946:, that the shooting of two Winnebago warriors by the sentries "aroused the indignation of the Indians and they determined to be revenged and accordingly commenced the attack." Tenskwatawa's followers were worried by the nearby army and feared an imminent attack. They had begun to fortify the town but had not completed their defenses. In council the night of November 6, Tenskwatawa seems to have agreed to a preemptive strike against the Americans, and to sending in a party under the cover of dark to murder Harrison in his tent. He assured the warriors that he would cast spells to prevent them from being harmed and to cause confusion among Harrison's army so that they would not resist. The warriors began to surround Harrison's army, looking for a way to enter the camp undetected. A man named Ben was a wagon driver traveling with Harrison's army, and he had deserted to the Shawnees during the expedition. He agreed to lead a group of warriors through the line to Harrison's tent during the late night hours, but he was captured by the camp sentries, taken back to camp, and bound. He was later convicted of treason, but Harrison pardoned him.
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soldiers awoke to scattered gunshots, and found that they were nearly encircled by
Tenskwatawa's forces. Contact was first made on the left flank of the perimeter, then to the front of the camp, the right flank and the rear. Captain Robert Barton's regulars and Captain Frederick Geiger's Kentucky militia faced immediate fierce attacks and were unable to hold their line. Harrison replaced them with the Indiana militia, commanded by Lieutenant Peters – their commander Wentworth died in the first attack. Harrison found the front line under fire (facing Prophetstown), pressed by warriors with rifles situated in a grove of trees. The Americans held their position as the attacks continued, the regulars reinforcing that critical section of the line. The militia's small-caliber rifles had little effect on the warriors as they rushed the defenders.
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693:(Harrison's Vincennes home). Tecumseh demanded nullification of the treaty and the lands returned to the tribes. Harrison insisted each tribe had individual and separate arrangements with the United States, ridiculing the idea of common ownership of lands. Tecumseh stated his position clearly: he would serve the American loyally if the lands were returned; if not he would seek an alliance with the British. As early as 1810, British agents had sought to secure an alliance with Tecumseh, who was reluctant to ally with them because he recognized that they used the tribes to fight their wars on the frontier. Yet he travelled to Canada to meet with the British and Canadians in November 1810, after securing alliances with the
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1122:. The resolution originally included William Henry Harrison by name, but his name was removed before passage. Harrison considered this to be an insult, thinking that Congress implied that he was the one person in the campaign not worthy of accolades, and he suggested that it held him up to obloquy and disrespect. After Tippecanoe, Boyd's vocal criticism caused controversy. He said without the presence of the regulars, the militia would have been routed, and he questioned Harrison's fitness as commander. Harrison was, however, awarded the Thanks of Congress and a
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Indiana Yellow
Jackets were under heavy fire, unable to hold their line, their commander, Captain Spencer, dead. His death is documented in Harrison's November 18, 1811 dispatch to Eustis: "Spencer was wounded in the head. He exhorted his men to fight valiantly. He was shot through both thighs and fell; still continuing to encourage them, he was raised up, and received a ball through his body, which put an immediate end to his existence." Harrison moved two reserve companies under the command of Captain Robb to join Spencer's only living officer, ensign
45:
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is still the subject of debate, but it was certainly lower than that of the
American forces. Historians estimate that as many as 50 were killed and about 70 to 80 were wounded. The warriors retreated to Prophetstown where, according to one chief's account, they confronted Tenskwatawa, accusing him of deceit because of the many deaths, which his spells were supposed to have prevented. He blamed his wife for desecrating his magic medicine and offered to cast a new spell; he insisted that the warriors launch a second attack, but they refused.
868:. The month of October was spent constructing the fort, resupplying and training the troops. The Shawnee captured a group of Delaware chiefs traveling to Harrison, who had asked them to act as negotiators; after their release they arrived at the end of October with accounts of various aggressive actions. When a guard was shot outside the fort, Harrison considered it an aggressive action and reason for military retaliation against Prophetstown. He wrote to Eustis: "Nothing now remains but to chastise him and he shall certainly get it.
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677:, known as the Prophet, was a spiritual leader among the northwestern tribes, advocating for a return to traditional ancestral ways. Though Tecumseh resisted the 1809 treaty, he was reluctant to confront the United States directly. He traveled through tribal lands, urging warriors to abandon their chiefs to join his effort, threatening to kill chiefs and warriors who adhered to the terms of the treaty, building a resistance at
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Prophetstown attacked
Harrison's army. They took the army by surprise, but Harrison and his men stood their ground for more than two hours. After the battle, Harrison's men burned Prophetstown to the ground, destroying the food supplies stored for the winter. The soldiers then returned to their homes.
