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Women in Indonesia

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2078: 175: 381: 2156: 37: 1921: 460: 1989:) ceremony are organized by local Islamic foundations around Prophet Muhammad's birthday. Some FGM are Type IV done with a pen knife, others are Type I done with scissors. Two Indonesian nationwide studies in 2003 and 2010 found over 80% of the cases sampled involved cutting, typically of newborns through the age of 9. Across the sites, among all the children aged 15–18, 86–100% of the girls were reported already circumcised. More than 90% of families visited in the studies claimed they wanted the practice to continue. 2138: 2214: 437:. The title Mangkubumi was formerly reserved for senior male princes groomed for the throne, including the reigning Sultan. The decree thus admits female royals into the line of succession for the first time since the inception of the Sultanate. According to the current Sultan, this was in line with his prerogatives; his action was nonetheless criticized by more conservative male family members such as his siblings, who were thus displaced in the line of succession. 1998: 4861: 190: 4871: 2241: 2152:, a small scale family-owned store, is often run equally by men and women. In most parts of the country, Indonesian women traditionally enjoy a degree of socio-economic freedom. To support their family's economy, Indonesian women are involved in economic activities outside of their households, although mostly informal small-scale business. It is common to find women-run businesses in traditional Indonesian marketplaces. 1984:
is commonly practiced in Indonesia. Female genital mutilation Type I and IV is prevalent in Indonesia; 49% of girls are mutilated by age 14, and 97.5% of the surveyed females from Muslim families (Muslim females are at least 85% of females in Indonesia) are mutilated by age 18 (55 million females as
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is one example of the rising numbers of female leaders throughout Indonesia. More and more women are becoming scholars. The ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary schools is also even as of 2013. More scholarships awarded by the Indonesian government (and some other institutions other than
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Nonetheless, the economy now seems to be improving (high GDP growth in 2012 as high as 6.2%) and some programs had been done by the government to help promote the health and welfare of women and children. A ministry that specifically concerns in the field had been established for a long time since
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society, women traditionally play important roles, especially concerning family and economic life. Despite traditional values that hold Balinese women responsible for fostering balance and harmony within families and producing high-quality offspring, in a fast changing society, their economic role
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In Indonesian culture, it is a social norm for husbands to financially provide for his wife and the whole family. Which means part of the husband's earnings is expected to be given to the wife and would in turn be managed by her for family spendings and savings. However, it is normal for women to
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culture. The price paid is based on the education, career, beauty, social and economic strata, or noble background of the bride. In Minangkabau matrilineal culture, the payment of the "groom price", is given to the groom's parents, as the husband is entering his newly wed wife's household, and is
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Indonesian women could be making considerable shifts to national employment - women currently hold 33% of non-agricultural employment as they also work in the prestigious and traditionally male-dominated field such as architecture, medicine, and engineering. Indonesian women have pursued various
1973:. In 2021 Jarangga spoke out about how there had been no reduction in the gender inequality that Papuan women face since 2008. She has also spoken out about how extractive industries increase violence against women, including denying women access to traditional economic resources. 2065:. A local saying that more children equated to more fortune and it was widely believed that the use of contraceptives contravened religious and moral values. This contributed to a very high fertility rate, recognising that it was a major factor in creating widespread poverty. 1949:". This kind of carriage was previously only able to be found on air-conditioned EMUs (which only provides women-only carriages on each end of the train), but a number of recently repaired non-air conditioned EMUs have also been equipped with the women-only carriage stickers. 2237:
the government) were given to women, and resulted in higher achievement in their later life. In most major cities like Jakarta and Surabaya, educated female workforce tend to postpone marriage, and girls who finish secondary school are six times less likely to marry early.
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women choose to reside in cities instead of staying in townships to perform agricultural work because of personal, professional, and family-related necessities, and economic requirements. These women are moving away from the traditional dictates of
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which refer to a gift provided by the groom to be given to the bride. It may contain a sum of money or gold, sometimes because of the adoption of Islamic culture, also include or replaced by symbolic religious items such as praying equipment
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Muslim 207176162 (87.18%), Christian 16528513 (6.96), Catholic 6907873 (2.91), Hindu 4012116 (1.69), Buddhist 1703254 (0.72), Khong Hu Chu 117091 (0.05), Other 299617 (0.13), Not Stated 139582 (0.06), Not Asked 757118 (0.32), Total
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In 2012, the company launched women-only trains. However, this practice ended the following year after reports found that mixed-use cars were overcrowded during rush hour while women's only cars were underutilised.
