Indian nationality law

892:

holding nationality of another country, and all married women were considered to be of full age for the purposes of giving up citizenship regardless of their actual age. Minor children lost citizenship only if their fathers (not mothers) relinquished that status until 1992. Any Indian citizen who permanently settles in Pakistan or Bangladesh, or who voluntarily acquires citizenship of another country at any time automatically loses Indian citizenship. Between 2015 and 2019, about 670,000 people lost their Indian citizenship either through renunciation or automatic loss after acquiring a foreign nationality.

5707: 42: 8320: 375:. Protected persons could not travel to the UK without first requesting permission, but were afforded the same consular protection as British subjects when travelling outside of the Empire. A person with connections both to directly governed portions of British India and one of the princely states could be a British subject and British protected person simultaneously. 674:, residents automatically became Indian citizens on 20 December 1961 unless they had made a written declaration before this date stating their intention to retain their existing nationality. Portugal did not recognise the annexation of its former Indian territories; persons born in applicable areas before 3 June 1975 were recognized as Portuguese citizens. 928:. Overseas citizenship is a status created specifically to work around the constitutional prohibition on holding multiple nationalities; it is not considered a full form of Indian citizenship. All persons who (or whose parents or grandparents) have ever been citizens of Pakistan or Bangladesh are permanently ineligible for overseas citizenship. 485:, it was nervous at the prospect of these movements becoming revolutionary in nature and decided to forcefully suppress local unrest rather than politically address Indian concerns. As it became apparent that equality within the British Empire would not be possible, the focus of post-war Indian political movements turned towards independence. 386:. Until the mid-19th century, it was unclear whether naturalisation rules in the United Kingdom were applicable in other parts of the Empire. Each colony had wide discretion in developing their own procedures and requirements for admitting foreigners as subjects. Naturalisation in Britain was achieved through individual 857:

was mandatory. Prior to 10 December 1992, only children of Indian fathers (not mothers) were eligible for citizenship by descent. Indian citizens by descent who hold another nationality automatically cease to be Indian citizens six months after reaching the age of 18, unless they renounce their foreign nationality.

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Indian citizenship can be voluntarily relinquished by any person over the age of 18. Minor children of a person who gave up citizenship also cease to be citizens. On reaching adult age, these children have the option of resuming Indian citizenship within one year. Before 2003, relinquishment required

882:

Any person deemed to be an illegal migrant is typically barred from obtaining citizenship through both naturalisation and registration. However, migrants from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, or Pakistan who belong to selected religious communities (Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, or Christians) and

870:

for at least five years are also eligible to acquire citizenship by registration. Eligible individuals must be resident in the country for at least 12 months prior to an application for registration, and are subject to additional residence requirements depending on the criterion they qualified under.

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in 1985, which resulted in the addition of Section 6A to the Citizenship Act that same year. Under this change, any person who had been living in Assam prior to 1966 was an Indian citizen; those who settled there between 1966 and 1971 were removed from electoral rolls and subject to a 10-year waiting

394:

formalised a clear distinction between subjects who were naturalised in the UK and those who did so in other territories. Individuals who were naturalised in the UK were deemed to have received the status by imperial naturalisation, which was valid throughout the Empire. Those naturalised in colonies

865:

Certain non-citizens qualify for citizenship by registration if they are married to an Indian citizen, are minor children of Indian citizens, or are of Indian origin and living either in the country or outside the area of pre-partition India. Persons whose parents are Indian citizens, who themselves

856:

within a certain time frame for citizenship to be granted. Individuals born before 3 September 2004 were not required to have had their birth registered and received citizenship by descent automatically, unless either parent was an Indian citizen by descent, in which case registration of their birth

727:

Indian nationality regulations were broadly permissive when they were first created at the time of the republic's founding. Successive governments since the 1980s have gradually increased the difficulty of acquiring Indian citizenship in response to changing patterns of immigration from neighbouring

623:

Under the 1955 Citizenship Act, Commonwealth citizens were eligible to obtain Indian citizenship by registration in lieu of naturalisation, though there were no specific advantages to this method of acquisition. This pathway was available until Commonwealth citizen status was removed from Indian law

571:

and had either become domiciled in Indian territory before 19 July 1948, or had been registered as a citizen of India by Dominion officials after that date, but before commencement of the Constitution. Migrants from Pakistan were required to have been domiciled in India for at least six months prior

536:

was defined in this Act to have the same meaning. British subject/Commonwealth citizen status co-existed with the citizenship of each Commonwealth country. Because India had not enacted citizenship regulations by the time the 1948 Act took effect on 1 January 1949, Indians (and citizens of all other

900:

Indian citizens by descent can be dual citizens till 18 upon which they have to choose a citizenship. Dual citizenship was allowed with specific countries till 2005. Citizenship amendment bill of 2003 allowed citizens by descent to continue Indian citizenship after 18 if they registered as overseas

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in Sikkim. Subject status was further restricted by a requirement to have held property rights in Sikkim before 1937, effectively barring a large number of Nepali residents from obtaining a permanent status in the country. Dual citizenship was prohibited and women automatically lost their rights as

562:

Any individual domiciled in India automatically became an Indian citizen in 1949 if they were: born in India, born to at least one parent who themself was born in India, or living in India for at least five years prior to the Constitution's commencement. Individuals of Indian descent living outside

293:

entered into decline in the 18th century, giving the company opportunity to gain further advantages by intervening in regional politics. The vast financial resources of the firm and its superior military enabled it to defeat rival European trade companies and become the dominant power in India. The

883:

arrived in India prior to 2015 are not considered illegal migrants. They are eligible for naturalisation with a reduced residence requirement; at least five years of residence during the previous 14-year period, along with the additional 12 months of residence immediately preceding an application.

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after residing in the country for at least 11 of the previous 14 years, with an additional 12 months of residence immediately preceding an application, a total of 12 years. Anyone acquiring Indian citizenship through either naturalisation or registration must renounce their previous nationalities.

480:

Demands for an equal imperial citizenship with the same status and rights as European British subjects were a primary motivator for Indian civil rights movements throughout the Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. While the imperial government had recognised these claims as legitimate

443:

issued a royal proclamation to the "Princes, Chiefs and People of India" in 1858, declaring the Crown to be "bound to the natives of our Indian territories by the same obligations of duty which bind us to all our other subjects". Official rhetoric emphasised British subject status as a platform of

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was an autonomous monarchy in northeastern India from the 17th century to 1975. Although Britain (and later India) had control over its foreign affairs, Sikkim was never considered a princely state and always held full autonomy over domestic matters. Sikkim lacked codified nationality legislation

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after 1949. Non-white immigration into the UK was systemically discouraged, but strong economic conditions in Britain following the Second World War attracted an unprecedented wave of colonial migration. In response, the British Parliament imposed immigration controls on any Commonwealth citizens

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and India has been unrestricted since before a clear boundary existed between the two countries. While the British Indian government had encouraged Nepalese to settle in northeastern India to facilitate the growth of tea plantations in that area, high levels of migration between the two countries

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The ethnic qualification to subject status was particularly unpopular, leading to a revolt and the repeal of the regulation in the following year. However, the 1962 amendment also created a facilitated naturalisation pathway for non-subjects of native ancestry; any person descended from a person

159:

between 26 January 1950 and 1 July 1987 automatically received citizenship by birth regardless of the nationalities of their parents. Between 1 July 1987 and 3 December 2004, citizenship by birth was granted if at least one parent was a citizen. Individuals born in the country since then receive

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All persons born in India between 26 January 1950 and 1 July 1987 automatically received citizenship by birth regardless of the nationalities of their parents. From 1 July 1987 until 3 December 2004, children born in the country received Indian citizenship by birth if at least one parent was a

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The National Register of Citizens for Assam was comprehensively updated in 2019, with every citizen in the state required to show proof of their citizenship and pre-1971 settlement. 1.9 million people failed to provide sufficient documentation and were not listed on the register, leaving them

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until 1961, when the Sikkim Subject Regulation came into force. This legislation initially defined Sikkim subjects as anyone of native ancestry with their permanent home in the country, or a person permanently settled in Sikkim who had cut all ties with their previous country or had acquired

751:; an estimated 1.8 million people settled in the state in the 1970s, compared to 221,000 in the 1950s and 424,000 in the 1960s. During a local election in 1979, a substantial portion of the enrolled electorate was discovered to be non-citizens. The ensuing backlash triggered the multi-year 305:

Legislation passed in 1852 allowed foreigners residing in territory governed by the East India Company to naturalise as British subjects by application to the government. There was no minimum residence requirement and candidates simply needed approval from a relevant official. The

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after residing in the country for at least 12 years and renouncing any previous nationalities. Members of certain religious minority communities from neighbouring countries qualify for a reduced residence requirement of six years. Indian citizens who permanently settle in

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limited the scope of the Constitution's citizenship provisions for the immediate purpose of determining citizenship of these migrants. The Citizenship Act later enacted by Parliament in 1955 provides a full framework detailing citizenship requirements after that point.