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Historians have long believed that
Tecumseh was furious with Tenskwatawa for losing the battle, and that Tecumseh had threatened to kill his brother for making the attack. Tenskwatawa lost prestige after the battle and no longer served as a leader of the confederacy. In their subsequent meetings with
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On the northern end of the camp, Major
Daveiss led the dragoons on a counter-charge. Most of Daveiss' company subsequently retreated to Harrison's main line following the charge, but Daveiss was killed. The grove was cleared by the 4th regiment regulars. To the rear, the attack was the strongest. The
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Harrison claimed that he had won a decisive victory, but some modern historians raise doubts. "In none of the reports from Indian agents, traders, and public officials on the aftermath of
Tippecanoe can we find confirmation of the claim that Harrison had won a decisive victory", according to Alfred
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The battle lasted about two hours and
Harrison sustained 188 casualties: 37 died in action, 25 were mortally wounded. Another 126 sustained less serious wounds. The Yellow Jackets suffered the highest casualties of the battle, with all but one officer killed. The number of Native American casualties
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In the following year, Harrison blamed the
Shawnee for the murder of a handful of men on the frontier and for the theft of a boatload of salt, but more importantly sent a stream of letters to Washington requesting permission to move against them. He wrote, "In Indian warfare there is no security but
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in Europe. An Ohio newspaper printed a copy of dispatches from
Kentucky and characterized the battle as a defeat for the United States. Shocked at the loss of Daveiss, well-known and liked, Kentucky papers criticized Harrison and one ran a front page lament for Daveiss. When the story was picked up
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The following day, November 8, Harrison sent a small group of men to inspect the Shawnee town and found it was deserted except for one elderly woman too sick to flee. The remainder of the defeated villagers had evacuated during the night. Harrison ordered the village burned, including 5,000 bushels
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were Tenskwatawa's war chiefs. The Prophet situated himself on a small hill overlooking the battle. The element of surprise was lost at the start of the battle, forcing the warriors to attack in a disorganized and uncoordinated fashion, with numerous small assaults. They reorganized and rushed the
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sent orders to preserve peace with the Native Americans, but went on to say, "but if the Prophet should commence, or seriously threaten, hostilities he ought to be attacked." Harrison sent a series of letters to Tenskwatawa with a number of demands. He accused Tenskwatawa's followers of murdering
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Accounts are unclear about how the battle began, but Harrison's sentinels encountered advancing warriors in the pre-dawn hours of November 7. Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Bartholomew was officer of the day, and he had ordered the troops to sleep with their weapons loaded. Around 4:30 a.m., the
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and his Potawatomi); ordered non-Shawnee residents banned from Prophetstown; and accused the Shawnee of horse theft. Tenskwatawa replied that the horses would be returned but failed to address the other demands. Harrison started raising troops. About 400 militia came from Indiana and 120 cavalry
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Harrison accomplished his goal of destroying Prophetstown. The win proved decisive and garnered Harrison the nickname of "Tippecanoe". Meanwhile, the defeat dealt a fatal blow for Tecumseh's confederacy and, though comeback attempts were made, it never fully recovered. So popular was Harrison's
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The day after the battle, the American wounded were loaded onto wagons and brought back to Vincennes. They arrived at Fort Harrison about six days later. They boarded boats for the return to Vincennes on the river, arriving on November 18, at which point the militia was released home. Harrison
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by force and was away recruiting allies when Harrison's army arrived. Tenskwatawa was a spiritual leader but not a military man, and he was in charge. Harrison camped near Prophetstown on November 6 and arranged to meet with Tenskwatawa the following day. Early the next morning warriors from
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Harrison returned to the battlefield in 1835 to give speeches during his first presidential campaign, and he called for the creation of a memorial to preserve the battle site. John Tipton later purchased the land to preserve it and deeded it to the state on November 7, 1836, which was the
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informed Eustis of a battle near the Tippecanoe River, giving extensive details. Eustis replied with a note demanding to know why Harrison had not taken adequate precautions in fortifying his camp. Harrison replied that he had considered the position strong enough without fortification.
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Cave. The defeat was a setback for Tecumseh's confederacy, although they rebuilt Prophetstown, and native violence increased on the frontier after the battle. Adam Jortner says that the battle was a disaster for both sides, except in strengthening Tenskwatawa's religious movement.
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of corn and beans in the storehouse. Furthermore, he had the village cemetery dug up, with corpses left strewn about. After Harrison's troops departed the area, the villagers returned, digging up many of the American corpses and scattering the bodies in retaliation.
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Harrison's forces approached Prophetstown on November 6. He was to meet the next day with Tenskwatawa but believed negotiation futile. They made camp on Burnett's Creek, (Battleground, Indiana); the troops bedded down fully dressed and armed, based on Harrison's
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that the confederation was better armed than most of his own force. In addition to muskets, knives, tomahawks, and clubs, the Tecumseh's forces were armed with spears in order to repel bayonet charges, which the U.S. used effectively at the 1794
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shook the South and the Midwest. Many tribes took the earthquake as a vindication of Tenskwatawa's powers, seeing it as a "call to action". They increased their attacks against American settlers and against isolated outposts in Indiana and the
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in offensive measures." He summoned Tecumseh to a meeting in the summer of 1811. As before, Tecumseh presented himself as an eloquent speaker but the meeting proved unproductive. Tecumseh informed Harrison he was leaving to recruit among the
665:, opposed the 1809 Treaty of Fort Wayne. He believed that land was owned in common by all tribes; therefore specific parcels of lands could not be sold without full agreement from all the tribes. The previous generation
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Harrison, several Native Americans leaders claimed that Tenskwatawa's influence was destroyed; some accounts said that he was being persecuted by other leaders. The situation was more nuanced according to historians
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in Prophetstown, a settlement that had grown to a few hundred structures and a sizable population. At the time of the battle, he had around 500 warriors available, although estimates range from 350 to 1,000. The
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according to battle lines, they kept blazing fires alight in the rain, which illuminated the camp. Harrison did not command fortifications erected. The perimeter was guarded by two companies of sentries. Captain
915:), was posted on the southern end of the camp perimeter. The rest of the militia established an irregular rectangular formation along the edges of the bluff surrounding the camp. Lieutenant Colonel
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In the following years, the battle site attracted fewer visitors and fell into disrepair. The Tippecanoe County Historical Association now maintains the battleground and a museum about the battle.
