Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation

6060:

action, and 9 wounded. New Zealand casualties were 7 killed and another 7 wounded or injured. The remaining casualties were that of the Malaysian military, police, and Border Scouts. A significant number of British casualties occurred during helicopter accidents, including a Belvedere crash that killed several SAS commanders and a Foreign Office official, possibly a member of MI6. A Wessex collision also killed several men from 2nd Parachute Battalion, and a Westland Scout crash, on 16 July 1964, near Kluang airfield, killed the two crewmen from 656 Sqn AAC. Finally, in August 1966, there remained two British and two Australian soldiers missing and presumed dead, with the Australians (both from the SASR) probably drowned while crossing a swollen river. The remains of a Royal Marine were recovered some 20 years later. Altogether, 36 civilians were killed, 53 wounded and 4 captured, with most being local inhabitants.

5454: 4443:

facilities in Singapore to refuel and support CAT missions launched in Bangkok, Taiwan, or the Philippines. With the influx of Soviet arms aid, Indonesia was able to advance its claim to Dutch New Guinea more forcefully. The diplomatic dispute reached its climax in 1962 when Indonesia launched a substantial campaign of airborne and seaborne infiltrations into Dutch New Guinea. While the infiltration forces were soundly defeated by Dutch and Papuan forces, Indonesia was able to lend credence to the threat of an Indonesian invasion of Dutch New Guinea. The Dutch, facing mounting diplomatic pressure from the Indonesians, and also the Americans, who were anxious to keep Indonesia from becoming Communist aligned, yielded and agreed to a diplomatic compromise, allowing the Indonesians to gain control of the territory in exchange for pledging to hold a self-determination plebiscite (the

6152: 5327: 6036: 5276: 5102: 4994: 485: 466: 6176: 4690: 5734: 1080: 4973:, KKO) as enthusiastic idealists acting independently. They also produced Azahari, who claimed that Indonesian forces were playing no part in active operations. Sukarno next launched a peace offensive and, in late January, declared he was ready for a ceasefire (despite having denied direct Indonesia involvement). Talks started in Bangkok, but border violations continued, and the talks soon failed. They resumed mid-year in Tokyo and failed within days but allowed time for a Thai mission to visit Sarawak and witness smart, well-equipped Indonesian soldiers withdrawing across the border, which they had crossed a short distance away earlier in the day. 5388: 6116: 5191:, was keen to ease tension and, to some extent, differed from his predecessor by not pursuing the North Sabah claim as fervently. In doing so, the new government held ideas on recognizing the Federation. On February 5, it was announced that the Philippines would inform Indonesia a day in advance of its normalization of relations with Kuala Lumpur. Now truly isolated, Sukarno's reaction was one of fervent disapproval; he denounced Marcos's actions in his speech, much to the surprise of Manila. Sukarno's speech triggered a renewed wave of pledges of support for confrontation, with youth and religious organizations denouncing Marcos's plan. 6211: 289: 10461: 747: 735: 723: 711: 278: 4682:

League. The latter was led by Wu Chan, who was deported by the Sarawak colonial government to China in 1952. Other Communist groups in Sarawak included the Overseas Chinese Youth Association, which was formed in 1946, and the Liberation League along with its youth wing, the Advanced Youth Association, which emerged during the 1950s. These organisations became the nuclei for two Communist guerrilla movements: the anti-Malaysia North Kalimantan People's Army (PARAKU) and the Sarawak People's Guerrillas (PGRS). These various Communist groups were designated by various British and other Western sources as the

10455: 4839: 56: 267: 5258:

entered Sarawak in February and May and obtained support from local sympathisers. The first group, despite losses in several contacts, lasted until June and exfiltrated on hearing about the end of Konfrontasi. Survivors of the second, after contact with Australian troops, also made it back to Indonesia. However, the final Indonesian incursion was in May and June. Signs of a substantial force were found crossing into Central Brigade. This was some 80 strong, mostly volunteers, led by Lt Sombi (or Sumbi) and a team from 600 Raider Company. They moved fast towards Brunei with

5557: 5445:

unknown number of regular troops and local defence irregulars. They were deployed the entire length of the border in eight operational units, mostly facing the 1st and 2nd Divisions. The units had names such as "Thunderbolts", "Night Ghosts" and "World Sweepers". However, as the conflict developed, the poorly trained and equipped 'volunteers' had been replaced by regular units. Indonesian forces deployed along the border in Kalimantan increased significantly towards the end of 1964, with estimates of between 15,000 and 30,000 men, up from around 2,500 men in mid-1964.

771: 759: 301: 5891: 4569:. Sarawak had a population of about 900,000, Sabah's was 600,000 and Brunei's was around 80,000. Among Sarawak's non-Dayak population, 31% were Chinese, and 19% were Malay. Among non-Dayaks in Sabah, 21% were Chinese, and 7% were Malay; Brunei's non-Dayak population was 28% Chinese and 54% Malay. There was a large Indonesian population in Tawau in southern Sabah and a large and economically active Chinese one in Sarawak. Despite their population size, Dayaks were spread through the country in village longhouses and were not politically organised. 839: 220: 3351: 5634: 6192: 4558: 447: 428: 409: 390: 11677: 11187: 5613:

remainder in a fire support group. Battle drills for "contact front" (or rear), or "ambush left" (or right) were highly developed. Poor maps meant navigation was important; however, the local knowledge of the Border Scouts in Borneo compensated for the poor maps. So tracks were sometimes used unless ambush was considered possible, or there was the possibility of mines. Crossing obstacles such as rivers was also handled as a battle drill. At night, a platoon harboured in a tight position with all-round defence.

5856:

971 miles, they could not be everywhere, and, at this time, 22 SAS had only three squadrons. Also present were the Special Boat Service (SBS) of the Royal Marine Commandos. They had two sections based in Singapore. Tactical HQ of 22 SAS deployed to Kuching in 1964 to take control of all SAS and SBS operations. The shortage of SAS and SBS personnel was exacerbated by the need for them in South Arabia, in many ways, a far more demanding task in challenging conditions against a cunning and aggressive opponent.

823: 583: 571: 559: 547: 535: 169: 5242: 5630:(6.2 mi)), the limited availability of helicopters and the size of the country meant that having artillery in the right place at the right time was a challenge. However, a battery from one of the two regiments stationed in Malaysia returned to Borneo in early to mid-1964. These batteries rotated until the end of the confrontation. In early 1965, a complete UK-based regiment arrived. The short-range and substantial weight of the 3-inch mortars meant they were of minimal use. 5087:

to change once again in December 1964 when Commonwealth intelligence began reporting a build-up of Indonesian infiltration forces in Kalimantan opposite Kuching, which suggested the possibility of an escalation in hostilities. Two additional British battalions were subsequently deployed to Borneo. Meanwhile, due to the landings in Malaysia and Indonesia's continued troop build-up, Australia and New Zealand also agreed to begin deploying combat forces to Borneo in early 1965.

850: 233: 613: 5162: 4341: 11725: 861: 699: 687: 674: 661: 649: 637: 625: 601: 509: 497: 250: 195: 3106: 5132:. During the early phases of the conflict, British Commonwealth and Malaysian troops had attempted only to control the border and to protect population centres from Indonesian attacks. However, by 1965 they had decided to take more aggressive action, crossing the border to obtain information and in "hot pursuit" of withdrawing Indonesian infiltrators. First approved in May 1965, later they were expanded to include cross-border ambushing in July. 478: 459: 440: 421: 402: 383: 371: 359: 347: 335: 323: 182: 11207: 11197: 522: 207: 4580:

Sabah. There were no roads in the Fourth and Fifth Divisions or the Interior Residency, and in Third Division, there was only the coast road, which was some 150 miles from the border. Mapping was generally poor, as British maps of the country only showed tiny topographic detail. Indonesian maps were worse; veterans recall "a single black and white sheet for all of Kalimantan torn from a school textbook" in 1964.

4610:, and most of northern Borneo receives over 3,000 mm (120 in) of rain each year. Borneo is naturally covered by tropical rainforests. This covers the mountainous areas cut by many rivers with very steep-sided hills and hilltop ridges often only a few metres wide. The high rainfall means large rivers; these provide a principal means of transport and are formidable tactical obstacles. Dense 5793:, the BBC correspondent who was in Singapore at the time, journalists were open to manipulation by IRD due to Sukarno's stubborn refusal to allow them into the country: "In a curious way, by keeping correspondents out of the country Sukarno made them the victims of official channels, because almost the only information you could get was from the British ambassador in Jakarta." 5877:

greatly outweighing the marginal military effect that they might have produced". The UK Secretary of State for Defence at the time, Denis Healey, described the campaign as "one of the most efficient uses of military forces in the history of the world". British Commonwealth forces peaked at 17,000 deployed in Borneo, with another 10,000 more available in Malaya and Singapore.

4757:

PGRS—Pasukan Gelilya Rakyat Sarawak (Sarawak People's Guerrilla Force) by Indonesia. Soebandrio met with a group of their potential leaders in Bogor, and Nasution sent three trainers from Resimen Para Komando Angkatan Darat (RPKAD) Battalion 2 to Nangabadan near the Sarawak border, where there were about 300 trainees. Some three months later, two lieutenants were sent there.

5860:

the SBS were also used, but mostly for amphibious tasks. Finally, the Parachute Regiment battalions formed patrol companies (C in the 2nd and D in the 3rd). The situation eased in 1965 when the Australian and New Zealand governments agreed that their forces could be used in Borneo, enabling both Australian and New Zealand SAS squadrons to rotate through Borneo.

5638: 4800:. Following Indonesia's diplomatic victory in the West New Guinea dispute, Sukarno may have been emboldened to extend Indonesia's dominance over its weaker neighbours. Conversely, Sukarno may have felt compelled by the ongoing pressure of the PKI and the general instability of Indonesian politics to divert attention towards a new foreign conflict. 5635: 5549:

staffed mainly by SAS. Border Scouts were attached to infantry battalions and evolved into an intelligence-gathering force by using their local knowledge and extended families. In addition, the Police Special Branch, which had proved so effective during the Malayan Emergency in recruiting sources in the communist organisation, was expanded.

4447:) in the territory by 1969. Thus by the close of 1962, Indonesia had achieved a considerable diplomatic victory, which possibly emboldened its self-perception as a notable regional power. It was in the context of this recent diplomatic victory that Indonesia cast its attention to the British proposal for a unified Malaysian state. 4804:

involving the formation of the Federation of Malaysia that would comprise the Malay Peninsula and British Borneo. Sukarno accused Malaysia of being a British puppet state aimed at establishing neo-imperialism and neo-colonialism in Southeast Asia, and also at containing Indonesian ambition to be the regional hegemonic power.

4502:, the Indonesian foreign minister and head of intelligence, hinted at supplying more substantial aid. Azahari was a leftist who had fought in Indonesia in their war for independence. Following these meetings, Indonesia began training a small volunteer force called the North Kalimantan National Army (TNKU) in Kalimantan. 5637: 5804:, that it "went all over the world and back again", and was "put almost instantly back into Indonesia via the BBC". Gilchrist himself informed the Foreign Office on 5 October 1965: "I have never concealed from you my belief that a little shooting in Indonesia would be an essential preliminary to effective change." 6151: 5855:

One squadron of the British Army's 22 Special Air Service regiment was deployed to Borneo in early 1963 in the aftermath of the Brunei Revolt to gather information in the border area about Indonesian infiltration. There was a British Army presence until the end of the campaign. Faced with a border of

5654:

Artillery had to adopt new tactics. Almost all guns were deployed in single gun sections within a company or platoon base. The sections were commanded by one of the battery's junior officers, warrant officers or sergeants. Sections had about ten men and did their own technical fire control. They were

5608:

remained available. The innovation in the new organisation was the formation of the battalion reconnaissance platoon, in many battalions a platoon of "chosen men". In Borneo, mortars were usually distributed to rifle companies, and some battalions operated the rest of their support company as another

5444:

In the early stages of the conflict, Indonesian forces were under the command of Lieutenant General Zulkipli in Pontianak, on the coast of West Kalimantan about 200 km (120 mi) from the border. The Indonesian irregulars, led by Indonesian officers, were thought to number about 1500, with an

5341:

British forces in Borneo included Headquarters (HQ) 3 Commando Brigade in Kuching with responsibility for the western part of Sarawak, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Divisions, and HQ 99 Gurkha Infantry Brigade in Brunei responsible for the East, 4th and 5th Divisions, Brunei and Sabah. These HQs had deployed from

5148:

size were then directed into position to ambush the Indonesians, either as they crossed the border or often while they were still in Kalimantan. Such operations were to be "deniable" and were conducted under a policy of "aggressive defence". Given the sensitivity of these operations and the potential

4954:

deployed patrols and ambushes, and after a month, 15 had been killed and three captured. The Gurkhas reported that they were well trained and professionally led, but their ammunition expenditure was high, and their fire discipline broke down. The prisoners reported 300 more invaders within a week and

6059:

Total British Commonwealth military casualties were 280 killed and 180 wounded, the greatest number of them were British. Gurkha losses were 43 killed and 83 wounded, losses among other British armed forces were 19 killed and 44 wounded. Australian casualties were 16 killed, of whom 7 were killed in

5859:

The solution was to create new units for Borneo. The first to be employed in Borneo were the Pathfinder Platoon of the Guards Independent Parachute Company, which already existed as the pathfinder force of 16th Parachute Brigade. Next, the Gurkha Independent Parachute Company was raised. Sections of

5616:

Contact while moving was always possible. However, offensive action usually took two forms: either an attack on a camp or an ambush. The tactic for dealing with a camp was to get a party behind it then charge the front. However, ambushes were probably the most effective tactic and could be sustained

5218:

of PKI members and sympathisers broke out across Jakarta and Indonesia. With Suharto's grip on power in Jakarta and Indonesia delicately poised, the scale and intensity of Indonesia's campaign of infiltrations into Borneo began to ease. The train of events set off by the failed coup led to Suharto's

5135:

These patrols—which were highly classified at the time—often involved small reconnaissance teams crossing the border from the Malaysian states of Sarawak or Sabah into Indonesian Kalimantan in order to detect Indonesian forces about to enter East Malaysia. Initially, penetration was limited to 3,000

5086:

By the concluding months of 1964, the conflict once again appeared to have reached a stalemate, with Commonwealth forces having placed in check for the moment Indonesia's campaign of infiltrations into Borneo, and more recently, the Malaysian Peninsula. However, the fragile equilibrium looked likely

4900:

in 1962 had reported on the viability of a Malaysian state, finding that there was sufficient support in the Borneo colonies for the creation of a larger Malaysian state. However, due to hardening Indonesian and Philippine opposition to the Malaysia proposal, a new round of negotiations was proposed

4803:

In the late 1950s, Sukarno argued that Malaysia was a British puppet state, a neo-colonial experiment and that any expansion of Malaysia would increase British control over the region, with implications for Indonesia's national security. Sukarno strongly opposed the British decolonisation initiative

3264:

forced both Indonesian and Commonwealth forces to conduct long foot patrols. Both sides relied on light infantry operations and air transport, although Commonwealth forces enjoyed the advantage of better helicopter deployment and resupply to forward operating bases. Rivers were also used as a method

5629:

had deployed to Brunei at the beginning of 1963 but returned to Singapore after a few months when the mopping-up of the Brunei Revolt ended. Despite the escalation in Indonesian attacks after the formation of Malaysia, little need was seen for fire support: the limited range of the guns (10 km

5552:

British jungle tactics were developed and honed during the Malayan Emergency against a clever and elusive enemy. They emphasised travelling lightly, being undetectable and going for many days without resupplying. Being undetectable meant being silent (hand signals, no rattling equipment) and 'odour

5536:

Walker recognised the difficulties of limited forces and a long border and, in early 1963, was reinforced with an SAS squadron from the UK, which rotated with another mid-year. When the SAS temporarily adopted 3-man instead of 4-man patrols, they could not closely monitor the border. Increasing the

5257:

At the beginning of 1966, with Indonesia's political hiatus beginning to stabilise (it had stopped a major RPKAD operation to capture a British prisoner), the RPKAD linked up with PGRS to establish guerrilla forces in Sabah and Sarawak. The Sabah effort never crossed the border; however, two groups

4883:

that the confrontation policy was concerned with Malaya not Malaysia and was a reaction to Malayan and British anti-Djakarta, pro-rebel activity in 1958, and promotion of program to split off Sumatra as diplomatic efforts to settle the Malaysian dispute picked up steam in the summer of 1963 through

5612:

The basic activity was platoon patrolling; this continued throughout the campaign, with patrols being deployed by helicopter, roping in and out as necessary. Movement was usually single file; the leading section rotated but was organised with two lead scouts, followed by its commander and then the

5354:

Before Confrontation, no British military units had been stationed in Sabah or Sarawak. As Confrontation developed increasing numbers of troops were required. There were three types of British Army deployment: Units stationed in the Far East for two years did a single 4-month tour (this applied to

5209:

took place in Jakarta. Six senior Indonesian military leaders were killed, while General Nasution narrowly escaped from his would-be captors. In the ensuing confusion, Sukarno agreed to allow Suharto to assume emergency command and control of Jakarta and the armed forces stationed there. Blame for

4602:

The lack of roads and tracks suitable for vehicles on both sides of the border meant that movement was limited to foot tracks mostly unmarked on any map, as well as water and air movement. There were many large rivers on both sides of the border, and these were the primary means of movement. There

4520:

The degree of Indonesian support for the TNKU remains a subject of debate. While Indonesia at the time denied direct involvement, it did sympathise with the TNKU's objectives to destabilise the proposed Malaysian state. Following the TNKU's military setback in Brunei, on 20 January 1963 Indonesian

5548:

in the Malayan Emergency. This was approved by the Sarawak government in May as "auxiliary police". Walker selected Lieutenant Colonel John Cross, a Gurkha officer with immense jungle experience, for the task. A training centre was established in a remote area at Mt. Murat in the 5th Division and

5253:

During Suharto's rise to power Claret operations continued and, in March 1966, a Gurkha battalion was involved in some of the fiercest fighting of the campaign during two raids into Kalimantan. Minor action by Indonesian forces continued in the border area, including an attempt at counter-battery

4892:

in the 1st Division of Sarawak, about 64 km (40 miles) from Kuching and 3.2 km (2 miles) from the border with Kalimantan. The other group attacked the village of Gumbang, South West of Kuching, later in the month. Only about half returned. The confrontation could be said to have started

4740:

in the 1940s. However, the Brunei People's Party was in favour of joining Malaysia on the condition it was unified with the three territories of northern Borneo with their own sultan, and hence was strong enough to resist domination by Malaya, Singapore, Malay administrators or Chinese merchants.

4493:

would support Brunei joining the proposed Malaysian state because of the implied reduction of his political office, and Brunei's oil revenues ensured Brunei's financial viability were it to choose independence. Furthermore, a Brunei politician, Dr. AM Azahari bin Sheikh Mahmud, while supporting a

5426:

In addition to the ground and air force units, between 1963 and 1966 there were up to 80 ships from the Royal Navy, Royal Australian Navy, Royal Malay Navy, Royal New Zealand Navy and the Royal Fleet Auxiliary. Most of these were patrol craft, minesweepers, frigates and destroyers patrolling the

4920:

Before the Manila meeting, the Malayan Government had set 31 August as the date on which Malaysia would come into existence (coinciding with Malaya's independence day celebrations of 31 August). However, at the Manila negotiations, it was persuaded by the Indonesian and Philippine Governments to

4760:

The PGRS numbered about 800, based in West Kalimantan at Batu Hitam, with a contingent of 120 from the Indonesian intelligence agency and a small cadre trained in China. The PKI (Indonesian Communist Party) was firmly in evidence and led by an ethnic Arab revolutionary, Sofyan. The PGRS ran some

4579:

Apart from either end, the border with Indonesia generally followed a ridgeline throughout its length, rising to almost 2,500 metres in the Fifth Division. In the First Division, there were some roads, including a continuous road from Kuching to Brunei and around to Sandakan on the east coast of

5876:

Although the Indonesians had conducted a few amphibious raids and an airborne operation against Malaya, the war remained limited throughout its duration and remained largely a land conflict. For either side to have escalated to large scale air or naval attacks "would have incurred disadvantages

5815:

at the time of the war, confirmed that the IRD was active during this time. He officially denied any role by MI6, and denied "personal knowledge" of the British arming of the Army's right-wing faction, though he did comment that if there were such a plan, he "would certainly have supported it".

5307:

Politico-military authority lay with the Emergency Committees in Sarawak and North Borneo, including their Governors, who were the Commanders in Chief for their colonies. In Brunei, there was a State Advisory Council answerable to the Sultan. After independence, supreme authority changed to the

4681:

communities since the 1930s and 1940s. Some of the earliest Communist groups in Sabah included the Anti-Fascist League, which later became the Races Liberation Army, and the Borneo Anti-Japanese League, which was made up of the North Borneo Anti-Japanese League and the West Borneo Anti-Japanese

5872:

The conflict lasted nearly four years; however, following General Suharto's replacement of Sukarno, Indonesian interest in pursuing the war with Malaysia declined, and combat eased. Peace negotiations were initiated during May 1966 before a final peace agreement was ratified on 11 August 1966.

5346:

companies. However, as additional resources became available the size of the force available to Walker expanded, and by the end of 1964 British forces had grown to approximately 14,000 troops organised into three brigades (increased to four in 1965). The naval effort, under DOBOPS command, was

5152:

Claret was largely successful in gaining the initiative for the British Commonwealth forces before being suspended late in the war, inflicting significant casualties on the Indonesians and keeping them on the defensive on their side of the border. The operations were only publicly disclosed by

4928:

North Borneo and Sarawak, anticipating a pro-Malaysian UN report, declared their independence as part of Malaysia on the sixth anniversary of Malayan independence, 31 August 1963, before the UN report had been published. On 14 September the UN report was published, once again providing general

4756:

In the aftermath of the Brunei Revolt, the remnants of the TNKU reached Indonesia. Possibly fearing British reprisals (which never came), many Chinese communists, possibly several thousand, also fled Sarawak. Their compatriots remaining in Sarawak were known as the CCO by the UK but called the

4752:

alternative by local opposition against the Malaysia plan. Local opposition throughout the Borneo territories was primarily based on economic, political, historical and cultural differences between the Borneo states and Malaya, as well as the refusal to be subjected under peninsular political

4614:

covering vast tidal flats intersected with numerous creeks is a feature of many coastal areas, including Brunei and either end of the border. There are cultivated areas in valleys and around villages. In the vicinity of abandoned and current settlements are areas of dense secondary regrowth.

4980:

became increasingly concerned with the worsening domestic situation in Indonesia and began to secretly contact the Malaysian government, while managing to obstruct the confrontation, reducing it to a minimal level. This was implemented to preserve an already exhausted army which had recently

5863:

SAS activities were mostly covert reconnaissance and surveillance patrols by four-person teams. However, some larger scale raiding missions took place, including amphibious ones by the SBS. Once Claret operations were authorised, most missions were inside Kalimantan, although they conducted

4442:

critical of the regime. By late 1957, the transport of weapons and ammunition to Sumatra by merchant ships and night submarines had become increasingly common, but the Americans believed that for their clandestine assistance to be truly effective, such operations required the use of British

5082:

and two destroyer escorts. Commonwealth forces were readied for airstrikes against Indonesian infiltration staging areas in Sumatra if further Indonesian infiltrations of the Malaysian Peninsula were attempted. A tense three-week standoff occurred before the crisis was peacefully resolved.