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culture, where property and family names are inherited from mother to daughter, and husbands are considered as "guests" in their wives' household. Its culture also recognises a prominent historic female figure,
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in response to reports of sexual harassment in public places, including commuter trains and buses. The women-only carriages on commuter trains are usually denoted by large pink or purple stickers, which read
289:, there are records of some prominent women that held and exercised considerable power and influence within their society, although usually reserved exclusively for an elite ruling class. They include 1875: 158:, wherein women act simply and solely as wives and mothers. At present, the women of Indonesia are also venturing actively into the realm of national development, and working as active members of 3012: 5086: 2117:, help Indonesian women to escape the common practice of private hospitals in Indonesia that entails detaining newborn infants until medical bills are fully remunerated by the mothers. 2225: 572: 256:
has grown. It is common for Balinese women to pursue economic activities outside of their household; thus, Balinese traditional marketplaces are filled with women running businesses.
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law in full, where all Muslim women must wear the traditional head covering known as hijab, and fraternising with the opposite sex outside marriage is banned.
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is a problem. Indonesian and foreign women and girls have been forced into prostitution in brothels and homes and been physically and psychologically abused.
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in manufacturing businesses. In the 1990s, some women in Indonesia, including adolescents and the homeless, resorted to engage in employment as
429:(previously known as Princess Pembayun) received the new name Mangkubumi Hamemayu Hayuning Bawana Langgeng ing Mataram. This denotes her as the 149:
today are being affected by many factors, including increased modernization, globalization, improved education and advances in technology. Many
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is also common. It is among the triggering factors of diseases in women such as cervical cancer, and is sustained by traditional norms.
3622: 729: 567: 3893: 2818: 4077: 3318: 2994: 414:, women have held equal legal rights with men in politics, although politics is still a male-dominated field in practice. In 2001, 396:, when a handful of upperclass native women advocated for women's rights and education for women. These women's right pioneers are 5127: 901: 4907: 4775: 3773: 3751: 2590: 720: 3578: 3454: 2855: 2782: 2101:
sanctuaries" that provide "free prenatal care, birthing services and medical aid", such as the Healthy Mother Earth Foundation (
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served as president of Indonesia from 2001 to 2004. In 2012, 18% of national parliament representatives were held by women.
5051: 4836: 4500: 1013: 411: 4443: 4052: 3778: 3635: 3201: 2378: 1080: 3661: 4156: 2837: 2097:, because of disproportionate salaries and medical expenses. Thus, these women require the support and assistance of " 4750: 4397: 4380: 3969: 3795: 2573: 1847: 1783: 4250: 4161: 4027: 3947: 3790: 3247:"THE INFLUENCE OF SEXUAL VALUES ON PERCEIVED RISK OF INTERFAITH MARRIAGE AMONG UNMARRIED URBAN STUDENTS IN JAKARTA" 530: 480: 159: 17: 3345:"9-10 June: Child Marriage, Sexual Moralities and the Politics of Decentralization in Indonesia - News - Research" 2170:
began investing in Indonesia during the 1970s, many Indonesian women became the "prime workforce" and a source of
4795: 3988: 3815: 2925: 1333: 1253: 1075: 870: 4205: 4113: 3920: 3852: 3696: 3651: 3615: 3367: 2523: 2207: 790: 626: 418:—then serving as Vice President—became the first female president of Indonesia after the removal of President 4950: 4358: 4345: 4190: 4091: 4047: 3746: 3721: 3706: 3103:
Religion can be divided into Muslim, Protestant, Catholic, Hindu, Buddhist, Hu Khong Chu, and Other Religion.
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that continue to practice this custom. The more commonly prevailing national culture is the marriage gold (
1909: 1768: 1003: 921: 896: 829: 3570: 2563: 2247:, a prominent businesswoman and the Maritime and Fisheries Minister in Joko Widodo's first administration. 5122: 4900: 4062: 3847: 3761: 3711: 2764: 2089:
Many pregnant women in Indonesia do not have the financial capability to pay for hospital deliveries and
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Indonesian women often run small business to support their family, such as traders in marketplace or as
4585: 4467: 4390: 4293: 4240: 4037: 3974: 3810: 3785: 3566:. Sociolegal Status of Women in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand. Asian Development Bank. 3291: 2613: 1793: 1383: 358: 3246: 5041: 5013: 4831: 4417: 4310: 4280: 4146: 4123: 3925: 3910: 3878: 3768: 3608: 2358: 2183: 2167: 1981: 1171: 501: 245: 3225: 2975: 4790: 4695: 4517: 4493: 4335: 4270: 4057: 4022: 1933: 1623: 1317: 646: 611: 366: 121: 2541: 2484: 4407: 4303: 4225: 4220: 3935: 3086: 2038: 459: 98: 3595: 3499:"Share of women employed in the nonagricultural sector (% of total non-agricultural employment)" 208:
In Indonesian society, women performed vital roles both within and outside the family. In rural
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Women in Indonesia: Gender, Equity and Development, Volume 8 dari Indonesia assessment series
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are increasingly in place in schools and government offices. Aceh province has implemented
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is a major problem. Traditionally, Indonesian society has viewed children as a source of
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Arnez, Monika. Gender, Islam and Sexuality in Contemporary Indonesia. Germany, Springer.
