222:
409:
470:, Great Britain agreed not to arm nor trade with American Indians in the United States and dropped the proposal of a barrier state. The first decade of the 19th century was a time of relative peace between the white settlers in southern Indiana territory and the Native American nations in the rest of the territory. Although the United States hoped to acquire more of this land for settlement, it had an official policy of coexistence with the native tribes. Following the massacres and destruction of villages from 1811–13, however, the United States adopted a
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800 mounted rangers and riflemen traveled from Ft. Vallonia to as far north as Fort Wayne burning a
British and Indian fort on the Wabash River. Then traveled south to Prophetstown and setting it afire once more. The expedition then made their way back to Vincennes. Officers with Colonel Russell include Colonel Joseph Bartholomew of Indiana.
440:, a town near Kentucky that was central within the populated portion of the territory, yet farther from the Indians than the other candidate towns. On September 29, 1813, Harrison was able to drive British forces from Detroit, forcing the British to retreat into Canada. After defeating the British again at the
299:, he was able to recruit Kentucky citizens to help defend Indiana; citizens in Ohio and Indiana had heard of the lack of camp provisions and chose not to be burdened by such hardships. It is believed Harrison sought military command due to losing popularity in the territory, particularly for supporting
432:
and destroyed the well-developed Miami city at the confluence of the Wabash and
Mississinewa Rivers. The town was deserted in advance of the army, however, and no Americans Indians were encountered during the entire expedition. That expedition was led by Colonel William Russell 7th regiment. He and
420:
were organized. Each company was 100 men strong. The un-uniformed troops carried their own provisions, and carried a knife and long knives to fight. These forces sought out Indian villages to avenge previous Indian attacks. There were several skirmishes between Native
Americans and Rangers, such
243:
to govern in his absence. As it became apparent that hostilities would soon break out, Gibson ordered the militia to organize and sent emergency riders to inform
Harrison of the situation and to return him to the territory as soon as possible. July and August gave Harrison several impediments to
207:
and his supporters in
Congress attacked and denounced the British who had supplied firearms to the western tribes and the Battle of Tippecanoe further raised tensions between the United States and Great Britain. Although Tecumseh publicly claimed to be at peace with the United States, he was
201:. The confederacy's defeat was a major blow to their plans for a larger uprising, but left the tribes looking to outward sources of support. The British accepted an alliance with the tribes and the conflict merged with the War of 1812 in the following year.
474:. The punitive actions of the War of 1812 gave the United States firm control over Indiana Territory. This led to rapid settlement and development of the territory when peace was declared, and Indiana was admitted to the Union on December 11, 1816.
307:
introduced a bill to move the capitol from
Vincennes because of its proximity to the Indians. The bill was passed and plans were put in place to begin selecting a new capitol and to evacuate the territorial records. The resolution stated:
95:. Both sieges were unsuccessful as the besiegers were eventually forced to withdraw due to a lack of reinforcements. On November 1812, U.S. forces were defeated in Indiana by Native Americans at the
392:, Campbell took his men to Greenville. The Indians were not aided by the British in their assaults in Indiana, as the dry summer hindered efforts to send 600 British troops to Fort Wayne down the
310:"Resolved: That the capitol be removed from Vincennes, because it is dangerous to continue longer here on account of threatened depredations of the Indians, who may destroy our valuable records."
248:
died on July 14, which meant that the United States lost one of the Indian leaders they could rely on to maintain peace. This was followed three days later by
British forces gaining control of
208:
privately encouraging his followers to prepare for war. He sent messengers to the
British to attempt to stir them, reporting that the Americans were amassing troops for an invasion of Canada.
462:
to the end of the War of 1812, British agents operating from Canada had worked to instigate Native
American tribes against the United States as part of an effort to create a pro-British
341:, resulted in the first land victory for American forces during the war; it was the heaviest assault the Indians threw at American defenders. Harrison himself relieved the
87:, and served in various theaters. In September 1812, months after the war's outbreak, British-allied Native Americans laid siege to two U.S. military forts in Indiana,
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345:. On September 17, Harrison was given command of all American troops in the Northwest Territories as a brevet major general, replacing General
333:. Early September saw two separate attacks on Fort Harrison and Fort Wayne, but this time the defenders were able to repel the attack. The
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In 1813, violent skirmishes between U.S. troops and settlers and Native
Americans increased, and in April the indecisive
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A History of Indiana, from Its Earliest Exploration by Europeans to the Close of the Territorial Government, in 1816
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396:. On December 28 Harrison resigned from his office as territorial governor; the position was not filled until
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on August 22, Harrison went to attain the force in order to defend the Indiana territorial government at
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on August 16, putting British forces on the northern border of Indiana. On August 18 the Indians led by
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Western Sun, July 1813. Papers and Documents William Henry Harrison Indiana Historical Society
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With the impending onset of hostilities, Harrison sought military assistance from neighboring
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September saw additional attacks across the territory. On September 3 in northern
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and attacked American forces and settlers in concert with their British allies.
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had been gradually colonizing the region, which led to increased tensions with
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was the scene of numerous engagements which occurred as part of the conflict's
768:. Indiana Historical Society Publications, volume 15, number 2. Indianapolis:
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To combat the threat of Native American attacks, several companies of mounted
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On May 1, 1813, the territorial legislature relocated the capitol to
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led the territorial militia and army regulars against the forces of
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Union 1812:The Americans Who Fought the Second War of Independence
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had left the territory for army reinforcements, leaving Secretary
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The American forces struck back in November. Prophetstown was
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154:. The war resulted in the collapse of British proposals for an
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further attack the Indians, but with his troops devastated by
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on August 15, massacring the defenders of the fort, including
118:, led U.S. military efforts in the western theater. After the
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refused to listen to Harrison's request for a peace council.