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and Robert Owens who explain the Native Americans were trying to mislead Harrison in an attempt to calm the situation, and that Tenskwatawa continued to play an important role in the confederacy.
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The Shawnee partially rebuilt Prophetstown over the next year. Tecumseh continued to play a major role in military operations on the frontier. His warriors were with British forces that captured
1068:, resulting in the deaths of many civilians. Tecumseh continued to play a major role in military operations on the frontier. By the time that the U.S. declared war on Great Britain in the
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and asked to wait upon his return to commence settlement on the disputed lands. He said he wanted "no mischief" during his absence, a plea he made to Harrison and Tenskwatawa.
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53:, American troops under the leadership of General William Henry Harrison fighting the Indian forces of The Prophet, Tenskwatawa (the brother of Tecumseh) in a forest.
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In 1908, the Indiana General Assembly commissioned an obelisk memorial at the battleground that was 85-foot (26 m) high. On October 9, 1960, the
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Americans whenever Harrison's troops drove them off. Meanwhile, warriors with rifles crawled on their stomachs from the woods towards the line.
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577:. As tensions and violence increased, Governor Harrison marched with an army of about 1,000 men to attack the confederacy's headquarters at
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volunteers from Kentucky, led by Kentucky's U.S. District Attorney Joseph Hamilton Daveiss. There were 300 Army regulars commanded by Col.
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in 1818 for victory at the Battle of the Thames. A number of counties in Indiana were named for American soldiers at the battle:
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At first, newspapers carried little information about the battle, as they were focused on the highlights of the on-going
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language, and many could speak multiple languages within those groups. The large Winnebago force, however, spoke the
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were kept in reserve behind the main line, commanded by Major Floyd, Major Daveiss, and former congressman Captain
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was named a national historic landmark. In 1961, some 10,000 people attended the 150th anniversary of the battle.
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in 1800, and he sought to secure title to the area for settlement. He negotiated land cession treaties with the
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The Encyclopedia of North American Indian Wars, 1607–1890: A Political, Social, and Military History
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is thought to have sung or chanted from this rock to exhort his warriors against Harrison's forces.
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advocated a similar philosophy and called for unification of tribes. Tecumseh's younger brother
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The Gods of Prophetstown: The Battle of Tippecanoe and the Holy War for the American Frontier
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writing, "Governor Harrison's account with the Indians, in general, is not very satisfying."
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Harrison believed military force the only solution towards militant tribes. Secretary of War
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Mr. Jefferson's Hammer: William Henry Harrison and the Origins of American Indian Policy
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from the United States in the War of 1812, and it was not until Tecumseh's death at the
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leveraged Harrison's successes, using the song as a slogan and reminder of the battle.
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Document released to the public after the battle, containing letters from Harrison.
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A map included in the Treaty of Prophetstown and Site of Battle of Tippecanoe, 1819
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in 1816 that he did not order his warriors to attack Harrison, and he blamed the
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under Waweapakoosa were organized into large units of 125, with smaller units of
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Battles That Changed American History: 100 of the Greatest Victories and Defeats
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To Compel with Armed Force: A Staff Ride Handbook for the Battle of Tippecanoe
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2142:. Louisville: John P. Morton & Co./ Library Reprints. p. 158.
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commanded all infantry units guarding the front line. The regulars and
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Lives and Times: Individuals and Issues in American History: To 1877
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Union 1812: The Americans Who Fought the Second War of Independence
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Delegate of Northwest Territory's at-large congressional district
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Dillon, John Brown (1859). "Letters of William Henry Harrison".
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in 1813 that his confederacy ceased to threaten the Americans.
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36 known dead (Estimated 50–65 killed and 70–80 wounded)+ 1 POW
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1822 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio
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Prophet's Rock near the Tippecanoe battleground about 1902.
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Tenskwatawa stayed with the Shawnee who were camped at the
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1985:. Tippecanoe County Historical Association. Archived from
1957:. Tippecanoe County Historical Association. Archived from
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2013:
The Routledge Historical Atlas of Presidential Campaigns
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Wars involving the indigenous peoples of North America
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1963 Indiana State Fairgrounds Coliseum gas explosion
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Harrison gathered the scattered militia companies at
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from the Siouan family, and required interpretation.
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Representative of Ohio's 1st congressional district
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by Benson Lossing in 1848, based on an 1808 drawing
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2227:. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute,
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1118:The white participants in the battle received the
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2009:
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844:whites in Illinois (almost certainly the work of
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654:, the second of such treaties after the earlier
565:(commonly known as "The Prophet"), leaders of a
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1214:Blaine T. Brownell; Robert C. Cottrell (2010).
689:In 1810, Tecumseh and Governor Harrison met at
1155:preservation of the Tippecanoe Battle-ground.
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1151:It shall be the duty of the General Assembly,
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2010:Carnes, Mark C.; Mieczkowski, Yanek (2001).
1858:The life and times of William Henry Harrison
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1482:. Indiana State Museum. 2009. Archived from
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3840:List of memorials to William Henry Harrison
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1055:Historical marker at the site of the battle
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2037:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
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1590:
1588:
1565:
1553:
1515:
1442:
1428:
1308:
1306:
1220:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 130.
911:riflemen, (known for their light-colored
592:Tecumseh was not yet ready to oppose the
4651:WikiProject Indiana's History Department
3859:Gen. William Henry Harrison Headquarters
3773:1840 United States presidential election
3768:1836 United States presidential election
1854:Burr, S. J.; Burr, Samuel Jones (1840).