3268:"Behind the Notion of Siala: Marriage, Adat and Islam among the Bugis in South Sulawesi" 2252:
lines of work and some have excelled in their careers. These include economists such as
2037:, although historically a widespread practice in Minangkabau land, today only people of 4930: 4841: 4720: 4715: 4452: 4260: 4230: 4200: 4195: 4180: 4151: 4108: 3835: 3830: 2666: 2320: 2257: 2002: 1818: 1713: 1673: 1543: 1403: 1213: 1203: 1128: 1070: 1055: 906: 886: 863: 715: 695: 474: 260: 241: 3575:. Indonesia Assessment Series. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (2002). 284 pages. 2874:"Pacific.scoop.co.nz » Indonesia: West Papua — Violence against indigenous women" 4945: 4870: 4785: 4735: 4690: 4670: 4660: 4560: 4462: 4385: 3995: 3686: 2569: 2504: 2460: 2094: 1920: 1738: 1708: 1633: 1613: 1598: 1553: 1518: 1483: 1418: 1358: 1293: 1273: 1268: 1138: 1123: 1050: 1040: 1028: 938: 931: 911: 795: 710: 666: 596: 506: 419: 393: 389: 334: 209: 4995: 4916: 4760: 4675: 4655: 4540: 4530: 4457: 3930: 2496: 2326: 2293: 2244: 1962: 1937: 1823: 1808: 1798: 1778: 1748: 1683: 1658: 1583: 1563: 1558: 1503: 1423: 1388: 1373: 1338: 1323: 1303: 1248: 1233: 1223: 1208: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1133: 1110: 953: 948: 734: 705: 682: 545: 430: 362: 298: 294: 36: 2742: 2403: 5071: 4990: 4805: 4740: 4705: 4640: 4620: 4610: 4570: 4555: 4550: 3016: 2429: 2265: 2233: 2137: 1773: 1763: 1753: 1728: 1718: 1648: 1628: 1608: 1548: 1488: 1468: 1453: 1408: 1398: 1378: 1313: 1263: 1258: 1243: 1198: 1143: 958: 631: 374: 354: 346: 302: 252: 3392: 2500: 2109:, an American midwife, in 2003. Such 24-hour nativity havens, mostly located in 4985: 4965: 4846: 4765: 4725: 4700: 4680: 4615: 4590: 4580: 4565: 4353: 4175: 2637:"The Implementation of CEDAW Related to Women's Quota in Indonesian Parliament" 2455: 2353: 2297: 2269: 2066: 2058: 2006: 1886:
In many parts of Indonesia, regulations compelling women and girls to wear the
1828: 1743: 1723: 1703: 1678: 1643: 1603: 1578: 1568: 1508: 1478: 1463: 1433: 1428: 1413: 1393: 1343: 1288: 1283: 1238: 1160: 993: 943: 853: 802: 746: 370: 350: 310: 56: 42: 3539:"Indonesia, world's biggest Muslim country, puts more women into senior roles" 3188:"Social and Demographic Issues in Indonesia – Future Directions International" 2951: 5116: 5066: 5018: 4940: 4864: 4685: 4650: 4605: 4600: 4509: 3116: 3032: 2662:""I wanted to run away", Abusive dress code for women and Girls in Indonesia" 2289: 2213: 1966: 1833: 1618: 1593: 1528: 1498: 1448: 1443: 1368: 1308: 1278: 1153: 988: 858: 819: 807: 785: 767: 582: 314: 290: 2489:
The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry
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due to financial hardship. Some of the women who were forced into such work
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also based on the education and career of the groom. The custom is called
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Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
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of 2018). In certain communities of Indonesia, mass female circumcision (
1941: 1065: 1035: 812: 273: 268: 1997: 4167: 2900:"APSN | Papuan women still denied access to economy, education, health" 2838:"ジャボデタベク電気鉄道センター: Operasi Perdana Rangkaian Khusus Wanita - 女性専用編成最初運転" 2175: 2098: 2090: 1148: 1090: 1085: 434: 326: 264: 229: 2430:"Career Women in Indonesia: Obstacles Faced, and Prospects for Change" 189: 3631: 3600: 3131:""Uang Panai", Tanda Penghargaan untuk Meminang Gadis Bugis-Makassar" 2220:, an influential Indonesian economist, currently Minister of Finance. 2195: 2171: 2106: 330: 322: 225: 197: 150: 248:, women still hold important positions, especially within families. 4885: 3027: 3025: 2636: 2240: 2203: 2191: 550: 163: 2561: 2146:
pursue economic activities beyond the household. For example, the
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cases in Indonesia go unreported, with victims fear being blamed.