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and British India to grant subject status to aliens by imperial naturalisation, but did not prevent further grants of local naturalisation under local legislation. The continued application of local naturalisation allowed British Indian authorities to avoid adding

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came into force on 26 November 1949, in advance of the document's full effective date and the country's conversion into a republic on 26 January 1950. The partition resulted in large-scale population movements across the new borders separating India and

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of the country could register for citizenship, but a person who had voluntarily acquired citizenship of a foreign state was barred from Indian citizenship. In this context, the definition of "foreign state" does not include Commonwealth member states.

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all enacted legislation severely restricting Indian immigration in some form by the early 20th century. Indians had greater success exercising their British subject rights in Britain itself, exemplified by the election of two Indian candidates to the

521:. Indians continued to be British subjects until independent India enacted its own nationality legislation. Subjects of the princely states, who were previously considered British protected persons, became British subjects of India when their states 7239: 2126: 3000: 739:

began during colonial rule. British authorities encouraged workers from outside the region to resettle there to provide a continual source of labour for railway construction, agricultural development, and resource mining. The

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Former Indian citizens and descendants of citizens have been eligible for overseas citizenship since its creation in 2003. This status gives its holders a lifelong entitlement to live and work in the country but they cannot

2227: 628:, which redefined the term "British subject" to no longer also include Commonwealth citizens. Indian citizens remain Commonwealth citizens in British law and are still eligible to vote and stand for public office in the UK. 619:

or Ireland. Britain somewhat relaxed these measures in 1971 for patrials, subjects whose parents or grandparents were born in the United Kingdom, which gave effective preferential treatment to white Commonwealth citizens.

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This ideal was directly contradicted by a series of immigration restrictions in other colonies and Dominions that were created to exclude non-white migrants, including Indian British subjects, from entering their borders.

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in 1983. Following the start of hostilities, about 100,000 people sought refuge in India. This event, combined with sustained unrest in Assam, led to another amendment to the Citizenship Act in 1986 that limited

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including long-term residents without property, Sikkimese women who married non-Sikkimese, and individuals who had otherwise qualified for subject status but failed to complete registration before 1975.

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and its accession to India in 1975, any person registered as a Sikkimese subject before 26 April 1975 became an Indian citizen. This process of acquisition left certain groups of people living in Sikkim

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Persons who migrated from the area that became part of Pakistan could be registered as Indian citizens if they (or a parent or grandparent) were born in any part of pre-partition India as defined by the

747:

Assam's population growth rate was substantially higher than the rest of India for the entire period between 1901 and 1981. The highest levels of migration occurred in the decade following the 1971

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restricted that entitlement only to children with two Indian parents, or those with one parent who is a citizen and if the other is not considered an illegal migrant. Mandatory registration in the

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Bhatia, Monish (2021). "State Violence in India: From Border Killings to the National Register of Citizens and the Citizenship Amendment Act". In Bhatia, Monish; Canning, Victoria (eds.).

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continued to occur due to cultural and religious similarities. Following Indian independence, the government negotiated a free movement agreement with Nepal that resulted in the 1950

827:

are not counted as illegal migrants for nationality purposes and are eligible for a reduced six-year residence requirement for naturalisation. The enactment of these changes sparked

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Although Britain held comprehensive jurisdiction in both types of holdings, domestic law treated the princely states as foreign territory. British protected persons were treated as

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Restrictions were selectively relaxed in 2019 for migrants from neighbouring countries belonging to certain religious groups who illegally entered India before 2015; persons from

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citizen. Since then, citizenship by birth is granted only if both parents are Indian citizens, or if one parent is a citizen and the other is not considered an illegal migrant.

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and is the common term used in international treaties when referring to members of a state; citizenship refers to the set of rights and duties a person has in that nation.

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were said to have gone through local naturalisation and were given subject status valid only within the relevant territory. For example, a subject locally naturalised in

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Huttenback, R.A. (November 1973). "The British Empire as a "White Man's Country" – Racial Attitudes and Immigration Legislation in the Colonies of White Settlement".

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Children born overseas are eligible to become Indian citizens by descent if at least one parent is a citizen. The birth of eligible persons must be registered at an

302:

in India, no comprehensive nationality statute existed to define which persons were subjects, leaving the status of native Indians ambiguous throughout this period.

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to applying for registration. Conversely, persons who migrated from India to Pakistan and settled there at any time are not considered Indian citizens.

191:. Although India gained independence in 1947 and Indians no longer hold British nationality, they continue to have favoured status when residing in the 160:

Indian citizenship at birth only if both parents are Indian citizens, or if one parent is a citizen and the other is not considered an illegal migrant.

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in 2003. The UK itself updated its nationality law to reflect the more modest boundaries of its remaining territory and overseas possessions with the

8096: 7934: 7390: 411: 176:, or voluntarily acquire foreign citizenship automatically lose Indian citizenship. Dual citizenship is allowed in certain cases of minor children. 5845: 5835: 4426: 2822: 2437: 518: 3214: 4288: 914: 532:. The Act abandoned the common nationality used across the Empire and redefined British subject to mean any citizen of a Commonwealth country. A 407:. Like protected persons, locally naturalised British subjects were still entitled to imperial protection when travelling outside of the Empire. 8345: 7891: 7312: 5800: 4732: 744:

was created in 1951 to maintain a central ledger of all citizens in the state as a result of local discontent towards the influx of migrants.

148:

details the conditions by which a person holds Indian nationality. The two primary pieces of legislation governing these requirements are the

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Gonçalves, Arnaldo (2003). "Macao, Timor and Portuguese India in the context of Portugal's recent decolonization". In Lloyd-Jones, Stewart;

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period before becoming eligible to register for citizenship. Migrants arriving after 1971 were all considered to have illegally immigrated.

6595: 5476: 356:, which were areas ruled by local monarchs given limited autonomy in exchange for accepting British suzerainty. Provincial residents were 7093: 6718: 5472: 349: 444:

equity, illustrating an imperial philosophy that all subjects of the Crown were equal before the law, regardless of race or background.

410:

The Imperial Parliament brought regulations for British subject status into codified statute law for the first time with passage of the

7863: 7415: 5850: 4777: 4336: 4166: 1945: 2908: 7468: 7285: 7169: 6949: 6641: 3095: 581: 204: 199:, Indians are eligible to vote in UK elections and serve in public office there. Indian citizens also enjoy free movement rights in 7939: 7906: 4786: 223:

is not always clear in the English language and differs by country. Generally, nationality refers a person's legal belonging to a

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citizens. Residents of Goa have claimed to have dual citizenship since there was no law terminating their previous citizenship.

755:, which demanded the expulsion of foreigners in the state. Protest organisers and government officials ultimately agreed on the 378:

British nationality law during this time was uncodified and did not have a standard set of regulations, relying instead on past

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arrangement, but moved to mirror Britain's restriction in 1962 by limiting this ability only to people born on the islands of

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on all English trade with Asia. Over the course of the 17th century, the company secured a strong commercial presence in the

20: 3730: 3503: 3418: 3315: 3145: 2891: 8275: 8270: 8131: 7944: 7868: 6941: 6605: 4227: 2412: 853: 2522:

Baldwin, M. Page (October 2001). "Subject to Empire: Married Women and the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act".

6959: 6790: 6212: 4631: 3201: 2371: 584:; all Indian and Nepalese citizens have since had the officially sanctioned ability to live and work in either country. 310:

administered to successful applicants required them to swear loyal service to the company, as well as allegiance to the

7214: 7209: 7068: 6186: 6146: 5348: 5017: 4704: 3620:"The 1961 Sikkim subject regulation and 'indirect rule' in Sikkim: ancestrality, land property and unequal citizenship" 2814: 828: 700: 8064: 7184: 6974: 6901: 6587: 6525: 6161: 5524: 5443: 5114: 4091: 3859: 3139: 2885: 2706: 777: 722: 718: 2780: 234:

provides a more precise definition applicable in Indian law; citizenship is a legal status that can only be held by

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Pachauri, S.K. (2010). "India's Decision to Remain in the Commonwealth – 1949 A Major Landmark in Foreign Policy".

608: 391: 8340: 8164: 7974: 7799: 7735: 7708: 6954: 6646: 6445: 6389: 5571: 5453: 5212: 4566: 4406: 4262: 4136: 3546: 3089: 513:. India transitionally retained the British sovereign as its head of state until its continued membership in the 3829: 784:

for the entire country (contrasted with the register specific to Assam) was introduced in that year, as well as

611:. Ireland had continued to allow all British subjects free movement despite independence in 1922 as part of the 8074: 7654: 6141: 4601: 4581: 4481: 4329: 4126: 2582: 2032: 522: 311: 418:. c. 17). British subject status was standardised as a common nationality across the Empire. This act allowed 294:

company itself ruled as the direct governing body from 1757 to 1858, though sovereignty was often shared with

8059: 7922: 7684: 7478: 7395: 7234: 6984: 6660: 6620: 6364: 5468: 5032: 4917: 4782: 4596: 4441: 4298: 4247: 4141: 3746:

Xavier, Constantino (2011). "Experimenting with Diasporic Incorporation: The Overseas Citizenship of India".