4959:

was the first major incursion for the centre of the 3rd Division, directed by an RPKAD Major Mulyono Soerjowardojo, who had been sent to Nangabadan earlier in the year. The proclamation of Malaysia in September 1963 meant that Malaysian Army units deployed to Borneo (now East Malaysia).

4937:. Two days later, rioters organised by the PKI burned the British embassy in Jakarta. Several hundred rioters ransacked the Singaporean embassy in Jakarta and the homes of Singaporean diplomats. In Malaysia, Indonesian agents were captured, and crowds attacked the Indonesian embassy in 5837: 5383:

HQ in Singapore. Other aircraft of many types stationed in Malaya and Singapore provided sorties as necessary, including routine transport support into Kuching and Labuan. Rotary wing support included 60 naval and air force troop-lift helicopters and another 40 smaller army variants.

5667:

and occasionally special forces ones. However, artillery observers rarely accompanied patrols inside Sabah and Sarawak unless they were in pursuit of a known incursion and guns were in range. Observation parties were almost always led by an officer, but only two or three men strong.

3257:-sized operations on either side of the border. Indonesia's campaign of infiltrations into Borneo sought to exploit how ethnically and religiously deverse Sabah and Sarawak were compared to that of Malaya and Singapore, with the intent of unravelling the proposed state of Malaysia. 3292:

became more organised with the inclusion of a more substantial component of Indonesian forces. To deter and disrupt Indonesia's growing campaign of infiltrations, the British responded in 1964 by launching their own covert operations into Indonesian Kalimantan under the code name

5342:

Singapore in late 1962 in response to the Brunei Revolt. The ground forces were initially limited to just five UK and Gurkha infantry battalions usually based in Malaya, Singapore and Hong Kong, and an armoured car squadron. The police also deployed several light infantry of

5912:

Casualty numbers in text conflict with those in the table and infobox. Casualty numbers throughout the article have been changed frequently, often without altering the citation, and in some cases do not add up. The original sources seem to be books that are not available

11958: 5580:, British infantry battalions had reorganised into three rifle companies, a support company and an HQ company with logistic responsibilities. Battalion HQ included an intelligence section. Each rifle company was composed of 3 platoons of 32 men each, equipped with 3301:, Indonesia launched an expanded campaign of operations into Peninsular Malaysia on 17 August 1964, albeit without military success. A build-up of Indonesian forces on the Kalimantan border in December 1964 saw the UK commit significant forces from the UK-based 4887:

In April 1963, the first recorded infiltration and attack occurred in Borneo. An infiltration force training at Nangabadan was split in two and prepared for its first operation. On 12 April 1963, one infiltration force attacked and seized the police station at

6175: 4921:

postpone Malaysia's inauguration until 15 September 1963 by which time a UN mission was expected to report on whether the two Borneo colonies supported the Malaysia proposal. However, following the conclusion of the Manila talks, the Malayan prime minister

4807:

However, it was also suggested that Sukarno's campaign against the formation of Malaysia was actually motivated by a desire to unite the Malay Peninsula and the whole island of Borneo under Indonesian rule and to complete the previously abandoned idea of

5378:

transports, and about 12 helicopters of various types. One of Walker's first "challenges" was curtailing the RAF's centralised command and control arrangements and insisting that aircraft tasking for operations in Borneo was by his HQ, not by the

4874:

Indonesia argued that the establishment of Malaysia allowed the United Kingdom to maintain her unique privileges regarding the use of the Singapore base and keep close ties to British defense needs in Southeast Asia constituted an implied threat.

4949:

Even as peace talks progressed and stalled, Indonesia maintained its campaign of infiltrations. On 15 August, a headman reported an incursion in the 3rd Division and a follow-up indicated they were about 50 strong. A series of contacts ensued as

5027:

during the Indonesian Independence Day celebrations, Indonesian forces began a campaign of airborne and seaborne infiltrations of the Malaysian Peninsula on 17 August 1964. On 17 August 1964, a seaborne force of about 100, composed of air force

5308:

Malaysian National Defence Council in Kuala Lumpur with State Executive Committees in Sabah and Sarawak. Military direction was from the Malaysian National Operations Committee jointly chaired by the Chief of the Malaysian Armed Forces Staff,

4529:

with Malaysia, reversing Indonesia's previous policy of compliance with the British proposal. This was followed by the first recorded infiltration of Indonesian forces on 12 April 1963 when a police station in Tebedu, Sarawak, was attacked.

5823:

is strongly implicated in this scheme by the use of the Information Research Department (seen as an MI6 office), any role by MI6 itself is officially denied by the UK government, and papers relating to it have yet to be declassified by the

8115:

Casualties were 114 killed and 181 wounded, a high proportion Gurkha. There were also 36 civilians killed, 53 wounded, and 4 captured, almost all local inhabitants. It was estimated that 590 Indonesians were killed, 222 wounded, and 771

4753:

domination. Both Azahari and Zaidi went into exile in Indonesia during the confrontation. While the latter returned to Sarawak and had his political status rehabilitated, Azahari remained in Indonesia until his death on 3 September 2002.

6115: 5047:

aircraft set off from Jakarta for Peninsular Malaysia, flying low to avoid detection by radar. The following night, two of the C-130 managed to reach their objective with their onboard PGT paratroopers, who jumped off and landed around

4462:(which had become independent from Britain in 1957), and Singapore (which had become self-governing in 1959). In May 1961, the UK and Malayan governments proposed a larger federation called Malaysia, encompassing the states of Malaya, 4513:, the Brunei oil fields, or European hostages. Within hours of the insurrection being launched, British forces based in Singapore were mobilised for a prompt response. The failure of the insurrection was evident within 30 hours when 5621:

typically 20 to 50 m (22 to 55 yd) long, depending on the expected strength of the target. The trick was to remain undetected when the target entered the ambush area and then open fire all together at the right moment.

5023:(Dwikora). The Dwikora contained Sukarno's call to defend the Indonesian Revolution and support revolutions in Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak and Sabah to destroy Malaysia. Co-ordinated to coincide with Sukarno's announcement of the 4917:. While the fact-finding mission by the UN was expected to begin on 22 August, Indonesian delaying tactics forced the mission to start on 26 August. Nevertheless, the UN expected the report to be published by 14 September 1963. 11578: 10967: 5636: 5042:

in three parties in the night. Instead of being greeted as liberators, however, they were contained by various Commonwealth forces, and all but four of the infiltrators were captured within a few days. On 2 September, three

8817:. Djakarta: Departemen Penerangan. (Contains Joint Statements of the Manila Agreements, Indonesian presidential decrees and all transcripts of Sukarno's public speeches from July 1963 to May 1964 pertaining the Konfrontasi) 11758: 5679:(distinguished by having its control panel labelled in English and Russian). Until the manpack A13 arrived in 1966, the only lightweight HF set was the Australian A510, which did not provide voice, only Morse code. 5291:

In early January 1963, the military forces in northern Borneo, having arrived in December 1962 in response to the Brunei Revolt, were under the command of Commander British Forces Borneo (COMBRITBOR), Major General

4434:(CAT), had been covertly providing support to rebels on remote islands, seeking to weaken, if not outright oust President Sukarno's regime. Beginning in 1957, the CIA was increasing contact with military leaders in 8466: 11773: 3265:

of transport and infiltration. Although combat operations were primarily conducted by ground forces, airborne forces played a vital support role and naval forces ensured the security of the sea flanks. The

6650: 4782: 11878: 11838: 4728:

The SCO and the Bruneian rebels supported and propagated the unification of all British Borneo territories to form an independent leftist North Kalimantan state. This idea was originally proposed by

922: 5238:

was in full control of Indonesia (rather than Sukarno), and vigilance in Borneo could not be relaxed. With Suharto's co-operation a peace treaty was signed on 11 August and ratified two days later.

11953: 5411:

helicopters, initially dropping supplies to the patrols from low level, and later after the patrols had cleared a landing area in the dense jungle, by landing. A test Joint Service deployment of a

3222:

in December 1962. Malaysia had direct military support from the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. Indonesia had indirect support from the USSR and China, thus making it an episode of the

4913:). At the Manila meeting, the Philippines and Indonesia formally agreed to accept the formation of Malaysia if a majority in North Borneo and Sarawak voted for it in a referendum organised by the 12118: 12103: 5544:, who had mobilised to help intercept the fleeing TNKU forces from the Brunei Revolt. He also utilised the experience of the Royal Marines as well as knowledge of the skill and usefulness of the 5068:. Operations were commanded by four Malaysian Brigade, but it took a month for the security forces to capture or kill 90 of the 96 parachutists, for the loss of two men killed during the action. 11848: 6277: 6272: 6267: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4599:

on the south coast, some 350 kilometres (220 mi) from the border. There were no roads in the border area other than some in the west, and no road existed linking East and West Kalimantan.

8015: 5730:

were increasingly alarmed by the possibility of the Confrontation with Malaysia spreading, and agreed to "liquidate President Sukarno, depending on the situation and available opportunities".

12199: 12143: 11783: 11778: 5149:

consequences if they were exposed, they were controlled at the highest level and conducted within strict parameters known as the "Golden Rules", while the participants were sworn to secrecy.

4985:

in Western New Guinea, while also maintaining its political position in Indonesian politics, especially against the Communist Party of Indonesia, the ardent supporters of the confrontation.

12163: 11768: 4905:

for several days, starting on 30 July 1963. Just days before the summit, on 27 July 1963, Sukarno had continued his inflammatory rhetoric, declaring that he was going to "crush Malaysia" (

12051: 7371: 5112:

Operation Claret was a long-running series of secretive cross-border raids conducted by British Commonwealth forces in Borneo from June 1964 to early 1966. These raids were undertaken by

11823: 10271: 5596:

around the end of 1965) organised into three sections, enabling a section to be attached to a rifle company if required. Similarly organised was an anti-tank platoon; there was also an

3317:. A round of serious peace negotiations between the two sides began in May 1966, and a final peace agreement was signed on 11 August 1966 with Indonesia formally recognising Malaysia. 6075: 4761:

raids into Sarawak but spent more time developing their supporters in Sarawak. The Indonesian military did not approve of the leftist nature of the PGRS and generally avoided them.

12168: 12093: 11908: 10555: 4901:

to hear the Indonesian and Philippine points of opposition. To resolve the dispute the would-be member states of Malaysia met representatives of Indonesia and the Philippines in

12153: 4963:

The deliberate attack by Indonesian forces on Malaysian troops did not enhance Sukarno's "anti-imperialist" credentials, although the Indonesian government tried blaming their

4713:

supporters. However, the SCO had little support from ethnic Malays and other indigenous Sarawak peoples. At its height, the SCO had 24,000 members. During the 1940s and 1950s,

12158: 915: 10425: 10199: 5675:, copies of AN/PRC 9 and 10), although the use of relay or rebroadcast stations helped where they were tactically possible. Patrol bases could use the World War II vintage 5254:

fire against a 105 mm gun position in Central Brigade (reports from locals said the British return fire had turned over the Indonesian gun, thought to be 76 mm).

12098: 7772: 5262:

pursuing and ambushing them; almost all were accounted for. In response to this, a final Claret operation was launched, which was an artillery ambush by 38 Light Battery.

6210: 5663:

helicopters as necessary to deal with incursions or support operations. Forward observers were in short supply, but it seems that they always accompanied normal infantry

8485: 4721:, the state's first political party, which was founded in June 1959. The Sarawak Insurgency began after the Brunei Revolt in 1962 and the SCO would fight alongside the 10560: 4796:

argued years later that Sukarno intentionally muted Indonesia's opposition to the proposed Malaysian state while Indonesia was preoccupied with advancing its claim to

4430:, Indonesia had emerged as a notable and rising military power in Southeast Asia. The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), primarily through its Taiwan-based subsidiary 5553:

free'—perfumed toiletries were forbidden (they could be detected a kilometre away by good jungle fighters), and sometimes eating food cold to prevent cooking smells.

4717:

had spread among Chinese vernacular schools in Sarawak. Following World War II, Communist influence also penetrated the labour movement and the predominantly Chinese

12123: 11923: 5060:. Due to a lightning storm, the drop of 96 paratroopers was widely dispersed. This resulted in them landing close to 1/10 Gurkhas, who were joined by 1st Battalion, 908: 5796:

These manipulations included the BBC reporting that communists were planning to slaughter the citizens of Jakarta. The accusation was based on a forgery planted by

11948: 11828: 11753: 11748: 11713: 7710: 12138: 11873: 5617:

for many days. They targeted tracks and, particularly in parts of Borneo, waterways. Track ambushes were close range, 10 to 20 m (11 to 22 yd), with a

5321: 4051: 6714:"Speech by the President of the SAF Veterans' League, Brigadier-General (NS) Winston Toh, At the Konfrontasi Memorial Ceremony on 10 March 2016, 1825hrs |" 11863: 8275: 5312:, and the Inspector General of Police, Sir Claude Fenner. The British Commander in Chief Far East Forces was a member. DOBOPS regularly attended its meetings. 4848:

However, while Sukarno made no direct claims to incorporate northern Borneo into Indonesian Kalimantan, he saw the formation of Malaysia as an obstacle to the

4561:

Borneo after cessation of hostilities; divided between Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia. The control of the island was the main issue behind the war at the time.

4494:

unified North Borneo, also opposed a wider Malaysian federation. In 1961, he had sounded out Indonesia about possible aid in training Borneo recruits; General

2755: 8841: 11833: 6071:

A number of British Commonwealth soldiers awarded gallantry awards for actions during the campaign. No Distinguished Flying Cross or naval awards were made.

4546:, was located in the south of the island. In the north, were the Sultanate of Brunei (a British protectorate) and two colonies of the United Kingdom—British 4427: 9206: 8041: 2685: 12148: 5671:

Communications were a problem; radios were not used within platoons, only rearwards. Ranges were invariably beyond the capability of manpack VHF radios (

5355:

Australian and NZ); Gurkha units (all permanently stationed in the Far East) did 6 month tours, generally once every twelve months; UK based units (from

4458:

as early as the late-1950s. As a part of its withdrawal from its Southeast Asian colonies, the UK moved to combine its colonies in North Borneo with the

5105: 2805: 11999: 11691: 5441:, was also committed throughout Confrontation usually in their transport role for troops, helicopters and army aircraft between Singapore and Borneo. 10418: 8009: 5296:, who was Director of Borneo Operations (DOBOPS) based on Labuan Island and reported directly to the Commander in Chief Far East Forces, Admiral Sir 4031: 2625: 715: 3269:

provided most of the defensive effort, although Malaysian forces steadily increased their contributions, and there were periodic contributions from

11818: 11243: 10503: 6185:, Malaysian Borneo to the Commonwealth forces who served in Sabah, especially the Australians together with British, Malaysians and New Zealanders. 5790: 2124: 1130: 17: 6191: 5052:

in Johore (about 100 miles north of Singapore). The remaining C-130 crashed into the Malacca Straits while trying to evade interception by an RAF

10714: 4011: 2289: 9856: 7987: 7363: 11888: 10726: 10532: 4369: 2382: 751: 727: 12239: 5509:

Soon after assuming command in Borneo, General Walker issued a directive listing the ingredients for success, based on his experience in the

5453: 4925:

announced that the proposed Malaysian state would come into existence on 16 September 1963, apparently irrespective of the latest UN report.

3134: 5719:. According to the exposés, the UK had already become alarmed with the announcement of the "Konfrontasi" policy. It has been claimed that a 11706: 10411: 8386:. The Official History of Australia's Involvement in Southeast Asian Conflicts 1948–1975. St Leonards, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. 7133: 5259: 4100: 2665: 8803: 7957: 7160: 6713: 5304:

in early 1963. In the middle of 1963, Brigadier Pat Glennie, normally the Brigadier General Staff in Singapore, arrived as Deputy DOBOPS.

11598: 11406: 10565: 6544: 6307: 6302: 3309:

combat forces from Peninsular Malaysia to Borneo in 1965–66. The intensity of the conflict began to subside following the coup d'état of

2705: 2219: 8505: 12314: 12046: 8259:. The Official History of Australia's Involvement in Southeast Asian Conflicts 1948–1975. Vol. One. St Leonards: Allen and Unwin. 8037: 4951: 4509:. The insurrection was an abject failure, as the poorly trained and equipped forces were unable to capture key objectives such as the 12319: 12284: 6758: 4603:

were also quite a few small grass airstrips suitable for light aircraft, as dropping zones for parachuted supplies, and helicopters.

4415:

in 1955. Indonesia had relentlessly pursued its claim to Dutch New Guinea from 1950 to 1962, despite facing multiple setbacks in the

3019: 2915: 5772:, and Sukarno in a bad light. These efforts were to duplicate the successes of the British psyop campaign in the Malayan Emergency. 5362:

The initial air component based in Borneo consisted of detachments from squadrons stationed in Malaya and Singapore. These included

10307: 9826: 9429: 9199: 2372: 1935: 1931: 11699: 9174: 9102:

Confronting Sukarno: British, American, Australian and New Zealand Diplomacy in the Malaysian-Indonesian Confrontation, 1961–1965

7782: 5356: 4652: 4403:, and establishing Indonesia's credentials as a notable international power supporting its own agenda distinct from those of the 3302: 2635: 8808: 12259: 12254: 12249: 11411: 10687: 10289: 5490: 5195:"If Marcos wants to aid Malaysia, that's his business, but we will continue to crush Malaysia, even if we have to fight alone." 5065: 8958: 5708:

The revelations included an anonymous Foreign Office source stating that the decision to unseat President Sukarno was made by

5136:

yards (2,700 m) but was later extended to 6,000 yards (5,500 m), and again to 10,000 yards (9,100 m) after the

12269: 11893: 11642: 10657: 9622: 9109: 9006: 8987: 8912: 8890: 8830: 8785: 8766: 8747: 8685: 8666: 8606:

Moulton, J.L.; Barclay, C.N.; Yool, W.M., eds. (1967). "Extracts from: Statement on the Defence Estimates 1967 (Cmd. 2902)".

8556: 8479: 8455: 8436: 8391: 8264: 8245: 8207: 8188: 8169: 8150: 7419: 6960: 6933: 6538: 4145: 3024: 1804: 9296: 5326: 11793: 11788: 11361: 11236: 10736: 10719: 9652: 9465: 5709: 5474: 5380: 5293: 5215: 4631:

ceded the state to the British Crown believing it to be in the best interest of the people of Sarawak following the end of

4286: 3245:

and in Singapore. The conflict was characterised by restrained and isolated ground combat, set within tactics of low-level

2995: 2765: 2339: 2269: 9122:

Singapore's Role in Indonesia's Confrontation of Malaysia and the Impact of Confrontation on Singapore-Indonesia Relations

12304: 11047: 10992: 10295: 10229: 9192: 7700: 5643: 5486: 5420: 5061: 4246: 2795: 2645: 2565: 2319: 2024: 575: 293: 11973: 4933:

was formally established on 16 September 1963. Indonesia immediately reacted by expelling the Malaysian Ambassador from

12041: 11721: 11171: 10547: 9507: 9179: 9090: 9017: 5220: 4362: 4308: 1485: 5604:, with sustained fire kits held by each company, was to provide a medium machine gun capability. In the meantime, the 12299: 12294: 11262: 11083: 10607: 10108: 9453: 9302: 9046: 8931: 8728: 8709: 8647: 8624: 8596: 8577: 8414: 8347: 8328: 8226: 8131: 8108: 8089: 8070: 7170: 7143: 5935: 5223:

spread throughout Indonesia. Suharto's steady consolidation of power after 30 September events allowed him to form a

4266: 3127: 2785: 2279: 8298: 8257:

Crises and Commitments: The Politics and Diplomacy of Australia's Involvement in Southeast Asian Conflicts 1948–1965

12309: 12036: 11994: 11883: 11562: 11421: 11042: 11027: 10741: 10692: 10508: 10470: 10460: 10325: 9332: 6530:

Aircraft Nose Art: American, French and British Imagery and Its Influences from World War I through the Vietnam War

5347:

primarily provided by minesweepers used to patrol coastal waters and larger inland waterways around Wallace Bay. A

5275: 4831:

claimed eastern North Borneo, arguing that the Borneo colony had historical links with the Philippines through the

4718: 4694: 4683: 4301: 4291: 4281: 4276: 4256: 2835: 2815: 2515: 2064: 1959: 1826: 282: 8823:

Mud Sweat & Tears: An account of 24 Construction Squadron Royal Australian Engineer's Borneo Tour of Duty 1965

6035: 5917: 5101: 2299: 12244: 11938: 11229: 10987: 10498: 10440: 10373: 9958: 9290: 8468:

Conflict and Confrontation in South East Asia, 1961–1965: Britain: the United States and the Creation of Malaysia

6252: 5757: 5408: 5309: 5125: 2695: 2352: 2329: 2189: 2054: 1465: 339: 135: 4576:) on the north coast, was divided into several residencies; those of the interior and Tawau were on the border. 12173: 11431: 10313: 9670: 9585: 9254: 5812: 5724: 5699:(MI6) during the confrontation was brought to light in a series of exposés by Paul Lashmar and Oliver James in 5363: 4400: 4318: 4110: 3358: 3079: 2955: 2945: 2925: 2895: 2545: 2535: 8804:

General Assembly 15th Session – The Trusteeship System and Non-Self-Governing Territories (pages:509–510)

6508: 12274: 11933: 11729: 11002: 10751: 9766: 9754: 9742: 9712: 9688: 9682: 9676: 9658: 9634: 8842:"'Keep the Indonesian Pot Boiling': Western Covert Intervention in Indonesia, October 1965 – March 1966" 4896:

Before Indonesia's declaration of confrontation against the proposed Malaysian state on 20 January 1963, the

4697:(TNI) taking photograph together marking the close relations between them during Indonesia under the rule of 4355: 4323: 4313: 4296: 4261: 4185: 4155: 4090: 3920: 3623: 3446: 3330: 3261: 2905: 2745: 2675: 2575: 2434: 2362: 2179: 1800: 1610: 9706: 7938:, p. 241. Note incorrect Australian casualty figures cited as 22 killed (including 7 killed in action). 5153:

Britain in 1974, while the Australian government did not officially acknowledge its involvement until 1996.

4993: 4689: 12088: 11386: 11381: 11252: 10997: 10024: 9236: 9216: 9056:

Sam, Jackie; Khoo, Philip; Cheong, Yip Seng; Fazil, Abul; Pestana, Roderick; Lee, Gabriel (11 March 1965).

6818: 6344: 5800:, a propaganda expert with the IRD. He later bragged in a letter to the British ambassador in Jakarta, Sir 5121: 5012: 4857: 4547: 4483: 4463: 3939: 3632: 3298: 3195: 3120: 3044: 3029: 2985: 2935: 2845: 2775: 2525: 2445: 2034: 1945: 1744: 1059: 271: 9694: 9184: 9057: 5733: 3233:

with most of the action occurring in the border area between Indonesia and East Malaysia on the island of

1079: 12133: 11913: 11903: 11843: 11155: 10211: 10163: 9748: 9549: 7409: 6457:

Hara, Fujiol (December 2005). "The North Kalimantan Communist Party and the People's Republic of China".

5720: 5696: 5224: 4165: 3034: 2865: 2855: 2485: 2159: 1455: 159: 121: 8358: 5705:

newspaper beginning in 1997 and has also been covered in journals on military and intelligence history.

