:
66:
2229:
2209:
2099:
1968:
1893:
1782:
1697:
1562:
1522:
1497:
1462:
1432:
1355:
1330:
1280:
1150:
982:
967:
942:
922:
864:
340:
335:
325:
183:
44:
291:
of field performance (performance qualification) is extremely useful.
70:
Shipment of vaccine: PUR insulated box, gel packs, temperature monitor
2322:
2129:
1923:
1812:
1802:
1792:
1747:
1722:
1567:
1452:
1407:
1350:
1117:
962:
894:
778:
618:
55:
20:
649:
582:
546:
529:
278:
of the performance of the insulated shipping container. Laboratory
2144:
2094:
2003:
1873:
1832:
1662:
1587:
1577:
1482:
1417:
1320:
1305:
1250:
1190:
1067:
1032:
932:
440:
296:
194:
40:
1883:
1878:
1827:
1537:
1285:
1140:
188:
142:
Some are designed for single use while others are returnable for
2297:
1682:
1380:
1245:
1210:
1205:
1180:
1160:
101:
1687:
1607:
1507:
1230:
221:
143:
74:
A variety of constructions have been developed. An insulated
36:
747:
1517:
1457:
1195:
283:
24:
527:
1612:
1315:
1310:
1300:
1185:
1155:
179:
399:, USHHS Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, 2015
274:
It is wise (and sometimes mandatory) to have formal
23:
used to ship temperature sensitive products such as
631:
684:The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
197:(often formulated for specific temperature ranges)
497:"UPS Temperature True® Cryo: UPS - United States"
393:Packing Vaccines for Transport during Emergencies
2375:
815:Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging
716:
677:
528:Matsunaga, K; Burgess, Lockhart (March 2007).
763:
678:Goellner, Kai N.; Sparrow, Eph (2013-11-26).
476:
1949:Hazard analysis and critical control points
568:
770:
756:
167:United States Army Medical Materiel Agency
1859:Automatic identification and data capture
695:
617:
545:
416:
231:
156:
138:other packaging materials and structures
65:
435:
306:
2376:
457:
751:
722:"Cold Chain Management", 2003, 2006,
89:fabricated thermal blankets or liners
1261:Flexible intermediate bulk container
603:
39:, biologic materials, vaccines and
632:Singh, S P; Burgess, Singh (2008).
13:
2245:Vertical form fill sealing machine
14:
2415:
2215:Rotary wheel blow molding systems
1063:Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags
2359:
2358:
2185:Mechanical brake stretch wrapper
638:Packaging Technology and Science
606:Packaging Technology and Science
571:Packaging Technology and Science
534:Packaging Technology and Science
1919:Electronic article surveillance
1773:Shock and vibration data logger
1618:Linear low-density polyethylene
671:
625:
86:, similar to a "thermos" bottle
61:
2024:Radio-frequency identification
597:
562:
521:
489:
470:
451:
429:
410:
384:
43:. They are used as part of a
1:
2135:Extended core stretch wrapper
1088:Single-serve coffee container
777:
377:
366:Validation (drug manufacture)
17:Insulated shipping containers
1291:Insulated shipping container
717:External links and resources
7:
2180:Material-handling equipment
2064:Verification and validation
1296:Intermediate bulk container
1078:Self-heating food packaging
371:Verification and Validation
318:
106:other molded foams such as
10:
2420:
1823:Time temperature indicator
216:time temperature indicator
135:or other gas filled panels
2356:
2278:Environmental engineering
2253:
2240:Turntable stretch wrapper
2170:Lineshaft roller conveyor
2160:Injection molding machine
2072:
1841:
1471:
1116:
1098:Toothpaste pump dispenser
958:Disposable food packaging
903:
800:Child-resistant packaging
785:
697:10.1007/s11367-013-0668-z
116:sheets of foamed plastics
78:might be constructed of:
2165:Label printer applicator
2034:Shearing (manufacturing)
1633:Low-density polyethylene
1053:Pharmaceutical packaging
1023:Low plastic water bottle
913:Alternative wine closure
2195:Orbital stretch wrapper
1818:Temperature data logger
1738:Pressure-sensitive tape
1598:Humidity indicator card
1126:Aerosol spray dispenser
346:Temperature measurement
246:regulatory requirements
212:Temperature data logger
125:reflective materials: (
120:Vacuum Insulated Panels
1914:Die forming (plastics)
1623:Liquid packaging board
1326:Multilayered packaging
1058:Plastic milk container
1038:Optical disc packaging
201:Phase change materials
170:
152:
71:
2343:Sustainable packaging
2293:Life-cycle assessment
2273:Closed-loop box reuse
2220:Seed-counting machine
1553:Corrugated fiberboard
1503:Biodegradable plastic
1226:Corrugated box design
880:Sustainable packaging
870:Shelf-ready packaging
845:Packaging engineering
502:United Parcel Service
331:Packaging engineering
232:Design and evaluation
165:
69:
52:intermodal containers
2313:PET bottle recycling
2175:Logistics automation