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McKay, James (2008). "The Passage of the 1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act, a Case-Study of Backbench Power".

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Bloom, Tendayi (2011). "Contradictions in Formal Commonwealth Citizenship Rights in Commonwealth Countries".

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Dominions without citizenship laws) were provisionally classed as "British subjects without citizenship".

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The Statesman's Year-Book: Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1949

2573:

Baruah, Sanjay (November 1986). "Immigration, Ethnic Conflict, and Political Turmoil--Assam, 1979-1985".

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domiciled in Sikkim before 1850 could apply for subject status even if they did not live in the country.

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Commonwealth citizens initially continued to hold an automatic right to settle in the United Kingdom and

8310: 8287: 8223: 7760: 7728: 7649: 7128: 6989: 6911: 6780: 6765: 6728: 6615: 6510: 6470: 6227: 6196: 6105: 5783: 5738: 5509: 5486: 5423: 5403: 5363: 5247: 5222: 5217: 5047: 5022: 4927: 4862: 4852: 4842: 4832: 4772: 4757: 4752: 4727: 4709: 4641: 4571: 4541: 4431: 4237: 4196: 4186: 4146: 4111: 4061: 4026: 3921: 3794: 3716: 3660: 3301: 3194:""More Executive-Minded Than the Executive": The Supreme Court's Role in the Interpretation of the NRC" 3193: 2533: 2524: 2504: 641: 239: 2966:

Hilaly, Sarah (January 2016). "Imagining Colonial Assam: The Figuring of 'Wastelands' in Its Making".

8081: 7821: 7659: 7632: 7561: 7496: 7410: 7382: 7179: 7078: 6775: 6600: 6450: 6262: 6166: 6083: 5878: 5840: 5810: 5378: 5262: 5237: 5192: 5187: 5137: 5062: 5012: 4987: 4982: 4952: 4907: 4897: 4857: 4827: 4817: 4807: 4722: 4699: 4674: 4611: 4531: 4456: 4421: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4322: 4151: 4086: 4056: 4046: 4041: 4001: 3971: 3946: 3936: 2668: 2408: 748: 404: 230:

In general discourse within the Indian context, the two terms are used interchangeably. However, the

2435:

Ansari, Sarah (2013). "Subjects or Citizens? India, Pakistan and the 1948 British Nationality Act".

8265: 7750: 7606: 7581: 7350: 6979: 6931: 6921: 6881: 6871: 6505: 6460: 6420: 6394: 6374: 6151: 6100: 6058: 5939: 5923: 5710: 5463: 5333: 5323: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5252: 5162: 5142: 5127: 4977: 4947: 4902: 4887: 4847: 4837: 4812: 4742: 4737: 4684: 4679: 4669: 4621: 4616: 4606: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4536: 4516: 4511: 4501: 4471: 4461: 4451: 4446: 4436: 4416: 4376: 4366: 4171: 4156: 4081: 4066: 4036: 4016: 4006: 3996: 3986: 3976: 3961: 3951: 3941: 3926: 3519:

Thapliyal, Sangeeta (1999). "Movement of population between India and Nepal: Emerging challenges".

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Nation and Citizenship from the Late Nineteenth Century Onwards: A Comparative European Perspective

2495: 593: 436: 361: 331: 188: 129: 8260: 7853: 7841: 7811: 7473: 7420: 7194: 6964: 6916: 6807: 6770: 6760: 6755: 6500: 6425: 6349: 5825: 5438: 5418: 5383: 5373: 5368: 5358: 5328: 5272: 5267: 5227: 5207: 5202: 5167: 5147: 5132: 5082: 5077: 5072: 4992: 4967: 4942: 4932: 4912: 4822: 4747: 4636: 4626: 4561: 4496: 4486: 4476: 4466: 4411: 4371: 4191: 4181: 4176: 4096: 4071: 4051: 4031: 3991: 3966: 3890: 3340: 3104: 2950: 2427: 514: 457: 372: 646:

Remaining European colonial possessions in India were reintegrated by 1961. French-administered

8208: 7848: 7804: 7679: 7611: 7601: 7566: 7204: 7199: 6861: 6856: 6802: 6723: 6493: 6488: 6465: 6301: 5788: 5676: 5458: 5448: 5413: 5313: 5257: 5242: 5177: 5172: 5157: 5052: 5027: 4997: 4882: 4714: 4586: 4521: 4506: 4491: 4161: 4116: 4021: 3981: 3785: 2606:

Bhat, M. Mohsin Alam (2019). "The Constitutional Case Against the Citizenship Amendment Bill".

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in the United Kingdom, but both Indian British subjects and protected persons could be issued

8169: 8042: 8027: 7896: 7873: 7591: 7441: 7365: 7317: 7307: 6896: 6844: 6829: 6270: 6191: 6120: 6115: 5908: 5873: 5815: 5731: 5519: 5277: 5232: 5197: 5182: 5152: 5007: 4937: 4694: 4242: 546: 461: 260: 149: 7954: 7689: 7627: 7596: 7586: 7546: 7541: 7280: 7219: 7073: 6866: 6849: 6326: 5640: 5613: 5504: 5067: 4232: 3898: 3882: 3271: 2470:

Ashesh, Ashna; Thiruvengadam, Arun (July 2017). Report on Citizenship Law: India (Report).

2218:"Parliament proceedings: Over 6.7 lakh persons renounced Indian citizenship from 2015-2019" 937: 768: 533: 510: 196: 3676:

Weiner, Myron (June 1983). "The Political Demography of Assam's Anti-Immigrant Movement".

3587:"Ancestrality, Migration, Rights and Exclusion: Citizenship in the Indian State of Sikkim" 2815:"Imperial Citizenship or Else: Liberal Ideals and the India Unmaking of Empire, 1890–1919" 1193: 8: 8245: 8238: 8233: 8032: 7969: 7959: 7755: 7723: 7694: 7088: 7043: 7007: 6926: 6733: 6710: 6483: 6306: 6078: 5987: 5630: 5549: 5092: 3528: 2915: 2677: 1157: 278: 101: 49: 3356:

Parry, Clive (1954). "Citizenship in the Commonwealth with Special Reference to India".

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until 1844, when a more streamlined administrative process was introduced. In 1847, the

242:

a person may exercise, while nationality is a status that can apply to both natural and

8189: 8174: 8141: 8091: 8054: 7831: 7794: 7664: 7571: 7526: 7521: 7360: 7345: 7324: 7254: 7229: 7174: 7063: 7058: 7053: 6750: 6250: 6125: 6095: 6048: 6015: 5830: 5529: 3808: 3767: 3697: 3685: 3664: 3552: 3481: 3462: 3385: 3377: 3344: 3254: 3166: 3044: 3036: 2977: 2843: 2766: 2743: 2739: 2689: 2654: 2632: 2594: 2561: 2545: 2458: 2154: 2121: 2037: 921: 671: 612: 498: 307: 266: 3435: 2491:"Missing Links: Data Stories from the Archive of British Settler Colonial Citizenship" 2117:"A complete guide to renouncing foreign citizenships and acquiring Indian citizenship" 8228: 8218: 8213: 8116: 8101: 7836: 7718: 7713: 7576: 7556: 7551: 7463: 7458: 7275: 7224: 7035: 6834: 6698: 6399: 6053: 5671: 5623: 3840: 3812: 3771: 3720: 3561: 3493: 3450: 3408: 3389: 3305: 3291: 3178: 3135: 3048: 2941:(1999). "The Politics of Citizenship in 1940s Britain: The British Nationality Act". 2881: 2847: 2731: 2710: 2693: 2658: 2644: 2615: 2553: 2462: 683: 663: 506: 396: 8156: 8111: 8106: 8006: 7979: 7826: 7637: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7451: 7340: 7295: 7116: 7025: 6797: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6655: 6384: 6344: 6275: 5977: 5805: 5795: 5765: 5554: 4303: 4267: 3798: 3759: 3689: 3637: 3604: 3532: 3485: 3454: 3369: 3275: 3246: 3170: 3073: 3028: 2954: 2835: 2735: 2681: 2636: 2586: 2565: 2537: 2508: 2475: 2450: 659: 470: 424: 243: 3642: 3619: 3609: 3586: 3078: 3057: 2839: 8255: 8179: 8121: 8086: 7767: 7745: 7669: 7446: 6570: 6565: 6555: 6548: 6316: 6171: 6156: 5982: 5865: 5635: 4345: 4212: 3908: 3763: 3710: 3624: 3591: 3475: 3398: 3365: 3295: 3287: 3242: 3129: 2875: 2685: 2454: 789: 604: 415: 357: 327: 299: 184: 81: 2640: 2399: 2250: 246:

that determines the rights that entity has in the context of international law.

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in 1858. Territories were broadly divided between two political groupings: the

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Fernandes, Walter (2005). "IMDT Act and Immigration in North-Eastern India".

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Between 2010 and 2019, about 21,000 people naturalised as Indian citizens.

