524:
620:
346:
45:
261:
635:) was a filigree of solid gold hanging from a pike, with many colored feathers, which would distinguish it from lesser insignia. This standard was never removed except under the greatest duress, and was never entrusted to same general in chief. Its loss prefigured a loss in battle, so Hernán Cortés fought to the end to seize it, and this decided the battle.
885:
half-moon, toads, serpents, and the lion; the last is supposed to be the parent of the seventeen Belgic lions. According to many authorities, the
Sicambri bore a bull's head; the Suevi, a bear; the Alani, a cat, the Saxons, a horse; the Cimbri and most of the Celts, a bull. The military ensign of the Goths was a cock
638:
In antiquity, the animate and inanimate objects that were used on insignia derived ultimately from deities and were revered for that reason. With the rise of
Christianity in the Middle Ages, those objects were replaced with the Christian cross and the emblems of patron saints, so that insignias were
568:
was also put thereon, and on swords and shields. When fixed and permanent troops were established, the princes gave them flags adorned with their swords and shields, or those of the leaders of each body. Some particulars of the military units were also shown on them. Soon the great and the good were
135:
At the earliest times, military insignias were very simple. Tree branches, mauled birds, heads of beasts, or a handful of dry grass, were placed on top of a pole or long stick, so that the combatants could recognize themselves in the fight, or to signpost a meeting place in retreat or defeat. But as
884:
The emblems of the barbarian hordes which, rushing upon the Roman
Colossus, over-run and subdued Gaul, and established themselves in place of the aboriginal inhabitants, are so numerous and diverse, it is impossible to determine with precision the ensigns of each. To the Franks are ascribed the
699:
By Divine order, the
Israelites encamped "each person by his flag, according to the insignia of his ancestor's house, at a distance surrounding the Tent of Meeting shall they encamp" (Numbers 2:2). According to the Midrash Rabbah Numbers 2:7, this meant that each tribe had a specific color and
292:
replaced them all with the eagle, which became the standard insignia for the legions. Each legion, or at least the first, carried a silver eagle with wings extended, on a sculptural base and placed at the top of a pike. The eagle was entrusted to the
1414:
563:
In the Middle Ages each town or village's crest was carried in the militia, for recognition, but also reverence: the settlement's patron saint was painted on the crest, and prayed to for protection. The patron saint of the
1003:
Near him was the royal standard of Mexico, which was never brought into the field but on the most urgent occasions: it was a net of masly gold, crowned with a plume of variegated feathers, and fastened to a
913:
The
Maltese Cross formally adopted by the Knights Hospitallers of St. John in 1126, stylistically owes its origins to the crosses used in the crusades, when it was identified as the symbol of the "Christian
369:
and centurions wrote their names in the middle of their shields, so that every soldier would know his own. In the centuries before
Vegetius, only maniples had insignia: cohorts did not. Sometimes only the
2805:
434:
served as insignia to the barbarians. When these came under control of the Romans, they would probably retain their military insignia, which could be confused with the eagles of the Roman legions.
2423:
1460:
589:
embroidered with gold and various Arabic characters. At the spearhead was a golden knob, topped by a silver half moon. In addition, they also used to hang some ponytails or large bundles of
3192:
68: 'emblem, symbol, ensign') is a sign or mark distinguishing a group, grade, rank, or function. It can be a symbol of personal power or that of an official group or governing body.
2348:
118:
The use of insignias predates history, both for personal and group (especially military) use. When the insignia was meant to be seen, it was placed at top of a pole or the head of a
3679:
2304:
1556:
3674:
2922:
2946:
3608:
1842:
3997:
3603:
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2795:
3547:
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2289:
794:
According to Pliny, Consul Gaius Marius designated the eagle the exclusive military standard of the Roman legion, replacing the wolf, ox with a man's head, horse and boar
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3435:
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2800:
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1875:
110:
word, i.e. unchanged for both singular and plural, or it can take the plural form "insignias", both equally valid options. The singular "insigne" is rarely used.
3802:
3532:
3517:
3481:
3466:
3425:
3410:
3120:
2715:
2360:
2336:
252:
Among the ancient armies, sometimes raising a mantle of purple (or any other color) was all that was needed to make an announcement or give the order to attack.
3649:
3634:
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3420:
3405:
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122:. The Persians used a golden eagle as an insignia, the Assyrians a dove, and the Armenians a lion. The eagle came to serve a more important function as the
3851:
3836:
3723:
3708:
2415:
1936:
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3777:
3113:
3018:
2072:
1931:
1093:
3787:
3772:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
2983:
2917:
2790:
2668:
2114:
2005:
1987:
230:
639:
respected even more than they had been before. Even in modern times, loss of an insignia or standard is seen as a profoundly dishonorable misfortune.