1703:Plastic-coated paper
850:Resealable packaging
509:on September 4, 2019
307:Environmental Impact
255:thermal conductivity
2399:Temperature control
2394:Shipping containers
2365:Category: Packaging
2200:Packaging machinery
2009:Product development
1808:Tamper-evident band
1648:Modified atmosphere
988:Foam food container
2404:Thermal protection
2328:Reusable packaging
2288:Industrial ecology
2049:Ultrasonic welding
2014:Production control
1964:Injection moulding
1849:Aseptic processing
1558:Corrugated plastic
1428:Steel and tin cans
1398:Shipping container
1336:Packet (container)
1073:Seasonal packaging
973:Evidence packaging
953:Currency packaging
948:Cosmetic packaging
855:Reusable packaging
356:Thermal insulation
171:
76:shipping container
72:
2389:Drug distribution
2371:
2370:
2333:Reverse logistics
2318:Plastic recycling
2190:Multihead weigher
2110:Cartoning machine
2105:Cap torque tester
2019:Quality assurance
1994:Plastic extrusion
1959:Induction sealing
1929:Extrusion coating
1788:Staple (fastener)
1758:Security printing
1593:Hot-melt adhesive
1166:Biodegradable bag
1008:Glass milk bottle
890:Tamper resistance
830:Package pilferage
805:Contract packager
441:Rock-Tenn Company
163:
2411:
2362:
2361:
2348:Waste management
2338:Source reduction
2155:Industrial robot
2059:Vacuum packaging
1984:Package tracking
1939:Glass production
1899:Corona treatment
1889:Containerization
1753:Screw cap (wine)
1668:Oxygen scavenger
1131:Aluminium bottle
1083:Screw cap (wine)
1028:Luxury packaging
860:Reuse of bottles
825:Package delivery
810:Edible packaging
795:Active packaging
772:
765:
758:
749:
748:
710:
709:
699:
675:
669:
668:
666:
664:
629:
623:
622:
621:
619:10.1002/pts.2500
601:
595:
594:
566:
560:
559:
549:
525:
519:
518:
516:
514:
505:. Archived from
493:
487:
486:
485:
481:
474:
468:
467:
466:
462:
455:
449:
448:
447:
443:
433:
427:
426:
425:
421:
414:
408:
407:
406:
404:
398:
388:
164:
100:), similar to a
92:molded expanded
2419:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2352:
2308:Paper recycling
2303:Packaging waste
2283:Glass recycling
2255:
2249:
2205:Pallet inverter
2125:Conveyor system
2080:Barcode printer
2068:
2044:Track and trace
1999:Plastic welding
1934:Flame treatment
1904:Curtain coating
1837:
1658:Nonwoven fabric
1643:Metallised film
1548:Container glass
1475:
1473:
1467:
1443:Tub (container)
1341:Padded envelope
1112:
938:Case-ready meat
905:
899:
835:Package testing
787:
781:
776:
719:
714:
713:
676:
672:
662:
660:
650:10.1002/pts.773
630:
626:
602:
598:
583:10.1002/pts.762
567:
563:
547:10.1002/pts.747
526:
522:
512:
510:
495:
494:
490:
483:
475:
471:
464:
456:
452:
445:
434:
430:
423:
415:
411:
402:
400:
396:
390:
389:
385:
380:
375:
321:
309:
280:package testing
273:
234:
157:
155:
127:metallised film
64:
29:pharmaceuticals
12:
11:
5:
2417:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2369:
2368:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2268:Can collecting
2265:
2263:Biodegradation
2259:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2235:Tape dispenser
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2085:Barcode reader
2082:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2054:Vacuum forming
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1944:Graphic design
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1864:Blow fill seal
1861:
1856:
1854:Authentication
1851:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1768:Shock detector
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1743:Pump dispenser
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1713:Plastic pallet
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1673:Package handle
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1488:Aluminium foil
1485:
1479:
1477:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1423:Stand-up pouch
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1366:Plastic bottle
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1271:Folding carton
1268:
1263:
1258:
1256:Euro container
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1236:Disposable cup
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1146:Antistatic bag
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1122:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
998:Fuel container
995:
993:Food packaging
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
918:Ammunition box
915:
909:
907:
901:
900:
898:
897:
892:
887:
885:Tamper-evident
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
791:
789:
783:
782:
775:
774:
767:
760:
752:
746:
745:
735:
725:
718:
715:
712:
711:
690:(3): 611–619.