1853:
1817:
1161:twenty-fifth anniversary of the battle.
1109:
1050:
1018:
975:
948:
889:
254:Battle of Tippecanoe (the United States)
4641:History of the Midwestern United States
2235:
1972:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1749:
1715:
1713:
1698:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1632:
1630:
1602:
1600:
1534:
1532:
1412:
1410:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1377:
1375:
1333:
1284:
1282:
1059:On December 16, 1811, the first of the
4663:
4012:
3818:Inauguration of William Henry Harrison
3361:
3012:
1904:"Congressional Gold Medals, 1776–2008"
1585:
1303:
1296:
1294:
3986:
3592:
3414:
2279:
2238:Tippecanoe 1811. The Prophet's Battle
2110:
1731:
1315:
537:) was fought on November 7, 1811, in
271:
3667:Governor of the Territory of Indiana
3442:Indiana Territory in the War of 1812
3383:
2165:The Tippecanoe Battle-field Monument
2030:
1781:
1767:
1710:
1666:
1627:
1618:
1609:
1597:
1529:
1407:
1384:
1372:
1354:
1279:
1920:
1901:
1324:
1291:
930:Tenskwatawa told Michigan Governor
13:
4701:Native American history of Indiana
2096:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
808:and other nations organized under
553:and tribal forces associated with
14:
4742:
4488:Indiana State Fair stage collapse
4367:Black Day of the General Assembly
2255:
860:north of Vincennes. They reached
4088:
4082:
4076:
3966:
3965:
3801:
3489:
3393:
3382:
3371:
3360:
3349:
3338:
2999:
2849:
2619:
2329:
2262:
2196:Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2011).
1983:"Tippecanoe Battlefield History"
942:chief told British Indian agent
746:
727:
712:
487:
245:
238:
212:
205:
43:
1947:
1938:
1929:
1895:
1886:
1877:
1866:from the original on 2022-11-11
1847:
1838:
1829:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1758:
1740:
1648:
1624:Tucker, vol. 1, p. 786, col. 2.
1506:
1497:
1472:
1463:
1454:
1419:
1398:
1363:
1345:
1181:
3635:President of the United States
1270:
1261:
1234:
1207:
1:
4556:Historical political strength
4415:Indianapolis strike and riots
3778:1839 Whig National Convention
2797:Emuckfaw and Enotachopo Creek
2168:. New York: State of Indiana.
1201:
620:
581:, near the confluence of the
567:confederacy of various tribes
257:Show map of the United States
16:1811 battle of Tecumseh's War
4681:Battles in the Old Northwest
4637:History of the United States
4465:Supreme Court Reorganization
2119:University of Oklahoma Press
2034:Prophets of the Great Spirit
1004:
864:where they camped and built
7:
4450:Shipp & Smith lynchings
4405:Indianapolis Motor Speedway
4322:Public Works and Bankruptcy
4281:Mary Clark v. G.W. Johnston
3723:Treaty of Fort Wayne (1809)
2321:Timeline of the War of 1812
2195:
2076:. Oxford University Press.
1114:Monument at the battle site
1105:
661:The leader of the Shawnee,
10:
4747:
4686:Battles of the War of 1812
3713:Treaty of St. Louis (1804)
3572:
3311:
2317:Battles of the War of 1812
2221:Tunnell, IV, H.D. (1998).
2003:
1856:"Burr, Samuel Jones (1840)
1241:Spencer C. Tucker (2014).
1096:1840 presidential campaign
1011:Indiana in the War of 1812
1008:
878:Tippecanoe order of battle
875:
701:as well as contacting the
684:
624:
615:1840 presidential campaign
80:Tippecanoe County, Indiana
49:19th-century depiction by
4676:1811 in Indiana Territory
4632:
4574:
4496:
4473:
4385:
4307:2nd Indiana Canal Company
4258:
4250:Constitutional Convention
4245:1st Indiana Canal Company
4180:
4097:
4074:
4023:
3944:
3877:
3832:
3810:
3799:
3685:
3643:Minister to Gran Colombia
3626:
3570:
3534:
3498:
3487:
3448:
3309:
3272:
3254:
3216:
3198:
3043:
3034:
2998:
2891:
2863:
2847:
2820:
2742:
2699:
2661:
2633:
2617:
2575:
2547:
2529:
2481:
2463:
2420:
2397:
2379:
2361:
2343:
2327:
2314:
2111:Owens, Robert M. (2007).
2058:. Bingham & Doughty.
871:
307:
199:
182:
162:
145:
128:
57:
42:
30:
25:
4377:Golden Age of Literature
3788:Tippecanoe and Tyler Too
2236:Winkler, John F (2015).
2139:The Battle of Tippecanoe
2136:Pirtle, Alfred. (1900).
2031:Cave, Alfred A. (2006).
1247:. ABC-CLIO. p. 83.
1174:
1124:Congressional Gold Medal
1088:Tippecanoe and Tyler too
819:Battle of Fallen Timbers
607:Tippecanoe and Tyler too
4352:Eli Lilly & Company
3917:Carter Bassett Harrison
3698:First American Regiment
3125:Chesapeake Bay Flotilla
2072:Jortner, Adam. (2011).
2016:. New York: Routledge.
1805:Sugden, pp. 260–61
887:Bartholomew's advice.