3951: 3368:"CNN Heroes: 'Mother Robin' delivers for poor women in Indonesia" 2331: 2122: 2082: 1105: 1060: 397: 357:
that ruled the region. Indonesia has recognised several historic
217: 201: 4478: 3022: 3477:"Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education (%)" 3010:
Male and Female Genital Cutting among Yagyakartans and Madurans
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A women-only car at the front of a KRL Jabotabek commuter train
1891: 621: 342: 3149:"Uang Japuik, Tradisi Unik 'Beli' Laki-laki dari Ranah Minang" 2743:"Over 90 percent rape cases go unreported in Indonesia - poll" 2717:"Ban on outdoor music concerts in West Aceh due to Sharia law" 425:
On 5 May 2015, following a Royal Decree issued by the Sultan,
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with leaders of the Indonesian Women's Congress in June 1950.
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are known as one of the few traditional societies that apply
3498: 3476: 1897: 2432:. Australian Consortium for 'In-Country' Indonesian Studies 2179: 2114: 2110: 1903: 278: 3411:"Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak" 3371: 2819:"Indonesia Railway Company Launches Women-Only Carriages" 2783:"Human Trafficking In Indonesia: The Difficult Road Home" 3093:. Jakarta, Indonesia: Badan Pusat Statistik. 15 May 2010 2020:
is practiced by certain ethnic groups. For example, the
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was explored in a report published in 2011 by activists
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that fought against Dutch colonialism; among others are
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Population Council and USAID, September 2003; pp. 24–27
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In a traditional market, women commonly run businesses.
2280:, Indonesia had 26% female representation among state 518:
Gender representation on corporate boards of directors
2856:"What Real Women Think Of Women-Only Train Carriages" 404:
of Bandung, who both established a school for girls.
3182: 3180: 3042:. United States Agency for International Development 2995:
The day I saw 248 girls suffering genital mutilation
2557: 2555: 3562:Poverty Reduction and Social Development Division. 2926:"Masyarakat Adat Papua di Tengah Agenda Neoliberal" 392:movement was started in late 19th century colonial 3579:2 men, 2 women caned in Indonesia for sex offenses 3572:Women in Indonesia: Gender, Equity and Development 3177: 2552: 2482: 5114: 3521:"5 Tokoh Perempuan Indonesia Yang Menginspirasi" 3087:"Penduduk Menurut Wilayah dan Agama yang Dianut" 2741:Beh Lih Yi (25 July 2016). Whiting, Alex (ed.). 741:Science, technology, engineering and mathematics 3455:"Women are integral part of Indonesian success" 3319:"Child marriage a serious problem in Indonesia" 2521: 2016:is rarely practiced in Indonesian culture, yet 2005:are one of the few ethnic groups that practice 3284: 2801:"Facebook used to kidnap girls for sex slaves" 2588: 2515: 2057:As with many other developing countries, high 4901: 4494: 3616: 3089:[Population by Region and Religion]. 2611: 2591:"Sultan names eldest daughter Crown Princess" 2562:Kathryn May Robinson; Sharon Bessell (2002). 1956: 1855: 3128: 1976: 1928:Since 2010, the Indonesian Railway Company ( 349:of Jepara was also a notable female leader. 3569:Robinson, Kathryn May and Bessell, Sharon. 3448: 3446: 2456:"Redefining the role of women in Indonesia" 2226:countries which have had a female president 1992: 4908: 4894: 4501: 4487: 3623: 3609: 3564:Poverty and Social Development Paper No. 1 2923: 2740: 1862: 1848: 345:. Following the arrival of Islam in Java, 35: 2714: 2276:. During the administration of President 1961:Forty years of violence against women in 1898:Sexual crime, harassment, and trafficking 3452: 3443: 3431:. Coalition Against Trafficking in Women 2835: 2765:"Indonesia's child prostitution problem" 2568:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 2316:Indonesia women's national football team 2312:, Indonesian women's football Tournament 2239: 2212: 2154: 2136: 2076: 1996: 1919: 379: 188: 173: 3365: 3313: 3311: 2989: 2987: 2924:Pergerakan, Suluh (29 September 2020). 2688: 2454:Ahmad, Abdul Razak (29 December 1998). 1915: 1881: 410:was never an issue in Indonesia. Since 14: 5115: 3630: 3596:Indonesia Women's Studies Bibliography 3453:Bachelet, Michelle (4 December 2012). 3167:"Mahar dengan Seperangkat Alat Sholat" 3079: 2485:"Balinese Women in a Changing Society" 2449: 2447: 2427: 4889: 4482: 3604: 3292:"POVERTY AND INEQUALITY IN INDONESIA" 2993:Haworth, Abigail (November 17, 2012) 2689:Iaccino, Ludovica (31 October 2016). 2634: 2524:"World's largest matrilineal society" 2522:Rathina Sankari (22 September 2016). 2453: 2072: 384:Kartini school in early 20th century. 4915: 3308: 2984: 2836:Yulianto, Charles (1 October 2012). 