3095:
2785:
1299:
377:
The insignias below the eagle were composed of medallions, placed one above the other and nailed to the spear rod. These medallions bore the letters
245:
The principal insignia of the
Persians was a golden eagle on the end of a pike, placed on a wagon guarded by two of the most distinguished officers.
2976:
1760:
3373:
1982:
1921:
1906:
1733:
71:
An insignia, which is typically made of metal or fabric, is a standalone symbol of a particular or general authority. Together, insignias form a
1470:
1329:
3935:
3930:
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3268:
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1916:
1901:
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1549:
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3299:
3263:
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2000:
1728:
1630:
1544:
2593:
2499:
2428:
2400:
2309:
1822:
1625:
938:
Also known as the
Crusader cross, the Jerusalem cross dates back to the 11th and 12th century when the Crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099
523:
3202:
2494:
1229:
1435:
821:
He was standard-bearer for the centurial signum, a spear shaft decorated with medallions and topped with an open hand to signify loyalty
3920:
3905:
3900:
3358:
3343:
3132:
2956:
2837:
2598:
1174:
712:
136:
the arts of war were refined, sturdier and brighter insignias were designed, and everyone wanted theirs to use characteristic symbols.
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3353:
3338:
3253:
3238:
3013:
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1817:
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1534:
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3125:
3108:
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1772:
1723:
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1635:
1615:
1529:
1514:
988:
3212:
3068:
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1777:
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with the pelt of a bear, lion, or other ferocious animal, to indicate the courage and tenacity with which they would defend it.
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2720:
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2479:
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commanding the army. When the chief lord commanded in person or was in the army, the flag or main banner bore seven ponytails (
2045:
951:
2998:
2760:
2343:
2167:
1705:
1580:
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In times of peace the legions that were stood down deposited their insignias in the public treasury under the custody of the
1056:
3309:
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339:
1830:
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had an insignia of the same colour, on which the name of the legion and number of the centuria was embroidered in gold.
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3137:
3100:
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961:
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In the age of the
Emperors, the armies were often identified by a silver hand with an open palm (manus), known as the
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3038:
3003:
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2730:
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2212:
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1219:
844:
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had an insignia of a distinctive colour, on which was a figure or symbol that designated the tribe, according to the
162:
Idolatrous peoples had images of their gods or symbols of their princes on their insignias. The
Egyptians chose the
2870:
2703:
2638:
2331:
2162:
2157:
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1852:
327:, on which probably would be portraits of gods or Roman heroes, with other emblems representing each legion. Some
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2199:
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2020:
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1962:
1645:
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had a sword as the characteristic symbol in their insignia, which among them represented the God of war; the
2227:
321:
Monuments surviving from antiquity usually are adorned with the insignia of crowns and small shields called
3033:
2812:
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2109:
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2012:
1972:
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1354:
1339:
1304:
1294:
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1169:
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1700:
2745:
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2067:
1650:
1585:
3304:
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3175:
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2129:
1685:
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1369:
1224:
1199:
1164:
1149:
3319:
2852:
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2545:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2139:
2119:
2052:
2035:
1967:
1801:
1670:
1640:
1605:
1590:
1485:
1379:
1349:
1334:
1319:
1309:
1269:
1264:
1214:
1184:
1159:
1134:
31:
2912:
2847:
2827:
2817:
2673:
2623:
2618:
2134:
2124:
2104:
2077:
1977:
1680:
1675:
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1610:
1600:
1440:
1389:
1324:
1284:
1244:
1139:
272:
as an insignia, placed at the top of a pole like most others. Over time they took the figures of a
491:
and other barbarians represented several animals, including the bull, the lion, and the bear. The
3992:
3314:
2832:
2735:
2698:
2650:
2628:
2565:
2410:
2269:
2234:
2194:
2144:
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1495:
1450:
1364:
1314:
1274:
1259:
1239:
1204:
1144:
619:
305:
140:
17:
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2149:
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1835:
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1490:
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1289:
1179:
1036:
975:
The standard in silk, cloth of gold, a base-colour of violet blue with a (half)-moon at the top
871:
3960:
2570:
2177:
834:
612:, considered the most precious safeguard. It is usually kept in a golden ark, along with the
406:
4023:
2655:
2575:
2353:
418:
8:
1071:
374:
in purple, and the insignia of the unit, were put atop a pike with no further adornment.