226:Location within Indiana
4731:William Henry Harrison
3758:Treaty of Spring Wells
3620:William Henry Harrison
3456:William Henry Harrison
1451:Winkler (2015), pg. 33
1166:Tippecanoe Battlefield
1157:
1115:
1061:New Madrid earthquakes
1056:
1024:
981:
958:
895:
754:William Henry Harrison
632:William Henry Harrison
547:William Henry Harrison
539:Battle Ground, Indiana
458:Mackinac Island (1814)
157:William Henry Harrison
146:Commanders and leaders
135:Tecumseh's Confederacy
4317:Wabash and Erie Canal
4235:Abolitionist movement
4122:French and Indian War
3929:Benjamin Harrison III
3743:Army of the Northwest
2173:Sugden, John (1999).
1955:"Battlefield History"
1439:Winkler (2015), p. 32
1425:Winkler (2015), p. 34
1149:
1113:
1054:
1022:
979:
952:
909:Indiana Yellow Jacket
893:
876:Further information:
545:led by then Governor
301:Old Northwest theater
183:Casualties and losses
120:United States victory
101:40.50694°N 86.84389°W
4711:November 1811 events
4445:Freeman Field mutiny
4332:Mexican-American War
4327:Underground Railroad
4287:Treaty of St. Mary's
4225:Battle of Tippecanoe
4210:Treaty of Grouseland
4167:Northwest Indian War
4063:La Salle Expeditions
3923:Benjamin Harrison IV
3911:Benjamin Harrison VI
3753:Battle of the Thames
3738:Battle of Tippecanoe
3718:Treaty of Grouseland
3703:Treaty of Greenville
3579:Battle of Tippecanoe
3314:American Indian Wars
2363:District of Columbia
2117:. Norman, Oklahoma:
2055:A History of Indiana
1342:Langguth, pp. 165–66
1312:Langguth, pp. 164–65
1187:"Fort Knox II", not
1081:Battle of the Thames
862:Terre Haute, Indiana
652:Treaty of Fort Wayne
483:Battle of Tippecanoe
334:Fort Mackinac (1812)
223:class=notpageimage|
33:American Indian Wars
26:Battle of Tippecanoe
4297:Fall Creek massacre
4200:Treaty of Vincennes
4157:Northwest Territory
4142:George Rogers Clark
4137:American Revolution
3937:(great-grandfather)
3931:(great-grandfather)
3905:Benjamin Harrison V
3893:John Scott Harrison
3869:Curse of Tippecanoe
3825:(acting First Lady)
3823:Jane Irwin Harrison
3693:Berkeley Plantation
2162:Resa, Alva (1909).
1321:Langguth, pp. 158–9
229:Show map of Indiana
106:40.50694; -86.84389
97: /
4691:Battles in Indiana
4576:By city and locale
4162:Wabash Confederacy
3950:← Martin Van Buren
2648:Rock Island Rapids
2595:Chesconessex Creek
2240:. Oxford: Osprey.
1902:Stathis, Stephen.
1755:Owens, pp. 219–220
1746:Dillon, pp. 466–71
1512:Tunnell, pp. 39–40
1120:Thanks of Congress
1116:
1066:Illinois Territory
1057:
1025:
982:
959:
917:Joseph Bartholomew
896:
894:Joseph Bartholomew
788:under Mengoatowa,
601:nickname that the
573:settlement of the
453:Rock Island Rapids
4696:Conflicts in 1811
4658:
4657:
4274:Polly v. Lasselle
4190:Indiana Territory
4147:Illinois campaign
3980:
3979:
3899:Benjamin Harrison
3651:Senator from Ohio
3586:
3585:
3408:
3407:
3305:
3304:
3030:
3029:
2994:
2993:
2946:Queenston Heights
2926:Frenchman's Creek
2883:2nd Lacolle Mills
2878:1st Lacolle Mills
2843:
2842:
2613:
2612:
2306:Conflicts of the
2213:978-1-8510-9603-9
2202:. Santa Barbara:
2188:978-0-8050-6121-5
2149:978-0-7222-6509-3
2128:978-0-8061-3842-8
2103:978-0-7432-2618-9
2065:978-0-253-20305-2
2044:978-0-8032-1555-9
2023:978-0-415-92139-8
1892:Owens, pp. 220–21
1737:Pirtle, pp. 76–77
1469:Owens, pp. 214–15
1460:Cave, pp. 116–118
834:Ho-Chunk language
739:Charles Bird King
636:Indiana Territory
575:American frontier
571:European-American
551:Indiana Territory
476:
475:
266:
265:
124:
123:
4738:
4561:Native Americans
4536:General Assembly
4430:Great Depression
4337:New Constitution
4312:Whitewater Canal
4205:Johnny Appleseed
4092:
4091:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4079:
4058:European contact
4007:
4000:
3993:
3984:
3983:
3969:
3968:
3805:
3678:
3670:
3662:
3654:
3646:
3638:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3590:
3589:
3493:
3435:
3428:
3421:
3412:
3411:
3397:
3386:
3385:
3375:
3364:
3363:
3353:
3342:
3041:
3040:
3010:
3009:
3003:
2861:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2653:Prairie du Chien
2631:
2630:
2626:U.S. territories
2624:
2623:
2341:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2251:
2232:
2217:
2192:
2175:Tecumseh: A Life
2169:
2153:
2132:
2107:
2069:
2048:
2027:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1979:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1951:
1945:
1944:Resa, pp. 7, 117
1942:
1936:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1909:. Archived from
1908:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1827:
1826:Cave, pp. 134–36
1824:
1815:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1788:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1765:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1708:
1705:
1696:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1678:
1677:Langguth, p. 169
1675:
1664:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1625:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1607:
1604:
1595:
1592:
1583:
1580:
1563:
1560:
1551:
1548:
1539:
1536:
1527:
1524:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1476:
1470:
1467:
1461:
1458:
1452:
1449:
1440:
1437:
1426:
1423:
1417:
1414:
1405:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1382:
1381:Langguth, p. 167
1379:
1370:
1367:
1361:
1360:Langguth, p. 164
1358:
1352:
1351:Langguth, p. 166
1349:
1343:
1340:
1331:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1313:
1310:
1301:
1298:
1289:
1286:
1277:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1211:
1195:
1185:
1034:Long Island Star
851:John Parker Boyd
750:
731:
716:
583:Tippecanoe River
561:and his brother
534:
530:
525:
524:
521:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
448:Prairie du Chien
302:
292:
285:
278:
269:
268:
258:
249:
248:
242:
230:
216:
215:
209:
112:
111:
109:
108:
107:
102:
98:
95:
94:
93:
90:
65:November 7, 1811
59:
58:
51:Kurz and Allison
47:
23:
22:
4746:
4745:
4741:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4735:
4716:Shawnee history
4661:
4660:
4659:
4654:
4648:
4628:
4570:
4492:
4469:
4420:Samuel Woodfill
4381:
4372:Indiana pi bill
4302:Bank of Indiana
4292:Indian Removals
4254:
4215:Indiana Rangers
4176:
4093:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4072:
4019:
4011:
3981:
3976:
3940:
3935:Robert Carter I
3873:
3828:
3806:
3797:
3681:
3673:
3665:
3657:
3649:
3641:
3630:
3622:
3617:
3587:
3582:
3581:
3566:
3562:Tipton's Island
3530:
3494:
3485:
3481:Indiana Rangers
3444:
3439:
3409:
3404:
3328:
3322:Napoleonic Wars
3301:
3268:
3250:
3246:Sacket's Harbor
3212:
3194:
3026:
2990:
2941:Malcolm's Mills
2887:
2848:
2839:
2816:
2738:
2719:Mackinac Island
2695:
2657:
2618:
2609:
2571:
2543:
2525:
2521:Sacket's Harbor
2491:Big Sandy Creek
2477:
2459:
2416:
2393:
2375:
2357:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2310:
2304:
2268:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2248:
2214:
2189:
2154:as read to the
2150:
2129:
2104:
2088:Langguth, A. J.
2066:
2045:
2024:
2006:
2001:
1992:
1990:
1981:
1980:
1973:
1964:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1913:
1906:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1883:Tunnell, p. 146
1882:
1878:
1869:
1867:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1778:Jortner, p. 199
1777:
1768:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1728:Tunnell, p. 175
1727:
1723:
1719:Jortner, p. 196
1718:
1711:
1706:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1686:Tunnell, p. 134
1685:
1681:
1676:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1654:Dillon, p. 471.
1653:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1598:
1594:Cave, p. 120–21
1593:
1586:
1581:
1566:
1561:
1554:
1550:Tunnell, p. 148
1549:
1542:
1537:
1530:
1525:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1489:
1487:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1443:
1438:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1408:
1404:Jornter, p. 184
1403:
1399:
1395:Jornter, p. 183
1394:
1385:
1380:
1373:
1369:Jornter, p. 177
1368:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1304:
1299:
1292:
1287:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1108:
1029:Napoleonic Wars
1013:
1007:
880:
874:
765:
764:
763:
762:
761:
758:Rembrandt Peale
751:
743:
742:
732:
724:
723:
717:
687:
629:
623:
543:American forces
532:
528:
490:
486:
479:
478:
477:
472:
468:Malcolm's Mills
416:Fort Stephenson
406:Tipton's Island
303:
300:
298:
296:
262:
261:
260:
259:
256:
255:
252:
251:
250:
233:
232:
231:
228:
227:
225:
219:
218:
217:
194:
189:
177:
175:
105:
103:
99:
96:
91:
88:
86:
84:
83:
82:
48:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4744:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4656:
4655:
4645:Portal:Indiana
4633:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4580:
4578:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4546:Historic sites
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4502:
4500:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4485:
4479:
4477:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4435:John Dillinger
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4391:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4277:
4270:
4264:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4220:Tecumseh's War
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4186:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4103:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4029:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4010:
4009:
4002:
3995:
3987:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3961:
3960:
3953:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3920:
3914:
3908:
3902:
3896:
3890:
3883:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3849:
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3326:Tecumseh's War
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3287:Charles Island
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3005:Spanish Empire
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2916:Crysler's Farm
2913:
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2897:
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2782:Horseshoe Bend
2779:
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2767:Callabee Creek
2764:
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2605:Farnham Church
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2531:North Carolina
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2270:Indiana portal
2257:
2256:External links
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2084:
2082:978-0199765294
2070:
2064:
2049:
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2028:
2022:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1971:
1946:
1937:
1928:
1919:
1916:on 2015-04-03.