670:
624:
612:(6): 227–237,
596:
577:(6): 369–380.
561:
540:(2): 113–123.
520:
488:
469:
450:
428:
409:
382:
381:
379:
376:
374:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
322:
320:
317:
308:
305:
282:might include
251:
250:
247:
244:
241:
233:
230:
208:
207:
204:
198:
191:
186:
178:block or cube
154:
151:
140:
139:
136:
130:
123:
117:
114:
104:
90:
87:
63:
60:
19:are a type of
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2416:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2366:
2355:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2225:Shrink tunnel
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2120:Check weigher
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2090:Bottling line
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2039:Thermoforming
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2029:Roll slitting
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1974:Laser cutting
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1954:Hermetic seal
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1763:Security tape
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1733:Polypropylene
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1678:Packaging gas
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
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1636:
1634:
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1629:
1626:
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1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
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1589:
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1569:
1566:
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1501:
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1470:
1464:
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1436:
1434:
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1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1403:Shipping tube
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
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1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
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1314:
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1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1266:Flexible tank
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
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1164:
1162:
1159:
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1154:
1152:
1149:
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1134:
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1129:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1109:
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1101:
1099:
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1091:
1089:
1086:
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1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
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1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
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966:
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873:
871:
868:
866:
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861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
840:Package theft
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
820:Overpackaging
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
792:
790:
784:
780:
773:
768:
766:
761:
759:
754:
753:
750:
744:
743:0-7514-0167-6
740:
736:
734:
733:0-471-06397-5
730:
726:
724:
721:
720:
707:
703:
698:
693:
689:
685:
681:
674:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
628:
620:
615:
611:
607:
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592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
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557:
553:
548:
543:
539:
535:
531:
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508:
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503:
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492:
479:
473:
460:
454:
442:
438:
432:
419:
413:
395:
394:
387:
383:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