83:
897:
2693:
2688:
628:
545:
315:
718:
4018:
2880:
1787:
957:
840:
776:
156:
144:
507:, an Egyptian deity, from which country they were supposedly descendants; the first
858:
18. The names and ranks of soldiers are to be written on the names of their shields
632:
598:
535:. Counterfactual scene with the Templar Grand Master carrying the Order's insignia.
529:
492:
206:
152:
87:
79:
2885:
557:
549:
285:
234:
218:
38:
1865:
345:
318:, for which the preliminary plans had it topped with a bird, probably an eagle.
743:
467:
148:
107:
57:
627:
The Royal Standard of the Mexicans, as Solís calls it (the standard seized by
4012:
1102:
683:
570:
553:
481:
353:
An eagle is visible on the top of an insignia on Trajan's Column, on a small
214:
199:
95:
437:
Officers of the Roman legions responsible for carrying the insignia, called
427:, which appears often on Trajan's Column, was not protected but at the top.
417:
in that it was flat and retained its square shape, as seen in the medals of
393:
308:, as a symbol of loyalty. The insignia was carried by an officer called the
658:
541:
504:
366:
289:
129:
37:"Insigne" redirects here. For the Italian association football player, see
565:
410:
772:
The Caesar of Paris: Napoleon Bonaparte, Rome and the Artistic Obsession
202:
Agamemnon used a purple cloth to mark the meeting-point for his troops.
194:
on a spearhead were the military insignias of the Greeks. Nevertheless,
48:
Military insignia of the Capitán General del Ejército de Tierra español.
44:
335:
328:
174:
records in chapters XXV and XLVI of his prophecies; because the name "
590:
294:
175:
167:
609:
586:
496:
461:
444:
423:
362:
356:
281:
246:
171:
260:
448:
431:
401:
298:
222:
205:
Little by little, insignias were used on swords and shields. The
191:
342:
and the legions removed all mention of him from their insignia.
249:
assumes that this insignia was used by all the kings of Persia.
653:
508:
226:
210:
187:
163:
91:
613:
594:
488:
452:
430:
Vegetius records that in his time the banners in the form of
195:
119:
27:
Sign or mark distinguishing a group, grade, rank, or function
170:, among others; the Assyrians and Babylonians had doves, as
1059:[Spanish insignias in the Middle Ages] (in Spanish)
990:
A New Universal Collection of Authentic Voyages and Travels
663:
582:
581:
The standards and insignias of the Turks were generally of
512:
471:
379:
277:
273:
1101:
75:
with the different elements of a rank, grade, or dignity.
269:
1040:
268:
At first, the Romans had nothing more than a handful of
898:"The Maltese Cross: Its origin and importance to Malta"
593:, whose number indicated the dignity of the general or
500:
927:"The History and Significance of the Jerusalem Cross"
608:
The most important standard for the Turks is that of
870:
Preble, George Henry; Asnis, Charles Edward (1917).
147:. Scripture mentions the lion as the symbol of the
616:. It is only removed in the direst circumstances.
4010:
714:The Iliad of Homer, translated by Alexander Pope
466:, who would withdraw them and take them to the
331:are adorned with insignias as trophies of war.
874:. Philadelphia: Nicholas S. Brown. p. 102
1087:
503:, which, according to Beneton, meant the god
484:must dispense the signs from their stores").
459:
78:There are many types of insignia, including
869:
475:
438:
384:
354:
322:
309:
123:
1094:
1080:
1057:"Las insignias españolas en la Edad Media"
839:. Liverpool University Press. p. 50.
872:"Origin and history of the American Flag"
731:His purple robe, bright ensign of command
178:", originally "Chemirmor", means "dove".
949:
618:
522:
344:
259:
43:
805:
768:
649:Military colours, standards and guidons
237:used the initial letter of their name.
14:
4011:
832:
288:, in the second year of his consulate
155:, the stars and firmament that of the
1075:
986:
836:Vegetuis' Epitome of Military Science
806:Authors, Several (17 December 2015).
953:The Turks in the Early Islamic World
1557:Apartheid States in Southern Africa
1018:Diccionario histórico enciclopédico
470:when the troops were mobilized, as
106:"Insignia" can be used either as a
24:
1115:List of comparative military ranks
775:. Simon and Schuster. p. 89.
101:
25:
4035:
1029:
950:Bosworth, C. Edmund, ed. (2017).
544:, all the crusaders that went to
477:Signa quaestores ex cerario ferre
389:, and a portrait of the Emperor.
181:
3976:Women's Services in World War II
1415:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
987:Drake, Edmund Cavendish (1768).