5501:. Intelligence from this may have been used in planning some aspects of Claret cross-border operations. 5029: 4659:

of Sarawak, may have been the forerunner of the subsequent anti-Malaysia movement in Sarawak, headed by

4595:

on the west coast, about 100 miles (160 km) from the border, and the capital of East Kalimantan is

12264: 11416: 11321: 10682: 10647: 9772: 9700: 9640: 9489: 6696:"NZ and Confrontation in Borneo – Confrontation in Borneo | NZHistory, New Zealand history online" 6356: 6282: 6162: 6093: 5466: 5211: 5005: 4120: 3278: 2965: 2825: 2555: 2044: 1570: 986: 5234:, the Malaysian and Indonesian governments declared the conflict was over. However, it was unclear if 5038:, PGT) paratroopers, KKO and about a dozen Malaysian communists, crossed the Malacca Straits by boat, 10972: 10731: 10030: 9417: 9344: 9260: 7979: 5737: 5589: 5400: 5367: 4454:

policy in 1968, it had already begun re-evaluating their commitment to maintaining a presence in the

4271: 3274: 1560: 8219:

SAS Secret War in South-East Asia: 22 Special Air Service Regiment in the Borneo Campaign, 1963–1966

5520:

Timely and accurate information (the need for continuous reconnaissance and intelligence collection)

5387: 4792:

Sukarno's motives for beginning the confrontation are contested. Former Indonesian Foreign Minister

11803: 11547: 11471: 11131: 10283: 10096: 10042: 9928: 9916: 9886: 9628: 9519: 9320: 9314: 6242: 5761: 5561: 5343: 4793: 4722: 4251: 3672: 3289: 3270: 2735: 2655: 2495: 2084: 1754: 1520: 1346: 305: 8942: 4693:

Members of the Sarawak People's Guerrilla Force (SPGF), North Kalimantan National Army (NKNA) and

12108: 12020: 11557: 11542: 11326: 11099: 10704: 10454: 10247: 10181: 10018: 9982: 9784: 9760: 9718: 9591: 9579: 9501: 9495: 9278: 8528: 7983: 7953: 6674: 6340: 6312: 6085: 5585: 5145: 5044: 4964: 4745: 4674: 4572:

Sarawak was divided into five administrative divisions. Sabah, whose capital city was Jesselton (

4551: 4490: 4467: 3418: 3284:

Initially, Indonesian attacks on East Malaysia relied heavily on local volunteers trained by the

3250: 3211: 3199: 3069: 3039: 2975: 2885: 2465: 2224: 2199: 1949: 1035: 1013: 991: 587: 526: 107: 9868: 9561: 8694:

Poulgrain, G. J. (2014). The genesis of konfrontasi: Malaysia, Brunei, and Indonesia, 1945–1965.

4867:. While the Philippines did not engage in hostilities, it did defer recognising Malaysia as the 3163:

in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore) was an armed conflict from 1963 to 1966 that stemmed from

55: 11635: 10652: 10223: 9832: 9814: 9808: 9597: 9531: 9399: 9284: 9266: 7949: 6720: 6052: 5581: 5280: 5187:

By the end of 1965, the conflict holds to a stand still. The new President of the Philippines,

4543: 2615: 2585: 1886: 1734: 1660: 1620: 489: 8506:"The Communist Insurgency in Malaysia, 1948–90: Contesting the Nation-State and Social Change" 6950: 6923: 6528: 6479: 5844:(possibly a B59, a modified Garand made by Beretta in Indonesia) captured by the British SAS. 12191: 11968: 11649: 11356: 10814: 10617: 10612: 10587: 10434: 9880: 9483: 9423: 9350: 6819:"'Maximum disavowable aid': Britain, the United States and the Indonesian rebellion, 1957–58" 6048: 5672: 5569: 5375: 5206: 5137: 4648: 4175: 3902: 3367: 3310: 2875: 2392: 2104: 1846: 1008: 413: 199: 129: 43: 12186: 7411:

Indonesia Abandons Confrontation: An Inquiry Into the Functions of Indonesian Foreign Policy

4838: 12128: 11943: 11798: 11603: 11552: 11476: 11311: 11059: 10622: 10277: 10066: 10012: 9940: 9862: 9850: 9646: 9405: 9326: 6925:

Japan and Singapore in the World Economy: Japan's Economic Advance Into Singapore 1870–1965

6336: 6292: 5962: 5625:

Fire support was limited for the first half of the campaign. A commando light battery with

5556: 5537:

capability of the infantry to create a surveillance network was also considered essential.

5076: 5072: 4956: 4817: 4651:

anti-cession movement, which rejected the British takeover of Sarawak and had assassinated

4628: 4495: 4459: 4408: 4203: 3966: 3929: 3882: 3812: 3782: 3752: 3722: 3339: 3266: 3172: 2505: 2430: 2309: 2209: 1979: 1724: 1432: 1091: 981: 964: 703: 678: 8721:

From Emergency to Confrontation: The New Zealand Armed Forces in Malaya and Borneo 1949–66

8181:

Emergency and Confrontation: Australian Military Operations in Malaya and Borneo 1950–1966

8099:

Carver, Michael (1986). "Conventional Warfare in the Nuclear Age". In Paret, Peter (ed.).

5337:

on its arrival in North Borneo (Sabah) as part of their defence aid programme to Malaysia.

5019:

While the hostility raged, on 3 May 1964, Sukarno proclaimed the People's Dual Command or

8: 12279: 11918: 11663: 11351: 10697: 10642: 10151: 9964: 9922: 9375: 9242: 8409:. Vol. One, 1901 to the 1970s. Carlton South, Victoria: Melbourne University Press. 7033: 6297: 5845: 5676: 5605: 5117: 4906: 4431: 4416: 4395:

sought to develop an independent Indonesian foreign policy, focused on the annexation of

4021: 3986: 3852: 3772: 3642: 3183: 1856: 1550: 1068: 363: 6695: 5775:

These efforts were coordinated from the British High Commission in Singapore, where the

5075:, involving the anticipated transit of the Sunda Strait by the British aircraft carrier 11898: 11813: 11656: 11511: 11123: 10804: 10662: 10319: 10187: 10169: 10120: 10084: 10072: 10060: 10006: 9778: 9736: 9567: 9543: 9513: 9441: 9155: 8962: 8947: 8869: 6484: 6470: 5966: 5785: 5769: 5745: 5371: 5039: 5008: 4922: 4897: 4860: 4732:, leader of the Parti Rakyat Brunei (Brunei People's Party), who had forged links with 4667: 4660: 4444: 4412: 4226: 4211: 3872: 3842: 3762: 3682: 3515: 3091: 1774: 1694: 1510: 1442: 1288: 1154: 996: 871: 351: 10403: 9130:

Tuck, C. (2004). "Borneo 1963–66: Counter-insurgency Operations and War Termination".

8276:"Book Review: Vernon L. Porritt "The Rise and Fall of Communism in Sarawak 1940–1990"" 3350: 3241:

in Indonesia). However Indonesia also conducted lower intensity covert actions on the

12015: 11808: 11676: 11618: 11280: 11186: 11163: 11107: 11037: 10627: 10520: 10337: 10331: 10241: 10102: 10048: 9904: 9555: 9477: 9447: 9338: 9159: 9147: 9105: 9086: 9065: 9042: 9002: 8983: 8927: 8924:

The Malayan Emergency and Indonesian Confrontation: The Commonwealth's Wars 1948–1966

8908: 8886: 8873: 8861: 8826: 8781: 8762: 8743: 8724: 8705: 8681: 8678:

Fighting General – The Public and Private Campaigns of General Sir Walter Walker

8662: 8643: 8636: 8620: 8592: 8573: 8552: 8520: 8475: 8451: 8432: 8410: 8403: 8387: 8370: 8343: 8324: 8290: 8260: 8241: 8222: 8203: 8184: 8165: 8146: 8127: 8104: 8085: 8066: 8031: 7415: 7166: 7139: 6956: 6929: 6838: 6534: 6488: 6287: 5660: 5626: 5510: 5435: 5331: 5279:

Some 1,500 men from the indigenous tribes of Sabah and Sarawak were recruited by the

5219:

gradual consolidation of power and marginalisation of Sukarno. At the same time, the

5108:

1st Battalion conduct a patrol to search for enemy positions in the jungle of Brunei.

5024: 4982: 4832: 4809: 4706: 4656: 4517:

troops airlifted from Singapore secured Brunei town and ensured the Sultan's safety.

4404: 4061: 4041: 3822: 3712: 3702: 3662: 3397: 3074: 2114: 1989: 1379: 1369: 1268: 551: 327: 8060: 12289: 12067: 11868: 11853: 11680: 11506: 11451: 11341: 11336: 11331: 11316: 11210: 11190: 11022: 11007: 10834: 10809: 10637: 10592: 10480: 10361: 10349: 10343: 10301: 10205: 10175: 10090: 9910: 9892: 9874: 9844: 9459: 9308: 9248: 9139: 9120: 8853: 6830: 6474: 6466: 6262: 6257: 6221: 5995: 5801: 5780: 5765: 5712: 5664: 5577: 5428: 5188: 5180: 5096: 5049: 4797: 4565:

The three British territories totalled some 1.5 million people, about half of them

4510: 4396: 4345: 4221: 3976: 3802: 3792: 3485: 3294: 3223: 3215: 3086: 3064: 2605: 2455: 2259: 1906: 1816: 1764: 1630: 1475: 1389: 1278: 1225: 1028: 1023: 1018: 976: 900: 665: 539: 451: 47: 8701:

Aircraft Carriers: A History of Carrier Aviation and Its Influence on World Events

6063:

Indonesian casualties were estimated at 590 killed, 222 wounded and 771 captured.

5600:

platoon. The machine gun platoon was abolished, but the impending delivery of the

4557: 12113: 11763: 11200: 10879: 10829: 10824: 10794: 10632: 10253: 10193: 10132: 10126: 10054: 9934: 9838: 9820: 9471: 9393: 8699: 8567: 8318: 7777: 7705: 7135:

Indonesian Foreign Policy and the Dilemma of Dependence: From Sukarno to Soeharto

6763: 6502: 6217: 6126: 5982: 5841: 5797: 5744:

in 1965. The banner reads "Our womenfolk are ready to defend Malaysia. Long live

5727: 5701: 5656: 5597: 5593: 5545: 5532:

Winning the hearts and minds of the people (this was added several months later).

5427:

coast-line to intercept Indonesian insurgents. One of the two Commando Carriers,

5359:) did 12 month tours including 6 weeks jungle warfare training in West Malaysia. 5172: 5053: 4997: 4880: 4879:, the Indonesian foreign minister, was careful to explain to American ambassador 4868: 4636: 4588: 4584: 4216: 3957: 3832: 3732: 3692: 3525: 3285: 3242: 3110: 2595: 2475: 2249: 2149: 1714: 1419: 1409: 1356: 1333: 953: 91: 61: 9143: 8857: 6165:

who served in Sabah by constructing a 123.2-kilometre road between Keningau and

5283:

as Border Scouts under the command of Richard Noone and other officers from the

5227:

and in March 1967 Suharto was able to form a new cabinet that excluded Sukarno.

4871:

to Malaya. Consequently, Malaysia severed diplomatic ties with the Philippines.

12207: 11978: 11963: 11928: 11858: 11441: 10869: 10859: 10789: 10597: 10385: 10114: 10036: 9994: 9988: 9976: 9664: 9220: 6834: 6134: 6074:

All Indonesian military or police personnel involved in the conflict are given

5901: 5825: 5692: 5688: 5541: 5113: 4914: 4821: 4749: 4678: 4624: 3892: 3862: 3742: 3565: 3495: 3230: 3203: 1836: 1684: 1680: 1600: 1540: 1399: 775: 394: 174: 5407:

Patrols within Malaysia were supplied while in the field by RN Wessex and RAF

12233: 11743: 11613: 11608: 11346: 11301: 11052: 11032: 11017: 11012: 10977: 10912: 10889: 10819: 10799: 10602: 10391: 10367: 10265: 10259: 10157: 9525: 9411: 9381: 9151: 8865: 8524: 8374: 8294: 7950:"Australians at war: casualties as a result of service with Australian units" 6842: 6247: 6142: 5741: 5716: 5494: 5478: 5071:

Indonesia's expansion of the conflict to the Malaysian Peninsula sparked the

4864: 4729: 4573: 4506: 3545: 3219: 3207: 2715: 2420: 1969: 1580: 1530: 1255: 1040: 948: 763: 739: 629: 563: 432: 9021: 8198:

Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey; Morris, Ewan; Prior, Robin; Bou, Jean (2008).

7980:"Unit Information—2nd Squadron, Special Air Service Regiment, Confrontation" 5241: 12215: 11959:

2016 Hancur GST, Undur Najib, Undur Rosmah, Bebas Anwar, Hidup Rakyat rally

11481: 11306: 11147: 11115: 11075: 10982: 10864: 10235: 10078: 9952: 9603: 9573: 9356: 9214: 8900: 8809:

General Assembly 18th Session – the Question of Malaysia (pages:41–44)

8424: 7686:

Infantry Training Volume IV Tactics, The Infantry Battalion in Battle, 1963

6332: 6089: 5808: 5473:

A useful factor in the containment of the Indonesian forces was the use of

5458: 5392: 4938: 4710: 4632: 4451: 3535: 3465: 3428: 3246: 3210:) in September 1963. Vital precursors to the conflict included Indonesia's 3191: 2169: 2094: 1999: 1896: 1704: 513: 9898: 8012:(Government Regulation 17) (in Indonesian). Government of Indonesia. 1964. 4538:

In 1961, the island of Borneo was divided between four separate entities.

3297:. Coinciding with Sukarno announcing a 'year of dangerous living' and the 11516: 11396: 11391: 11221: 11139: 10884: 10874: 10779: 10542: 10537: 10485: 10355: 10000: 9796: 9730: 9537: 9387: 8384:

Up Top. the Royal Australian Navy and Southeast Asian Conflicts 1955–1972

8010:

Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 17 Tahun 1964 Tentang Satyalancana Wira Dharma

5905: 5330:

Australian soldiers being ferried in a small craft, from troop transport

5284: 5168: 5001: 4853: 4828: 4783:

Military history of Australia during the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation

3652: 3575: 3377: 1101: 501: 470: 375: 238: 9083:

Always a Commando : the life of Singapore army pioneer Clarence Tan

8569:

Rebellion in Brunei: The 1962 Revolt, Imperialism, Confrontation and Oil

5497:

which was linked directly to the RAF Far East Air Force headquarters at

11593: 11446: 10894: 9802: 9724: 9435: 9272: 8448:

The Undeclared War: The Story of the Indonesian Confrontation 1962–1966

6278:

Combat operations in 1965 during the Indonesian-Malaysian Confrontation

6273:

Combat operations in 1964 during the Indonesian-Malaysian Confrontation

6268:

Combat operations in 1963 during the Indonesian-Malaysian Confrontation

6044: 5565: 5498: 5301: 5297: 5161: 5057: 4988: 4977: 4849: 4813: 4779:

Combat operations in 1965 during the Indonesian-Malaysian Confrontation

4775:

Combat operations in 1964 during the Indonesian-Malaysian Confrontation

4771:

Combat operations in 1963 during the Indonesian-Malaysian Confrontation

4539: 4499: 3595: 3238: 3182:

The creation of Malaysia was a merger of the Federation of Malaya (now

2725: 1866: 1640: 1590: 1245: 1200: 1141: 653: 6690: 6688: 6669: 6667: 6665: 5517:

Unified operations (army, navy and air force operating fully together)

11496: 10854: 10849: 10774: 10217: 9970: 9790: 8940: 8429:

SAS: Phantoms of War: A History of the Australian Special Air Service

7869: 6225: 6202: 6182: 6130: 5618: 5348: 4876: 4671: 4596: 4592: 4522: 4479: 4475: 3605: 3555: 3505: 3408: 3306: 3187: 3164: 1670: 1650: 1308: 1298: 1165: 641: 617: 612: 255: 225: 11206: 8431:(Second ed.). St Leonards, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. 5588:. The support company had a mortar platoon with six medium mortars ( 11724: 11521: 11401: 11196: 10844: 10784: 10709: 9946: 7218: 6685: 6662: 6517:, p. 246, It was an outstanding victory, and it was a victory. 6158: 5481:

were able to intercept the Indonesian military communications. The

5176: 5129: 4930: 4725:

and Indonesian forces during the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation.

4644: 4611: 4455: 4439: 4423: 3387: 3168: 1114: 187: 8101:

The Makers of Modern Strategy: From Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age

8062:

Killing Hope: US Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II

6952:

The Genesis of Konfrontasi: Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, 1945–1965

6675:"Indonesian Confrontation, 1963–66 | Australian War Memorial" 3260:

The jungle terrain of Borneo and the lack of roads straddling the

11588: 11461: 11456: 10839: 8999:

The Genesis of Konfrontasi: Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia 1945–1965

6738: 6166: 5749: 5540:

Walker raised the Border Scouts, building on Harrison's force of

5396: 5235: 5231: 5141: 4934: 4842: 4733: 4698: 4607: 4435: 4392: 3475: 3314: 3254: 3176: 691: 605: 139: 125: 117: 8759:

Nothing Short of War: With the Australian Army in Borneo 1962–66

7881: 6812: 6810: 5864:

operations over the border before Claret from about early 1964.

5836: 4422:

Following the Indonesian crisis in 1958, which had included the

4419:

in getting its claim recognised by the international community.

11583: 11526: 11501: 11466: 7893: 7206: 7194: 7013: 7011: 6921: 6122: 6055:

at the end of the confrontation after their successful mission.

6040: 5849: 5601: 5482: 5246: 4902: 4889: 4714: 4640: 4591:

bordered British Borneo. The capital of the West Kalimantan is

4566: 4514: 4482:

was mildly supportive of the proposed federation, although the

4471: 3585: 3234: 2239: 1876: 1235: 828: 212: 95: 65: 7476: 7113: 11491: 11486: 8202:(Second ed.). South Melbourne: Oxford University Press. 7464: 7319: 7089: 6807: 6138: 5789:

filed their reports on the Crisis in Indonesia. According to

5462: 5416: 5412: 4606:

The equator lies about 160 kilometres (100 mi) south of

3455: 8883:

Jungle Conflict: The Durham Light Infantry in Borneo 1965–66

7008: 6564: 6562: 5564:

captain examines a Murut child whose parents have fled from

4863:

initially did not oppose the concept and even initiated the

7278: 5214:(PKI), and in the following weeks and months a campaign of 4737: 3157: 8740:

The Name of Brooke: The End of White Rajah Rule in Sarawak

8405:

Facing North: A Century of Australian Engagement with Asia

8320:

Britain's Secret War: The Indonesian Confrontation 1962–66

7905: 7536: 7512: 7500: 7230: 6890: 6888: 4976:

Meanwhile, the Indonesian armed forces led by Lt. General

4426:

rebellion in eastern Indonesia and the declaration of the

82:(3 years, 6 months, 3 weeks and 1 day) 7857: 7809: 7766: 7764: 7656: 7620: 7572: 7452: 7440: 7343: 7297: 7295: 7293: 7053: 6630: 6628: 6626: 6624: 6622: 6620: 6607: 6605: 6603: 6601: 6599: 6597: 6559: 6380: 6378: 6376: 6374: 5820: 5776: 5764:(psyops) in concert with the British military, to spread 5493:(GCHQ) listening stations in Singapore, one of which was 5165: 7797: 7184: 7182: 6900: 6771: 6595: 6593: 6591: 6589: 6587: 6585: 6583: 6581: 6579: 6577: 6437: 6435: 4505:

On 8 December 1962, the TNKU staged an insurrection—the

10433: 8238:

Britain and the Confrontation with Indonesia, 1960–1966

8145:(Second ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press. 7749: 7524: 7488: 7331: 7254: 6998: 6996: 6885: 6422: 6420: 6395: 6393: 5322:

Order of battle during Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation

4736:'s nationalist movement, together with Ahmad Zaidi, in 4407:. Indonesia was an important country in developing the 8723:. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. 7917: 7833: 7821: 7761: 7290: 7242: 7041: 7028: 7026: 6917: 6915: 6783: 6617: 6371: 5646:

report discussing the Indonesian political context of

8549:

Konfrontasi: The Indonesia-Malaysia Dispute 1963–1966

7845: 7737: 7668: 7644: 7632: 7608: 7596: 7560: 7428: 7386: 7179: 7077: 7065: 6981: 6969: 6861: 6574: 6432: 4583:

Kalimantan was divided into four provinces, of which

4428:

Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia

3281:

stationed then in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore.

8617:

S.B.S.: The Inside Story of the Special Boat Service

7548: 7266: 7101: 6993: 6849: 6652:

UK Armed Forces Operational deaths post World War II

6526: 6417: 6390: 5351:– a frigate or destroyer – was stationed off Tawau. 5000:(subsequently part of Malaysian Rangers) comprising 4989:

Expansion of the conflict to the Malaysian Peninsula

4944: 4893:

from a military perspective with the Tebedu attack.