361:Heat transfer
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
323:
316:
313:
304:
302:
301:ISO/IEC 17025
298:
292:
290:
285:
281:
277:
271:
268:
267:sensible heat
264:
260:
256:
248:
245:
242:
239:
238:
237:
229:
225:
223:
219:
217:
213:
205:
202:
199:
196:
192:
190:
187:
185:
181:
177:
176:
175:
168:
150:
147:
145:
137:
134:
131:
128:
124:
121:
118:
115:
113:
109:
105:
103:
99:
95:
91:
88:
85:
81:
80:
79:
77:
68:
59:
57:
54:or insulated
53:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
2254:Environment,
1869:Blow molding
1798:Stretch wrap
1728:Polyethylene
1718:Plastic wrap
1708:Plastic film
1693:Paper pallet
1628:Living hinge
1533:Coated paper
1413:Spray bottle
1393:Security bag
1386:Water sachet
1376:Salvage drum
1371:Retort pouch
1290:
1276:Glass bottle
1171:Blister pack
1136:Aluminum can
1103:Water bottle
1003:Gas cylinder
978:Field ration
875:Shelf-stable
687:
683:
673:
661:. Retrieved
641:
637:
627:
609:
605:
599:
574:
570:
564:
537:
533:
523:
511:. Retrieved
507:the original
500:
491:
472:
453:
431:
412:
401:, retrieved
392:
386:
314:
310:
293:
276:verification
272:
252:
235:
226:
220:
209:
172:
148:
141:
112:polyethylene
108:polyurethane
84:vacuum flask
73:
62:Construction
16:
15:
2384:Food safety
2150:Heat sealer
2115:Case sealer
1989:Papermaking
1909:Die cutting
1874:Calendering
1778:Shrink wrap
1653:Molded pulp
1638:Meat diaper
1603:Kraft paper
1583:Foam peanut
1573:Double seam
1543:Coextrusion
1513:Bubble wrap
1493:Bail handle
1438:Thermal bag
1361:Plastic bag
1176:Boil-in-bag
1108:Wine bottle
1093:Spray paint
1048:Popcorn bag
1043:Oyster pail
928:Beer bottle
351:Thermal bag
263:latent heat
133:bubble wrap
96:foam (EPS,
94:polystyrene
56:swap bodies
2378:Categories
2230:Staple gun
2210:Palletizer
2100:Can seamer
1969:Lamination
1894:Converting
1783:Slip sheet
1698:Paperboard
1563:Cushioning
1523:Cellophane
1498:Bioplastic
1476:components
1463:Wooden box
1433:Tetra Brik
1356:Paper sack
1331:Multi-pack
1281:Gunny sack
1151:Bag-in-box
1118:Containers
983:Flour sack
968:Egg carton
943:Coffee bag
923:Banana box
865:Shelf life
478:US 6119465
459:US 6868982
437:US 5201868
418:US 5924302
403:4 December
378:References
341:Slurry ice
336:Shelf life
326:Cold chain
289:validation
210:A digital
184:slurry ice
45:cold chain
2323:Recycling
2130:Drum pump
2073:Machinery
1924:Extrusion
1842:Processes
1813:Tear tape
1803:Susceptor
1793:Strapping
1748:Screw cap
1723:Polyester
1568:Desiccant
1472:Materials
1453:Unit load
1408:Skin pack
1351:Paper bag
1221:Clamshell
963:Drink can
895:Wrap rage
779:Packaging
706:0948-3349
644:: 25–35.
591:136558384
556:135844034
297:ISO 9000s
195:ice packs
98:styrofoam
49:insulated
41:chemicals
21:packaging
2256:post-use
2145:Heat gun
2095:Calender
2004:Printing
1833:Velostat
1828:Tinplate
1663:Overwrap
1588:Gel pack
1578:Flip-top
1483:Adhesive
1418:Squround
1321:Mesh bag
1306:Jerrycan
1251:Envelope
1191:Bulk box
1068:Sand bag
1033:Milk bag
1018:Juicebox
933:Box wine
906:packages
658:14036303
319:See also
1979:Molding
1884:Coating
1879:Canning
1538:Coating
1528:Closure
1286:Inhaler
1141:Ampoule
1013:Growler
904:Product
786:General
303:, etc.
259:R-value
193:Gel or
189:dry ice
2363:
2298:Litter
2140:Filler
1683:Pallet
1381:Sachet
1246:Endcap
1211:Carton
1206:Carboy
1181:Bottle
1161:Barrel
788:topics
741:
731:
704:
656:
589:
554:
513:May 5,
484:
465:
446:
424:
265:, and
222:Labels
203:(PCMs)
122:(VIPs)
102:cooler
33:organs
1688:Paper
1608:Label
1508:BoPET
1231:Crate
663:9 Oct
654:S2CID
587:S2CID
552:S2CID
397:(PDF)
214:or a
144:reuse
37:blood
25:foods
1518:Bung
1458:Vial
1448:Tube
1346:Pail
1241:Drum
1216:Chub
1201:Case
1196:Cage
739:ISBN
729:ISBN
702:ISSN
665:2018
515:2021
405:2020
284:ASTM
1613:Lid
1474:and
1316:Keg
1311:Jug
1301:Jar
1186:Box
1156:Bag
692:doi
646:doi
614:doi
579:doi
542:doi
257:or
180:ice
153:Use
2380::
700:.
688:19
686:.
682:.
652:.
642:21
640:.
636:.
610:33
608:,
585:.
575:20
573:.
550:.
538:20
536:.
532:.
499:.
299:,
182:,
110:,
82:a
58:.
35:,
31:,
27:,
771:e
764:t
757:v
708:.
694::
667:.
648::
616::
593:.
581::
558:.
544::
517:.
129:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