756: 655: 647: 224: 69:

An Act to provide for acquisition and determination of Indian citizenship.

3489: 3174: 2513: 2490: 19:"Indian citizenship" redirects here. For the United States law concerning 8201: 7405: 7020: 7015: 6743: 6560: 6543: 6435: 6063: 6030: 5972: 5954: 5918: 5650: 5608: 3233:

Lloyd, Trevor (1998). "Partition, within, Partition: The Irish Example".

2996: 924:, stand for public office, and are subject to restrictions on entry into 796: 651: 482: 368: 341: 323: 220: 216: 180: 3381: 3348: 3258: 2981: 2086: 2084: 7244: 7136: 6538: 6222: 6020: 3701: 3577: 3466: 3120: 2805: 2770: 2747: 2598: 2549: 824: 800: 383: 282: 173: 60: 3668: 3040: 2480: 866:

or their parents had previously held Indian citizenship, or have held

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Defining British Citizenship: Empire, Commonwealth and Modern Britain

3069: 2831: 2446: 2222: 2081: 1950: 1061: 764: 449: 379: 295: 6311: 3693: 3279: 2590: 2198: 2033:"A Mass Citizenship Check in India Leaves 2 Million People in Limbo" 1925: 1744: 1742: 1666: 1664: 7141: 6176: 5618: 5584: 4314: 3712:

Indigenous Peoples of the British Dominions and the First World War

3032: 2541: 1402: 1400: 812: 773: 551: 502: 419: 274: 169: 1766: 1460: 1253: 41: 1913: 1889: 1739: 1661: 1049: 971:"Devyani Khobragade's plea of dual citizenship for kids rejected" 816: 599: 400: 1729: 1727: 1577: 1436: 1397: 1205: 5723: 2150:"Over 21,000 granted Indian citizenship in last 10 years: Govt" 1073: 1025: 820: 804: 736: 453: 289:, and Indian textiles. Operations became more lucrative as the 3781:"Imagining India, Decolonizing L'Inde Française, c. 1947–1954" 2294:"Goans are Dual Citizens by Birth - Advocate Radharao Gracias" 1301: 1145: 1037: 831:

for countering the secular nature of earlier citizenship law.

650:

held a referendum in 1949 resulting in the city's merger with

3400:

Whitewashing Britain: Race and Citizenship in the Postwar Era

2251:"Refworld | India: Act No. 57 of 1955, Citizenship Act, 1955" 1790: 1778: 1754: 1724: 1712: 1265: 808: 732: 576: 352:, which were administered by the British government, and the 286: 200: 156: 91: 2786:

ISIL Year Book of International Humanitarian and Refugee Law

2186: 2069: 2057: 1990: 1988: 1975: 1973: 1472: 7901: 1528: 1526: 1511: 3828: 3547:"Restrictive Citizenship Policies within the Commonwealth" 2877:

The Last Empire: Thirty Years of Portuguese Decolonization

2629:

Stealing Time: Migration, Temporalities and State Violence

1181: 1067: 360:, while subjects of princely state rulers were considered 2174: 1985: 1970: 1901: 1877: 1676: 1385: 1133: 3653:

Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law

2000: 1567: 1565: 1538: 1523: 1337: 1325: 1313: 1229: 1109: 1097: 2348: 2336: 1814: 1649: 1637: 1625: 1589: 1349: 3651:

Wade, E.C.S. (1948). "British Nationality Act, 1948".

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Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D)

3839: 2090: 2012: 1826: 1700: 1688: 1562: 1412: 1361: 712: 3436:"The Common Travel Area between Britain and Ireland" 2401:

Freedom of Press and the Supreme Court: An Appraisal

2031:

Gettleman, Jeffrey; Raj, Suhasini (31 August 2019).

1838: 1613: 1601: 1448: 1373: 1289: 1241: 1217: 631: 4223:

British nationality law and the Republic of Ireland

2469: 2292:Reporter, Incredible Goa Staff (12 February 2017). 2204: 1931: 1919: 1895: 1862: 1670: 1583: 1550: 1496: 1466: 1442: 1424: 1406: 1211: 1085: 1079: 1055: 1031: 1013: 874:All other foreigners may become Indian citizens by 6798:Governors, Lieutenant Governors and Administrators 3545: 3088: 2779: 2096: 843: 776:to children born to at least one Indian parent. A 3058:"Reconfiguring Citizenship in Contemporary India" 1484: 886: 692:subjects on their marriage to non-Sikkimese men. 412:British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914 215:The distinction between the meaning of the terms 8332: 2990:Historical background information on nationality 2823:The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 2792:. Indian Society of International Law: 244–272. 2438:The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 2249:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. 1200:Historical background information on nationality 1164:Historical background information on nationality 4289:British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983 2488: 1151: 915:Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin 298:. Although legislation was enacted referencing 3617: 3584: 3286: 1796: 1784: 1772: 1760: 1748: 1733: 1718: 1043: 528:British subject status was reformed under the 5739: 4330: 3867: 2722:Evans, J. M. (1972). "Immigration Act 1971". 2370:. Consulate General of India, San Francisco. 1000:"Passport_Manual_16_Chapters_to_be_disclosed" 519:1949 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference 488: 16:History and regulations of Indian citizenship 5477:Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands 3881: 2703:Secularism and the Citizenship Amendment Act 2030: 427:requirements to the naturalisation process. 2700: 2192: 2180: 2075: 2063: 2006: 1994: 1979: 1946:"Restoring a secular notion of citizenship" 1007:Passport_Manual_16_Chapters_to_be_disclosed 587: 493: 5746: 5732: 4337: 4323: 3874: 3860: 3333:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 3062:South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies 3018: 2906: 1283: 1271: 1259: 1115: 6960:Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) 6840:Fundamental rights, principles and duties 3802: 3641: 3608: 3518: 3473: 3096:The British Yearbook of International Law 3077: 2869: 2781:"Retaining Portuguese Nationality in Goa" 2754: 2512: 2479: 1907: 1655: 1478: 1355: 582:Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship 254: 163:Foreigners may become Indian citizens by 6902:Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) 3708: 3330: 3127: 2705:. India: Seventy Years of the Republic. 2291: 2114: 1418: 1343: 1175: 1139: 1127: 860: 399:was a British subject there, but not in 8001: 5904:Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley 3778: 3211:National Law School of India University 2521: 1643: 1631: 1187: 904: 742:National Register of Citizens for Assam 317: 249: 8333: 7190:Securities and Exchange Board of India 6297:National Geological Monuments of India 3745: 3675: 3543: 3506:from the original on 29 September 2021 3268:Observatoire de la Société Britannique 2965: 2937: 2777: 2701:Chandrachud, Abhinav (February 2020). 2626: 2572: 2434: 2354: 2342: 2018: 1883: 1856: 1832: 1820: 1706: 1694: 1682: 1571: 1517: 1367: 835:stateless and subject to deportation. 677: 8346:India and the Commonwealth of Nations 8000: 7114: 6990:Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) 6955:Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) 6696: 6248: 5763: 5727: 4318: 4294:British Overseas Territories Act 2002 4218:British nationality law and Hong Kong 3855: 3421:from the original on 26 December 2019 3355: 3318:from the original on 25 February 2021 3265: 3232: 3191: 3160: 3148:from the original on 25 December 2019 3086: 3055: 3006:from the original on 29 December 2018 2812: 2721: 2665: 2489:Bagnall, Kate; Sherratt, Tim (2021). 2397: 2319:"India acknowledges dual citizenship" 2115:Chothani, Poorvi (8 September 2021). 2045:from the original on 15 December 2019 1871: 1844: 1808: 1619: 1607: 1544: 1532: 1490: 1454: 1430: 1379: 1331: 1319: 1307: 1295: 1247: 1235: 1223: 1103: 1091: 1019: 943:Visa requirements for Indian citizens 517:as a republic was agreed upon at the 4344: 4228:British Overseas Territories citizen 3733:from the original on 23 October 2021 3650: 3568:from the original on 23 October 2021 3433: 3396: 3220:from the original on 5 December 2020 3111:from the original on 23 October 2021 2907:Gosewinkel, Dieter (15 April 2008). 2894:from the original on 23 October 2021 2857:from the original on 4 November 2021 2796:from the original on 23 October 2021 2605: 2374:from the original on 13 January 2022 2248: 2162:from the original on 3 February 2021 2147: 2129:from the original on 20 October 2021 2102: 1958:from the original on 12 January 2021 1943: 1595: 1556: 1505: 1391: 994: 992: 965: 963: 664:military offensives in 1954 and 1961 6985:National Investigation Agency (NIA) 6907:Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) 6596:Autonomous administrative divisions 3202:National Law School of India Review 3090:"Who are British Protected Persons" 2880:. Intellect Books. pp. 53–66. 1944:Bose, Prasenjit (6 December 2019). 895: 839:Acquisition and loss of citizenship 541:Republic and a national citizenship 13: 6975:Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) 2765:(30). Sameeksha Trust: 3237–3240. 2740:10.1111/j.1468-2230.1972.tb02363.x 2418:from the original on 6 August 2022 2390: 2230:from the original on 27 March 2021 1286:, pp. 111, 116, 120, 134–135. 713:Legislative responses to migration 545:The citizenship provisions of the 14: 8357: 7170:Ministry of Commerce and Industry 6912:Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) 6197:Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) 3779:Yechury, Akhila (December 2015). 3678:Population and Development Review 3297:A Concise History of Modern India 2943:Twentieth Century British History 2707:Victoria University of Wellington 989: 960: 723:Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 719:Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2003 632:Integration of remaining colonies 430: 8318: 5753: 5706: 5705: 4427:Democratic Republic of the Congo 4112:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3830:"Indian Naturalisation Act 1852" 3618:Vandenhelsken, Mélanie (2021b). 3585:Vandenhelsken, Mélanie (2021a). 2925:from the original on 27 May 2019 2360: 2148:Jain, Bharti (4 February 2020). 763:Ethnic conflict in neighbouring 701:dissolution of Sikkim's monarchy 609:Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962 40: 6213:History of India (1947–present) 5572:Birth aboard aircraft and ships 3748:Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 2995:(Report). 1.0. United Kingdom: 2311: 2285: 2268: 2242: 2210: 2205:Ashesh & Thiruvengadam 2017 2141: 2108: 2024: 1937: 1932:Ashesh & Thiruvengadam 2017 1920:Ashesh & Thiruvengadam 2017 1896:Ashesh & Thiruvengadam 2017 1671:Ashesh & Thiruvengadam 2017 1584:Ashesh & Thiruvengadam 2017 1467:Ashesh & Thiruvengadam 2017 1443:Ashesh & Thiruvengadam 2017 1407:Ashesh & Thiruvengadam 2017 1212:Ashesh & Thiruvengadam 2017 1080:Ashesh & Thiruvengadam 2017 1056:Ashesh & Thiruvengadam 2017 1032:Ashesh & Thiruvengadam 2017 844:Entitlement by birth or descent 152:and the Citizenship Act, 1955. 6980:Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) 6932:Special Protection Group (SPG) 6922:Railway Protection Force (RPF) 5409:Federated States of Micronesia 4773:St. Vincent and the Grenadines 4248:Permanent resident (Australia) 3821: 3474:Steinberg, S. H., ed. (1949). 2583:University of California Press 1068:Indian Naturalisation Act 1852 926:protected and restricted areas 887:Relinquishment and deprivation 210: 1: 8075:Engineering colleges in India 7704:Electronics and semiconductor 6917:National Security Guard (NSG) 6661:World Heritage Sites in India 6249: 4299:Canadian Citizenship Act 1946 3709:Winegard, Timothy C. (2011). 3643:10.1080/14631369.2020.1801338 3610:10.1080/14631369.2020.1802575 3192:Kumar, Alok Prasanna (2019). 3163:Citizenship in a Global World 3079:10.1080/00856401.2019.1555874 2976:(3). Sameeksha Trust: 55–62. 2969:Economic and Political Weekly 2840:10.1080/03086534.2018.1519243 2758:Economic and Political Weekly 2614:(3). Sameeksha Trust: 12–14. 2608:Economic and Political Weekly 2472:European University Institute 948: 911:Overseas Citizenship of India 782:National Register of Citizens 603:originating from outside the 499:British India was partitioned 6965:Enforcement Directorate (ED) 6786:State legislative assemblies 6697: 6626:States and union territories 6335:Biogeographic classification 5690:British Overseas Territories 4284:British Nationality Act 1981 3764:10.1080/13537113.2011.550545 3161:Kondo, Atsushi, ed. (2001). 3056:Jayal, Niraja Gopal (2019). 2686:10.1080/00358533.2011.633381 2455:10.1080/03086534.2013.768094 953: 662:was taken by force with two 626:British Nationality Act 1981 569:Government of India Act 1935 530:British Nationality Act 1948 7: 8132:Water supply and sanitation 7115: 6897:Border Security Force (BSF) 6642:National monuments of India 5764: 5560:Renunciation of citizenship 4258:UK Ancestry Entry Clearance 4253:Permanent resident (Canada) 3845:National Informatics Centre 3841:"The Citizenship Act, 1955" 3834:National Informatics Centre 2641:10.1007/978-3-030-69897-3_9 1152:Bagnall & Sherratt 2021 931: 731:Large-scale migration into 181:ruled by the British Empire 10: 8362: 7185:Central Statistical Office 6791:State legislative councils 6766:Union Council of Ministers 4238:Indefinite leave to remain 3795:Cambridge University Press 3717:Cambridge University Press 3661:Cambridge University Press 3544:Toxley, Walter W. (1967). 3374:10.1177/097492845401000201 3302:Cambridge University Press 3021:Journal of British Studies 2534:Cambridge University Press 2525:Journal of British Studies 2505:University of Hawaii Press 1044:Metcalf & Metcalf 2006 908: 716: 658:was relinquished by 1954. 