930: 11759:

1969 Malaysian students pre-election demonstrations

9039:

Counter-Insurgency Operations. 1, Malaya and Borneo

8980:

The Rise and Fall of Communism in Sarawak 1940–1990

8200:

The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History

8084:. St Leonards, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. 7941: 7725: 7307: 7023: 6912: 6873: 6405: 5682: 4812:or Greater Malay, a concept that aims to unite the 4686:(CCO) or the Sarawak Communist Organisation (SCO). 3218:from March to August 1962 and the Indonesia-backed 3179:was deposed in 1966, the dispute ended peacefully. 9055: 8635: 8608:Brassey's Annual, the Armed Forces Year-Book, 1967 8589:British Counterinsurgency in the Post-imperial Era 8402: 8124:Kompassus – Inside Indonesia's Special Forces 7972: 7584: 6922:Hitoshi Hirakawa; Hiroshi Shimizu (24 June 1999). 6795: 4856:union spanning Malaya, Philippines and Indonesia. 4748:(or Kalimantan Utara) proposal was seen as a post- 4666:According to Vernon L. Porritt and Hong-Kah Fong, 4525:announced that Indonesia would pursue a policy of 11879:2013 anti-Jamalul Kiram III infiltration protests 9085:. Marshall Cavendish Editions. pp. 163–199. 7403: 7401: 12231: 10519: 8445: 8340:The British Way in Counter-Insurgency, 1945–1967 7699:Lashmar, Paul; Oliver, James (1 December 1998). 7482: 7224: 7200: 6079: 5723:memorandum of 1962 indicated that Macmillan and 5183:was a considerable deterrent to the Indonesians. 5140:in April 1965. Conventional follow-up forces of 5033: 4968: 4635:. Sarawak became a Crown colony, ruled from the 12084:1963 anti-Indonesia infiltration demonstrations 9125:(PhD thesis). National University of Singapore. 8778:Confrontation, The War with Indonesia 1962–1966 8040:) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 8018:. Archived from the original on 24 October 2021 6308:Indonesia–New Zealand relations#The Sukarno Era 5315: 8926:. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword. 8905:The Gunners: A History of Australian Artillery 8359:"CLARET Operations and Confrontation, 1964–66" 8162:Guerilla Warfare: from 1939 to the Present Day 7771:Lashmar, Paul; Oliver, James (16 April 2000). 7694: 7692: 7398: 6955:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 142. 6948: 5756:To weaken the regime, the UK Foreign Office's 4884:ministerial and summit level talks in Manila. 3167:'s opposition to the creation of the state of 11774:1970 PMUM vs PBMUM Papan Tanda demonstrations 11707: 11237: 10419: 9200: 8885:. Sunderland: Business Education Publishers. 8880: 8342:. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. 8197: 8164:. London: Orbis Book Publishing Corporation. 7770: 7698: 7017: 5300:. Luce was routinely replaced by Admiral Sir 5200:Sukarno, on his opinion of Ferdinand Marcos, 4929:endorsement of the proposed Malaysian state. 4363: 3128: 916: 8780:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military Press. 8775: 8761:. Brighton: Mostly Unsung Military History. 7935: 7875: 7542: 7518: 7506: 7284: 7212: 7095: 6759:"The lost wars: Britain's Malayan campaigns" 6514: 6495: 6452: 6450: 4450:Before the British government announced the 11599:Revolutionary Socialist Party (Netherlands) 11407:Central All-Indonesian Workers Organization 8591:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 8400: 7911: 7689: 6706: 6303:Military history of New Zealand in Malaysia 6129:, marking the victory during the battle in 4787: 11714: 11700: 11251: 11244: 11230: 10426: 10412: 9207: 9193: 8956: 8951:(Supplement). 21 April 1966. p. 4947. 8704:. Vol. II: 1946–2006. Potomac Books. 8446:James, Harold; Sheil-Small, Denis (1971). 8178: 7626: 7470: 7364:"Truth still a casualty of our secret war" 7349: 7325: 7032:Tun Hanif Omar. Merdeka and Malaysia Day. 6777: 6645: 6643: 6568: 5740:into Malaysia demonstration by a group of 5370:transport aircraft, probably two or three 4370: 4356: 3135: 3121: 923: 909: 11579:Calcutta Southeast Asian Youth Conference 10968:Calcutta Southeast Asian Youth Conference 9180:Scourge of Sukarno: the Gurkhas in Borneo 9099: 8996: 8742:. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press. 8586: 8551:. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press. 8474:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 8356: 8283:Taiwan Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 8103:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 7530: 7494: 7407: 7260: 7131: 6527:Andretta Schellinger (12 February 2016). 6478: 6447: 5936:Learn how and when to remove this message 4489:In Brunei, it was unclear whether Sultan 12037:1946–50 anti-cession movement of Sarawak 11839:2009 anti-Menteri Besar Terengganu rally 9118: 8961:. Britains-SmallWars.com. Archived from 8959:"Britains Small Wars – Plaman Mapu" 8610:. London: William Clowes & Sons Ltd. 6034: 5835: 5732: 5632: 5555: 5452: 5386: 5325: 5287:to counter the Indonesian infiltrations. 5274: 5240: 5160: 5100: 4992: 4837: 4688: 4618: 4556: 11954:2016 Muafakat Selamatkan Malaysia rally 11914:2015 Kita Lawan, May Day anti-GST rally 8977: 8921: 8815:Gelora Konfrontasi Mengganjang Malaysia 8718: 8656: 8605: 8254: 8216: 8159: 7923: 7887: 7851: 7839: 7827: 7803: 7674: 7650: 7301: 7248: 7236: 7047: 6789: 6756: 6658:. Ministry of Defence. 2015. p. 4. 6640: 6634: 6441: 6076:Northern Borneo Military Campaign Medal 5715:and then executed under Prime Minister 5270: 4705:The SCO was predominantly dominated by 4677:had been present among Sarawak's urban 3313:and Sukarno's loss of power to General 2706:1998–1999 Malaysia Nipah virus outbreak 114:Indonesia accepts formation of Malaysia 14: 12232: 12119:1993 Sultan of Kelantan demonstrations 12104:1974 Tasek Utara, Johor demonstrations 9080: 8899: 8839: 8820: 8697: 8675: 8633: 8614: 8546: 8423: 8337: 8316: 8235: 8140: 8121: 8098: 8036:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 7899: 7863: 7815: 7773:"How we lied to put a killer in power" 7755: 7743: 7662: 7638: 7614: 7602: 7578: 7554: 7458: 7446: 7434: 7392: 7361: 7337: 7188: 7158: 7119: 7083: 7071: 7059: 7002: 6987: 6975: 6867: 6855: 6744: 6611: 6426: 6411: 6399: 6384: 5491:Government Communications Headquarters 5391:Captured Indonesian infiltrators near 5210:the failed coup was attributed to the 5205:On the night of 30 September 1965, an 5064:(1 RNZIR) stationed near Malacca with 4382: 11894:2013 Ops Turun, anti-price hike rally 11849:2011 anti-Peaceful Assembly Act rally 11695: 11225: 10407: 9188: 9036: 8881:Harrison, Ralph; Heron, John (2007). 8756: 8737: 8659:British Military Operations 1945–1985 8565: 8503: 8464: 8179:Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey (1996). 7947:For Australian casualty figures see: 7374:from the original on 2 September 2006 7313: 7272: 7107: 6906: 6879: 6816: 6547:from the original on 15 February 2017 5156: 4533: 3305:. Australia and New Zealand deployed 904: 60:A British soldier is winched up by a 12144:2011 Gathering of a Million Faithful 11884:2013 KL 112, People’s Uprising rally 11794:1993 Malaysian constitutional crisis 11789:1988 Malaysian constitutional crisis 11784:1983 Malaysian constitutional crisis 11779:1971 Malaysian constitutional crisis 10737:Singapore Federation of Trade Unions 10648:Assassination of Abdul Rahman Hashim 9466:Regulator Movement in North Carolina 9129: 9020:. Historical Eye.com. Archived from 8957:Paul, James; Spirit, Martin (2008). 8513:New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies 8381: 8273: 8079: 8058: 7990:from the original on 23 October 2013 7731: 7590: 7566: 6894: 6801: 6456: 5884: 2996:2024 Ulu Tiram police station attack 12164:2015 Taman Medan anti-cross protest 11799:1998–2000s Reformasi demonstrations 11769:1969 PMUM Anti-Tunku demonstrations 11744:1946–47 anti-Malayan Union protests 11412:Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army 10688:Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army 9058:"Terror Bomb kills 2 Girls at Bank" 8982:. Victoria: Monash Asia Institute. 8680:(First ed.). London: Collins. 6757:McSmith, Andy (17 September 2011). 6125:in Tawau Confrontation Memorial in 5265: 5230:On 28 May 1966, at a conference in 5090: 5062:Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment 2796:2009 swine flu pandemic in Malaysia 24: 12052:2015 Sarawak for Sarawakians rally 12042:1966 Sarawak constitutional crisis 11080:Peace Declaration of Sri Aman 1973 10552:Commonwealth Military Involvement 10548:Special Operations Volunteer Force 9175:Britain's Small Wars – Borneo 8796: 8450:. Totowa: Rowman and Littlefield. 7162:The Army and Politics in Indonesia 6480:10.1111/j.1746-1049.2005.tb00956.x 6471:10.1111/j.1746-1049.2005.tb00956.x 5504: 4684:Clandestine Communist Organisation 3249:. Combat was usually conducted by 2636:Taufiqiah Al-Khairiah madrasa fire 2556:Japan Airlines Flight 715 incident 1078: 64:helicopter during an operation in 25: 12331: 12315:Wars involving the United Kingdom 11824:2008 Malaysian fuel hike protests 10608:Assassination of Sir Henry Gurney 9215:Colonial conflicts involving the 9168: 7713:from the original on 2 April 2015 5245:An Australian soldier manning an 4945:Ongoing campaign of infiltrations 2806:Attacks against places of worship 12320:Wars involving the United States 12240:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 11995:2009 Perak constitutional crisis 11723: 11675: 11563:North Kalimantan Communist Party 11422:North Kalimantan Communist Party 11362:1965–66 Indonesian mass killings 11286:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 11205: 11195: 11185: 11043:1975 AIA building hostage crisis 10742:North Kalimantan Communist Party 10693:Malayan National Liberation Army 10653:Assassination of Khoo Chong Kong 10491:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 10459: 10453: 9015: 8907:. St Leonards: Allen and Unwin. 8183:. St Leonards: Allen and Unwin. 8002: 7960:from the original on 2 July 2009 7929: 6209: 6197:"Monument to the victims of the 6190: 6174: 6150: 6114: 5889: 5683:British psychological operations 5179:, c 1965. The presence of these 4695:Indonesian National Armed Forces 4486:(PKI) was firmly opposed to it. 4339: 3349: 3149:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 3104: 2766:2006–2007 Southeast Asian floods 934:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 859: 848: 837: 821: 769: 757: 745: 733: 721: 709: 697: 685: 672: 659: 647: 635: 623: 611: 599: 581: 569: 557: 545: 533: 520: 507: 495: 483: 476: 464: 457: 445: 438: 426: 419: 407: 400: 388: 381: 369: 357: 345: 333: 321: 299: 287: 276: 265: 248: 231: 218: 205: 193: 180: 167: 80:20 January 1963 – 11 August 1966 54: 37:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 18:Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation 11939:2015 Shutdown Sungai Besi rally 11084:Peace Agreement of Hat Yai 1989 10993:Malaysia–Soviet Union relations 10988:Subramaniam v Public Prosecutor 9291:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland 8840:Easter, David (February 2005). 8323:. Men-at-Arms. Oxford: Osprey. 8126:. Jakarta: Equinox Publishing. 8051: 7680: 7408:Weinstein, Franklin B. (2009). 7355: 7152: 7132:Weinstein, Franklin B. (2007). 7125: 6942: 6750: 6520: 6253:Communist insurgency in Sarawak 6084:). And two Indonesian marines ( 5918:check for citation inaccuracies 5831: 5758:Information Research Department 5523:Speed, mobility and flexibility 5448: 5126:New Zealand Special Air Service 4647:for Sarawak. The predominantly 2626:Penang terminal bridge collapse 1611:Separation of Perlis from Kedah 12169:2015 Penang villagers protests 12094:1967 Teluk Gong demonstrations 11974:September 2019 climate strikes 11909:2015 Rakyat Hakim Negara rally 11643:The Year of Living Dangerously 9394:Father Rale's War/Dummer's War 7362:Forbes, Mark (23 March 2005). 6350: 6335:, the three separate entities 6325: 5813:Secretary of State for Defence 5461:consulting the terrain map of 5419:was also trialled under Major 5247:L7 General Purpose Machine Gun 4401:Indonesian National Revolution 4052:French and British interregnum 2536:Campbell Shopping Complex fire 13: 1: 12260:Military history of Singapore 12255:Military history of Indonesia 12250:Guided Democracy in Indonesia 12201:Sepuluh Tahun Sebelum Merdeka 12154:2012 Green Rally to Putrajaya 11028:Sarawak United Peoples' Party 9791:Black War (Van Diemen's Land) 9635:Castle Hill convict rebellion 9018:"The Gurkha battle in Borneo" 9001:. London: C. Hurst & Co. 8719:Pugsley, Christopher (2003). 8587:Mockaitis, Thomas R. (1995). 6823:The English Historical Review 6817:Jones, M. (1 November 1999). 6318: 5880: 5576:In about 1962, at the end of 5568:to Sarawak, the British have 5249:(GPMG) at a forward position. 4719:Sarawak United People's Party 4643:, which in turn dispatched a 4542:, comprising four Indonesian 4498:hinted at moral support, and 3320: 3175:. After Indonesian president 2746:2002 Taman Hillview landslide 1801:Japanese occupation of Malaya 1260: 1119: 12285:Indonesia–Malaysia relations 12270:History of the Royal Marines 12187:Student activism in Malaysia 12089:1964 race riots in Singapore 12047:Sarawak rainforest blockades 12000:2009 1BLACKMalaysia protests 11387:Socialist Party of Indonesia 11382:Communist Party of Indonesia 10658:Bombing of National Monument 8143:An Atlas of Australia's Wars 7483:James & Sheil-Small 1971 7225:James & Sheil-Small 1971 7201:James & Sheil-Small 1971 6533:. McFarland. pp. 152–. 6094:National Heroes of Indonesia 5867: 5738:Anti-Indonesian infiltration 5316:Commonwealth order of battle 5122:Special Air Service Regiment 5025:'Year of Living Dangerously' 4858:President of the Philippines 4484:Communist Party of Indonesia 3940:Kingdom of Bolaang Mongondow 3299:1964 race riots in Singapore 2986:2024 Lumut helicopters crash 2906:Kim Jong-nam's Assassination 2786:Bukit Antarabangsa landslide 2065:North Borneo self-governance 7: 11904:2014 May Day anti-GST rally 11844:2010 Water for People rally 11173:The Garden of Evening Mists 11157:The Garden of Evening Mists 9144:10.1080/0959231042000275588 9132:Small Wars and Insurgencies 8858:10.1080/1468274042000283144 8776:van der Bijl, Nick (2007). 8657:Pimlott, John, ed. (1984). 8638:The New Rulers of the World 8566:Majid, Harun Abdul (2007). 8401:Goldsworthy, David (2001). 8221:. London: Greenhill Books. 6747:, pp. 36–37 & 174. 6236: 6161:, Malaysian Borneo, to the 6157:A memorial in Ansip Ferry, 5721:Central Intelligence Agency 5697:Secret Intelligence Service 4764: 3447:Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms 3277:forces within the combined 2836:Genting Highlands bus crash 2816:Cameron Highlands bus crash 2516:AIA building hostage crisis 2486:Ligitan and Sipadan dispute 2435:Philippine militant attacks 2240:Federal Territory of Labuan 2170:Declaration of Rukun Negara 2160:National Operations Council 2125:Second communist insurgency 160:The Commonwealth of Nations 27:1963–1966 military conflict 10: 12336: 12305:Wars involving New Zealand 12174:2018 Seafield temple riots 12099:1974 Baling demonstrations 11934:2015 United People's rally 11417:South Seas Communist Party 11322:Action of 13 December 1964 10683:South Seas Communist Party 10308:Jewish revolt in Palestine 9953:Fenian Rebellion in Canada 9598:Dwyer's guerrilla campaign 9490:American Revolutionary War 9081:Squire, Thomas A. (2018). 8504:Kheng, Cheah Boon (2009). 7701:"How we destroyed Sukarno" 6928:. Routledge. p. 180. 6347:participated independently 6283:Far East Strategic Reserve 6163:Royal Australian Engineers 6099: 5467:Royal Australian Engineers 5399:on 29 October 1964 by the 5319: 5212:Indonesian Communist Party 5094: 5006:Royal Australian Air Force 4768: 4550:(later renamed Sabah) and 4121:United States of Indonesia 3958:Chinese Kongsi federations 3279:Far East Strategic Reserve 2966:2022 Batang Kali landslide 2280:Peace Agreement of Hat Yai 12182: 12159:2012 People's Lands rally 12076: 12060: 12029: 12008: 11987: 11889:2013 Blackout 505 rallies 11864:2012 Free Anwar 901 rally 11736: 11673: 11627: 11571: 11535: 11430: 11374: 11294: 11273: 11261: 11183: 11092: 11068: 11003:China–Singapore relations 10973:University Socialist Club 10960: 10903: 10761: 10750: 10732:Malaysian Communist Party 10675: 10580: 10469: 10449: 10142: 10079:Jameson Raid South Africa 9613: 9366: 9227: 8922:Jackson, Robert (2011) . 8825:. Brisbane: John Doohan. 8357:Gregorian, Raffi (1991). 7902:, pp. 187 & 196. 7890:, pp. 256 & 263. 7878:, pp. 174 & 224. 6501:Sejarah Indonesia : 6066: 6039:The withdrawal parade in 6018: 6007: 5994: 5981: 5961: 5956: 5953: 5950: 5401:Royal Australian Regiment 5216:imprisonment and lynching 5066:28 (Commonwealth) Brigade 4272:Javanese historical texts 3262:Indonesia–Malaysia border 2896:Movida Bar grenade attack 2646:Bright Sparklers disaster 2546:Sabah Air GAF Nomad crash 2526:National Monument bombing 2496:Kuala Lumpur flash floods 2290:Royal Immunity Amendments 2035:Singapore self-governance 1946:Crown Colony of N. Borneo 1561:Siamese invasion of Kedah 942: 827:140 killed (including 44 784: 311: 152: 72: 53: 41: 36: 12300:Wars involving Australia 12295:Wars involving Indonesia 12134:2009 cow's head protests 11919:2015 #TangkapNajib rally 11804:2001 Kampung Medan riots 11133:Apa Khabar Orang Kampung 10998:China–Malaysia relations 10290:Arab revolt in Palestine 9887:Second Anglo-Burmese War 9629:Second Anglo-Maratha War 9520:Australian frontier wars 8619:. London: Bounty Books. 8217:Dickens, Peter (2003) . 8082:Menzies in War and Peace 7122:, pp. 179–181, 188. 6835:10.1093/ehr/114.459.1179 6505:. Retrieved 30 May 2006. 6459:The Developing Economies 6243:British military history 6081:Satyalancana Wira Dharma 5762:psychological operations 5570:won the hearts of people 5562:Royal Army Medical Corps 5529:Domination of the jungle 5381:RAF Air Command Far East 5011:helicopter to guard the 4955:600 in a fortnight. The 4794:Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung 4788:Beginning of hostilities 4032:Dutch East India Company 3673:Samudera Pasai Sultanate 2916:Darul Quran madrasa fire 2736:2001 Kampung Medan riots 2656:Highland Towers collapse 2353:Pakatan Harapan takeover 1755:Unfederated Malay States 1347:Samudera Pasai Sultanate 12310:Wars involving Malaysia 12124:1998 Kampung Rawa riots 12021:1967 Penang Hartal riot 11924:2015 Low Yat Plaza riot 11899:2014 Red Pencil protest 11558:Malayan Communist Party 11543:Communist International 11327:Battle of Sungei Koemba 10705:Malayan Communist Party 10533:Background & causes 10284:Second Mohmand campaign 10019:Third Anglo-Burmese War 9983:Second Anglo-Afghan War 9785:First Anglo-Burmese War 9761:Third Anglo-Maratha War 9592:Fourth Anglo-Mysore War 9502:Second Anglo-Mysore War 9496:First Anglo-Maratha War 9119:Tan Ming, Jean (2011). 8698:Polmar, Norman (2008). 8547:Mackie, J.A.C. (1974). 8274:Fong, Hong-Kah (2005). 8255:Edwards, Peter (1992). 8160:Corbett, Robin (1986). 7984:Australian War Memorial 7954:Australian War Memorial 7159:Crouch, Harold (2007). 6949:Greg Poulgrain (1998). 6313:MacDonald House bombing 5910:. The reason given is: 5116:—including the British 5106:Queen's Own Highlanders 5045:Lockheed C-130 Hercules 4816:created by Sukarno and 4491:Omar Ali Saifuddien III 4399:as a conclusion of the 3212:policy of confrontation 3202:(collectively known as 2976:2023 Elmina plane crash 2956:2021-22 Malaysia floods 2936:2020-21 Malaysia floods 2926:2018 Subang Temple riot 2886:2015 Plaza Low Yat riot 2866:2014–15 Malaysia floods 2776:Bukit Gantang bus crash 2220:South China Sea dispute 2200:1977 Kelantan Emergency 2190:Federal Territory of KL 2085:Sarawak self-governance 1159:65,000–40,000 BCE 527:Omar Ali Saifuddien III 12245:20th-century conflicts 11949:2016 Keranda 152 rally 11829:2009 Keranda 152 rally 11754:1967 Keranda 152 rally 11749:1947 All-Malaya Hartal 11636:Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI 11254:Communism in Indonesia 10224:Third Anglo-Afghan War 10109:First Mohmand campaign 9833:First Anglo-Afghan War 9532:Third Anglo-Mysore War 9100:Subritzky, J. (2000). 8997:Poulgrain, G. (1998). 8978:Porritt, V.L. (2004). 8738:Reece, R.H.W. (1993). 8615:Parker, John (2005) . 8572:. London: I.B.Tauris. 8382:Grey, Jeffrey (1998). 8338:French, David (2011). 8240:. London: I.B.Tauris. 8236:Easter, David (2004). 8059:Blum, William (2003). 7627:Dennis & Grey 1996 7471:Dennis & Grey 1996 7414:. Equinox Publishing. 7350:Dennis & Grey 1996 7326:Dennis & Grey 1996 7165:. Equinox Publishing. 7138:. Equinox Publishing. 