2379:"Human Development Report 2021/2022" 1014:Gender representation in video games 282:(tradition) of Minangkabau society. 212:society, certain positions, such as 3054: 3019:, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia 2444: 24: 3682:French and British era (1806–1816) 3553: 3033:"Female Circumcision in Indonesia" 2952:"Female Circumcision in Indonesia" 2876:. 16 December 2021. Archived from 2300:'s deputy governor, Rosmaya Hadi. 2292:, Maritime and Fisheries Minister 329:(c. 13th century), also queens of 25: 5139: 4508: 3589: 3366:Ruffins, Ebonne (10 March 2011). 3155:(in Indonesian). 19 January 2022. 2974:Corbett, Sara (January 20, 2008) 2715:Topsfield, Jewel (7 April 2016). 2635:Zahra, Tri Inaya (28 June 2013). 2121:the regime of the late President 1878:in 1980 and ratified it in 1984. 440: 4869: 4860: 4859: 3117:Female Circumcision in Indonesia 2260:, Olympic gold medalist such as 2105:) health clinics established by 531:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 458: 3702:Liberal democracy era (1950–59) 3531: 3513: 3491: 3469: 3421: 3413:(in Indonesian). Archived from 3403: 3385: 3359: 3337: 3260: 3239: 3218: 3194: 3159: 3141: 3122: 3110: 3008:Darwin, Muhadjir et al. (2004) 3002: 2968: 2944: 2917: 2904:www.asia-pacific-solidarity.net 2892: 2866: 2848: 2829: 2811: 2793: 2775: 2757: 2734: 2708: 2682: 2654: 2628: 2605: 2404:"Global Gender Gap Report 2022" 4936:Federated States of Micronesia 4827:British Indian Ocean Territory 3970:People's Consultative Assembly 3202:"Post-2015 Development Agenda" 3173:(in Indonesian). 26 July 2011. 3129:Hendra Cipto (13 March 2017). 2612:John Monfries (12 June 2015). 2582: 2534: 2476: 2421: 2396: 2371: 13: 1: 3712:Transitional period (1965–66) 3697:National Revolution (1945–49) 3692:Japanese occupation (1942–45) 3687:Dutch East Indies (1800–1942) 2589:Slamet Susanto (6 May 2015). 2364: 2208:sexually transmitted diseases 2132: 2745:. Thomson Reuters Foundation 2695:International Business Times 2162:, 5th President of Indonesia 1910:Sex trafficking in Indonesia 982:Portrayal in American comics 573:Heads of state or government 7: 5128:Women's rights in Indonesia 4078:Water supply and sanitation 3062:"Female genital mutilation" 2501:10.1521/jaap.32.1.213.28335 2384:. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORTS 2323:, a weekly women's magazine 2303: 2284:, the highest among the 10 339:Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi 10: 5144: 3707:Guided Democracy (1959–65) 3672:Portuguese era (1512–1605) 2483:Luh Ketut Suryani (2004). 1957:Violence in Papua province 412:its first election in 1955 169: 5027: 5004: 4923: 4855: 4814: 4774: 4516: 4430: 4344: 4279: 4137: 4099: 4090: 4018: 4009: 3874: 3865: 3821:Provincial highest points 3742: 3733: 3642: 2721:The Sydney Morning Herald 2359:Human rights in Indonesia 2166:After a surge of foreign 2001:Minangkabau wedding, the 1982:Female genital mutilation 1977:Female genital mutilation 1942:Jakarta metropolitan area 135: 127: 120: 112: 104: 97: 89: 78: 68: 55: 50: 34: 5087:Northern Mariana Islands 4576:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 3879:Administrative divisions 1993:Marriage and family life 367:Martha Christina Tiahahu 333:(c. 13th-15th century); 183:Kongres Wanita Indonesia 5052:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 4837:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 2842:charleskkb.blogspot.com 2542:"Perempuan Minangkabau" 2286:most populous countries 2268:, to activists such as 2224:Indonesia is among the 2168:multinational investors 2052:seperangkat alat sholat 1930:PT Kereta Api Indonesia 568:Conservatives in the US 541:Explorers and travelers 122:Global Gender Gap Index 99:Gender Inequality Index 4053:Science and technology 3894:Regencies & Cities 2428:Ingham, Xylia (2005). 2409:. World Economic Forum 2248: 2221: 2163: 2142: 2086: 2010: 1925: 871:In Shakespeare's works 385: 353:also recorded several 205: 186: 162:that focus and act on 5030:and other territories 3662:Hinduism-Buddhism era 3347:. Universiteit Leiden 2464:. Third World Network 2349:Feminism in Indonesia 2254:Sri Mulyani Indrawati 2243: 2230:Megawati Sukarnoputri 2218:Sri Mulyani Indrawati 2216: 2186:to countries such as 2160:Megawati Sukarnoputri 2158: 2140: 2080: 2000: 1923: 1874:Indonesia signed the 627:Nobel Prize laureates 416:Megawati Sukarnoputri 383: 194:Tribhuwanottunggadewi 192: 177: 90:Women in labour force 4751:United Arab Emirates 3796:Environmental issues 3417:on 2 September 2013. 