642:Portuguese nationality law 635: 591: 489:Post-independence policies 350:provinces of British India 321: 258: 240:civil and political rights 18: 8155: 8065:Medical colleges in India 8020: 8016: 7996: 7915: 7884: 7620: 7489: 7429: 7381: 7333: 7263: 7215:Foreign exchange reserves 7210:Foreign direct investment 7180:Economic Advisory Council 7150: 7127: 7123: 7110: 7034: 7006: 6940: 6927:Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) 6889: 6880: 6825: 6816: 6709: 6705: 6692: 6634: 6586: 6524: 6413: 6325: 6307:Sacred mountains of India 6289: 6261: 6257: 6244: 6205: 6134: 6029: 5996: 5953: 5932: 5879:Indus Valley Civilisation 5864: 5776: 5772: 5759: 5685: 5659: 5601: 5542: 5495: 5396: 5286: 5113: 5106: 4875: 4800: 4657: 4650: 4359: 4352: 4276: 4206:Rights, issues, and visas 4205: 3907: 3889: 3804:10.1017/S0018246X14000727 3537:10.1080/09700169908455083 3134:. Frank Cass Publishers. 3087:Jones, J. Mervyn (1945). 2409:Aligarh Muslim University 2091:The Citizenship Act, 1955 1310:, pp. 850, 856, 860. 854:Indian diplomatic mission 778:further amendment in 2003 749:Bangladesh Liberation War 362:British protected persons 189:British protected persons 183:and local residents were 135: 128: 123: 115: 107: 97: 87: 77: 55: 48: 39: 35:The Citizenship Act, 1955 34: 7351:Multi Commodity Exchange 6970:Intelligence Bureau (IB) 4407:Central African Republic 3883:Commonwealth citizenship 3405:Cornell University Press 3128:Karatani, Rieko (2003). 2778:Ferrao, Ranjana (2010). 2496:Journal of World History 1262:, pp. 108–109, 118. 594:Commonwealth citizenship 588:Commonwealth citizenship 494:Partition and transition 437:Indian Rebellion of 1857 373:British Indian passports 340:India was brought under 332:British protected person 130:The Foreigners Act, 1946 7195:Enforcement Directorate 6656:Indian-origin religions 6647:National parks of India 6456:Highest point by states 6218:Economic liberalisation 5505:Commonwealth of Nations 3891:Commonwealth of Nations 3459:10.1111/1468-2230.00356 3397:Paul, Kathleen (1997). 3341:Indian History Congress 3105:Oxford University Press 2951:Oxford University Press 2813:Frost, Mark R. (2018). 803:, and Pakistan who are 554:. In this context, the 515:Commonwealth of Nations 505:on 15 August 1947, the 8341:Indian nationality law 8165:Arts and entertainment 7800:Science and technology 7736:Information technology 7416:Government initiatives 6312:Sacred rivers of India 6302:Sacred groves of India 5856:Science and technology 5319:Bosnia and Herzegovina 3786:The Historical Journal 3434:Ryan, Bernard (2001). 668:Dadra and Nagar Haveli 638:French nationality law 511:Federation of Pakistan 475:Mancherjee Bhownaggree 273:in 1600 and granted a 255:Company administration 146:Indian nationality law 25:Indian Citizenship Act 8122:Socio-economic issues 8070:Law colleges in India 8060:Universities in India 7308:Reserve Bank of India 6111:Independence movement 5909:Indo-Parthian Kingdom 5702:Partially recognized. 4567:São Tomé and Príncipe 4243:Irish nationality law 4102:Saint Kitts and Nevis 3917:Antigua & Barbuda 3490:10.1057/9780230270787 3443:The Modern Law Review 3235:International Journal 3175:10.1057/9780333993880 2724:The Modern Law Review 2514:10.1353/jwh.2021.0025 2398:Ahmad, Badar (1997). 2276:"Bill No. 39 of 2003" 1520:, pp. 90, 94–95. 1394:, pp. 69–70, 73. 861:Voluntary acquisition 547:Constitution of India 501:into two independent 261:Company rule in India 197:Commonwealth citizens 179:India was previously 150:Constitution of India 7396:Economic development 7240:Voluntary guidelines 7235:Industrial licensing 6365:Environmental issues 6147:Non-Aligned Movement 5924:Seleucid–Mauryan war 5641:Second-class citizen 5614:Multiple citizenship 5083:United Arab Emirates 4717:(Kingdom of Denmark) 4233:Commonwealth citizen 3899:Commonwealth citizen 3529:Taylor & Francis 3272:University of Toulon 2959:10.1093/tcbh/10.1.67 2872:Pinto, António Costa 2678:Taylor & Francis 2635:. pp. 171–192. 2226:. 10 February 2021. 1775:, pp. 221, 223. 938:Visa policy of India 905:Overseas citizenship 868:overseas citizenship 786:overseas citizenship 774:citizenship by birth 654:, while the rest of 556:Constituent Assembly 534:Commonwealth citizen 318:Direct imperial rule 250:Colonial-era history 155:All persons born in 7158:Ministry of Finance 6162:Indo-Pakistani wars 6106:Partition of Bengal 5631:Permanent residency 5550:Loss of citizenship 5525:Caribbean Community 4778:Trinidad and Tobago 4763:St. Kitts and Nevis 4665:Antigua and Barbuda 4167:Trinidad and Tobago 2916:European Parliament 1886:, pp. 285–286. 1797:Vandenhelsken 2021a 1785:Vandenhelsken 2021b 1773:Vandenhelsken 2021a 1761:Vandenhelsken 2021b 1751:, pp. 260–261. 1749:Vandenhelsken 2021b 1734:Vandenhelsken 2021a 1719:Vandenhelsken 2021a 1685:, pp. 250–251. 1598:, pp. 182–183. 1547:, pp. 515–516. 1535:, pp. 508–509. 1481:, pp. 778–780. 1334:, pp. 865–867. 1322:, pp. 859–860. 1274:, pp. 117–118. 1238:, pp. 106–107. 1190:, pp. 527–528. 1106:, pp. 127–128. 1009:. 27 November 2023. 829:widespread protests 678:Accession of Sikkim 392:Imperial Parliament 279:Indian subcontinent 238:and determines the 205:bilateral agreement 124:Related legislation 102:Parliament of India 50:Parliament of India 8127:Standard of living 7817:Telecommunications 7334:Financial services 7255:Atmanirbhar Bharat 7175:Finance Commission 6340:Biosphere reserves 6096:Bengal Renaissance 6084:Commander-in-Chief 6049:East India Company 4705:Dominican Republic 4277:Acts of Parliament 3686:Population Council 3553:McGill Law Journal 3521:Strategic Analysis 3482:Palgrave Macmillan 3292:Metcalf, Thomas R. 3167:Palgrave Macmillan 2633:Palgrave Macmillan 2155:The Times of India 2122:The Economic Times 2038:The New York Times 672:Goa, Daman and Diu 613:Common Travel Area 575:Migration between 388:Acts of Parliament 308:oath of allegiance 267:East India Company 88:Territorial extent 8306: 8305: 8302: 8301: 8298: 8297: 7992: 7991: 7988: 7987: 7537:Jammu and Kashmir 7163:Finance ministers 7106: 7105: 7102: 7101: 7094:Women in politics 7069:Political parties 7002: 7001: 6998: 6997: 6808:Chief Secretaries 6781:State governments 6776:Cabinet Secretary 6729:Foreign relations 6688: 6687: 6684: 6683: 6240: 6239: 6236: 6235: 6228:COVID-19 pandemic 6101:Political reforms 5721: 5720: 5695:Open border with 5538: 5537: 5392: 5391: 4871: 4870: 4791:US Virgin Islands 4718: 4442:Equatorial Guinea 4312: 4311: 4263:UK right of abode 3726:978-1-107-01493-0 3562:McGill University 3499:978-0-230-27078-7 3414:978-0-8014-8440-7 3311:978-0-521-68225-1 3184:978-0-333-80266-3 2709:. pp. 1–35. 2650:978-3-030-69897-3 2357:, pp. 45–46. 2345:, pp. 34–35. 2207:, pp. 7, 16. 2195:, pp. 20–21. 2078:, pp. 15–16. 2066:, pp. 14–15. 1934:, pp. 10–12. 1823:, pp. 59–61. 1811:, pp. 34–35. 1142:, pp. 55–56. 1046:, pp. 44–55. 922:vote in elections 684:Kingdom of Sikkim 281:through trade in 244:juridical persons 143: 142: 82:Act No 57 of 1955 8353: 8323: 8322: 8321: 8314: 8261:Physical culture 8082:Ethnic relations 8018: 8017: 7998: 7997: 7980:Mumbai Consensus 7532:Himachal Pradesh 7421:Numbering system 7411:Green revolution 7286:Historical Forex 7125: 7124: 7112: 7111: 7084:Scheduled groups 6887: 6886: 6823: 6822: 6707: 6706: 6694: 6693: 6676:Tourism in India 6671:History of India 6666:Culture of India 6276:Geology of India 6259: 6258: 6246: 6245: 6177:Naxal Insurgency 6172:White Revolution 6167:Green Revolution 5774: 5773: 5761: 5760: 5748: 5741: 5734: 5725: 5724: 5709: 5708: 5555:Denaturalization 5444:Papua New Guinea 5429:Marshall Islands 5111: 5110: 4716: 4655: 4654: 4357: 4356: 4346:Nationality laws 4339: 4332: 4325: 4316: 4315: 4304:Ireland Act 1949 4268:Windrush scandal 4092:Papua New Guinea 3909:Nationality laws 3876: 3869: 3862: 3853: 3852: 3847: 3836: 3816: 3806: 3775: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3705: 3672: 3647: 3645: 3614: 3612: 3581: 3575: 3573: 3549: 3540: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3470: 3440: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3393: 3352: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3300:(2nd ed.). 3288:Metcalf, Barbara 3283: 3262: 3251:10.2307/40203326 3229: 3227: 3225: 3219: 3198: 3188: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3124: 3118: 3116: 3092: 3083: 3081: 3052: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3005: 2999:. 21 July 2017. 2994: 2985: 2962: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2924: 2913: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2856: 2819: 2809: 2803: 2801: 2783: 2774: 2751: 2718: 2697: 2662: 2623: 2602: 2569: 2518: 2516: 2485: 2483: 2466: 2431: 2425: 2423: 2417: 2406: 2384: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2364: 2358: 2352: 2346: 2340: 2334: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2315: 2309: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2289: 2283: 2282: 2280: 2272: 2266: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2246: 2240: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2214: 2208: 2202: 2196: 2193:Chandrachud 2020 2190: 2184: 2181:Chandrachud 2020 2178: 2172: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2145: 2139: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2112: 2106: 2100: 2094: 2088: 2079: 2076:Chandrachud 2020 2073: 2067: 2064:Chandrachud 2020 2061: 2055: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2028: 2022: 2016: 2010: 2007:Chandrachud 2020 2004: 1998: 1995:Chandrachud 2020 1992: 1983: 1980:Chandrachud 2020 1977: 1968: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1941: 1935: 1929: 1923: 1917: 1911: 1905: 1899: 1893: 1887: 1881: 1875: 1869: 1860: 1854: 1848: 1842: 1836: 1830: 1824: 1818: 1812: 1806: 1800: 1794: 1788: 1782: 1776: 1770: 1764: 1758: 1752: 1746: 1737: 1731: 1722: 1716: 1710: 1704: 1698: 1692: 1686: 1680: 1674: 1668: 1659: 1653: 1647: 1641: 1635: 1629: 1623: 1617: 1611: 1605: 1599: 1593: 1587: 1581: 1575: 1569: 1560: 1554: 1548: 1542: 1536: 1530: 1521: 1515: 1509: 1503: 1494: 1488: 1482: 1476: 1470: 1464: 1458: 1452: 1446: 1440: 1434: 1428: 1422: 1416: 1410: 1404: 1395: 1389: 1383: 1377: 1371: 1365: 1359: 1353: 1347: 1341: 1335: 1329: 1323: 1317: 1311: 1305: 1299: 1293: 1287: 1281: 1275: 1269: 1263: 1257: 1251: 1245: 1239: 1233: 1227: 1221: 1215: 1209: 1203: 1197: 1191: 1185: 1179: 1173: 1167: 1161: 1155: 1149: 1143: 1137: 1131: 1125: 1119: 1113: 1107: 1101: 1095: 1089: 1083: 1077: 1071: 1065: 1059: 1053: 1047: 1041: 1035: 1029: 1023: 1017: 1011: 1010: 1004: 996: 987: 986: 984: 982: 967: 896:Dual citizenship 660:Portuguese India 523:acceded to India 471:Dadabhai Naoroji 467:House of Commons 425:English language 416:4 & 5 Geo. 5 358:British subjects 300:British subjects 185:British subjects 119:30 December 1955 111:30 December 1955 44: 32: 31: 21:American Indians 8361: 8360: 8356: 8355: 8354: 8352: 8351: 8350: 8331: 8330: 8329: 8319: 8317: 8309: 8307: 8294: 8266:Public holidays 8151: 8097:Life expectancy 8012: 8011: 7984: 7911: 7880: 7785:Pharmaceuticals 7616: 7485: 7425: 