1894:
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1798:
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1697:
1695:Tunnell, p. 99
1688:
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1663:Tunnell, p. 66
1656:
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1645:Tunnell, p. 67
1638:
1626:
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1596:
1584:
1582:Tunnell, p. 65
1564:
1562:Tunnell, p. 73
1552:
1540:
1528:
1526:Tunnell, p. 61
1514:
1505:
1496:
1480:"Fort Knox II"
1471:
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1290:
1288:Owens, p. xxiv
1278:
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1267:Tunnell, p. 13
1260:
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1042:Alfred A. Cave
1006:
1003:
944:Matthew Elliot
925:Benjamin Parke
898:Positioned in
873:
870:
841:William Eustis
756:as painted by
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733:
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656:treaty of 1803
627:Tecumseh's War
625:Main article:
622:
619:
474:
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431:McCrae's House
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379:Wild Cat Creek
376:
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369:Copus massacre
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37:Tecumseh's War
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15:
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4709:
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4706:Night battles
4704:
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4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
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4684:
4682:
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4671:1810s battles
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4599:Hartford City
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4483:Flood of 2008
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4048:Mississippian
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4025:Early history
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3542:Fort Harrison
3540:
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3535:Battles/raids
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3521:Fort Vallonia
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3476:William Wells
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3036:Naval battles
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2971:Elizabethtown
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2792:Tallushatchee
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2590:Craney Island
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2445:Caulk's Field
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2019:
2015:
2014:
2008:
2007:
1989:on 2009-04-17
1988:
1984:
1978:
1976:
1961:on 2009-02-24
1960:
1956:
1950:
1941:
1932:
1926:Pirtle, p. 78
1923:
1912:
1905:
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1844:Carnes, p. 41
1841:
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1802:
1793:
1784:
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1771:
1764:Owens, p. 220
1761:
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1503:Owens, p. 216
1500:
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1300:Owens, p. 212
1297:
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1276:Owens, p. 206
1273:
1264:
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362:
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357:
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349:Fort Dearborn
347:
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38:
34:
29:
24:
19:
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4614:Lake Wawasee
4604:Indianapolis
4440:World War II
4425:Indiana Klan
4279:
4272:
4224:
4127:British Rule
3964:
3957:John Tyler →
3955:
3948:
3851:
3844:
3833:Public image
3737:
3578:
3552:Mississinewa
3526:Pigeon Roost
3400:news stories
3378:source texts
3282:James Island
3241:Lake Ontario
3188:
3184:
3176:
3173:Constitution
3172:
3164:
3156:
3143:
3135:
3132:Constitution
3131:
3118:
3110:
3102:
3094:
3086:
3078:
3070:
3062:
3054:
2951:Stoney Creek
2936:Lundy's Lane
2911:Cook's Mills
2893:Upper Canada
2865:Lower Canada
2675:
2671:Mississinewa
2585:Rappahannock
2435:St. Michaels
2237:
2223:
2198:
2177:. New York:
2174:
2164:
2138:
2113:
2092:
2073:
2054:
2033:
2012:
1991:. Retrieved
1987:the original
1963:. Retrieved
1959:the original
1949:
1940:
1935:Resa, p. 110
1931:
1922:
1911:the original
1897:
1888:
1879:
1868:. Retrieved
1857:
1849:
1840:
1835:Cave, p. 123
1831:
1814:Cave, p. 130
1810:
1801:
1796:Cave, p. 127
1792:
1783:
1760:
1751:
1742:
1733:
1724:
1707:Cave, p. 122
1691:
1682:
1659:
1650:
1641:
1636:Owen, p. 218
1620:
1615:Cave, p. 119
1611:
1538:Owen, p. 217
1508:
1499:
1488:. Retrieved
1484:the original
1474:
1465:
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1074:
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1033:
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995:
983:
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960:
929:
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885:Aide-de-camp
881:
855:
838:
823:
778:
766:
688:
679:Prophetstown
671:Joseph Brant
660:
644:Pottawatomie
630:
599:
591:
587:Wabash River
579:Prophetstown
569:who opposed
482:
480:
401:Africa Point
384:Mississinewa
329:River Canard
316:
129:Belligerents
18:
4624:Terre Haute
4506:Auto racing
4410:World War I
4230:War of 1812
4112:Fort Miamis
4068:French Rule
4053:Beaver Wars
3677:(1799–1800)
3669:(1801–1812)
3661:(1816–1819)
3653:(1825–1828)
3471:John Tipton
3264:Lake Borgne
3218:Great Lakes
2901:Beaver Dams
2873:Chateauguay
2812:Sinquefield
2802:Fort Bowyer
2777:Holy Ground
2772:Canoe Fight
2744:Mississippi
2506:Plattsburgh
2450:North Point
2440:Bladensburg
2407:New Orleans
2308:War of 1812
2156:Filson Club
1128:Bartholomew
1070:War of 1812
987:John Tipton
970:Stone Eater
955:Tenskwatawa
735:Tenskwatawa
675:Tenskwatawa
563:Tenskwatawa
195:126 wounded
178:700 militia
176:90 cavalry,
152:Tenskwatawa
104: /
4665:Categories
4635:See also:
4619:South Bend
4589:Fort Wayne
4584:Evansville
4475:Since 2000
4395:White Caps
4347:Golden Age
4172:Petit Fort
4014:History of
3901:(grandson)
3811:Presidency
3748:Fort Meigs
3708:Grouseland
3573:See also:
3547:Fort Wayne
3516:Fort Wayne
3345:definition
3312:See also:
3297:Valparaiso
3256:Gulf Coast
3236:Lake Huron
3189:Macedonian
3111:Chesapeake
2976:Port Dover
2762:Burnt Corn
2714:Frenchtown
2709:Brownstown
2676:Tippecanoe
2600:Alexandria
2557:Stephenson
2516:Black Rock
2501:Ogdensburg
2412:St. Philip
2371:Washington
1993:2009-03-27
1965:2009-02-24
1870:2015-11-17
1787:Owens, 222
1490:2011-05-07
1202:References
1092:John Tyler
1009:See also:
966:White Loon
932:Lewis Cass
790:Potawatomi
781:Tippecanoe
741:, ca. 1820
695:Potawatomi
691:Grouseland
621:Background
611:John Tyler
541:, between
463:Lake Huron
411:Fort Meigs
396:Frenchtown
374:Fort Wayne
339:Brownstown
317:Tippecanoe
193:62 killed,
92:86°50′38″W
89:40°30′25″N
4609:Lafayette
4541:Governors
4531:Ghostlore
4526:Elections
4516:Disasters
4387:1900–1999
4357:Reno Gang
4342:Civil War
4268:Statehood
4260:1817–1899
4182:1800–1816
4117:Ouiatenon
4107:Vincennes
4099:1700–1799
3919:(brother)
3913:(brother)
3511:Fort Knox
3506:Eel River
3356:textbooks
3318:Creek War
3292:Nuku Hiva
3226:Lake Erie
3208:La Guaira
3177:Guerriere
3119:President
3022:Pensacola
2981:Gananoque
2931:Longwoods
2835:Sink Hole
2787:Talladega
2455:Baltimore
2399:Louisiana
2179:Macmillan
1860:, p. 237"
1189:Fort Knox
1005:Aftermath
913:buckskins
858:Fort Knox
830:Algonquin
826:Iroquoian
810:Roundhead
798:Winnebago
794:Waubonsie
443:Longwoods
421:Lake Erie
4721:Tecumseh
4498:By topic
4362:Gas boom
4043:Hopewell
3971:Category
3907:(father)
3853:Tecumseh
3466:Tecumseh
3332:Category
3165:Reindeer
3095:Dominica
3071:Epervier
2986:2nd Erie
2966:1st Erie
2906:Chippawa
2822:Missouri
2757:Autossee
2734:Mackinac
2701:Michigan
2686:Harrison
2643:Dearborn
2635:Illinois
2577:Virginia
2539:Ocracoke
2483:New York
2422:Maryland
2345:Delaware
2204:ABC-CLIO
2090:(2006).
1864:Archived
1193:Kentucky
1106:Memorial
991:scalping
940:Kickapoo
936:Ho-Chunk
921:dragoons
846:Main Poc
786:Kickapoo
774:Choctaws
770:Muscogee
720:Tecumseh
697:and the
663:Tecumseh
605:turned "
585:and the
559:Tecumseh
188:Unknown
170:warriors
168:500–700
163:Strength
70:Location
31:Part of
4566:Slavery
4521:Economy
4511:Battles
4240:Harmony
4017:Indiana
3187:vs HMS
3175:vs HMS
3157:Peacock
3134:vs HMS
3087:Penguin
3014:Florida
2729:Detroit
2724:Maguaga
2663:Indiana
2511:Niagara
2496:Buffalo
2473:Hampden
2381:Georgia
2004:Sources
1144:Warrick
1136:Spencer
1132:Daviess
1094:in the
900:pickets
806:Wyandot
802:Shawnee
760:in 1814
685:Prelude
669:leader
557:leader
555:Shawnee
549:of the
354:Detroit
344:Maguaga
4551:People
4033:Clovis
3889:(wife)
3879:Family
3645:(1829)
3637:(1841)
3499:Places
3449:People
3398:
3387:
3376:
3367:quotes
3365:
3354:
3343:
3324:, and
3231:Oswego
3079:Frolic
2956:Thames
2921:George
2244:
2210:
2185:
2146:
2125:
2100:
2080:
2062:
2041:
2020:
1251:
1224:
1140:Tipton
1098:. The
993:them.
872:Battle
796:, and
792:under
667:Mohawk
648:Lenape
531:-ə-kə-
426:Thames
117:Result
4038:Adena
3895:(son)
3389:media
3150:Fayal
3103:Argus
3063:Cyane
3055:Boxer
2752:Bashi
2691:Wayne
2567:Meigs
2562:Copus
2465:Maine
2389:Peter
2353:Lewes
1914:(PDF)
1907:(PDF)
1175:Notes
1100:Whigs
699:Odawa
640:Miami
603:Whigs
74:Near
4643:and
4594:Gary
3686:Life
3577:and
3183:USS
3171:USS
3163:HMS
3155:HMS
3144:Avon
3142:HMS
3136:Java
3130:USS
3117:USS
3109:USS
3101:USS
3093:HMS
3085:HMS
3077:HMS
3069:HMS
3061:HMS
3053:HMS
2961:York
2807:Mims
2549:Ohio
2242:ISBN
2208:ISBN
2183:ISBN
2144:ISBN
2123:ISBN
2098:ISBN
2078:ISBN
2060:ISBN
2039:ISBN
2018:ISBN
1249:ISBN
1222:ISBN
1142:and
968:and
772:and
703:Iowa
481:The
437:1814
390:1813
323:1812
311:1811
62:Date
35:and
3632:9th
1191:in
907:'s
828:or
737:by
613:'s
533:NOO
529:TIP
4667::
4639:,
3320:,
3316:,
2206:.
2181:.
2121:.
1974:^
1862:.
1819:^
1769:^
1712:^
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1629:^
1599:^
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1567:^
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1543:^
1531:^
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1444:^
1430:^
1409:^
1386:^
1374:^
1335:^
1305:^
1293:^
1281:^
1146:.
1138:,
1134:,
1130:,
927:.
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681:.
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