717:. Vol. VIII. Archived from
585:cloth of various colors, with a
1471:People's Republic of Mozambique
1009:
993:. London: J. Cooke. p. 216
980:
943:
255:
2361:People's Republic of Kampuchea
919:
890:
863:
826:
799:
762:
736:
705:
676:
518:
13:
1:
1823:Confederate States of America
669:
576:
349:Vexilloid of the Roman Empire
2984:Independent State of Croatia
1872:United States Army enlisted
1039:(in Spanish). Archived from
809:History of the Roman Legions
528:The capture of Jerusalem by
314:. Many examples are seen on
221:adopted a winged-horse, the
139:Among the Jews, each of the
7:
2947:People's Socialist Republic
2416:Mongolian People's Republic
1436:People's Republic of Angola
642:
10:
4040:
3208:Socialist Federal Republic
552:on their banners, often a
386:Senatus Populusque Romanus
361:or standard. According to
113:
36:
29:
3950:
3893:
3886:
3829:
3822:
3765:
3758:
3701:
3694:
3619:
3563:
3507:
3451:
3395:
3388:
3328:
3290:
3283:
3223:
3133:Slovakia (First Republic)
2931:
2901:
2521:
2514:
2454:
2321:
2278:
2041:Border Roads Organisation
1958:
1951:
1891:
1810:
1576:
1569:
1504:
1428:
1403:
1130:
1123:
1110:
684:"The Flags of the Tribes"
487:Insignias of the Ancient
240:
213:, the olive tree and the
32:Insignia (disambiguation)
3971:Officers of World War II
3096:Polish People's Republic
2183:Maritime Security Agency
1818:Canada (pre-Unification)
1175:Central African Republic
132:, around 100 years BCE.
3966:Officers of World War I
3759:Commonwealth of Nations
1105:and insignia by country
769:Jacques, Susan (2018).
151:, the ship that of the
141:twelve Tribes of Israel
2556:Bosnia and Herzegovina
833:Milner, N. P. (2001).
624:
602:
569:pleased to lend their
537:
476:
460:
439:
405:, a standard in which
392:Each maniple and each
385:
355:
350:
323:
310:
265:
128:, the insignia of the
124:
49:
3952:Comparative ranks of
3054:Napoleonic Grand Army
2886:Air Force other ranks
2806:Between 1994 and 2010
1696:Saint Kitts and Nevis
1330:São Tomé and Príncipe
1195:Republic of the Congo
748:Encyclopaedia Iranica
622:
526:
407:Constantine the Great
348:
263:
47:
2337:Republic (1912–1949)
2255:United Arab Emirates
721:on 10 September 2015
419:Theodosius the Great
413:, differed from the
284:until, according to
198:records that at the
84:military decorations
30:For other uses, see
2905:limited recognition
2634:Air and Space Force
2312:(Republic of China)
2282:limited recognition
2046:Paramilitary forces
1706:Trinidad and Tobago
1581:Antigua and Barbuda
1407:limited recognition
1021:(in Spanish). 1830.
750:. 21 November 2011
186:In Heroic times, a
3695:Post-Soviet states
3114:Socialist Republic
3030:Kingdom of Greece
2881:Air Force officers
2178:Civil Armed Forces
1857:Republic of Texas
1636:Dominican Republic
1043:on 2 February 2023
1037:"Nobili Militaria"
625:
573:to favored units.