7391:COVID-19 impact 7377: 7329: 7259: 7146: 7119: 7098: 7030: 6994: 6936: 6876: 6872:District Courts 6812: 6803:Chief Ministers 6701: 6680: 6630: 6582: 6520: 6494:Western coastal 6489:Eastern coastal 6476:Mountain passes 6409: 6395:Protected areas 6321: 6317:Stones of India 6285: 6253: 6232: 6201: 6187:Space programme 6157:Sino-Indian War 6152:Five-Year Plans 6130: 6025: 5992: 5983:Delhi Sultanate 5949: 5940:Middle kingdoms 5933:Middle Kingdoms 5928: 5860: 5768: 5755: 5752: 5722: 5717: 5681: 5655: 5636:Right of return 5597: 5534: 5497: 5491: 5454:Solomon Islands 5388: 5354:Northern Cyprus 5349:North Macedonia 5282: 5117: 5102: 4867: 4796: 4646: 4348: 4343: 4313: 4308: 4272: 4213:Belonger status 4201: 4137:Solomon Islands 3903: 3885: 3880: 3850: 3824: 3819: 3736: 3734: 3727: 3694:10.2307/1973053 3625:Asian Ethnicity 3592:Asian Ethnicity 3571: 3569: 3509: 3507: 3500: 3438: 3424: 3422: 3415: 3366:SAGE Publishing 3358:India Quarterly 3321: 3319: 3312: 3280:10.4000/osb.433 3243:SAGE Publishing 3223: 3221: 3217: 3196: 3185: 3151: 3149: 3142: 3114: 3112: 3009: 3007: 3003: 2992: 2939:Hansen, Randall 2928: 2926: 2922: 2911: 2897: 2895: 2888: 2860: 2858: 2854: 2817: 2799: 2797: 2669:The Round Table 2651: 2591:10.2307/2644315 2421: 2419: 2415: 2404: 2393: 2391:General sources 2388: 2387: 2377: 2375: 2366: 2365: 2361: 2353: 2349: 2341: 2337: 2327: 2325: 2317: 2316: 2312: 2302: 2300: 2290: 2286: 2278: 2274: 2273: 2269: 2259: 2257: 2247: 2243: 2233: 2231: 2216: 2215: 2211: 2203: 2199: 2191: 2187: 2179: 2175: 2165: 2163: 2146: 2142: 2132: 2130: 2113: 2109: 2101: 2097: 2089: 2082: 2074: 2070: 2062: 2058: 2048: 2046: 2029: 2025: 2017: 2013: 2005: 2001: 1993: 1986: 1978: 1971: 1961: 1959: 1942: 1938: 1930: 1926: 1918: 1914: 1910:, p. 3237. 1906: 1902: 1894: 1890: 1882: 1878: 1870: 1863: 1859:, p. 1187. 1855: 1851: 1843: 1839: 1835:, pp. 185. 1831: 1827: 1819: 1815: 1807: 1803: 1795: 1791: 1783: 1779: 1771: 1767: 1759: 1755: 1747: 1740: 1732: 1725: 1717: 1713: 1705: 1701: 1693: 1689: 1681: 1677: 1669: 1662: 1654: 1650: 1646:, p. 1164. 1642: 1638: 1634:, p. 1150. 1630: 1626: 1618: 1614: 1606: 1602: 1594: 1590: 1582: 1578: 1570: 1563: 1555: 1551: 1543: 1539: 1531: 1524: 1516: 1512: 1504: 1497: 1489: 1485: 1477: 1473: 1469:, pp. 6–7. 1465: 1461: 1453: 1449: 1441: 1437: 1429: 1425: 1417: 1413: 1405: 1398: 1390: 1386: 1378: 1374: 1366: 1362: 1354: 1350: 1346:, p. 1135. 1342: 1338: 1330: 1326: 1318: 1314: 1306: 1302: 1294: 1290: 1284:Huttenback 1973 1282: 1278: 1272:Huttenback 1973 1270: 1266: 1260:Huttenback 1973 1258: 1254: 1246: 1242: 1234: 1230: 1222: 1218: 1210: 1206: 1198: 1194: 1186: 1182: 1174: 1170: 1162: 1158: 1150: 1146: 1138: 1134: 1126: 1122: 1116:Gosewinkel 2008 1114: 1110: 1102: 1098: 1090: 1086: 1078: 1074: 1066: 1062: 1058:, pp. 3–4. 1054: 1050: 1042: 1038: 1030: 1026: 1022:, pp. 2–3. 1018: 1014: 1002: 998: 997: 990: 980: 978: 969: 968: 961: 956: 951: 934: 917: 909:Main articles: 907: 898: 889: 863: 846: 841: 792:living abroad. 790:Indian diaspora 725: 715: 680: 644: 634: 605:British Islands 596: 590: 543: 496: 491: 483:First World War 433: 405:New South Wales 354:princely states 338: 328:British subject 320: 312:British monarch 269:was founded by 263: 257: 252: 236:natural persons 213: 98:Enacted by 73: 70: 65: 64: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8359: 8349: 8348: 8343: 8328: 8327: 8304: 8303: 8300: 8299: 8296: 8295: 8293: 8292: 8291: 8290: 8280: 8279: 8278: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8242: 8241: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8205: 8204: 8194: 8193: 8192: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8161: 8159: 8153: 8152: 8150: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8078: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8052: 8051: 8050: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8024: 8022: 8014: 8013: 8010: 8009: 8002: 7994: 7993: 7990: 7989: 7986: 7985: 7983: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7955:Income Tax Act 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7931: 7930: 7919: 7917: 7913: 7912: 7910: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7888: 7886: 7882: 7881: 7879: 7878: 7877: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7845: 7844: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7808: 7807: 7797: 7792: 7790:Pulp and paper 7787: 7782: 7781: 7780: 7778:Iron and Steel 7775: 7765: 7764: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7738: 7733: 7732: 7731: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7700: 7699: 7698: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7641: 7640: 7635: 7624: 7622: 7618: 7617: 7615: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7562:Madhya Pradesh 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7497:Andhra Pradesh 7493: 7491: 7487: 7486: 7484: 7483: 7482: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7461: 7456: 7455: 7454: 7444: 7439: 7433: 7431: 7427: 7426: 7424: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7401:Liberalisation 7398: 7393: 7387: 7385: 7379: 7378: 7376: 7375: 7374: 7373: 7368: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7337: 7335: 7331: 7330: 7328: 7327: 7322: 7321: 7320: 7315: 7305: 7304: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7267: 7265: 7261: 7260: 7258: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7212: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7166: 7165: 7154: 7152: 7148: 7147: 7145: 7144: 7139: 7133: 7131: 7121: 7120: 7108: 7107: 7104: 7103: 7100: 7099: 7097: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7040: 7038: 7032: 7031: 7029: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7012: 7010: 7004: 7003: 7000: 6999: 6996: 6995: 6993: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6946: 6944: 6938: 6937: 6935: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6893: 6891: 6884: 6878: 6877: 6875: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6853: 6852: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6826: 6820: 6814: 6813: 6811: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6794: 6793: 6788: 6778: 6773: 6771:Civil Services 6768: 6763: 6761:Prime Minister 6758: 6756:Vice President 6753: 6748: 6747: 6746: 6741: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6715: 6713: 6703: 6702: 6690: 6689: 6686: 6685: 6682: 6681: 6679: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6652:Nature worship 6649: 6644: 6638: 6636: 6632: 6631: 6629: 6628: 6623: 6621:Municipalities 6618: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6592: 6590: 6584: 6583: 6581: 6580: 6575: 6574: 6573: 6568: 6558: 6553: 6552: 6551: 6541: 6536: 6530: 6528: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6497: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6446:Extreme points 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6417: 6415: 6411: 6410: 6408: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6390:National parks 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6350:Climate change 6347: 6342: 6337: 6331: 6329: 6323: 6322: 6320: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6293: 6291: 6287: 6286: 6284: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6267: 6265: 6255: 6254: 6242: 6241: 6238: 6237: 6234: 6233: 6231: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6209: 6207: 6203: 6202: 6200: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6182:Smiling Buddha 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6138: 6136: 6132: 6131: 6129: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6087: 6086: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6059:1857 rebellion 6056: 6051: 6046: 6044:Princely state 6041: 6035: 6033: 6027: 6026: 6024: 6023: 6018: 6016:European trade 6013: 6008: 6002: 6000: 5994: 5993: 5991: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5963:Medieval India 5959: 5957: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5947: 5942: 5936: 5934: 5930: 5929: 5927: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5899:Yavana Kingdom 5896: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5870: 5868: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5846:Paper currency 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5792: 5791: 5786: 5780: 5778: 5770: 5769: 5757: 5756: 5751: 5750: 5743: 5736: 5728: 5719: 5718: 5716: 5715: 5703: 5700: 5693: 5686: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5663: 5661: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5627: 5626: 5616: 5611: 5605: 5603: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5595: 5590: 5589: 5588: 5581: 5574: 5567:Naturalization 5564: 5563: 5562: 5557: 5546: 5544: 5540: 5539: 5536: 5535: 5533: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5520:Nordic Council 5517: 5512: 5510:European Union 5507: 5501: 5499: 5493: 5492: 5490: 5489: 5484: 5473:American Samoa 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5400: 5398: 5394: 5393: 5390: 5389: 5387: 5386: 5384:United Kingdom 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5290: 5288: 5287:Rest of Europe 5284: 5283: 5281: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5153:Czech Republic 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5124: 5122: 5115:European Union 5108: 5104: 5103: 5101: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4879: 4877: 4873: 4872: 4869: 4868: 4866: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4804: 4802: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4794: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4661: 4659: 4652: 4648: 4647: 4645: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4632:Western Sahara 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4422:Congo Republic 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4363: 4361: 4354: 4350: 4349: 4342: 4341: 4334: 4327: 4319: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4280: 4278: 4274: 4273: 4271: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4209: 4207: 4203: 4202: 4200: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4182:United Kingdom 4179: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3913: 3911: 3905: 3904: 3902: 3901: 3895: 3893: 3887: 3886: 3879: 3878: 3871: 3864: 3856: 3849: 3848: 3837: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3817: 3776: 3743: 3725: 3706: 3673: 3648: 3615: 3582: 3541: 3516: 3498: 3471: 3431: 3413: 3394: 3353: 3328: 3310: 3284: 3263: 3230: 3189: 3183: 3158: 3140: 3125: 3084: 3053: 3033:10.1086/385652 3027:(1): 108–137. 