425:, but they were smaller than the major clashes of 1812.
287:. After being appointed brigadier general of the Kentucky
48:. Prior to the war's outbreak in 1812, settlers from the
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303:. During September the Territorial Legislature met and
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in September 1813, British forces under the command of
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Involvement of the Indiana Territory in the War of 1812
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and the solidification of U.S. control over Indiana.
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Numerous American citizens from Indiana enlisted in
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428:In July 1813, a large punitive expedition left
762:Wilson, George R.; Thornbrough, Gayle (1946).
713:Life of Walter Quintin Gresham 1832–1895
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466:to block American expansion westward. In the
185:on November 6, 1811 during what is known as
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1519:United States in the War of 1812 by state
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329:, Shawnees slaughtered the villagers of
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252:by the capture of the American fort at
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685:. Paducah: Turner Publishing Company.
683:The Tragic Saga of the Indiana Indians
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825:Indiana Territory in the War of 1812
785:Indiana Territory in the War of 1812
525:"Indiana Territory — Timeline"
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400:was given the office in April 1813.
83:units during the war, including the
1352:Military Society of the War of 1812
368:, backed by attacking the deserted
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1347:General Society of the War of 1812
728:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
554:. Mississinewa Battlefield Society
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1118:Assassination of Spencer Perceval
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244:defending Indiana. First, Chief
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618:Ferguson, Rich (March 3, 2008).
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715:. Rand McNally & company.
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1424:Timeline of the War of 1812
700:Dillon, John Brown (1859).
489:Langguth, pp. 165–168
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1509:Indiana in the War of 1812
1075:Non-Intercourse Act (1809)
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770:Indiana Historical Society
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527:. Indiana State Government
460:American Revolutionary War
454:Results of the War of 1812
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382:Battle of the Mississinewa
364:on November 22 by General
101:Battle of the Mississinewa
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108:Battle of Tipton's Island
1418:The Star-Spangled Banner
1362:War of 1812 Bicentennial
1065:Orders in Council (1807)
720:Langguth, A. J. (2006).
706:. Bingham & Doughty.
681:Allison, Harold (1986).
349:, and ordered to retake
301:slavery in the territory
177:Beginning with the 1809
97:Battle of Wild Cat Creek
1396:The Hunters of Kentucky
743:Mahon, John K. (1991).
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170:An illustration of the
134:were forced to abandon
1284:William Henry Harrison
839:William Henry Harrison
620:"Indianapolis Tonight"
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62:Tecumseh's confederacy
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464:Indian barrier state
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183:Battle of Tippecanoe
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172:Battle of Tippecanoe
156:Indian barrier state
144:Battle of the Thames
66:Battle of Tippecanoe
56:and the outbreak of
1070:Embargo Act of 1807
343:Siege of Fort Wayne
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122:defeated a smaller
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1123:Declaration of war
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1172:Queenston Heights
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747:. Da Capo Press.
305:Dennis Pennington
42:Indiana Territory
31:Indiana Territory
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1212:Lundy's Lane
1143:Northwestern
1132:Theaters and
1110:
1100:Rule of 1756
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935:Mississinewa
909:Pigeon Roost
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789:FamilySearch
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398:Thomas Posey
394:Maumee River
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331:Pigeon Roost
327:Clark County
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199:Prophetstown
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1304:Robert Ross
1279:Isaac Brock
1236:Involvement
1227:New Orleans
1217:Bladensburg
1197:Chateauguay
1187:Beaver Dams
1111:Little Belt
1026:Involvement
1003:War of 1812
854:John Tipton
667:Wilson, 239
626:January 15,
558:January 15,
531:January 15,
318:Modern-day
241:John Gibson
212:War of 1812
60:. In 1811,
38:War of 1812
36:During the
27:War of 1812
1503:Categories
1337:The Eighth
1182:Frenchtown
1148:Chesapeake
1054:Chesapeake
956:See also:
930:Fort Wayne
899:Fort Wayne
608:Mahon p.67
590:Mahon p.64
478:References
452:See also:
258:Potawatomi
205:Henry Clay
162:Background
146:, killing
124:Royal Navy
110:occurred.
93:Fort Wayne
1390:Creek War
1329:Aftermath
1135:campaigns
1095:War hawks
1032:Aftermath
1020:Campaigns
894:Fort Knox
889:Eel River
458:From the
448:Aftermath
390:frostbite
378:Winnebago
293:Vincennes
1442:Category
1319:Tecumseh
1253:Kentucky
1207:Chippawa
1017:Theaters
849:Tecumseh
374:Kickapoo
285:Kentucky
278:Tecumseh
152:Tecumseh
1481:Indiana
1467:Portals
1453:Commons
1272:Leaders
1222:McHenry
1164:battles
1058:Leopard
1045:Origins
1029:Leaders
1023:Battles
1014:Origins
674:Sources
421:as the
380:. The
351:Detroit
289:militia
266:Chicago
150:leader
148:Shawnee
136:Detroit
81:militia
29:in the
1192:Thames
1162:Major
1113:affair
1060:affair
882:Places
832:People
751:
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689:
622:. WIBC
256:. The
40:, the
1263:Ohio
1153:Gulf
960:and
749:ISBN
730:ISBN
687:ISBN
628:2009
560:2009
533:2009
404:1813
376:and
217:1812
91:and
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