538:
451:would cover their
351:
338:died, many blamed
266:
50:
4006:
4005:
3946:
3945:
3882:
3881:
3818:
3817:
3754:
3753:
3690:
3689:
3384:
3383:
3279:
3278:
3069:People's Republic
2977:People's Republic
2510:
2509:
2357:
2344:Dutch East Indies
1947:
1946:
1565:
1564:
1481:South West Africa
1210:Equatorial Guinea
157:Tribe of Issachar
145:Blessing of Jacob
16:(Redirected from
4031:
3891:
3890:
3827:
3826:
3763:
3762:
3699:
3698:
3671:Military police
3393:
3392:
3310:Papua New Guinea
3288:
3287:
3213:Federal Republic
3101:Republika Srpska
2953:Austria–Hungary
2866:Army other ranks
2519:
2518:
2351:
2313:
1956:
1955:
1848:Empire of Brazil
1574:
1573:
1461:Ethiopian Empire
1456:Kingdom of Egypt
1128:
1127:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1052:
1050:
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1023:
1022:
1013:
1007:
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1000:
998:
984:
978:
977:
972:
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947:
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935:
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923:
917:
916:
910:
908:
894:
888:
887:
881:
879:
867:
861:
860:
855:
853:
830:
824:
823:
818:
816:
803:
797:
796:
791:
789:
766:
760:
759:
757:
755:
740:
734:
733:
728:
726:
709:
703:
702:
696:
694:
680:
633:Battle of Otumba
623:Battle of Otumba
530:Jacques de Molay
493:Ripuarian Franks
479:
465:
442:
421:and others. The
388:
360:
326:
313:
153:Tribe of Zebulun
127:
21:
4039:
4038:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4009:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3942:
3878:
3814:
3750:
3686:
3615:
3559:
3503:
3447:
3380:
3324:
3275:
3219:
3084:Social Republic
2999:Weimar Republic
2927:
2918:Northern Cyprus
2904:
2897:
2857:United Kingdom
2731:North Macedonia
2506:
2450:
2401:Kingdom of Laos
2394:Liberation Army
2370:Imperial Japan
2354:Second Republic
2317:
2311:
2281:
2274:
1943:
1887:
1806:
1788:Opposing forces
1783:Warrant officer
1561:
1500:
1424:
1406:
1399:
1119:
1106:
1100:
1062:
1060:
1055:
1046:
1044:
1035:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1015:
1014:
1010:
996:
994:
985:
981:
968:
966:
964:
948:
944:
931:
929:
925:
924:
920:
906:
904:
902:Malta Uncovered
896:
895:
891:
877:
875:
868:
864:
851:
849:
847:
831:
827:
814:
812:
804:
800:
787:
785:
783:
767:
763:
753:
751:
742:
741:
737:
724:
722:
711:
710:
706:
692:
690:
682:
681:
677:
672:
645:
579:
558:Jerusalem cross
550:Christian cross
521:
316:Trajan's Column
306:Signum manipuli
286:Pliny the Elder
264:Roman standards
258:
243:
184:
116:
104:
102:Singular/plural
42:
39:Lorenzo Insigne
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4037:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4004:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3903:
3894:
3888:
3884:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3830:
3824:
3823:European Union
3820:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3797:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3766:
3760:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3702:
3696:
3692:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3527:
3526:
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3520:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3399:
3397:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3135:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3126:White Movement
3121:Russian Empire
3118:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3091:Ottoman Empire
3088:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3028:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2989:Czechoslovakia
2986:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2935:
2933:
2929:
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2926:
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2915:
2909:
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2899:
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2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2855:
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2845:
2840:
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2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2683:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2578:
2576:Czech Republic
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2522:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2489:
2488:
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2467:
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2438:
2433:
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2426:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2349:East Turkestan
2346:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2286:
2284:
2276:
2275:
2273:
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2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2015:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1855:
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1845:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1825:
1820:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1710:United States
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1446:Bophuthatswana
1443:
1438:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1411:
1409:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1387:
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1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1103:Military ranks
1099:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1053:
1031:
1030:External links
1028:
1025:
1024:
1008:
979:
963:978-1351880879
962:
942:
918:
889:
862:
845:
825:
798:
782:978-1681778693
781:
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668:
667:
666:
661:
656:
651:
644:
641:
578:
575:
520:
517:
482:quartermasters
468:Campus Martius
257:
254:
242:
239:
183:
182:Ancient Greece
180:
149:Tribe of Judah
115:
112:
108:plurale tantum
103:
100:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4036:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4014:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3983:Marine forces
3981:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3956:Highest ranks
3954:
3953:
3949:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
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3351:
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3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3172:2nd Republic
3171:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
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3127:
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3122:
3119:
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3062:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2994:German Empire
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2960:
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2906:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2871:Navy officers
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2861:Army officers
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
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2834:
2831:
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2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2709:Finance Guard
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2682:
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2390:
2387:
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2377:
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2372:
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2369:
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2366:Imperial Iran
2364:
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2359:
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2335:
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2330:
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2305:South Ossetia
2303:
2301:
2298:
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2138:
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2099:
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2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
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2074:
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2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
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2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1908:
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1762:
1759:
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1754:
1752:
1749:
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1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
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1709:
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1704:
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1699:
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1684:
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1679:
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1672:
1669:
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1604:
1602:
1599:
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1579:
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1568:
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1510:
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1507:
1503:
1497:
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1479:
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1469:
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1464:
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1449:
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1427:
1421:
1418:
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1413:
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1410:
1408:
1402:
1396:
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1383:
1381:
1378:
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1373:
1371:
1368:
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1356:
1353:
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1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
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1263:
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1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1250:Guinea-Bissau
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
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1201:
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1181:
1178:
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1173:
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1168:
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1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1104:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1058:
1054:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1020:
1019:
1012:
1005:
992:
991:
983:
976:
965:
959:
956:. Routledge.