6778:Dennis & Grey 1996 6569:Dennis & Grey 1996 6080: 6056: 6053:Royal New Zealand Navy 5852: 5753: 5651: 5573: 5485:were decrypted by the 5470: 5404: 5357:Army Strategic Command 5338: 5288: 5250: 5203: 5184: 5109: 5034: 5016: 4969: 4910: 4845: 4702: 4562: 4405:First and Second World 4083:Emergence of Indonesia 3303:Army Strategic Command 3192:British Crown colonies 3158: 2586:1985 Lahad Datu ambush 2456:Brunei's Limbang claim 2300:Asian financial crisis 1887:Sandakan Death Marches 1735:Federated Malay States 1621:Crown Colony of Labuan 1083: 490:Stephen Kalong Ningkan 312:Commanders and leaders 12139:2009 anti-PPSMI rally 11969:2018 anti-ICERD rally 11964:2016 BERSIH 5.0 rally 11929:2015 BERSIH 4.0 rally 11874:2012 anti-Lynas rally 11869:2012 BERSIH 3.0 rally 11854:2011 BERSIH 2.0 rally 11809:2007 BERSIH 1.0 rally 11650:Puisi Tak Terkuburkan 11548:Brunei People's Party 11357:30 September Movement 10815:Abu Samah Mohd Kassim 10715:Revolutionary Faction 10618:Battle of Semur River 10613:Bukit Kepong Incident 10588:Sungai Siput Incident 10495:Communist insurgency 10436:Communism in Malaysia 9881:Second Anglo-Sikh War 9538:Cotiote (Wayanad) War 9424:French and Indian War 9041:. London: Ian Allan. 8821:Doohan, J.T. (2004). 8634:Pilger, John (2003). 8317:Fowler, Will (2006). 8141:Coates, John (2006). 6049:Royal Australian Navy 6038: 5839: 5819:Although the British 5736: 5641: 5627:105 mm Pack Howitzers 5559: 5456: 5390: 5376:Handley Page Hastings 5329: 5278: 5244: 5193: 5164: 5138:Battle of Plaman Mapu 5104: 4996: 4841: 4692: 4619:Sarawakian opposition 4560: 4138:Republic of Indonesia 4004:European colonization 3903:Riau-Lingga Sultanate 2826:Hulu Langat landslide 2506:Malaysian haze crisis 2270:Constitutional crisis 2105:Singapore in Malaysia 2095:Formation of Malaysia 1960:Anti-cession movement 1847:Parit Sulong Massacre 1326:Rise of Muslim states 1250:100 BCE–1474 CE 1082: 785:Casualties and losses 414:Pengiran Ahmad Raffae 44:formation of Malaysia 12275:Protests in Malaysia 12129:2007 Terengganu riot 11944:2016 anti-TPPA rally 11730:Protests in Malaysia 11604:Communism in Sumatra 11553:Kesatuan Melayu Muda 11312:Battle of Long Jawai 11060:Lambeth slavery case 10623:Batang Kali massacre 10504:Malaysia (1968-1989) 10043:Hunza–Nagar Campaign 9851:First Anglo-Sikh War 9827:Egyptian–Ottoman War 9104:. London: Palgrave. 8757:Smith, Neil (1999). 8676:Pocock, Tom (1973). 8122:Conboy, Ken (2003). 8080:Cain, Frank (1997). 6293:History of Indonesia 6216:Dwikora monument in 5655:moved underslung by 5465:(North Borneo) with 5281:Malaysian government 5271:Command arrangements 5221:anti-communist purge 5128:—as well as regular 5073:Sunda Straits Crisis 5035:Pasukan Gerak Tjepat 5030:Rapid Response Troop 4957:Battle of Long Jawai 4818:Kesatuan Melayu Muda 4655:, the first British 4629:Charles Vyner Brooke 4460:Federation of Malaya 4409:Non-Aligned Movement 4346:Indonesia portal 3967:Heshun Confederation 3883:Yogyakarta Sultanate 3813:Kalinyamat Sultanate 3783:Sultanate of Jailolo 3753:Sultanate of Ternate 3466:Tarumanagara Kingdom 3229:The conflict was an 3173:Federation of Malaya 3153:Borneo confrontation 2756:Indian Ocean tsunami 2446:Singapore race riots 2431:North Borneo dispute 2210:Pedra Branca dispute 2025:Malayan Independence 1980:Federation of Malaya 1745:Anglo-Siamese Treaty 1725:Mat Salleh Rebellion 1521:Dutch–Portuguese War 1240:100 BCE–642 CE 1192:11,000–200 BCE 142:continues until 1989 136:Communist insurgency 12109:1977 Kelantan riots 11979:2021 Lawan protests 11834:2009 anti-ISA rally 11819:2008 Black 14 rally 11664:The Look of Silence 11352:Three Souths Affair 10698:10th Malay Regiment 10643:Operation Coldstore 10450:Wars and incidents 10296:Waziristan campaign 10230:Waziristan campaign 9923:Revolt of Rajab Ali 9400:War of Jenkins' Ear 8534:on 20 December 2019 8304:on 24 December 2013 7866:, pp. 153–169. 7818:, pp. 154–155. 7785:on 13 November 2010 7665:, pp. 165–166. 7581:, pp. 159–160. 7473:, pp. 239–240. 7461:, pp. 158–161. 7449:, pp. 213–214. 7328:, pp. 232–233. 7239:, pp. 206–213. 7227:, pp. 148–150. 7215:, pp. 135–138. 7062:, pp. 174–175. 6909:, pp. 132–152. 6897:, pp. 183–192. 6503:"The Sukarno Years" 6298:History of Malaysia 6092:) were honoured as 5846:Imperial War Museum 5770:Chinese Indonesians 5606:Vickers machine gun 5586:self-loading rifles 5310:General Tunku Osman 5118:Special Air Service 4965:Navy Commando Corps 4852:, a non-political, 4432:Civil Air Transport 4417:UN General Assembly 4383:Political situation 4111:National Revolution 4101:Japanese occupation 3987:Santiaogou Republic 3853:Palembang Sultanate 3773:Sultanate of Tidore 3643:Peureulak Sultanate 3576:Dharmasraya Kingdom 3290:infiltration forces 3184:Peninsular Malaysia 3111:Malaysia portal 2946:LRT train collision 2716:Al-Ma'unah incident 2696:Tropical Storm Greg 2180:New Economic Policy 2017:Independence period 1857:Battle of Singapore 1551:Straits Settlements 1486:Kubang Pasu Kingdom 1205:500 – 200 BCE 364:Abdul Razak Hussein 11814:2007 HINDRAF rally 11657:The Act of Killing 11628:In popular culture 11512:Marco Kartodikromo 11125:The Last Communist 11103:(1953 documentary) 11093:In popular culture 10805:Mokhtaruddin Lasso 10663:Operation Spectrum 10170:Bambatha Rebellion 10085:Anglo-Zanzibar War 10073:Chitral Expedition 10007:Anglo-Egyptian War 9779:Anglo-Ashanti wars 9484:Lord Dunmore's War 9442:Anglo-Cherokee War 9351:King William's War 9037:Smith, E. (1985). 8948:The London Gazette 8465:Jones, M. (2002). 8363:Conflict Quarterly 7018:Dennis et al. 2008 6829:(459): 1179–1216. 6169:from 1964 to 1966. 6057: 5853: 5786:The New York Times 5760:(IRD) coordinated 5754: 5652: 5592:until replaced by 5582:light machine guns 5574: 5487:Intelligence Corps 5471: 5405: 5372:Blackburn Beverley 5344:Police Field Force 5339: 5289: 5251: 5185: 5157:Easing of tensions 5110: 5040:landing at Pontian 5021:Dwi Komando Rakyat 5017: 5009:Bell UH-1 Iroquois 4923:Tunku Abdul Rahman 4898:Cobbold Commission 4861:Diosdado Macapagal 4846: 4709:but also included 4703: 4661:Ahmad Zaidi Adruce 4563: 4534:People and terrain 4445:Act of Free Choice 4413:Bandung Conference 4190:1998–present 4091:National Awakening 3921:Christian kingdoms 3887:1755–present 3877:1745–present 3873:Surakarta Sunanate 3843:Kingdom of Kaimana 3797:1526–present 3763:Sultanate of Bacan 3683:Pagaruyung Kingdom 3624:Islamic sultanates 3516:Shailendra Dynasty 2686:Pos Dipang mudflow 2466:Penang Hartal riot 2310:Reformasi Movement 2055:Sarawak Insurgency 1775:Kelantan rebellion 1695:Jementah Civil War 1601:Kingdom of Sarawak 1571:Anglo-Dutch Treaty 1511:Portuguese Malacca 1443:Selangor Sultanate 1092:Prehistoric period 1084: 352:Tunku Abdul Rahman 12265:History of Borneo 12227: 12226: 12149:2012 Orange rally 12114:1985 Memali riots 12016:1867 Penang riots 11764:13 May 1969 riots 11689: 11688: 11619:Japanese Red Army 11370: 11369: 11281:Malayan Emergency 11219: 11218: 11109:A Piece of Ribbon 11038:Japanese Red Army 10956: 10955: 10671: 10670: 10628:Operation Termite 10576: 10575: 10556:Southern Rhodesia 10401: 10400: 10332:Malayan Emergency 10242:Malabar rebellion 10103:Siege of Malakand 10049:Anglo-Manipur War 9905:Anglo-Persian War 9454:Anglo-Spanish War 9406:King George's War 9327:King Philip's War 9303:Anglo-Spanish War 9111:978-0-312-22784-5 9066:The Straits Times 9008:978-1-85065-510-7 8989:978-1-876924-27-0 8914:978-1-86373-917-7 8892:978-1-901888-55-3 8832:978-0-646-43718-7 8813:Anonymous. 1964. 8787:978-1-84415-595-8 8768:978-1-876179-07-6 8749:978-0-19-580474-4 8687:978-0-00-211295-6 8668:978-0-86124-147-7 8661:. London: Bison. 8642:. London: Verso. 8558:978-0-19-638247-0 8481:978-0-521-80111-9 8457:978-0-87471-074-8 8438:978-1-86508-647-7 8393:978-1-86448-290-4 8266:978-1-86373-184-3 8247:978-1-85043-623-2 8209:978-0-19-551784-2 8190:978-1-86373-302-1 8171:978-0-85613-469-2 8152:978-0-19-555914-9 7936:van der Bijl 2007 7876:van der Bijl 2007 7806:, pp. 39–55. 7758:, pp. 33–34. 7569:, pp. 57–58. 7543:van der Bijl 2007 7519:van der Bijl 2007 7507:van der Bijl 2007 7421:978-602-8397-45-2 7340:, pp. 83–84. 7285:van der Bijl 2007 7213:van der Bijl 2007 7098:, pp. 80–85. 7096:van der Bijl 2007 6962:978-1-85065-513-8 6935:978-1-134-65174-0 6700:nzhistory.govt.nz 6540:978-0-7864-9771-3 6515:van der Bijl 2007 6414:, pp. 11, 41 6387:, pp. 93–95. 6288:History of Brunei 6033: 6032: 5946: 5945: 5938: 5768:casting the PKI, 5665:Claret operations 5639: 5566:Indonesian Borneo 5526:Security of bases 5511:Malayan Emergency 5181:strategic bombers 4983:Operation Trikora 4833:Sultanate of Sulu 4810:Greater Indonesia 4657:High Commissioner 4521:Foreign Minister 4380: 4379: 4194: 4193: 4146:Liberal democracy 4129: 4128: 4074: 4073: 4062:Dutch East Indies 3995: 3994: 3948: 3947: 3930:Larantuka Kingdom 3911: 3910: 3823:Mataram Sultanate 3723:Cirebon Sultanate 3703:Malacca Sultanate 3663:Ternate Sultanate 3614: 3613: 3596:Singhasari Empire 3590:1000s–1300s 3556:Kahuripan Kingdom 3437: 3436: 3288:. Over time, the 3145: 3144: 3004: 3003: 2666:Genting landslide 2616:Ming Court Affair 2404: 2403: 2383:Bornean Amendment 2363:COVID-19 pandemic 2320:H1N1 flu pandemic 2228: 2133: 2132: 2115:ASEAN Declaration 2008: 2007: 1990:Malayan Emergency 1915: 1914: 1783: 1782: 1494: 1493: 1433:Sarawak Sultanate 1410:Pattani Sultanate 1370:Malacca Sultanate 1317: 1316: 1263:100 CE–1025 1209: 1208: 1049: 1048: 899: 898: 552:Alec Douglas-Home 340:Ismail Nasiruddin 328:Tuanku Syed Putra 148: 147: 16:(Redirected from 12327: 12068:1986 Sabah riots 11728: 11727: 11716: 11709: 11702: 11693: 11692: 11683: 11682:Communism portal 11679: 11507:Kamaruzaman Sjam 11472:Amir Sjarifuddin 11452:Siauw Giok Tjhan 11434: 11342:Operation Claret 11337:Battle of Babang 11332:Battle of Kindau 11317:Landing at Labis 11271: 11270: 11265: 11255: 11246: 11239: 11232: 11223: 11222: 11213: 11212:Singapore portal 11209: 11203: 11199: 11193: 11192:Communism portal 11189: 11101:Operation Malaya 11069:Peace agreements 11008:Barisan Sosialis 10949: 10944: 10939: 10934: 10929: 10924: 10919: 10835:Suriani Abdullah 10810:Kamarulzaman Teh 10759: 10758: 10754: 10638:The Templer Plan 10593:Death of Lau Yew 10525: 10517: 10516: 10481:Malayan campaign 10473: 10467: 10466: 10463: 10457: 10443: 10437: 10428: 10421: 10414: 10405: 10404: 10350:Cyprus Emergency 10176:Maritz rebellion 10164:Tibet expedition 10097:Benin Expedition 9917:Indian Rebellion 9911:Second Opium War 9893:Eureka Rebellion 9869:British Honduras 9845:New Zealand Wars 9430:Seven Years' War 9376:Queen Anne's War 9209: 9202: 9195: 9186: 9185: 9163: 9126: 9115: 9096: 9077: 9075: 9073: 9062: 9052: 9033: 9031: 9029: 9024:on 15 March 2010 9012: 8993: 8974: 8972: 8970: 8953: 8952: 8937: 8918: 8896: 8877: 8846:Cold War History 8836: 8791: 8772: 8753: 8734: 8715: 8691: 8672: 8653: 8641: 8630: 8611: 8602: 8583: 8562: 8543: 8541: 8539: 8533: 8527:. Archived from 8510: 8500: 8498: 8496: 8490: 8484:. Archived from 8473: 8461: 8442: 8420: 8408: 8397: 8378: 8353: 8334: 8313: 8311: 8309: 8303: 8297:. Archived from 8280: 8270: 8251: 8232: 8213: 8194: 8175: 8156: 8137: 8118: 8095: 8076: 8046: 8045: 8035: 8027: 8025: 8023: 8013: 8006: 8000: 7999: 7997: 7995: 7976: 7970: 7969: 7967: 7965: 7945: 7939: 7933: 7927: 7921: 7915: 7912:Goldsworthy 2001 7909: 7903: 7897: 7891: 7885: 7879: 7873: 7867: 7861: 7855: 7849: 7843: 7837: 7831: 7825: 7819: 7813: 7807: 7801: 7795: 7794: 7792: 7790: 7781:. Archived from 7768: 7759: 7753: 7747: 7741: 7735: 7729: 7723: 7722: 7720: 7718: 7696: 7687: 7684: 7678: 7672: 7666: 7660: 7654: 7648: 7642: 7636: 7630: 7624: 7618: 7612: 7606: 7600: 7594: 7588: 7582: 7576: 7570: 7564: 7558: 7552: 7546: 7540: 7534: 7528: 7522: 7516: 7510: 7504: 7498: 7492: 7486: 7480: 7474: 7468: 7462: 7456: 7450: 7444: 7438: 7432: 7426: 7425: 7405: 7396: 7390: 7384: 7383: 7381: 7379: 7359: 7353: 7347: 7341: 7335: 7329: 7323: 7317: 7311: 7305: 7299: 7288: 7282: 7276: 7270: 7264: 7258: 7252: 7246: 7240: 7234: 7228: 7222: 7216: 7210: 7204: 7198: 7192: 7186: 7177: 7176: 7156: 7150: 7149: 7129: 7123: 7117: 7111: 7105: 7099: 7093: 7087: 7081: 7075: 7069: 7063: 7057: 7051: 7045: 7039: 7030: 7021: 7015: 7006: 7000: 6991: 6985: 6979: 6973: 6967: 6966: 6946: 6940: 6939: 6919: 6910: 6904: 6898: 6892: 6883: 6877: 6871: 6865: 6859: 6853: 6847: 6846: 6814: 6805: 6799: 6793: 6787: 6781: 6775: 6769: 6768: 6754: 6748: 6742: 6736: 6735: 6733: 6731: 6726:on 26 March 2023 6725: 6719:. Archived from 6718: 6710: 6704: 6703: 6692: 6683: 6682: 6671: 6660: 6659: 6657: 6647: 6638: 6632: 6615: 6609: 6572: 6566: 6557: 6556: 6554: 6552: 6524: 6518: 6512: 6506: 6499: 6493: 6492: 6482: 6454: 6445: 6439: 6430: 6424: 6415: 6409: 6403: 6397: 6388: 6382: 6359: 6354: 6348: 6329: 6263:Cold War in Asia 6258:Operation Claret 6222:North Kalimantan 6213: 6194: 6178: 6154: 6143:Malaysian Borneo 6118: 6083: 5996:New Zealand Army 5948: 5947: 5941: 5934: 5930: 5927: 5921: 5893: 5892: 5885: 5802:Andrew Gilchrist 5781:Associated Press 5766:black propaganda 5713:Harold Macmillan 5687:The role of the 5640: 5578:National Service 5266:Counter-measures 5201: 5189:Ferdinand Marcos 5171:bomber lands at 5097:Operation Claret 5091:Operation Claret 5037: 4972: 4911:Ganyang Malaysia 4746:North Kalimantan 4511:Sultan of Brunei 4397:Dutch New Guinea 4372: 4365: 4358: 4344: 4343: 4342: 4156:Guided Democracy 4142: 4141: 4087: 4086: 4008: 4007: 3977:Lanfang Republic 3963: 3962: 3926: 3925: 3847:1600s–1926 3837:1528s–1877 3803:Banjar Sultanate 3793:Banten Sultanate 3777:1500s–1967 3693:Brunei Sultanate 3629: 3628: 3606:Majapahit Empire 3506:Srivijaya Empire 3486:Kalingga Kingdom 3452: 3451: 3419:Toba catastrophe 3402:94,000–12,000 BP 3373: 3372: 3353: 3343: 3325: 3324: 3295:Operation Claret 3224:Cold War in Asia 3216:Dutch New Guinea 3161: 3137: 3130: 3123: 3109: 3108: 3107: 2876:Sabah earthquake 2417: 2416: 2400: 2373:Political crisis 2347: 2330:Sedition Dragnet 2260:Operation Lalang 2234: 2222: 2146: 2145: 2021: 2020: 1928: 1927: 1924:Formative period 1907:Jesselton revolt 1827:Bornean Campaign 1817:Malayan campaign 1796: 1795: 1765:Battle of Penang 1631:Pahang Civil War 1507: 1506: 1450: 1427: 1390:Pahang Sultanate 1364: 1357:Brunei Sultanate 1341: 1330: 1329: 1262: 1222: 1221: 1199: 1188: 1177: 1153: 1129: 1121: 1113: 1097: 1096: 1072: 1054: 1053: 987:Singapore Strait 937: 935: 925: 918: 911: 902: 901: 864: 863: 862: 853: 852: 851: 842: 841: 840: 826: 825: 824: 805:Civilians Total: 774: 773: 772: 762: 761: 760: 750: 749: 748: 738: 737: 736: 726: 725: 724: 714: 713: 712: 702: 701: 700: 690: 689: 688: 681: 677: 676: 675: 666:Eddy Martadinata 664: 663: 662: 652: 651: 650: 640: 639: 638: 628: 627: 626: 616: 615: 604: 603: 602: 586: 585: 584: 574: 573: 572: 562: 561: 560: 550: 549: 548: 540:Harold Macmillan 538: 537: 536: 529: 525: 524: 523: 512: 511: 510: 500: 499: 498: 488: 487: 486: 481: 480: 479: 469: 468: 467: 462: 461: 460: 452:Peter Lo Sui Yin 450: 449: 448: 443: 442: 441: 431: 430: 429: 424: 423: 422: 412: 411: 410: 405: 404: 403: 393: 392: 391: 386: 385: 384: 374: 373: 372: 362: 361: 360: 350: 349: 348: 338: 337: 336: 326: 325: 324: 304: 303: 302: 292: 291: 290: 281: 280: 279: 270: 269: 268: 261:Aligned parties: 254: 252: 251: 237: 235: 234: 224: 222: 221: 211: 209: 208: 198: 197: 196: 186: 184: 183: 173: 171: 170: 74: 73: 58: 48:Cold War in Asia 34: 33: 21: 12335: 12334: 12330: 12329: 12328: 12326: 12325: 12324: 12230: 12229: 12228: 12223: 12178: 12072: 12056: 12025: 12004: 11983: 11732: 11722: 11720: 11690: 11685: 11681: 11669: 11623: 11567: 11531: 11432: 11426: 11366: 11290: 11263: 11257: 11253: 11250: 11220: 11215: 11211: 11202:Malaysia portal 11201: 11191: 11179: 11165:The New Village 11088: 11064: 10952: 10947: 10942: 10937: 10932: 10927: 10923:Wen Ming Chyuan 10922: 10917: 10905: 10899: 10830:S. A. Ganapathy 10795:Ahmad Boestamam 10767: 10765: 10763: 10752: 10746: 10667: 10633:Pipeline Ambush 10572: 10523: 10521: 10515: 10471: 10458: 10452: 10451: 10445: 10441: 10435: 10432: 10402: 10397: 10338:Kenya Emergency 10144: 10138: 10133:Second Boer War 10127:Boxer Rebellion 10055:Pahang Uprising 9935:Ambela campaign 9857:Río de la Plata 9839:First Opium War 9821:Aden Expedition 9653:Río de la Plata 9615: 9609: 9580:Irish Rebellion 9472:First Carib War 9368: 9362: 9285:Confederate War 9279:Irish Rebellion 9229: 9223: 9213: 9171: 9166: 9112: 9093: 9071: 9069: 9060: 9049: 9027: 9025: 9009: 8990: 8968: 8966: 8941: 8934: 8915: 8893: 8833: 8799: 8797:Further reading 8794: 8788: 8769: 8750: 8731: 8712: 8688: 8669: 8650: 8627: 8599: 8580: 8559: 8537: 8535: 8531: 8508: 8494: 8492: 8491:on 20 July 2021 8488: 8482: 8471: 8458: 8439: 8417: 8394: 8350: 8331: 8307: 8305: 8301: 8278: 8267: 8248: 8229: 8210: 8191: 8172: 8153: 8134: 8111: 8092: 8073: 8054: 8049: 8029: 8028: 8021: 8019: 8016:"Archived copy" 8014: 8008: 8007: 8003: 7993: 7991: 7978: 7977: 7973: 7963: 7961: 7948: 7946: 7942: 7934: 7930: 7922: 7918: 7910: 7906: 7898: 7894: 7886: 7882: 7874: 7870: 7862: 7858: 7850: 7846: 7838: 7834: 7826: 7822: 7814: 7810: 7802: 7798: 7788: 7786: 7778:The Independent 7769: 7762: 7754: 7750: 7742: 7738: 7730: 7726: 7716: 7714: 7706:The Independent 7697: 7690: 7685: 7681: 7673: 7669: 7661: 7657: 7649: 7645: 7637: 7633: 7625: 7621: 7613: 7609: 7601: 7597: 7589: 7585: 7577: 7573: 7565: 7561: 7553: 7549: 7541: 7537: 7529: 7525: 7517: 7513: 7505: 7501: 7493: 7489: 7481: 7477: 7469: 7465: 7457: 7453: 7445: 7441: 7433: 7429: 7422: 7406: 7399: 7391: 7387: 7377: 7375: 7360: 7356: 7348: 7344: 7336: 7332: 7324: 7320: 7312: 7308: 7300: 7291: 7283: 7279: 7271: 7267: 7259: 7255: 7247: 7243: 7235: 7231: 7223: 7219: 7211: 7207: 7199: 7195: 7187: 7180: 7173: 7157: 7153: 7146: 7130: 7126: 7118: 7114: 7106: 7102: 7094: 7090: 7082: 7078: 7070: 7066: 7058: 7054: 7046: 7042: 7038:. 8 April 2007. 7031: 7024: 7016: 7009: 7001: 6994: 6986: 6982: 6974: 6970: 6963: 6947: 6943: 6936: 6920: 6913: 6905: 6901: 6893: 6886: 6878: 6874: 6866: 6862: 6854: 6850: 6815: 6808: 6800: 6796: 6788: 6784: 6776: 6772: 6764:The Independent 6755: 6751: 6743: 6739: 6729: 6727: 6723: 6716: 6712: 6711: 6707: 6694: 6693: 6686: 6673: 6672: 6663: 6655: 6649: 6648: 6641: 6633: 6618: 6610: 6575: 6567: 6560: 6550: 6548: 6541: 6525: 6521: 6513: 6509: 6500: 6496: 6455: 6448: 6440: 6433: 6425: 6418: 6410: 6406: 6398: 6391: 6383: 6372: 6363: 6362: 6355: 6351: 6330: 6326: 6321: 6239: 6234: 6233: 6232: 6229: 6218:Nunukan Regency 6214: 6205: 6195: 6186: 6179: 6170: 6155: 6146: 6127:Sabah, Malaysia 6119: 6108: 6107: 6102: 6069: 5983:Australian Army 5976: 5972: 5965: 5942: 5931: 5925: 5922: 5915: 5894: 5890: 5883: 5870: 5842:M1 Garand rifle 5834: 5807:In April 2000, 5798:Norman Reddaway 5728:John F. Kennedy 5702:The Independent 5685: 5633: 5609:rifle company. 