3091:Sensus Penduduk 2010 2593:. theJakartapost.com 1947:Kereta Khusus Wanita 1934:women-only carriages 1916:Women-only transport 1882:Obstacles and sharia 1784:United Arab Emirates 721:in the United States 536:Economic development 526:Diversity (politics) 512:Female entrepreneurs 390:women's emancipation 4778:limited recognition 3717:New Order (1966–98) 3677:VOC era (1603–1800) 2976:A Cutting Tradition 2880:on 16 December 2021 2823:thejakartaglobe.com 2614:"The Sultan's Coup" 1769:Trinidad and Tobago 1004:Speculative fiction 897:Theological figures 842:Feminist philosophy 642:Reproductive rights 448:Part of a series on 431:heiress presumptive 427:Princess Mangkubumi 321:(c. 10th century), 313:(c. 10th century), 307:Isyana Tunggawijaya 179:Maria Ulfah Santoso 81:secondary education 79:Women over 25 with 70:Women in parliament 60: (per 100,000) 31: 5123:Women in Indonesia 4063:Telecommunications 3774:Biosphere reserves 3015:2014-08-12 at the 2807:. 29 October 2012. 2771:. 9 February 2020. 2667:Human Rights Watch 2548:. 23 January 2016. 2258:Mari Elka Pangestu 2249: 2222: 2184:opted to go abroad 2164: 2143: 2103:Yayasan Bumi Sehat 2087: 2073:Health and welfare 2011: 1926: 1334:Dominican Republic 1101:Mixed martial arts 1071:Fastpitch softball 652:Violence and abuse 637:Positions of power 386: 305:(c. 9th century), 297:(c. 7th century), 287:Indonesian history 261:Minangkabau people 222:traditional healer 206: 187: 156:Indonesian culture 147:women in Indonesia 57:Maternal mortality 51:General Statistics 30:Women in Indonesia 29: 5110: 5109: 5102:Wallis and Futuna 5047:Clipperton Island 5005:Associated states 4917:Women in Oceania 4883: 4882: 4820:other territories 4476: 4475: 4426: 4425: 4114:Human trafficking 4086: 4085: 4005: 4004: 3996:Wawasan Nusantara 3980:Political parties 3921:Foreign relations 3861: 3860: 3543:The Straits Times 3190:. 27 August 2015. 2862:. 24 August 2017. 2860:marieclaire.co.uk 2805:Standard-Examiner 2461:New Straits Times 2095:Caesarean section 1902:More than 90% of 1872: 1871: 1076:Football / soccer 999:Fictional pirates 791:Art history field 667:Exchange of women 433:to the throne of 420:Abdurrahman Wahid 394:Dutch East Indies 359:national heroines 351:Sultanate of Aceh 335:Gayatri Rajapatni 224:, ritualist, and 143: 142: 16:(Redirected from 5135: 5092:Pitcairn Islands 5062:French Polynesia 5042:Christmas Island 4971:Papua New Guinea 4951:Marshall Islands 4924:Sovereign states 4910: 4903: 4896: 4887: 4886: 4873: 4863: 4862: 4832:Christmas Island 4518:Sovereign states 4503: 4496: 4489: 4480: 4479: 4446: 4439: 4097: 4096: 4016: 4015: 3958:National capital 3872: 3871: 3740: 3739: 3625: 3618: 3611: 3602: 3601: 3583:The Jakarta Post 3547: 3546: 3535: 3529: 3528: 3517: 3511: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3501:. The World Bank 3495: 3489: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3479:. The World Bank 3473: 3467: 3466: 3464: 3462: 3450: 3441: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3425: 3419: 3418: 3407: 3401: 3400: 3389: 3383: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3363: 3357: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3341: 3335: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3323:The Jakarta Post 3315: 3306: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3296: 3288: 3282: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3272: 3264: 3258: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3243: 3237: 3236: 3230: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3206: 3198: 3192: 3191: 3184: 3175: 3174: 3163: 3157: 3156: 3145: 3139: 3138: 3137:(in Indonesian). 3126: 3120: 3114: 3108: 3105: 3100: 3098: 3083: 3077: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3058: 3052: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3037: 3029: 3020: 3006: 3000: 2991: 2982: 2972: 2966: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2956: 2948: 2942: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2930:Suluh Pergerakan 2921: 2915: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2896: 2890: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2870: 2864: 2863: 2852: 2846: 2845: 2833: 2827: 2826: 2815: 2809: 2808: 2797: 2791: 2790: 2779: 2773: 2772: 2761: 2755: 2754: 2752: 2750: 2738: 2732: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2712: 2706: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2686: 2680: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2658: 2652: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2632: 2626: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2609: 2603: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2586: 2580: 2579: 2559: 2550: 2549: 2538: 2532: 2531: 2519: 2513: 2512: 2480: 2474: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2451: 2442: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2425: 2419: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2408: 2400: 2394: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2383: 2375: 2327:Wanita Indonesia 2294:Susi Pudjiastuti 2245:Susi Pudjiastuti 1864: 1857: 1850: 1534:Marshall Islands 1111:Paralympic Games 742: 519: 484: 462: 453:Women in society 445: 444: 408:Women's suffrage 363:Nyi Ageng Serang 299:Pramodhawardhani 295:Kalingga Kingdom 116:110th out of 191 61: 39: 32: 28: 21: 18:Indonesian women 5143: 5142: 5138: 5137: 5136: 5134: 5133: 5132: 5113: 5112: 5111: 5106: 5029: 5023: 5006: 5000: 4981:Solomon Islands 4919: 4914: 4884: 4879: 4851: 4819: 4810: 4791:Northern Cyprus 4777: 4770: 4512: 4507: 4477: 4472: 4449: 4442: 4435: 4422: 4413:Personification 4340: 4275: 4256:Public holidays 4241:National heroes 4133: 4082: 4001: 3857: 3826:Natural history 3729: 3667:Spread of Islam 3638: 3629: 3592: 3556: 3554:Further reading 3551: 3550: 3545:. 