955:
954:
946:
939:
928:
922:
915:
903:
899:
893:
886:
873:
866:
859:
848:
846:0-85323-910-X
842:
838:
837:
829:
822:
811:
810:
802:
795:
784:
778:
774:
773:
765:
749:
745:
739:
732:
720:
716:
715:
708:
701:
689:
685:
679:
675:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
646:
640:
636:
634:
630:
629:Hernán Cortés
621:
617:
615:
611:
606:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
574:
572:
571:coats of arms
567:
561:
559:
555:
554:Maltese cross
551:
547:
543:
536:
532:
531:
525:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
499:a head of an
498:
494:
490:
485:
483:
478:
473:
469:
464:
463:
456:
454:
450:
446:
441:
435:
433:
428:
426:
425:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
403:
397:
395:
390:
387:
382:
381:
375:
373:
368:
367:Roman cohorts
364:
359:
358:
347:
343:
341:
337:
332:
330:
325:
319:
317:
312:
307:
302:
300:
296:
291:
287:
283:
279:
276:, a horse, a
275:
271:
262:
253:
250:
248:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
203:
201:
200:Siege of Troy
197:
193:
190:, helmet, or
189:
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
160:
159:, and so on.
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
137:
133:
131:
130:Roman legions
126:
121:
111:
109:
99:
97:
96:coats of arms
93:
89:
85:
81:
76:
74:
69:
67:
63:
59:
55:
46:
40:
33:
19:
3993:Gendarmeries
3988:Space forces
3961:Star ranking
3564:Hispanophone
3138:Soviet Union
3026:East Germany
3004:Nazi Germany
2923:Transnistria
2876:Navy ratings
2250:Turkmenistan
2200:Saudi Arabia
1992:PR of China
1881:World War II
1773:Marine Corps
1767:
1740:
1713:
1355:South Africa
1345:Sierra Leone
1155:Burkina Faso
1061:. Retrieved
1045:. Retrieved
1041:the original
1017:
1011:
1002:
995:. Retrieved
989:
982:
974:
967:. Retrieved
952:
945:
937:
930:. Retrieved
921:
912:
905:. Retrieved
901:
892:
883:
876:. Retrieved
865:
857:
850:. Retrieved
835:
828:
820:
813:. Retrieved
808:
801:
793:
786:. Retrieved
771:
764:
752:. Retrieved
747:
738:
730:
723:. Retrieved
719:the original
713:
707:
698:
691:. Retrieved
687:
678:
659:Coat of arms
637:
626:
607:
580:
562:
542:the Crusades
539:
534:
527:
511:kings had a
486:
457:
440:insigniferos
436:
429:
422:
414:
400:
398:
391:
378:
376:
371:
352:
333:
320:
303:
290:Gaius Marius
267:
256:Ancient Rome
251:
244:
204:
185:
161:
138:
134:
117:
105:
77:
72:
70:
65:
64:, plural of
61:
53:
51:
4024:Award items
3508:Francophone
3329:Comparative
3305:New Zealand
3224:Comparative
3199:Yugoslavia
2903:States with
2843:Switzerland
2756:Netherlands
2704:Carabinieri
2674:Coast Guard
2669:Land Forces
2629:Gendarmerie
2455:Comparative
2436:South Yemen
2280:States with
2228:Coast Guard
2190:Philippines
2036:Coast Guard
1963:Afghanistan
1892:Comparative
1876:World War I
1778:Space Force
1761:Coast Guard
1734:Coast Guard
1646:El Salvador
1505:Comparative
1405:States with
1360:South Sudan
1255:Ivory Coast
997:11 February
969:11 February
932:11 February
907:11 February
878:11 February
852:11 February
815:11 February
788:11 February
754:11 February
725:11 February
693:11 February
566:feudal lord
519:Middle Ages
411:Christogram
329:battlements
219:Corinthians
4013:Categories
3927:Air Force
3863:Air force
3799:Air force
3735:Air force
3656:Air force
3600:Air force