5598:assault pioneer 5546:Sarawak Rangers 5507: 5505:British tactics 5459:Murut tribesman 5451: 5324: 5318: 5273: 5268: 5202: 5199: 5173:RAF Butterworth 5159: 5099: 5093: 4998:Sarawak Rangers 4991: 4947: 4881:Howard P. Jones 4869:successor state 4827:Similarly, the 4798:West New Guinea 4790: 4785: 4769:Main articles: 4767: 4723:Bruneian rebels 4637:Colonial Office 4621: 4612:mangrove forest 4589:West Kalimantan 4585:East Kalimantan 4536: 4385: 4376: 4340: 4338: 4333: 4332: 4331: 4329: 4241: 4233: 4232: 4231: 4206: 4196: 4195: 4180:1967–1998 4170:1966–1967 4160:1959–1966 4150:1950–1959 4139: 4131: 4130: 4125:1949–1950 4115:1945–1949 4105:1942–1945 4095:1908–1942 4084: 4076: 4075: 4070: 4069:1945–1949 4068: 4067:1800–1942 4056:1806–1816 4046:1685–1824 4036:1602–1799 4026:1521–1677 4016:1512–1850 4005: 3997: 3996: 3991:1777–1853 3981:1777–1884 3971:1776–1854 3960: 3950: 3949: 3923: 3913: 3912: 3907:1824–1911 3897:1814–1946 3867:1725–1946 3857:1659–1823 3833:Johor Sultanate 3827:1586–1755 3817:1527–1599 3807:1526–1863 3787:1496–1903 3767:1515–1946 3757:1486–1914 3747:1496–1903 3737:1475–1554 3733:Demak Sultanate 3727:1445–1677 3717:1405–1851 3707:1400–1511 3697:1368–1888 3687:1347–1833 3677:1267–1521 3667:1257–1914 3657:1225–1613 3633:Spread of Islam 3626: 3616: 3615: 3610:1293–1527 3600:1222–1292 3580:1183–1347 3570:1045–1221 3560:1019–1045 3526:Mataram Kingdom 3449: 3439: 3438: 3370: 3341: 3334: 3323: 3286:Indonesian Army 3243:Malay Peninsula 3141: 3105: 3103: 3098: 3097: 3096: 3059: 3051: 3050: 3049: 3014: 3006: 3005: 2676:MH2133 incident 2606:Sabah Emergency 2596:Memali Incident 2476:13 May Incident 2414: 2406: 2405: 2398: 2345: 2250:Memali incident 2232: 2150:13 May incident 2143: 2135: 2134: 2018: 2010: 2009: 1925: 1917: 1916: 1810: 1807: 1793: 1785: 1784: 1715:Pahang Uprising 1504: 1503:Colonial period 1496: 1495: 1448: 1425: 1420:Johor Sultanate 1362: 1339: 1334:Kedah Sultanate 1327: 1319: 1318: 1303:700s–1025 1219: 1211: 1210: 1201:Neolithic Klang 1197: 1189:Perak man/woman 1186: 1178:Bewah man/woman 1175: 1151: 1127: 1115:Lenggong Valley 1111: 1094: 1070: 1063: 1052: 1051: 1050: 1045: 938: 933: 931: 929: 876: 868: 867:several wounded 866: 860: 858: 857: 855: 849: 847: 846: 844: 838: 836: 834: 832: 822: 820: 819: 792:Military Total: 780: 770: 768: 758: 756: 746: 744: 734: 732: 722: 720: 716:Wen Ming Chyuan 710: 708: 698: 696: 686: 684: 673: 671: 670: 660: 658: 648: 646: 636: 634: 624: 622: 610: 600: 598: 592: 582: 580: 570: 568: 558: 556: 546: 544: 534: 532: 521: 519: 518: 508: 506: 496: 494: 484: 482: 477: 475: 465: 463: 458: 456: 446: 444: 439: 437: 427: 425: 420: 418: 408: 406: 401: 399: 389: 387: 382: 380: 370: 368: 358: 356: 346: 344: 334: 332: 322: 320: 300: 298: 296: 288: 286: 277: 275: 274: 266: 264: 263: 259: 249: 247: 243: 232: 230: 219: 217: 206: 204: 194: 192: 181: 179: 168: 166: 98: 92:Malay Peninsula 81: 62:Westland Wessex 59: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12333: 12323: 12322: 12317: 12312: 12307: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12287: 12282: 12277: 12272: 12267: 12262: 12257: 12252: 12247: 12242: 12225: 12224: 12222: 12221: 12213: 12209:Malaysian Gods 12205: 12197: 12193:The Big Durian 12189: 12183: 12180: 12179: 12177: 12176: 12171: 12166: 12161: 12156: 12151: 12146: 12141: 12136: 12131: 12126: 12121: 12116: 12111: 12106: 12101: 12096: 12091: 12086: 12080: 12078: 12074: 12073: 12071: 12070: 12064: 12062: 12058: 12057: 12055: 12054: 12049: 12044: 12039: 12033: 12031: 12027: 12026: 12024: 12023: 12018: 12012: 12010: 12006: 12005: 12003: 12002: 11997: 11991: 11989: 11985: 11984: 11982: 11981: 11976: 11971: 11966: 11961: 11956: 11951: 11946: 11941: 11936: 11931: 11926: 11921: 11916: 11911: 11906: 11901: 11896: 11891: 11886: 11881: 11876: 11871: 11866: 11861: 11859:Occupy Dataran 11856: 11851: 11846: 11841: 11836: 11831: 11826: 11821: 11816: 11811: 11806: 11801: 11796: 11791: 11786: 11781: 11776: 11771: 11766: 11761: 11756: 11751: 11746: 11740: 11738: 11734: 11733: 11719: 11718: 11711: 11704: 11696: 11687: 11686: 11674: 11671: 11670: 11668: 11667: 11660: 11653: 11646: 11639: 11631: 11629: 11625: 11624: 11622: 11621: 11616: 11611: 11606: 11601: 11596: 11591: 11586: 11581: 11575: 11573: 11572:Related topics 11569: 11568: 11566: 11565: 11560: 11555: 11550: 11545: 11539: 11537: 11533: 11532: 11530: 11529: 11524: 11519: 11514: 11509: 11504: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11484: 11479: 11474: 11469: 11464: 11459: 11454: 11449: 11444: 11442:Henk Sneevliet 11438: 11436: 11428: 11427: 11425: 11424: 11419: 11414: 11409: 11404: 11399: 11394: 11389: 11384: 11378: 11376: 11372: 11371: 11368: 11367: 11365: 11364: 11359: 11354: 11349: 11344: 11339: 11334: 11329: 11324: 11319: 11314: 11309: 11304: 11298: 11296: 11292: 11291: 11289: 11288: 11283: 11277: 11275: 11268: 11259: 11258: 11249: 11248: 11241: 11234: 11226: 11217: 11216: 11184: 11181: 11180: 11178: 11177: 11169: 11161: 11153: 11145: 11137: 11129: 11121: 11113: 11105: 11096: 11094: 11090: 11089: 11087: 11086: 11081: 11078: 11072: 11070: 11066: 11065: 11063: 11062: 11057: 11056: 11055: 11050: 11045: 11035: 11030: 11025: 11020: 11015: 11010: 11005: 11000: 10995: 10990: 10985: 10980: 10975: 10970: 10964: 10962: 10961:Related topics 10958: 10957: 10954: 10953: 10951: 10950: 10945: 10943:Wong Lieng Kui 10940: 10935: 10930: 10925: 10920: 10918:Yang Chu Chung 10915: 10909: 10907: 10901: 10900: 10898: 10897: 10892: 10887: 10882: 10877: 10872: 10870:Lim Chin Siong 10867: 10862: 10860:Fong Chong Pik 10857: 10852: 10847: 10842: 10837: 10832: 10827: 10822: 10817: 10812: 10807: 10802: 10797: 10792: 10790:Shamsiah Fakeh 10787: 10782: 10777: 10771: 10769: 10756: 10748: 10747: 10745: 10744: 10739: 10734: 10729: 10724: 10723: 10722: 10712: 10707: 10702: 10701: 10700: 10690: 10685: 10679: 10677: 10673: 10672: 10669: 10668: 10666: 10665: 10660: 10655: 10650: 10645: 10640: 10635: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10600: 10598:Labis Incident 10595: 10590: 10584: 10582: 10578: 10577: 10574: 10573: 10571: 10570: 10569: 10568: 10563: 10558: 10550: 10545: 10540: 10535: 10529: 10527: 10514: 10513: 10512: 10511: 10506: 10501: 10493: 10488: 10483: 10477: 10475: 10464: 10447: 10446: 10431: 10430: 10423: 10416: 10408: 10399: 10398: 10396: 10395: 10389: 10383: 10377: 10371: 10365: 10359: 10353: 10347: 10341: 10335: 10329: 10323: 10317: 10311: 10305: 10299: 10293: 10287: 10281: 10278:Barzani revolt 10275: 10269: 10263: 10257: 10251: 10245: 10239: 10233: 10227: 10221: 10215: 10209: 10203: 10197: 10191: 10185: 10179: 10173: 10167: 10161: 10155: 10148: 10146: 10140: 10139: 10137: 10136: 10130: 10124: 10118: 10115:Tirah campaign 10112: 10106: 10100: 10094: 10088: 10082: 10076: 10070: 10064: 10058: 10052: 10046: 10040: 10034: 10028: 10025:Central Africa 10022: 10016: 10010: 10004: 9998: 9995:First Boer War 9992: 9986: 9980: 9977:Anglo-Zulu War 9974: 9968: 9962: 9956: 9950: 9944: 9938: 9932: 9926: 9920: 9914: 9908: 9902: 9896: 9890: 9884: 9878: 9872: 9866: 9860: 9854: 9848: 9842: 9836: 9830: 9824: 9818: 9812: 9806: 9800: 9794: 9788: 9782: 9776: 9770: 9764: 9758: 9752: 9746: 9740: 9734: 9728: 9722: 9716: 9710: 9704: 9698: 9692: 9686: 9680: 9674: 9668: 9665:Froberg mutiny 9662: 9656: 9650: 9644: 9638: 9632: 9626: 9619: 9617: 9611: 9610: 9608: 9607: 9601: 9595: 9589: 9583: 9577: 9571: 9565: 9559: 9553: 9547: 9541: 9535: 9529: 9523: 9517: 9511: 9505: 9499: 9493: 9487: 9481: 9475: 9469: 9463: 9457: 9451: 9445: 9439: 9433: 9427: 9421: 9415: 9409: 9403: 9397: 9391: 9385: 9379: 9372: 9370: 9364: 9363: 9361: 9360: 9354: 9348: 9345:Williamite War 9342: 9336: 9330: 9324: 9318: 9312: 9306: 9300: 9294: 9288: 9282: 9276: 9270: 9264: 9258: 9252: 9246: 9240: 9233: 9231: 9225: 9224: 9221:British Empire 9212: 9211: 9204: 9197: 9189: 9183: 9182: 9177: 9170: 9169:External links 9167: 9165: 9164: 9127: 9116: 9110: 9097: 9092:978-9814779319 9091: 9078: 9053: 9047: 9034: 9013: 9007: 8994: 8988: 8975: 8954: 8938: 8932: 8919: 8913: 8897: 8891: 8878: 8837: 8831: 8818: 8811: 8806: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8792: 8786: 8773: 8767: 8754: 8748: 8735: 8729: 8716: 8710: 8695: 8692: 8686: 8673: 8667: 8654: 8648: 8631: 8625: 8612: 8603: 8597: 8584: 8578: 8563: 8557: 8544: 8519:(1): 132–152. 8501: 8480: 8462: 8456: 8443: 8437: 8421: 8415: 8398: 8392: 8379: 8354: 8348: 8335: 8329: 8314: 8289:(1): 183–192. 8271: 8265: 8252: 8246: 8233: 8227: 8214: 8208: 8195: 8189: 8176: 8170: 8157: 8151: 8138: 8132: 8119: 8109: 8096: 8090: 8077: 8071: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8047: 8001: 7971: 7940: 7928: 7916: 7914:, p. 342. 7904: 7892: 7880: 7868: 7856: 7844: 7842:, p. 263. 7832: 7830:, p. 153. 7820: 7808: 7796: 7760: 7748: 7746:, p. 168. 7736: 7734:, p. 195. 7724: 7688: 7679: 7667: 7655: 7643: 7641:, p. 215. 7631: 7629:, p. 204. 7619: 7617:, p. 168. 7607: 7605:, p. 192. 7595: 7583: 7571: 7559: 7547: 7535: 7531:Gregorian 1991 7523: 7511: 7499: 7495:Mockaitis 1995 7487: 7475: 7463: 7451: 7439: 7437:, p. 215. 7427: 7420: 7397: 7395:, p. 333. 7385: 7354: 7352:, p. 307. 7342: 7330: 7318: 7306: 7304:, p. 255. 7289: 7287:, p. 165. 7277: 7275:, p. 272. 7265: 7261:Gregorian 1991 7253: 7251:, p. 319. 7241: 7229: 7217: 7205: 7203:, p. 146. 7193: 7191:, p. 161. 7178: 7171: 7151: 7144: 7124: 7112: 7110:, p. 154. 7100: 7088: 7086:, p. 170. 7076: 7074:, p. 173. 7064: 7052: 7050:, p. 260. 7040: 7022: 7020:, p. 152. 7007: 6992: 6990:, p. 153. 6980: 6978:, p. 113. 6968: 6961: 6941: 6934: 6911: 6899: 6884: 6872: 6870:, p. 102. 6860: 6848: 6806: 6794: 6792:, p. 306. 6782: 6770: 6749: 6737: 6705: 6684: 6679:www.awm.gov.au 6661: 6639: 6637:, p. 349. 6616: 6614:, p. 806. 6573: 6571:, p. 318. 6558: 6539: 6519: 6507: 6494: 6465:(1): 489–513. 6446: 6444:, p. 124. 6431: 6429:, p. 129. 6416: 6404: 6402:, p. 156. 6389: 6369: 6361: 6360: 6349: 6323: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6316: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6238: 6235: 6231: 6230: 6215: 6208: 6206: 6196: 6189: 6187: 6181:A memorial in 6180: 6173: 6171: 6156: 6149: 6147: 6120: 6113: 6110: 6109: 6105: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6068: 6065: 6031: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6016: 6015: 6012: 6009: 6005: 6004: 6001: 5998: 5992: 5991: 5988: 5985: 5979: 5978: 5973: 5969: 5959: 5958: 5955: 5952: 5944: 5943: 5898:This section 5897: 5895: 5888: 5882: 5879: 5869: 5866: 5833: 5830: 5826:Cabinet Office 5791:Roland Challis 5710:Prime Minister 5693:Foreign Office 5689:United Kingdom 5684: 5681: 5572:in the border. 5534: 5533: 5530: 5527: 5524: 5521: 5518: 5506: 5503: 5450: 5447: 5415:hovercraft at 5413:Westland SR.N5 5368:Single Pioneer 5320:Main article: 5317: 5314: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5225:new government 5207:attempted coup 5197: 5158: 5155: 5114:special forces 5095:Main article: 5092: 5089: 5056:launched from 4990: 4987: 4946: 4943: 4915:United Nations 4822:Ibrahim Yaacob 4789: 4786: 4766: 4763: 4750:decolonisation 4707:ethnic Chinese 4653:Duncan Stewart 4625:Raj of Sarawak 4620: 4617: 4535: 4532: 4496:Abdul Nasution 4411:, hosting the 4384: 4381: 4378: 4377: 4375: 4374: 4367: 4360: 4352: 4349: 4348: 4335: 4334: 4327: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4305: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4243: 4242: 4239: 4238: 4235: 4234: 4230: 4229: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4208: 4207: 4202: 4201: 4198: 4197: 4192: 4191: 4188: 4182: 4181: 4178: 4172: 4171: 4168: 4162: 4161: 4158: 4152: 4151: 4148: 4140: 4137: 4136: 4133: 4132: 4127: 4126: 4123: 4117: 4116: 4113: 4107: 4106: 4103: 4097: 4096: 4093: 4085: 4082: 4081: 4078: 4077: 4072: 4071: 4066: 4064: 4058: 4057: 4054: 4048: 4047: 4044: 4038: 4037: 4034: 4028: 4027: 4024: 4018: 4017: 4014: 4006: 4003: 4002: 3999: 3998: 3993: 3992: 3989: 3983: 3982: 3979: 3973: 3972: 3969: 3961: 3956: 3955: 3952: 3951: 3946: 3945: 3942: 3936: 3935: 3932: 3924: 3919: 3918: 3915: 3914: 3909: 3908: 3905: 3899: 3898: 3895: 3893:Deli Sultanate 3889: 3888: 3885: 3879: 3878: 3875: 3869: 3868: 3865: 3863:Siak Sultanate 3859: 3858: 3855: 3849: 3848: 3845: 3839: 3838: 3835: 3829: 3828: 3825: 3819: 3818: 3815: 3809: 3808: 3805: 3799: 3798: 3795: 3789: 3788: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3775: 3769: 3768: 3765: 3759: 3758: 3755: 3749: 3748: 3745: 3743:Aceh Sultanate 3739: 3738: 3735: 3729: 3728: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3715: 3713:Sulu Sultanate 3709: 3708: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3695: 3689: 3688: 3685: 3679: 3678: 3675: 3669: 3668: 3665: 3659: 3658: 3655: 3649: 3648: 3647:840–1292 3645: 3639: 3638: 3637:800–1600 3635: 3627: 3622: 3621: 3618: 3617: 3612: 3611: 3608: 3602: 3601: 3598: 3592: 3591: 3588: 3586:Pannai Kingdom 3582: 3581: 3578: 3572: 3571: 3568: 3566:Kediri Kingdom 3562: 3561: 3558: 3552: 3551: 3550:932–1579 3548: 3542: 3541: 3540:914–1908 3538: 3532: 3531: 3530:716–1016 3528: 3522: 3521: 3518: 3512: 3511: 3508: 3502: 3501: 3498: 3496:Melayu Kingdom 3492: 3491: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3478: 3472: 3471: 3468: 3462: 3461: 3458: 3450: 3445: 3444: 3441: 3440: 3435: 3434: 3431: 3425: 3424: 3421: 3415: 3414: 3412: 3404: 3403: 3400: 3394: 3393: 3390: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3371: 3366: 3365: 3362: 3361: 3355: 3354: 3346: 3345: 3336: 3335: 3328: 3322: 3319: 3231:undeclared war 3204:British Borneo 3143: 3142: 3140: 3139: 3132: 3125: 3117: 3114: 3113: 3100: 3099: 3095: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3083: 3082: 3072: 3067: 3061: 3060: 3057: 3056: 3053: 3052: 3048: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3025:Constitutional 3022: 3020:Communications 3016: 3015: 3012: 3011: 3008: 3007: 3002: 3001: 2998: 2992: 2991: 2988: 2982: 2981: 2978: 2972: 2971: 2968: 2962: 2961: 2958: 2952: 2951: 2948: 2942: 2941: 2938: 2932: 2931: 2928: 2922: 2921: 2918: 2912: 2911: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2898: 2892: 2891: 2888: 2882: 2881: 2878: 2872: 2871: 2868: 2862: 2861: 2858: 2852: 2851: 2848: 2846:MH370 incident 2842: 2841: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2828: 2822: 2821: 2818: 2812: 2811: 2808: 2802: 2801: 2798: 2792: 2791: 2788: 2782: 2781: 2778: 2772: 2771: 2768: 2762: 2761: 2758: 2752: 2751: 2748: 2742: 2741: 2738: 2732: 2731: 2728: 2722: 2721: 2718: 2712: 2711: 2708: 2702: 2701: 2698: 2692: 2691: 2688: 2682: 2681: 2678: 2672: 2671: 2668: 2662: 2661: 2658: 2652: 2651: 2648: 2642: 2641: 2638: 2632: 2631: 2628: 2622: 2621: 2618: 2612: 2611: 2608: 2602: 2601: 2598: 2592: 2591: 2588: 2582: 2581: 2578: 2572: 2571: 2568: 2566:MH653 incident 2562: 2561: 2558: 2552: 2551: 2548: 2542: 2541: 2538: 2532: 2531: 2528: 2522: 2521: 2518: 2512: 2511: 2508: 2502: 2501: 2498: 2492: 2491: 2488: 2482: 2481: 2478: 2472: 2471: 2468: 2462: 2461: 2458: 2452: 2451: 2448: 2442: 2441: 2438: 2427: 2426: 2423: 2415: 2412: 2411: 2408: 2407: 2402: 2401: 2395: 2389: 2388: 2385: 2379: 2378: 2375: 2369: 2368: 2365: 2359: 2358: 2355: 2349: 2348: 2342: 2336: 2335: 2332: 2326: 2325: 2322: 2316: 2315: 2312: 2306: 2305: 2302: 2296: 2295: 2292: 2286: 2285: 2282: 2276: 2275: 2272: 2266: 2265: 2262: 2256: 2255: 2252: 2246: 2245: 2242: 2236: 2235: 2229: 2216: 2215: 2212: 2206: 2205: 2202: 2196: 2195: 2192: 2186: 2185: 2182: 2176: 2175: 2172: 2166: 2165: 2162: 2156: 2155: 2152: 2144: 2141: 2140: 2137: 2136: 2131: 2130: 2127: 2121: 2120: 2117: 2111: 2110: 2107: 2101: 2100: 2097: 2091: 2090: 2087: 2081: 2080: 2077: 2071: 2070: 2067: 2061: 2060: 2057: 2051: 2050: 2047: 2041: 2040: 2037: 2031: 2030: 2027: 2019: 2016: 2015: 2012: 2011: 2006: 2005: 2002: 1996: 1995: 1992: 1986: 1985: 1982: 1976: 1975: 1972: 1966: 1965: 1962: 1956: 1955: 1952: 1942: 1941: 1938: 1926: 1923: 1922: 1919: 1918: 1913: 1912: 1909: 1903: 1902: 1899: 1893: 1892: 1889: 1883: 1882: 1879: 1873: 1872: 1869: 1863: 1862: 1859: 1853: 1852: 1849: 1843: 1842: 1839: 1837:Battle of Muar 1833: 1832: 1829: 1823: 1822: 1819: 1813: 1812: 1808: 1799: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1787: 1786: 1781: 1780: 1777: 1771: 1770: 1767: 1761: 1760: 1757: 1751: 1750: 1747: 1741: 1740: 1737: 1731: 1730: 1727: 1721: 1720: 1717: 1711: 1710: 1707: 1701: 1700: 1697: 1691: 1690: 1687: 1681:British Malaya 1677: 1676: 1673: 1667: 1666: 1663: 1661:Pangkor Treaty 1657: 1656: 1653: 1647: 1646: 1643: 1637: 1636: 1633: 1627: 1626: 1623: 1617: 1616: 1613: 1607: 1606: 1603: 1597: 1596: 1593: 1587: 1586: 1583: 1577: 1576: 1573: 1567: 1566: 1563: 1557: 1556: 1553: 1547: 1546: 1543: 1541:Pahang Kingdom 1537: 1536: 1533: 1527: 1526: 1523: 1517: 1516: 1513: 1505: 1502: 1501: 1498: 1497: 1492: 1491: 1488: 1482: 1481: 1478: 1472: 1471: 1468: 1462: 1461: 1458: 1452: 1451: 1445: 1439: 1438: 1435: 1429: 1428: 1422: 1416: 1415: 1412: 1406: 1405: 1402: 1400:Aceh Sultanate 1396: 1395: 1392: 1386: 1385: 1382: 1380:Sulu Sultanate 1376: 1375: 1372: 1366: 1365: 1359: 1353: 1352: 1349: 1343: 1342: 1336: 1328: 1325: 1324: 1321: 1320: 1315: 1314: 1311: 1305: 1304: 1301: 1295: 1294: 1291: 1285: 1284: 1283:170–1135 1281: 1275: 1274: 1271: 1265: 1264: 1258: 1252: 1251: 1248: 1242: 1241: 1238: 1232: 1231: 1228: 1220: 1218:Early kingdoms 1217: 1216: 1213: 1212: 1207: 1206: 1203: 1194: 1193: 1190: 1183: 1182: 1179: 1172: 1171: 1169: 1161: 1160: 1157: 1148: 1147: 1145: 1137: 1136: 1133: 1131:Mansuli Valley 1124: 1123: 1122:2,000,0000 BCE 1117: 1108: 1107: 1105: 1095: 1090: 1089: 1086: 1085: 1075: 1074: 1065: 1064: 1057: 1047: 1046: 1044: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1000: 999: 994: 989: 984: 979: 968: 967: 956: 951: 943: 940: 939: 928: 927: 920: 913: 905: 897: 896: 895: 894: 891: 888: 878: 818: 817: 814: 811: 802: 801: 798: 787: 786: 782: 781: 779: 778: 776:Yassin Affandi 766: 754: 742: 730: 718: 706: 694: 682: 668: 656: 644: 632: 620: 608: 595: 593: 591: 590: 578: 566: 554: 542: 530: 516: 504: 492: 473: 454: 435: 416: 397: 395:Mustapha Harun 378: 366: 354: 342: 330: 317: 314: 313: 309: 308: 244: 242: 241: 228: 215: 202: 190: 177: 175:United Kingdom 163: 155: 154: 150: 149: 146: 145: 144: 143: 133: 115: 104: 100: 99: 90: 88: 84: 83: 78: 70: 69: 51: 50: 39: 38: 32: 31: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12332: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12293: 12291: 12288: 12286: 12283: 12281: 12278: 12276: 12273: 12271: 12268: 12266: 12263: 12261: 12258: 12256: 12253: 12251: 12248: 12246: 12243: 12241: 12238: 12237: 12235: 12220: 12218: 12214: 12212: 12210: 12206: 12204: 12202: 12198: 12196: 12194: 12190: 12188: 12185: 12184: 12181: 12175: 12172: 12170: 12167: 12165: 12162: 12160: 12157: 12155: 12152: 12150: 12147: 12145: 12142: 12140: 12137: 12135: 12132: 12130: 12127: 12125: 12122: 12120: 12117: 12115: 12112: 12110: 12107: 12105: 12102: 12100: 12097: 12095: 12092: 12090: 12087: 12085: 12082: 12081: 12079: 12075: 12069: 12066: 12065: 12063: 12059: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12043: 12040: 12038: 12035: 12034: 12032: 12028: 12022: 12019: 12017: 12014: 12013: 12011: 12007: 12001: 11998: 11996: 11993: 11992: 11990: 11986: 11980: 11977: 11975: 11972: 11970: 11967: 11965: 11962: 11960: 11957: 11955: 11952: 11950: 11947: 11945: 11942: 11940: 11937: 11935: 11932: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11922: 11920: 11917: 11915: 11912: 11910: 11907: 11905: 11902: 11900: 11897: 11895: 11892: 11890: 11887: 11885: 11882: 11880: 11877: 11875: 11872: 11870: 11867: 11865: 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11837: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11827: 11825: 11822: 11820: 11817: 11815: 11812: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11800: 11797: 11795: 11792: 11790: 11787: 11785: 11782: 11780: 11777: 11775: 11772: 11770: 11767: 11765: 11762: 11760: 11757: 11755: 11752: 11750: 11747: 11745: 11742: 11741: 11739: 11735: 11731: 11726: 11717: 11712: 11710: 11705: 11703: 11698: 11697: 11694: 11684: 11678: 11672: 11666: 11665: 11661: 11659: 11658: 11654: 11652: 11651: 11647: 11645: 11644: 11640: 11638: 11637: 11633: 11632: 11630: 11626: 11620: 11617: 11615: 11614:Brunei Revolt 11612: 11610: 11609:Domino theory 11607: 11605: 11602: 11600: 11597: 11595: 11592: 11590: 11587: 11585: 11582: 11580: 11577: 11576: 11574: 11570: 11564: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11554: 11551: 11549: 11546: 11544: 11541: 11540: 11538: 11534: 11528: 11525: 11523: 11520: 11518: 11515: 11513: 11510: 11508: 11505: 11503: 11500: 11498: 11495: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11485: 11483: 11480: 11478: 11475: 11473: 11470: 11468: 11465: 11463: 11460: 11458: 11455: 11453: 11450: 11448: 11445: 11443: 11440: 11439: 11437: 11435: 11429: 11423: 11420: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11408: 11405: 11403: 11400: 11398: 11395: 11393: 11390: 11388: 11385: 11383: 11380: 11379: 11377: 11375:Organisations 11373: 11363: 11360: 11358: 11355: 11353: 11350: 11348: 11347:Battle of Bau 11345: 11343: 11340: 11338: 11335: 11333: 11330: 11328: 11325: 11323: 11320: 11318: 11315: 11313: 11310: 11308: 11305: 11303: 11302:Madiun Affair 11300: 11299: 11297: 11293: 11287: 11284: 11282: 11279: 11278: 11276: 11272: 11269: 11267:and incidents 11266: 11260: 11256: 11247: 11242: 11240: 11235: 11233: 11228: 11227: 11224: 11214: 11208: 11204: 11198: 11194: 11188: 11182: 11176: 11174: 11170: 11168: 11166: 11162: 11160: 11158: 11154: 11152: 11150: 11146: 11144: 11142: 11138: 11136: 11134: 11130: 11128: 11126: 11122: 11120: 11118: 11114: 11112: 11110: 11106: 11104: 11102: 11098: 11097: 11095: 11091: 11085: 11082: 11079: 11077: 11074: 11073: 11071: 11067: 11061: 11058: 11054: 11053:Laju incident 11051: 11049: 11046: 11044: 11041: 11040: 11039: 11036: 11034: 11033:Bidong Island 11031: 11029: 11026: 11024: 11023:Siddiq Ghouse 11021: 11019: 11018:Chia Thye Poh 11016: 11014: 11013:Brunei Revolt 11011: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11001: 10999: 10996: 10994: 10991: 10989: 10986: 10984: 10981: 10979: 10978:Domino theory 10976: 10974: 10971: 10969: 10966: 10965: 10963: 10959: 10948:Cheung Ah Wah 10946: 10941: 10936: 10931: 10928:Yap Choon Hau 10926: 10921: 10916: 10914: 10913:Bong Kee Chok 10911: 10910: 10908: 10902: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10890:P. Veerasenan 10888: 10886: 10883: 10881: 10878: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10868: 10866: 10863: 10861: 10858: 10856: 10853: 10851: 10848: 10846: 10843: 10841: 10838: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10828: 10826: 10823: 10821: 10818: 10816: 10813: 10811: 10808: 10806: 10803: 10801: 10800:Rashid Maidin 10798: 10796: 10793: 10791: 10788: 10786: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10776: 10773: 10772: 