25 July 2017. 3537: 3536: 3532: 3527:. 3 March 2022. 3525:Woman Indonesia 3519: 3518: 3514: 3504: 3502: 3497: 3496: 3492: 3482: 3480: 3475: 3474: 3470: 3460: 3458: 3451: 3444: 3434: 3432: 3427: 3426: 3422: 3409: 3408: 3404: 3391: 3390: 3386: 3376: 3374: 3364: 3360: 3350: 3348: 3343: 3342: 3338: 3328: 3326: 3317: 3316: 3309: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3290: 3289: 3285: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3266: 3265: 3261: 3251: 3249: 3245: 3244: 3240: 3228: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3200: 3199: 3195: 3186: 3185: 3178: 3165: 3164: 3160: 3147: 3146: 3142: 3127: 3123: 3115: 3111: 3096: 3094: 3085: 3084: 3080: 3070: 3068: 3060: 3059: 3055: 3045: 3043: 3035: 3031: 3030: 3023: 3017:Wayback Machine 3007: 3003: 2992: 2985: 2973: 2969: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2950: 2949: 2945: 2935: 2933: 2932:(in Indonesian) 2922: 2918: 2908: 2906: 2898: 2897: 2893: 2883: 2881: 2872: 2871: 2867: 2854: 2853: 2849: 2834: 2830: 2817: 2816: 2812: 2799: 2798: 2794: 2789:. 16 June 2017. 2787:Nexus Institute 2781: 2780: 2776: 2763: 2762: 2758: 2748: 2746: 2739: 2735: 2725: 2723: 2713: 2709: 2699: 2697: 2687: 2683: 2673: 2671: 2670:. 18 March 2021 2660: 2659: 2655: 2645: 2643: 2633: 2629: 2619: 2617: 2610: 2606: 2596: 2594: 2587: 2583: 2576: 2560: 2553: 2540: 2539: 2535: 2520: 2516: 2481: 2477: 2467: 2465: 2452: 2445: 2435: 2433: 2426: 2422: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2401: 2397: 2387: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2376: 2372: 2367: 2306: 2266:Liliyana Natsir 2234:Tri Rismaharini 2172:cheap labourers 2135: 2075: 2024:bride price in 1995: 1987:khitanan massal 1979: 1959: 1938:commuter trains 1918: 1900: 1884: 1868: 1839: 1838: 1174: 1164: 1163: 1156: 1144:Track and field 1031: 1021: 1020: 972: 971:Popular culture 964: 963: 892: 891: 876: 875: 830:Science fiction 776: 775: 757: 756: 740: 691: 690: 672: 671: 647:Venture capital 612:Law enforcement 517: 502:Animal advocacy 498: 478: 475:Women's history 470: 443: 375:Cut Nyak Meutia 347:Ratu Kalinyamat 303:Mataram Kingdom 200:, portrayed as 172: 139:92nd out of 146 59: 46: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5141: 5131: 5130: 5125: 5108: 5107: 5105: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5082:Norfolk Island 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5037:American Samoa 5033: 5031: 5025: 5024: 5022: 5021: 5016: 5010: 5008: 5007:of New Zealand 5002: 5001: 4999: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4927: 4925: 4921: 4920: 4913: 4912: 4905: 4898: 4890: 4881: 4880: 4878: 4877: 4867: 4856: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4823: 4821: 4812: 4811: 4809: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4782: 4780: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4522: 4520: 4514: 4513: 4510:Women in Asia 4506: 4505: 4498: 4491: 4483: 4474: 4473: 4471: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4448: 4447: 4440: 4432: 4431: 4428: 4427: 4424: 4423: 4421: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4398:Floral emblems 4395: 4394: 4393: 4383: 4381:Faunal emblems 4378: 4377: 4376: 4371: 4361: 4356: 4350: 4348: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4307: 4306: 4296: 4291: 4285: 4283: 4277: 4276: 4274: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4172: 4171: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4143: 4141: 4135: 4134: 4132: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4100: 4094: 4088: 4087: 4084: 4083: 4081: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4058:Stock Exchange 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4019: 4013: 4007: 4006: 4003: 4002: 4000: 3999: 3992: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3960: 3955: 3945: 3944: 3943: 3938: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3902: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3875: 3869: 3863: 3862: 3859: 3858: 3856: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3839: 3838: 3833: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3782: 3781: 3779:National parks 3776: 3766: 3765: 3764: 3762:Climate change 3754: 3749: 3743: 3737: 3731: 3730: 3728: 3727: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3648: 3646: 3640: 3639: 3628: 3627: 3620: 3613: 3605: 3599: 3598: 3591: 3590:External links 3588: 3587: 3586: 3576: 3567: 3560: 3555: 3552: 3549: 3548: 3530: 3512: 3490: 3468: 3442: 3420: 3402: 3384: 3358: 3336: 3325:. 