3544:Air force
3488:Air force
3452:Arabophone
3432:Air force
3396:Anglophone
3365:Air force
3260:Air force
2813:San Marino
2751:Montenegro
2726:Luxembourg
2599:Home Guard
2541:Azerbaijan
2491:Air force
2260:Uzbekistan
2240:Tajikistan
2209:Sri Lanka
2110:Kyrgyzstan
2083:Kazakhstan
2013:East Timor
1973:Bangladesh
1928:Air force
1843:Costa Rica
1541:Air force
1420:Somaliland
1340:Seychelles
1305:Mozambique
1295:Mauritania
1280:Madagascar
1170:Cape Verde
1063:1 December
1047:6 February
670:References
577:Modern era
462:quaestores
443:, be they
336:Germanicus
295:centurions
231:Messinians
73:decoration
56:(from
3998:UK and US
3620:Lusophone
3295:Australia
3186:Air Force
3044:Air Force
3019:Air Force
2968:Bulgaria
2796:Air Force
2721:Lithuania
2699:Air Force
2639:Foresters
2594:Air Force
2411:Mengjiang
2406:Manchukuo
2300:Palestine
2223:Air Force
2205:Singapore
2168:Air Force
2154:Pakistan
2053:Indonesia
2026:Air Force
2006:Air Force
1802:Venezuela
1756:Air Force
1741:Enlisted:
1729:Air Force
1714:Officers:
1681:Nicaragua
1651:Guatemala
1586:Argentina
591:horsehair
546:Palestine
409:placed a
235:Laconians
207:Athenians
176:Semiramis
168:crocodile
4019:Insignia
3936:Enlisted
3931:Officers
3921:Enlisted
3916:Officers
3906:Enlisted
3901:Officers
3872:Enlisted
3867:Officers
3857:Enlisted
3852:Officers
3842:Enlisted
3837:Officers
3808:Enlisted
3803:Officers
3793:Enlisted
3788:Officers
3778:Enlisted
3773:Officers
3744:Enlisted
3739:Officers
3729:Enlisted
3724:Officers
3714:Enlisted
3709:Officers
3680:Enlisted
3675:Officers
3665:Enlisted
3660:Officers
3650:Enlisted
3645:Officers
3635:Enlisted
3630:Officers
3609:Enlisted
3604:Officers
3594:Enlisted
3589:Officers
3579:Enlisted
3574:Officers
3553:Enlisted
3548:Officers
3538:Enlisted
3533:Officers
3523:Enlisted
3518:Officers
3497:Enlisted
3492:Officers
3482:Enlisted
3477:Officers
3467:Enlisted
3462:Officers
3441:Enlisted
3436:Officers
3426:Enlisted
3421:Officers
3411:Enlisted
3406:Officers
3389:Language
3374:Enlisted
3369:Officers
3359:Enlisted
3354:Officers
3344:Enlisted
3339:Officers
3269:Enlisted
3264:Officers
3254:Enlisted
3249:Officers
3239:Enlisted
3234:Officers
3105:Romania
3060:Hungary
2938:Albania
2828:Slovenia
2823:Slovakia
2801:Cossacks
2771:Portugal
2665:Iceland
2580:Denmark
2561:Bulgaria
2500:Enlisted
2495:Officers
2485:Enlisted
2480:Officers
2470:Enlisted
2465:Officers
2420:Vietnam
2290:Abkhazia
2245:Thailand
2135:Mongolia
2130:Maldives
2125:Malaysia
1988:Cambodia
1937:Enlisted
1932:Officers
1922:Enlisted
1917:Officers
1907:Enlisted
1902:Officers
1701:Suriname
1686:Paraguay
1666:Honduras
1626:Colombia
1596:Barbados
1570:Americas
1550:Enlisted
1545:Officers
1535:Enlisted
1530:Officers
1520:Enlisted
1515:Officers
1486:Transkei
1476:Rhodesia
1395:Zimbabwe
1370:Tanzania
1225:Ethiopia
1220:Eswatini
1200:Djibouti
1190:DR Congo
1165:Cameroon
1150:Botswana
914:warrior"
744:"DERAFŠ"
643:See also
610:Muhammad
587:scimitar
548:put the
509:Frankish
497:Sicambri
445:infantry
424:vexillum
415:vexillum
394:centuria
372:vexillum
363:Vegetius
357:vexillum
311:signifer
282:minotaur
280:, and a
247:Xenophon
172:Jeremiah
166:and the
62:insignia
54:insignia
3320:Vanuatu
3284:Oceania
3203:Kingdom
3163:1955–91
3158:1943–55
3153:1940–43
3148:1935–40
3143:1918–35