10770: 10760: 10757: 10755: 10749: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10721: 10718: 10717: 10716: 10713: 10711: 10708: 10706: 10703: 10699: 10696: 10695: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10684: 10681: 10680: 10678: 10676:Organisations 10674: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10651: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10603:Penang Ambush 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10585: 10583: 10579: 10567: 10564: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10554: 10553: 10551: 10549: 10546: 10544: 10541: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10531: 10530: 10528: 10526: 10518: 10510: 10507: 10505: 10502: 10500: 10497: 10496: 10494: 10492: 10489: 10487: 10484: 10482: 10479: 10478: 10476: 10474: 10468: 10465: 10462: 10456: 10448: 10444: 10438: 10429: 10424: 10422: 10417: 10415: 10410: 10409: 10406: 10393: 10390: 10387: 10384: 10381: 10378: 10375: 10372: 10369: 10366: 10363: 10360: 10357: 10354: 10351: 10348: 10345: 10342: 10339: 10336: 10333: 10330: 10327: 10324: 10321: 10318: 10315: 10312: 10309: 10306: 10303: 10300: 10297: 10294: 10291: 10288: 10285: 10282: 10279: 10276: 10273: 10270: 10267: 10266:Ikhwan revolt 10264: 10261: 10258: 10255: 10252: 10249: 10246: 10243: 10240: 10237: 10234: 10231: 10228: 10225: 10222: 10219: 10216: 10213: 10210: 10207: 10204: 10201: 10198: 10195: 10192: 10189: 10186: 10183: 10180: 10177: 10174: 10171: 10168: 10165: 10162: 10159: 10156: 10153: 10150: 10149: 10147: 10141: 10134: 10131: 10128: 10125: 10122: 10119: 10116: 10113: 10110: 10107: 10104: 10101: 10098: 10095: 10092: 10089: 10086: 10083: 10080: 10077: 10074: 10071: 10068: 10065: 10062: 10059: 10056: 10053: 10050: 10047: 10044: 10041: 10038: 10035: 10032: 10029: 10026: 10023: 10020: 10017: 10014: 10011: 10008: 10005: 10002: 9999: 9996: 9993: 9990: 9987: 9984: 9981: 9978: 9975: 9972: 9969: 9966: 9963: 9960: 9957: 9954: 9951: 9948: 9945: 9942: 9939: 9936: 9933: 9930: 9927: 9924: 9921: 9918: 9915: 9912: 9909: 9906: 9903: 9900: 9897: 9894: 9891: 9888: 9885: 9882: 9879: 9876: 9873: 9870: 9867: 9864: 9861: 9858: 9855: 9852: 9849: 9846: 9843: 9840: 9837: 9834: 9831: 9828: 9825: 9822: 9819: 9816: 9813: 9810: 9807: 9804: 9801: 9798: 9795: 9792: 9789: 9786: 9783: 9780: 9777: 9774: 9771: 9768: 9765: 9762: 9759: 9756: 9753: 9750: 9747: 9744: 9741: 9738: 9735: 9732: 9729: 9726: 9723: 9720: 9717: 9714: 9713:Spice Islands 9711: 9708: 9705: 9702: 9699: 9696: 9693: 9690: 9687: 9684: 9681: 9678: 9675: 9672: 9671:Santo Domingo 9669: 9666: 9663: 9660: 9657: 9654: 9651: 9648: 9645: 9642: 9639: 9636: 9633: 9630: 9627: 9624: 9621: 9620: 9618: 9612: 9605: 9602: 9599: 9596: 9593: 9590: 9587: 9584: 9581: 9578: 9575: 9572: 9569: 9566: 9563: 9560: 9557: 9554: 9551: 9548: 9545: 9542: 9539: 9536: 9533: 9530: 9527: 9524: 9521: 9518: 9515: 9512: 9509: 9506: 9503: 9500: 9497: 9494: 9491: 9488: 9485: 9482: 9479: 9476: 9473: 9470: 9467: 9464: 9461: 9460:Pontiac's War 9458: 9455: 9452: 9449: 9446: 9443: 9440: 9437: 9434: 9431: 9428: 9425: 9422: 9419: 9416: 9413: 9412:Carnatic Wars 9410: 9407: 9404: 9401: 9398: 9395: 9392: 9389: 9386: 9383: 9382:Tuscarora War 9380: 9377: 9374: 9373: 9371: 9365: 9358: 9355: 9352: 9349: 9346: 9343: 9340: 9337: 9334: 9331: 9328: 9325: 9322: 9319: 9316: 9313: 9310: 9307: 9304: 9301: 9298: 9295: 9292: 9289: 9286: 9283: 9280: 9277: 9274: 9271: 9268: 9265: 9262: 9259: 9256: 9253: 9250: 9247: 9244: 9241: 9238: 9235: 9234: 9232: 9226: 9222: 9218: 9210: 9205: 9203: 9198: 9196: 9191: 9190: 9187: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9172: 9161: 9157: 9153: 9149: 9145: 9141: 9138:(3): 89–111. 9137: 9133: 9128: 9124: 9123: 9117: 9113: 9107: 9103: 9098: 9094: 9088: 9084: 9079: 9068: 9067: 9059: 9054: 9050: 9048:9780711014626 9044: 9040: 9035: 9023: 9019: 9016:Rees, Simon. 9014: 9010: 9004: 9000: 8995: 8991: 8985: 8981: 8976: 8965:on 9 May 2012 8964: 8960: 8955: 8950: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8935: 8933:9781848845558 8929: 8925: 8920: 8916: 8910: 8906: 8902: 8901:Horner, David 8898: 8894: 8888: 8884: 8879: 8875: 8871: 8867: 8863: 8859: 8855: 8851: 8847: 8843: 8838: 8834: 8828: 8824: 8819: 8816: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8801: 8789: 8783: 8779: 8774: 8770: 8764: 8760: 8755: 8751: 8745: 8741: 8736: 8732: 8730:9780195584530 8726: 8722: 8717: 8713: 8711:9781574886658 8707: 8703: 8702: 8696: 8693: 8689: 8683: 8679: 8674: 8670: 8664: 8660: 8655: 8651: 8649:9781859844120 8645: 8640: 8639: 8632: 8628: 8626:9780753712979 8622: 8618: 8613: 8609: 8604: 8600: 8598:9780719039195 8594: 8590: 8585: 8581: 8579:9780857716231 8575: 8571: 8570: 8564: 8560: 8554: 8550: 8545: 8530: 8526: 8522: 8518: 8514: 8507: 8502: 8487: 8483: 8477: 8470: 8469: 8463: 8459: 8453: 8449: 8444: 8440: 8434: 8430: 8426: 8425:Horner, David 8422: 8418: 8416:9780522850086 8412: 8407: 8406: 8399: 8395: 8389: 8385: 8380: 8376: 8372: 8368: 8364: 8360: 8355: 8351: 8349:9780199587964 8345: 8341: 8336: 8332: 8330:9781846030482 8326: 8322: 8321: 8315: 8300: 8296: 8292: 8288: 8284: 8277: 8272: 8268: 8262: 8258: 8253: 8249: 8243: 8239: 8234: 8230: 8228:9781853675737 8224: 8220: 8215: 8211: 8205: 8201: 8196: 8192: 8186: 8182: 8177: 8173: 8167: 8163: 8158: 8154: 8148: 8144: 8139: 8135: 8133:9789799589880 8129: 8125: 8120: 8117: 8112: 8110:9780691027647 8106: 8102: 8097: 8093: 8091:9781864485738 8087: 8083: 8078: 8074: 8072:9781842773697 8068: 8065:. Zed Books. 8064: 8063: 8057: 8056: 8043: 8039: 8033: 8017: 8011: 8005: 7989: 7985: 7981: 7975: 7959: 7955: 7951: 7944: 7937: 7932: 7926:, p. 99. 7925: 7920: 7913: 7908: 7901: 7896: 7889: 7884: 7877: 7872: 7865: 7860: 7854:, p. 72. 7853: 7848: 7841: 7836: 7829: 7824: 7817: 7812: 7805: 7800: 7784: 7780: 7779: 7774: 7767: 7765: 7757: 7752: 7745: 7740: 7733: 7728: 7712: 7708: 7707: 7702: 7695: 7693: 7683: 7677:, p. 97. 7676: 7671: 7664: 7659: 7653:, p. 95. 7652: 7647: 7640: 7635: 7628: 7623: 7616: 7611: 7604: 7599: 7593:, p. 55. 7592: 7587: 7580: 7575: 7568: 7563: 7557:, p. 17. 7556: 7551: 7545:, p. 34. 7544: 7539: 7533:, p. 49. 7532: 7527: 7521:, p. 39. 7520: 7515: 7509:, p. 75. 7508: 7503: 7497:, p. 29. 7496: 7491: 7485:, p. 60. 7484: 7479: 7472: 7467: 7460: 7455: 7448: 7443: 7436: 7431: 7423: 7417: 7413: 7412: 7404: 7402: 7394: 7389: 7373: 7369: 7365: 7358: 7351: 7346: 7339: 7334: 7327: 7322: 7316:, p. 41. 7315: 7310: 7303: 7298: 7296: 7294: 7286: 7281: 7274: 7269: 7263:, p. 55. 7262: 7257: 7250: 7245: 7238: 7233: 7226: 7221: 7214: 7209: 7202: 7197: 7190: 7185: 7183: 7174: 7172:9789793780504 7168: 7164: 7163: 7155: 7147: 7145:9789793780566 7141: 7137: 7136: 7128: 7121: 7116: 7109: 7104: 7097: 7092: 7085: 7080: 7073: 7068: 7061: 7056: 7049: 7044: 7037: 7036: 7029: 7027: 7019: 7014: 7012: 7005:, p. 95. 7004: 6999: 6997: 6989: 6984: 6977: 6972: 6964: 6958: 6954: 6953: 6945: 6937: 6931: 6927: 6926: 6918: 6916: 6908: 6903: 6896: 6891: 6889: 6882:, p. 72. 6881: 6876: 6869: 6864: 6858:, p. 46. 6857: 6852: 6844: 6840: 6836: 6832: 6828: 6824: 6820: 6813: 6811: 6804:, p. 67. 6803: 6798: 6791: 6786: 6780:, p. 25. 6779: 6774: 6766: 6765: 6760: 6753: 6746: 6741: 6722: 6715: 6709: 6701: 6697: 6691: 6689: 6680: 6676: 6670: 6668: 6666: 6654: 6653: 6646: 6644: 6636: 6631: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6623: 6621: 6613: 6608: 6606: 6604: 6602: 6600: 6598: 6596: 6594: 6592: 6590: 6588: 6586: 6584: 6582: 6580: 6578: 6570: 6565: 6563: 6546: 6542: 6536: 6532: 6531: 6523: 6516: 6511: 6504: 6498: 6490: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6472: 6468: 6464: 6460: 6453: 6451: 6443: 6438: 6436: 6428: 6423: 6421: 6413: 6408: 6401: 6396: 6394: 6386: 6381: 6379: 6377: 6375: 6370: 6368: 6367: 6358: 6353: 6346: 6342: 6338: 6334: 6328: 6324: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6248:Brunei Revolt 6246: 6244: 6241: 6240: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6212: 6207: 6204: 6200: 6193: 6188: 6184: 6177: 6172: 6168: 6164: 6160: 6153: 6148: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6117: 6112: 6111: 6097: 6095: 6091: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6064: 6061: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6037: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6010: 6006: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5993: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5980: 5974: 5970: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5949: 5940: 5937: 5929: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5907: 5903: 5896: 5887: 5886: 5878: 5874: 5865: 5861: 5857: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5838: 5829: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5814: 5810: 5805: 5803: 5799: 5794: 5792: 5788: 5787: 5782: 5778: 5773: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5717:Harold Wilson 5714: 5711: 5706: 5704: 5703: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5680: 5678: 5674: 5669: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5649: 5645: 5631: 5628: 5623: 5620: 5614: 5610: 5607: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5590:3-inch mortar 5587: 5583: 5579: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5547: 5543: 5538: 5531: 5528: 5525: 5522: 5519: 5516: 5515: 5514: 5512: 5502: 5500: 5496: 5495:RAF Chia Keng 5492: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5479:Royal Signals 5476: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5455: 5446: 5442: 5440: 5439: 5433: 5432: 5424: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5389: 5385: 5382: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5365: 5360: 5358: 5352: 5350: 5345: 5336: 5335: 5328: 5323: 5313: 5311: 5305: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5294:Walter Walker 5286: 5282: 5277: 5263: 5261: 5255: 5248: 5243: 5239: 5237: 5233: 5228: 5226: 5222: 5217: 5213: 5208: 5196: 5192: 5190: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5167: 5163: 5154: 5150: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5133: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5120:, Australian 5119: 5115: 5107: 5103: 5098: 5088: 5084: 5081: 5080: 5074: 5069: 5067: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5054:Javelin FAW 9 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5022: 5014: 5010: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4986: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4971: 4970:Korps Komando 4966: 4961: 4958: 4953: 4942: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4926: 4924: 4918: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4891: 4885: 4882: 4878: 4872: 4870: 4866: 4865:Manila Accord 4862: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4834: 4830: 4825: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4805: 4801: 4799: 4795: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4751: 4747: 4742: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4730:A. M. Azahari 4726: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4700: 4696: 4691: 4687: 4685: 4680: 4676: 4673: 4669: 4664: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4616: 4613: 4609: 4604: 4600: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4581: 4577: 4575: 4574:Kota Kinabalu 4570: 4568: 4559: 4555: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4531: 4528: 4524: 4518: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4507:Brunei revolt 4503: 4501: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4485: 4481: 4478:. Initially, 4477: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4448: 4446: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4420: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4373: 4368: 4366: 4361: 4359: 4354: 4353: 4351: 4350: 4347: 4337: 4336: 4330: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4279: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4244: 4237: 4236: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4209: 4205: 4200: 4199: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4183: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4173: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4163: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4153: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4143: 4135: 4134: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4118: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4108: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4098: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4088: 4080: 4079: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4059: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4049: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4039: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4029: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4019: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4009: 4001: 4000: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3984: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3974: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3953: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3937: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3916: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3900: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3890: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3880: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3870: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3860: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3850: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3840: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3830: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3820: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3810: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3800: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3790: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3780: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3770: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3760: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3750: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3740: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3720: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3710: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3700: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3690: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3680: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3670: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3660: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3650: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3640: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3619: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3603: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3583: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3573: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3563: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3553: 3549: 3547: 3546:Sunda Kingdom 3544: 3543: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3533: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3523: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3513: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3503: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3493: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3483: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3473: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3463: 3459: 3457: 3456:Kutai Kingdom 3454: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3442: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3426: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3410: 3406: 3405: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3395: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3379: 3375: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3363: 3360: 3357: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3347: 3344: 3338: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3326: 3318: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3291: 3287: 3282: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3227: 3225: 3221: 3220:Brunei revolt 3217: 3213: 3209: 3208:East Malaysia 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3180: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3160: 3154: 3150: 3138: 3133: 3131: 3126: 3124: 3119: 3118: 3116: 3115: 3112: 3102: 3101: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3081: 3078: 3077: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3062: 3055: 3054: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3018: 3017: 3010: 3009: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2993: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2983: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2973: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2953: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2943: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2933: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2923: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2913: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2903: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2893: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2883: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2863: 2859: 2857: 2856:MH17 incident 2854: 2853: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2843: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2833: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2823: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2813: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2803: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2793: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2783: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2773: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2763: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2753: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2743: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2733: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2723: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2713: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2703: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2693: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2683: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2673: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2663: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2653: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2633: 2629: 2627: 2624: 2623: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2613: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2603: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2593: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2583: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2573: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2563: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2553: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2543: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2533: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2523: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2513: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2503: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2493: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2483: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2473: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2463: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2453: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2443: 2439: 2436: 2432: 2429: 2428: 2424: 2422: 2421:Brunei revolt 2419: 2418: 2410: 2409: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2390: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2370: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2360: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2350: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2337: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2327: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2317: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2307: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2297: 2293: 2291: 2288: 2287: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2277: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2267: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2257: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2247: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2237: 2230: 2226: 2221: 2218: 