20 July 2016 3307: 3283: 3259: 3238: 3217: 3193: 3176: 3158: 3140: 3121: 3109: 3078: 3053: 3021: 3001: 2983: 2980:New York Times 2967: 2943: 2916: 2891: 2865: 2847: 2828: 2810: 2792: 2774: 2769:The ASEAN Post 2756: 2733: 2707: 2681: 2653: 2627: 2604: 2581: 2574: 2551: 2533: 2514: 2495:(1): 213–230. 2475: 2443: 2420: 2395: 2369: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2362: 2361: 2356: 2354:Women in Islam 2351: 2340: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2318: 2313: 2305: 2302: 2298:Bank Indonesia 2270:Butet Manurung 2134: 2131: 2074: 2071: 2067:Child marriage 2059:fertility rate 2007:matrilineality 1994: 1991: 1978: 1975: 1963:Papua province 1958: 1955: 1917: 1914: 1899: 1896: 1883: 1880: 1870: 1869: 1867: 1866: 1859: 1852: 1844: 1841: 1840: 1837: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1789:United Kingdom 1786: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1175: 1170: 1169: 1166: 1165: 1161:List of sports 1158: 1157: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1032: 1027: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1017: 1016: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 985: 984: 973: 970: 969: 966: 965: 962: 961: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 935: 934: 929: 924: 914: 909: 904: 899: 893: 890: 889: 883: 882: 881: 878: 877: 874: 873: 868: 867: 866: 861: 851: 846: 845: 844: 834: 833: 832: 822: 817: 816: 815: 813:"Chick flicks" 805: 800: 799: 798: 796:Women's cinema 788: 783: 777: 774: 773: 770: 764: 763: 762: 759: 758: 755: 754: 749: 744: 737: 732: 727: 726: 725: 724: 723: 708: 703: 698: 692: 689: 688: 685: 679: 678: 677: 674: 673: 670: 669: 664: 659: 654: 649: 644: 639: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 604: 599: 594: 593: 592: 591: 590: 580: 575: 570: 560: 559: 558: 548: 543: 538: 533: 528: 523: 522: 521: 514: 504: 497: 496: 490: 489: 486: 485: 471: 468: 467: 464: 463: 455: 454: 450: 449: 442: 441:Women's rights 439: 400:of Jepara and 371:Cut Nyak Dhien 311:Isyana dynasty 274:Bundo Kanduang 171: 168: 166:and concerns. 164:women's issues 141: 140: 137: 133: 132: 129: 125: 124: 118: 117: 114: 110: 109: 106: 102: 101: 95: 94: 91: 87: 86: 83: 76: 75: 72: 66: 65: 62: 53: 52: 48: 47: 43:street vendors 40: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5140: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5077:New Caledonia 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5057:Easter Island 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5034: 5032: 5026: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5011: 5009: 5003: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4928: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4911: 4906: 4904: 4899: 4897: 4892: 4891: 4888: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4866: 4858: 4857: 4854: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4824: 4822: 4817: 4813: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4801:South Ossetia 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4773: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4504: 4499: 4497: 4492: 4490: 4485: 4484: 4481: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4450: 4445: 4441: 4438: 4434: 4433: 4429: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4392: 4389: 4388: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4366: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4351: 4349: 4347: 4343: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4305: 4302: 4301: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4294:Ethnic groups 4292: 4290: 4287: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4278: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4170: 4169: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4149: 4148: 4145: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4136: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4101: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4089: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4020: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4008: 3998: 3997: 3993: 3990: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3965: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3953: 3949: 3946: 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Index

Indonesian women

street vendors
Maternal mortality
Women in parliament
secondary education
Gender Inequality Index
Global Gender Gap Index
Indonesian
Indonesian culture
organisations
women's issues

Maria Ulfah Santoso
Kongres Wanita Indonesia

Tribhuwanottunggadewi
Majapahit
Parvati
native
midwife
traditional healer
shaman
patriarchal
Hinduism
Buddhism
Islam
Christianity
Balinese
Minangkabau people

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