3109:Kingdom
3079:Kingdom
3064:Kingdom
3050:France
2972:Kingdom
2942:Kingdom
2893:Vatican
2853:Ukraine
2776:Romania
2741:Moldova
2681:Ireland
2661:Hungary
2651:Georgia
2646:Germany
2615:France
2611:Finland
2606:Estonia
2566:Croatia
2551:Belgium
2546:Belarus
2536:Austria
2531:Armenia
2526:Albania
2310:Taiwan
2295:Artsakh
2265:Vietnam
2173:Marines
2140:Myanmar
2120:Lebanon
1968:Bahrain
1797:Uruguay
1671:Jamaica
1641:Ecuador
1606:Bolivia
1591:Bahamas
1466:Katanga
1380:Tunisia
1350:Somalia
1335:Senegal
1320:Nigeria
1310:Namibia
1300:Morocco
1270:Liberia
1265:Lesotho
1215:Eritrea
1185:Comoros
1160:Burundi
1135:Algeria
631:at the
599:Turkish
540:During
533:in 1299
449:cavalry
432:dragons
402:labarum
299:Triarii
297:of the
223:Thebans
192:cuirass
114:History
92:emblems
66:insigne
18:Insigne
3169:Spain
3075:Italy
2932:Former
2913:Kosovo
2848:Turkey
2838:Sweden
2818:Serbia
2781:Russia
2766:Poland
2761:Norway
2746:Monaco
2716:Latvia
2685:Italy
2656:Greece
2571:Cyprus
2515:Europe
2389:Empire
2385:Korea
2332:Empire
2328:China
2322:Former
2105:Kuwait
2078:Jordan
2068:Israel
2017:India
1983:Brunei
1978:Bhutan
1853:Panama
1827:Union
1811:Former
1768:Other:
1676:Mexico
1656:Guyana
1616:Canada
1611:Brazil
1601:Belize
1451:Ciskei
1441:Biafra
1429:Former
1390:Zambia
1385:Uganda
1325:Rwanda
1285:Malawi
1245:Guinea
1235:Gambia
1140:Angola
1124:Africa
960:
843:
779:
700:emblem
654:Emblem
480:("The
474:says:
365:, the
324:clypei
241:Persia
229:, the
227:sphinx
217:. The
211:Athena
188:shield
164:parrot
125:aquila
94:, and
88:crowns
3912:Navy
3897:Army
3848:Navy
3833:Army
3784:Navy
3769:Army
3720:Navy
3705:Army
3641:Navy
3626:Army
3585:Navy
3570:Army
3529:Navy
3514:Army
3473:Navy
3458:Army
3417:Navy
3402:Army
3350:Navy
3335:Army
3315:Tonga
3245:Navy
3230:Army
3193:State
2833:Spain
2736:Malta
2476:Navy
2461:Army
2441:Tibet
2429:South
2424:State
2270:Yemen
2235:Syria
2195:Qatar
2145:Nepal
2098:South
2093:North
2088:Korea
2073:Japan
1913:Navy
1898:Army
1661:Haiti
1621:Chile
1526:Navy
1511:Army
1496:Zaire
1491:Venda
1365:Sudan
1315:Niger
1275:Libya
1260:Kenya
1240:Ghana
1230:Gabon
1205:Egypt
1145:Benin
688:JLife
614:Quran
595:pasha
489:Gauls
453:armor
334:When
196:Homer
120:spear
80:civil
60:
58:Latin
3887:NATO
3300:Fiji
3181:Navy
3176:Army
3039:Navy
3034:Army
3014:Navy
3009:Army
2962:Navy
2957:Army
2791:Navy
2786:Army
2694:Navy
2689:Army
2624:Navy
2619:Army
2589:Navy
2584:Army
2446:Tuva
2379:Navy
2374:Army
2218:Navy
2213:Army
2163:Navy
2158:Army
2150:Oman
2115:Laos
2063:Iraq
2058:Iran
2031:Navy
2021:Army
2001:Navy
1996:Army
1952:Asia
1866:Navy
1861:Army
1836:Navy
1831:Army
1751:Navy
1746:Army
1724:Navy
1719:Army
1691:Peru
1631:Cuba
1375:Togo
1290:Mali
1180:Chad
1065:2011
1049:2019
1004:pike
999:2019
971:2019
958:ISBN
934:2019
909:2019
880:2019
854:2019
841:ISBN
817:2019
790:2019
777:ISBN
756:2019
727:2019
695:2019
664:Logo
583:silk
513:toad
505:Apis
472:Livy
399:The
380:SPQR
340:Piso
278:boar
274:wolf
233:and
209:had
82:and
605:).
603:tug
556:or
447:or
270:hay
215:owl
52:An
4015::
1001:.
973:.
936:.
911:.
900:.
882:.
856:.
819:.
792:.
746:.
729:.
697:.
686:.
601::
560:.
515:.
501:ox
383:,
301:.
225:a
98:.
90:,
86:,
2356:)
2352:(
1095:e
1088:t
1081:v
1067:.
1051:.
758:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