2217: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2207: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2197: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2187: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2177: 2173: 2171: 2168: 2167: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2157: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2147: 2142:Modern period 2139: 2138: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2118: 2116: 2113: 2112: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2102: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2092: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2082: 2078: 2076: 2073: 2072: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2062: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2052: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2042: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2032: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2022: 2014: 2013: 2003: 2001: 1998: 1997: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1987: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1977: 1973: 1971: 1970:Malayan Union 1968: 1967: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1957: 1953: 1951: 1947: 1944: 1943: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1932:BMA of Malaya 1930: 1929: 1921: 1920: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1894: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1884: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1874: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1864: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1854: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1834: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1824: 1820: 1818: 1815: 1814: 1809: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1797: 1789: 1788: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1772: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1762: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1742: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1722: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1712: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1702: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1679: 1678: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1668: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1658: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1638: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1628: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1618: 1614: 1612: 1609: 1608: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1594: 1592: 1589: 1588: 1584: 1582: 1581:Burney Treaty 1579: 1578: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1548: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1538: 1534: 1532: 1531:Dutch Malacca 1529: 1528: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1508: 1500: 1499: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1483: 1479: 1477: 1476:Reman Kingdom 1474: 1473: 1469: 1467: 1466:Setul Kingdom 1464: 1463: 1459: 1457: 1456:Besut Kingdom 1454: 1453: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1440: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1430: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1407: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1397: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1387: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1377: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1367: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1354: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1344: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1331: 1323: 1322: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1306: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1296: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1286: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1276: 1273:424–775 1272: 1270: 1267: 1266: 1259: 1257: 1256:Gangga Negara 1254: 1253: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1229: 1227: 1226:Ancient Kedah 1224: 1223: 1215: 1214: 1204: 1202: 1196: 1195: 1191: 1185: 1184: 1180: 1174: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1167: 1163: 1162: 1158: 1156: 1155:Niah cultures 1150: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1143: 1139: 1138: 1134: 1132: 1126: 1125: 1118: 1116: 1110: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1103: 1099: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1087: 1081: 1077: 1076: 1073: 1067: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1055: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1031: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1014:Sungei Koemba 1012: 1010: 1007: 1006: 1005: 1004: 998: 995: 993: 990: 988: 985: 983: 982:Sunda Straits 980: 978: 975: 974: 973: 972: 966: 963: 962: 961: 960: 955: 952: 950: 947: 946: 941: 936: 926: 921: 919: 914: 912: 907: 906: 903: 892: 889: 886: 885: 884: 883: 879: 874: 873: 869: 830: 815: 812: 809: 808: 807: 806: 799: 796: 795: 794: 793: 789: 788: 783: 777: 767: 765: 764:A. M. Azahari 755: 753: 743: 741: 740:Bong Kee Chok 731: 729: 719: 717: 707: 705: 695: 693: 683: 680: 679:A.H. Nasution 669: 667: 657: 655: 645: 643: 633: 631: 630:Chairul Saleh 621: 619: 614: 609: 607: 597: 596: 594: 589: 588:Walter Walker 579: 577: 567: 565: 564:Harold Wilson 555: 553: 543: 541: 531: 528: 517: 515: 505: 503: 493: 491: 474: 472: 455: 453: 436: 434: 433:Fuad Stephens 417: 415: 398: 396: 379: 377: 367: 365: 355: 353: 343: 341: 331: 329: 319: 318: 316: 315: 310: 307: 297: 295: 284: 273: 262: 258: 257: 245: 240: 229: 227: 216: 214: 203: 201: 191: 189: 178: 176: 165: 164: 162: 161: 157: 156: 151: 141: 137: 134: 131: 127: 123: 119: 116: 113: 112: 111: 109: 105: 102: 101: 97: 93: 89: 86: 85: 79: 76: 75: 71: 68:, August 1964 67: 63: 57: 52: 49: 45: 40: 35: 30: 19: 12217:Tanda Putera 12216: 12208: 12200: 12192: 12083: 11737:Kuala Lumpur 11662: 11655: 11648: 11641: 11634: 11482:M. H. Lukman 11307:Limbang raid 11285: 11172: 11164: 11159:(2011 novel) 11156: 11149:Tanda Putera 11148: 11140: 11132: 11124: 11119:(1964 drama) 11117:The 7th Dawn 11116: 11108: 11100: 11076:Baling Talks 10983:Agent Orange 10938:Ang Chu Ting 10933:Lam Wah Kwai 10865:Eu Chooi Yip 10825:Ibrahim Chik 10490: 10379: 10236:Iraqi Revolt 10091:Matabeleland 10067:North Borneo 10061:Matabeleland 10013:Saskatchewan 9815:Upper Canada 9809:Lower Canada 9767:Persian Gulf 9683:Persian Gulf 9623:Newfoundland 9604:Polygar Wars 9574:Kandyan Wars 9526:Nootka Sound 9135: 9131: 9121: 9101: 9082: 9070:. Retrieved 9064: 9038: 9026:. Retrieved 9022:the original 8998: 8979: 8967:. Retrieved 8963:the original 8946: 8923: 8904: 8882: 8852:(1): 55–73. 8849: 8845: 8822: 8814: 8777: 8758: 8739: 8720: 8700: 8677: 8658: 8637: 8616: 8607: 8588: 8568: 8548: 8536:. Retrieved 8529:the original 8516: 8512: 8493:. Retrieved 8486:the original 8467: 8447: 8428: 8404: 8383: 8369:(1): 46–72. 8366: 8362: 8339: 8319: 8306:. 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Retrieved 7367: 7357: 7345: 7333: 7321: 7309: 7302:Pugsley 2003 7280: 7268: 7256: 7249:Edwards 1992 7244: 7237:Pugsley 2003 7232: 7220: 7208: 7196: 7161: 7154: 7134: 7127: 7115: 7103: 7091: 7079: 7067: 7055: 7048:Edwards 1992 7043: 7034: 6983: 6971: 6951: 6944: 6924: 6902: 6875: 6863: 6851: 6826: 6822: 6797: 6790:Edwards 1992 6785: 6773: 6762: 6752: 6740: 6728:. Retrieved 6721:the original 6708: 6699: 6678: 6651: 6635:Moulton 1967 6549:. Retrieved 6529: 6522: 6510: 6497: 6462: 6458: 6442:Corbett 1986 6407: 6365: 6364: 6352: 6345:North Borneo 6327: 6224:province of 6198: 6073: 6070: 6062: 6058: 6027: 6022: 5932: 5923: 5911: 5904:that do not 5900:may contain 5899: 5875: 5871: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5832:British Army 5818: 5809:Denis Healey 5806: 5795: 5784: 5774: 5755: 5725:US President 5707: 5700: 5686: 5677:HF No 62 Set 5670: 5653: 5647: 5624: 5619:killing zone 5615: 5611: 5602:7.62 mm GPMG 5594:81-mm mortar 5575: 5551: 5539: 5535: 5508: 5475:intelligence 5472: 5449:Intelligence 5443: 5437: 5430: 5425: 5421:John Simpson 5406: 5395:, Terendak, 5393:Kesang River 5364:Twin Pioneer 5361: 5353: 5340: 5333: 5306: 5290: 5256: 5252: 5229: 5204: 5194: 5186: 5151: 5134: 5111: 5085: 5078: 5070: 5020: 5018: 5004:leap from a 4975: 4962: 4948: 4939:Kuala Lumpur 4927: 4919: 4895: 4886: 4873: 4847: 4826: 4806: 4802: 4791: 4759: 4755: 4743: 4727: 4704: 4665: 4633:World War II 4623:In 1946 the 4622: 4605: 4601: 4582: 4578: 4571: 4564: 4548:North Borneo 4537: 4526: 4519: 4504: 4488: 4464:North Borneo 4452:East of Suez 4449: 4421: 4388: 4386: 4328: 4287:Christianity 3536:Bali Kingdom 3429:Buni culture 3407: 3392:1,000,000 BP 3376: 3311:October 1965 3283: 3259: 3247:brinkmanship 3228: 3196:North Borneo 3181: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3146: 3070:Kuala Lumpur 2510:1972–present 2440:1962–present 2340:1MDB scandal 2074: 2000:Baling Talks 1897:Si Rat Malai 1803: / 1792:World War II 1705:North Borneo 1164: 1140: 1100: 1029: 1002: 1001: 992:Kesang River 970: 969: 958: 957: 944: 932: 893:771 captured 881: 880: 870: 835: 804: 803: 791: 790: 752:Ang Cho Teng 728:Lam Wah Kwai 576:Rodney Moore 514:Lee Kuan Yew 285: 260: 246: 158: 153:Belligerents 132:coup attempt 108:Commonwealth 106: 42:Part of the 29: 12219:(2013 film) 12211:(2009 film) 12203:(2007 film) 12195:(2003 film) 11536:Affiliation 11517:Bakri Wahab 11477:D. N. Aidit 11397:Acoma Party 11392:Murba Party 11175:(2019 film) 11167:(2015 film) 11151:(2013 film) 11143:(2012 film) 11141:29 Februari 11135:(2007 film) 11127:(2006 film) 11111:(1963 play) 10885:R. G. Balan 10875:Wahi Annuar 10780:Abdullah CD 10762:Peninsular 10566:New Zealand 10543:New village 10538:Briggs Plan 10486:Vietnam War 10356:Suez Crisis 10254:Transjordan 10158:West Africa 10135:(1899–1902) 10129:(1898–1901) 10121:Six-Day War 10069:(1894–1905) 10057:(1891–1895) 10037:Mashonaland 10001:Mahdist War 9941:Shimonoseki 9871:(1847–1901) 9781:(1824–1901) 9749:Cape Colony 9647:Cape Colony 9606:(1799–1805) 9600:(1799–1803) 9588:(1798–1800) 9576:(1796–1818) 9550:Cape Colony 9540:(1793–1806) 9522:(1788–1934) 9418:Nova Scotia 9388:Yamasee War 9359:(1694–1700) 9333:Child's War 9321:2nd Tangier 9315:1st Tangier 9311:(1655–1739) 9261:Saint Kitts 9239:(1593–1603) 8943:"No. 43959" 8538:24 December 7964:15 December 7900:Pocock 1973 7864:Parker 2005 7816:Parker 2005 7756:Pilger 2003 7744:Easter 2004 7663:Pocock 1973 7639:Mackie 1974 7615:Pocock 1973 7603:Polmar 2008 7579:Pocock 1973 7555:French 2011 7459:Conboy 2003 7447:Pocock 1973 7435:Pocock 1973 7393:Coates 2006 7338:Horner 2002 7189:Conboy 2003 7120:Pocock 1973 7084:Pocock 1973 7072:Pocock 1973 7060:Mackie 1974 7003:Conboy 2003 6988:Pocock 1973 6976:Pocock 1973 6868:Conboy 2003 6856:Easter 2004 6745:Mackie 1974 6730:17 February 6612:Carver 1986 6427:Pocock 1973 6412:Fowler 2006 6400:Conboy 2003 6385:Conboy 2003 6199:Konfrontasi 5840:Indonesian 5742:Malay women 5673:A41 and A42 5648:Konfrontasi 5285:Senoi Praaq 5260:1/7 Gurkhas 5169:Avro Vulcan 4952:2/6 Gurkhas 4854:irredentist 4829:Philippines 4527:Konfrontasi 4389:Konfrontasi 4252:Archaeology 4247:Agriculture 3653:Aru Kingdom 3378:Paleolithic 3340:History of 3275:New Zealand 3159:Konfrontasi 3080:George Town 3035:Immigration 2075:Konfrontasi 1230:<100 BCE 1135:235,000 BCE 1102:Paleolithic 1069:History of 1009:Plaman Mapu 890:222 wounded 800:181 wounded 502:Yusof Ishak 471:Abang Openg 376:Tunku Osman 239:New Zealand 12280:Proxy wars 12234:Categories 11594:Marhaenism 11447:Tan Malaka 11433:Key people 10904:Malaysian 10895:Devan Nair 10880:Mat Indera 10820:Musa Ahmad 10753:Key people 10260:Pink's War 10152:Somaliland 9989:Basutoland 9743:Guadeloupe 9725:Xhosa Wars 9707:Seychelles 9689:Guadeloupe 9677:Martinique 9544:Rohilkhand 9508:Gold Coast 9478:Rohilkhand 9436:Bengal War 9273:Pequot War 7314:Smith 1999 7273:Jones 2002 7108:Majid 2007 6907:Kheng 2009 6880:Reece 1993 6551:26 January 6357:Until 1965 6333:Federation 6319:References 6121:A soldier 6045:Royal Navy 5881:Casualties 5748:! Destroy 5499:RAF Changi 5302:Varyl Begg 5298:David Luce 5079:Victorious 5058:RAF Tengah 5013:Malay–Thai 4981:conducted 4978:Ahmad Yani 4907:Indonesian 4850:Maphilindo 4814:Malay race 4540:Kalimantan 4500:Soebandrio 4309:Mass media 4186:Reform era 4166:Transition 4012:Portuguese 3398:Flores Man 3368:Prehistory 3321:Background 3271:Australian 3239:Kalimantan 3237:(known as 3155:(known as 2726:Sauk Siege 2393:Green Wave 1867:Sook Ching 1641:Larut Wars 1591:Naning War 1414:1516– 1902 1289:Old Pahang 1246:Langkasuka 1181:16,000 BCE 1142:Mesolithic 965:Long Jawai 887:590 killed 877:83 wounded 856:16 wounded 833:52 wounded 816:4 captured 813:53 wounded 797:114 killed 704:D.N. Aidit 654:Ahmad Yani 128:following 11497:Samikidin 11295:Incidents 10855:Yeung Kwo 10850:Chen Tien 10775:Chin Peng 10768:Singapore 10764:Malaysia 10581:Incidents 10561:Australia 10524:Emergency 10442:Singapore 10392:Falklands 10388:(1963–67) 10382:(1962–66) 10376:(1962–90) 10364:(1962–76) 10352:(1955–59) 10346:(1954–59) 10340:(1952–60) 10334:(1948–60) 10328:(1946–50) 10320:Indonesia 10316:(1945–46) 10314:Indochina 10310:(1944–48) 10298:(1936–39) 10292:(1936–39) 10280:(1931–32) 10274:(1930–31) 10268:(1927–30) 10250:(1922–24) 10248:Kurdistan 10232:(1919–20) 10208:(1916–17) 10188:Nyasaland 10184:(1914–15) 10178:(1914–15) 10166:(1903–04) 10160:(1901–02) 10154:(1900–20) 10117:(1897–98) 10111:(1897–98) 10093:(1896–97) 10063:(1893–94) 10027:(1886–89) 10003:(1881–99) 9997:(1880–81) 9991:(1880–81) 9985:(1879–80) 9973:(1875–76) 9959:Abyssinia 9955:(1866–71) 9949:(1864–65) 9937:(1863–64) 9929:Kagoshima 9925:(1857–58) 9919:(1857–59) 9913:(1856–60) 9907:(1856–57) 9901:(1854–56) 9899:Åland War 9883:(1848–49) 9859:(1845–50) 9853:(1845–46) 9847:(1845–72) 9841:(1839–42) 9835:(1839–42) 9829:(1839–41) 9817:(1837–38) 9811:(1837–38) 9805:(1831–33) 9799:(1831–32) 9793:(1828–32) 9787:(1824–26) 9763:(1817–18) 9739:(1814–16) 9733:(1812–15) 9727:(1811–79) 9721:(1810–11) 9701:Mauritius 9673:(1808–09) 9655:(1806–07) 9631:(1803–05) 9594:(1798–99) 9564:(1795–96) 9558:(1795–96) 9534:(1789–92) 9510:(1781–82) 9504:(1779–84) 9498:(1775–82) 9492:(1775–83) 9480:(1773–74) 9474:(1769–73) 9468:(1765–71) 9462:(1763–66) 9456:(1762–63) 9444:(1758–61) 9438:(1756–65) 9432:(1756–63) 9426:(1754–63) 9420:(1749–55) 9414:(1746–63) 9408:(1744–48) 9402:(1740–42) 9396:(1722–25) 9390:(1715–17) 9384:(1711–15) 9378:(1702–13) 9353:(1688–97) 9347:(1688–91) 9335:(1686–90) 9329:(1675–78) 9305:(1654–60) 9299:(1654–67) 9293:(1649–53) 9287:(1641–53) 9275:(1634–38) 9245:(1609–46) 9160:143480227 9152:1743-9558 9061:(reprint) 8874:153555254 8866:1468-2745 8525:1174-8915 8375:0227-1311 8308:31 August 8295:1811-5713 8116:captured. 7994:8 October 7732:Blum 2003 7591:Grey 1998 7567:Grey 1998 6895:Fong 2005 6843:0013-8266 6802:Cain 1997 6489:153955103 6226:Indonesia 6203:Singapore 6183:Kundasang 6131:Kalabakan 6106:Memorials 6043:from the 5926:June 2023 5902:citations 5868:Aftermath 5661:Belvedere 5489:based at 5409:Whirlwind 5349:guardship 4877:Subandrio 4672:communist 4668:left-wing 4597:Samarinda 4593:Pontianak 4544:provinces 4523:Subandrio 4480:Indonesia 4476:Singapore 4267:Education 4176:New Order 3944:1670–1950 3934:1515–1904 3520:600s–900s 3510:600s–1025 3500:600s–1347 3490:500s–600s 3480:400s-500s 3470:400s–500s 3423:75,000 BP 3409:Neolithic 3342:Indonesia 3307:roulement 3188:Singapore 3171:from the 3165:Indonesia 3058:By region 2960:2021–2022 2870:2014–2015 2770:2006–2007 2710:1998–1999 2576:Dawn Raid 2490:1969–2002 2460:1967–2009 2425:1962–1966 2413:Incidents 2387:2021–2023 2377:2020–2022 2367:2020–2022 2324:2009–2010 2314:1998–2022 2304:1997–1998 2274:1987–1988 2214:1979–2008 2184:1971–1990 2164:1969–1971 2129:1968–1989 2109:1963–1965 2079:1963–1966 2059:1962–1990 2049:1960–2012 1994:1948–1960 1984:1948–1963 1974:1946–1948 1964:1946–1963 1954:1946–1963 1940:1945–1946 1911:1943–1944 1901:1943–1945 1891:1942–1945 1831:1941–1942 1821:1941–1942 1811:1941–1945 1759:1909–1946 1739:1895–1946 1729:1894–1905 1719:1891–1895 1709:1882–1946 1689:1874–1946 1675:1875–1876 1671:Perak War 1655:1867–1874 1651:Klang War 1645:1861–1874 1635:1857–1863 1625:1848–1946 1605:1841–1946 1595:1831–1832 1565:1821–1826 1555:1786–1946 1545:1770–1881 1535:1641–1824 1525:1601–1661 1515:1511–1641 1490:1839–1864 1480:1810–1902 1470:1808–1916 1460:1780–1899 1437:1599–1641 1404:1496–1903 1394:1470–1623 1384:1450–1899 1374:1402–1511 1351:1267–1521 1309:Majapahit 1299:Srivijaya 1279:Old Kedah 1166:Neolithic 1036:Singapore 875:44 killed 854:12 killed 845:8 wounded 843:23 killed 810:36 killed 642:Omar Dani 618:Subandrio 256:Indonesia 226:Australia 200:Singapore 11522:Sudisman 11402:Sarbupri 10845:Lee Meng 10785:Lai Teck 10710:Min Yuen 10522:Malayan 10509:Thailand 10380:Malaysia 10302:Ethiopia 10200:Peshawar 9965:Manitoba 9947:Duar War 9243:Virginia 9072:1 August 8969:1 August 8903:(1995). 8427:(2002). 8032:cite web 8022:23 April 7988:Archived 7958:Archived 7789:18 March 7717:18 March 7711:Archived 7378:27 April 7372:Archived 7035:The Star 6545:Archived 6237:See also 6159:Keningau 5957:Wounded 5908:the text 5542:Kelabits 5198:— 5177:Malaysia 5130:infantry 4931:Malaysia 4765:Conflict 4645:governor 4456:Far East 4440:Sulawesi 4424:Permesta 4314:Military 4292:Hinduism 4282:Buddhism 4277:Religion 4257:Currency 4240:By topic 3460:350–1605 3388:Java Man 3359:Timeline 3331:a series 3329:Part of 3214:against 3190:and the 3169:Malaysia 3045:Military 3030:Economic 3013:By topic 2045:ISA 1960 1293:449–1454 1071:Malaysia 1060:a series 1058:Part of 865:9 killed 188:Malaysia 122:replaced 110:victory 87:Location 46:and the 12290:Sukarno 12030:Sarawak 11589:Nasakom 11462:Sukarno 11457:Darsono 10840:Lau Yew 10499:Sarawak 10374:Sarawak 10326:Sarawak 10218:Nigeria 10206:Mohmand 10194:Nigeria 10145:century 9803:Malacca 9797:Jamaica 9755:Algiers 9695:Reunion 9641:Surinam 9616:century 9562:Grenada 9556:Jamaica 9448:Jamaica 9369:century 9309:Jamaica 9237:Ireland 9230:century 9217:English 8495:19 July 7368:The Age 6341:Sarawak 6331:Before 6167:Sapulut 6100:Gallery 5954:Killed 5951:Origin 5916:Please 5913:online. 5750:Sukarno 5483:cyphers 5469:member. 5438:Bulwark 5397:Malacca 5236:Suharto 5232:Bangkok 5146:company 5142:platoon 5015:border. 4935:Jakarta 4843:Sukarno 4734:Sukarno 4699:Sukarno 4679:Chinese 4608:Kuching 4552:Sarawak 4468:Sarawak 4436:Sumatra 4393:Sukarno 4387:Before 4302:Judaism 4262:Economy 4227:Bandung 4212:Jakarta 4204:Regions 4042:British 4022:Spanish 3476:Kantoli 3433:400 BCE 3315:Suharto 3267:British 3255:platoon 3251:company 3200:Sarawak 3177:Sukarno 3092:Sarawak 2399:present 2346:present 2233:present 2225:Spratly 1950:Sarawak 1449:present 1426:present 1363:present 1340:present 1269:Pan Pan 997:Pontian 954:Limbang 872:Gurkhas 692:Suharto 606:Sukarno 140:Sarawak 126:Suharto 118:Sukarno 12009:Penang 11584:CONEFO 11527:Wikana 11502:Semaun 11467:Alimin 10906:Borneo 10727:CPM/ML 10394:(1982) 10370:(1962) 10368:Brunei 10358:(1956) 10322:(1945) 10304:(1943) 10286:(1935) 10262:(1925) 10256:(1923) 10244:(1921) 10238:(1920) 10226:(1919) 10220:(1918) 10214:(1917) 10212:Quebec 10202:(1915) 10196:(1915) 10190:(1915) 10172:(1906) 10123:(1899) 10105:(1897) 10099:(1897) 10087:(1896) 10081:(1896) 10075:(1895) 10051:(1891) 10045:(1891) 10039:(1890) 10033:(1888) 10031:Hazara 10021:(1885) 10015:(1885) 10009:(1882) 9979:(1879) 9967:(1870) 9961:(1868) 9943:(1864) 9931:(1863) 9895:(1854) 9889:(1852) 9877:(1848) 9875:Ceylon 9865:(1847) 9863:Canton 9823:(1839) 9775:(1823) 9773:Guiana 9769:(1819) 9757:(1816) 9751:(1815) 9745:(1815) 9715:(1810) 9709:(1810) 9703:(1810) 9697:(1810) 9691:(1810) 9685:(1809) 9679:(1809) 9667:(1807) 9661:(1807) 9649:(1806) 9643:(1804) 9637:(1804) 9625:(1800) 9582:(1798) 9570:(1795) 9568:Ceylon 9552:(1795) 9546:(1794) 9528:(1789) 9516:(1786) 9486:(1774) 9450:(1762) 9341:(1687) 9323:(1664) 9317:(1662) 9297:Acadia 9281:(1641) 9269:(1628) 9267:Quebec 9263:(1626) 9257:(1622) 9251:(1612) 9249:Swally 9158: 9150: 9108: 9089: 9045: 9028:1 June 9005: 8986: 8930: 8911: 8889: 8872: 8864: 8829: 8784: 8765: 8746: 8727: 8708: 8684: 8665: 8646: 8623: 8595: 8576: 8555: 8523: 8478: 8454: 8435: 8413: 8390: 8373: 8346: 8327: 8293: 8263: 8244: 8225: 8206: 8187: 8168: 8149: 8130: 8107: 8088: 8069: 7418: 7169: 7142: 6959: 6932: 6841: 6537: 6487: 6343:, and 6337:Malaya 6123:statue 6067:Awards 6041:Labuan 6019:Total 5967:Gurkha 5906:verify 5850:London 5783:, and 5657:Wessex 5477:. 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Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation

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