3016: 2986: 2963: 2935: 2904: 2886: 2867: 2810: 2775: 2752: 2719: 2698: 2663: 2649: 2624: 2603: 2570: 2542:10.1086/386266 2519: 2486: 2467: 2432: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2385: 2359: 2347: 2335: 2310: 2298:Incredible Goa 2284: 2267: 2241: 2209: 2197: 2185: 2173: 2140: 2107: 2095: 2080: 2068: 2056: 2023: 2021:, p. 188. 2011: 1999: 1984: 1969: 1936: 1924: 1912: 1908:Fernandes 2005 1900: 1888: 1876: 1861: 1849: 1847:, p. 205. 1837: 1825: 1813: 1801: 1799:, p. 219. 1789: 1787:, p. 264. 1777: 1765: 1763:, p. 262. 1753: 1738: 1736:, p. 217. 1723: 1721:, p. 213. 1711: 1709:, p. 251. 1699: 1697:, p. 249. 1687: 1675: 1660: 1656:Gonçalves 2003 1648: 1636: 1624: 1622:, p. 654. 1612: 1610:, p. 640. 1600: 1588: 1576: 1574:, p. 498. 1561: 1559:, p. 181. 1549: 1537: 1522: 1510: 1508:, p. 862. 1495: 1483: 1479:Thapliyal 1999 1471: 1459: 1457:, p. 114. 1447: 1435: 1423: 1411: 1396: 1384: 1382:, p. 107. 1372: 1370:, p. 287. 1360: 1356:Steinberg 1949 1348: 1336: 1324: 1312: 1300: 1298:, p. 850. 1288: 1276: 1264: 1252: 1250:, p. 849. 1240: 1228: 1226:, p. 102. 1216: 1204: 1192: 1180: 1168: 1156: 1154:, p. 286. 1144: 1132: 1120: 1108: 1096: 1094:, p. 124. 1084: 1072: 1060: 1048: 1036: 1024: 1012: 988: 977:. 23 July 2015 958: 957: 955: 952: 950: 947: 946: 945: 940: 933: 930: 906: 903: 897: 894: 888: 885: 876:naturalisation 862: 859: 845: 842: 840: 837: 753:Assam Movement 714: 711: 679: 676: 633: 630: 589: 586: 542: 539: 507:Union of India 495: 492: 490: 487: 441:Queen Victoria 435:Following the 432: 431:Unequal status 429: 346:British Empire 336:Princely state 319: 316: 256: 253: 251: 248: 212: 209: 193:United Kingdom 165:naturalisation 141: 140: 133: 132: 126: 125: 121: 120: 117: 113: 112: 109: 105: 104: 99: 95: 94: 89: 85: 84: 79: 75: 74: 72: 71: 68: 58: 57: 56: 53: 52: 46: 45: 37: 36: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8358: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8338: 8336: 8326: 8316: 8315: 8312: 8289: 8286: 8285: 8284: 8281: 8277: 8274: 8273: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8240: 8237: 8236: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8203: 8200: 8199: 8198: 8195: 8191: 8188: 8187: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8162: 8160: 8158: 8154: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8057: 8056: 8053: 8049: 8046: 8045: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8025: 8023: 8019: 8015: 8008: 8004: 8003: 7999: 7995: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7970:Insurance Act 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7960:Companies Act 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7929: 7926: 7925: 7924: 7921: 7920: 7918: 7914: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7889: 7887: 7883: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7843: 7840: 7839: 7838: 7835: 7834: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7806: 7805:Biotechnology 7803: 7802: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7770: 7769: 7766: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7743: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7730: 7727: 7726: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7709:Entertainment 7707: 7705: 7702: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7677: 7676: 7673: 7672: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7630: 7629: 7626: 7625: 7623: 7619: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7607:Uttar Pradesh 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7494: 7492: 7488: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7466: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7453: 7450: 7449: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7434: 7432: 7428: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7388: 7386: 7384: 7380: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7363: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7338: 7336: 7332: 7326: 7323: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7310: 7309: 7306: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7291:Digital rupee 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7273: 7272: 7269: 7268: 7266: 7262: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7250:Make in India 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7205:Foreign trade 7203: 7201: 7200:External debt 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7164: 7161: 7160: 7159: 7156: 7155: 7153: 7149: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7134: 7132: 7130: 7126: 7122: 7118: 7113: 7109: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7041: 7039: 7037: 7033: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7013: 7011: 7009: 7005: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6947: 6945: 6943: 6939: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6894: 6892: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6879: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6862:Chief Justice 6860: 6858: 6857:Supreme Court 6855: 6851: 6848: 6847: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6827: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6815: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6783: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6736: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6724:Energy policy 6722: 6720: 6717: 6716: 6714: 6712: 6708: 6704: 6700: 6695: 6691: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6639: 6637: 6633: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6593: 6591: 6589: 6585: 6579: 6576: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6563: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6550: 6547: 6546: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6531: 6529: 6527: 6523: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6484:Indo-Gangetic 6482: 6481: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6418: 6416: 6412: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6332: 6330: 6328: 6324: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6294: 6292: 6288: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6268: 6266: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6252: 6247: 6243: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6210: 6208: 6204: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6192:The Emergency 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6139: 6137: 6133: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6085: 6082: 6081: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6036: 6034: 6032: 6028: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6003: 6001: 5999: 5995: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5960: 5958: 5956: 5952: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5937: 5935: 5931: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5914:Kushan Empire 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5889:Mahajanapadas 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5871: 5869: 5867: 5863: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5793: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5781: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5767: 5762: 5758: 5749: 5744: 5742: 5737: 5735: 5730: 5729: 5726: 5714: 5713: 5704: 5701: 5698: 5697:Schengen Area 5694: 5691: 5688: 5687: 5684: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5664: 5662: 5658: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5646:Statelessness 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5625: 5622: 5621: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5606: 5604: 5600: 5594: 5591: 5587: 5586: 5582: 5580: 5579: 5578:Ius sanguinis 5575: 5573: 5570: 5569: 5568: 5565: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5552: 5551: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5541: 5531: 5530:African Union 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5502: 5500: 5498:organizations 5496:International 5494: 5488: 5485: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5469:United States 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5401: 5399: 5395: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5291: 5289: 5285: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5213:Liechtenstein 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5120:Schengen Area 5116: 5112: 5109: 5105: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4880: 4878: 4874: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4805: 4803: 4799: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4783:United States 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4662: 4660: 4656: 4653: 4649: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4482:Guinea-Bissau 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4358: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4340: 4335: 4333: 4328: 4326: 4321: 4320: 4317: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4281: 4279: 4275: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4210: 4208: 4204: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3906: 3900: 3897: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3877: 3872: 3870: 3865: 3863: 3858: 3857: 3854: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3826: 3814: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3797:: 1141–1165. 3796: 3792: 3788: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3744: 3732: 3728: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3713: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3579: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3554: 3548: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3517: 3505: 3501: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3478: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3437: 3432: 3420: 3416: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3401: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3343:: 1134–1143. 3342: 3338: 3334: 3329: 3317: 3313: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3298: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3231: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3203: 3195: 3190: 3186: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3159: 3147: 3143: 3141:0-7146-8298-5 3137: 3133: 3132: 3126: 3122: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3097: 3091: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3017: 3002: 2998: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2970: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2921: 2917: 2910: 2905: 2893: 2889: 2887:1-84150-897-7 2883: 2879: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2824: 2816: 2811: 2807: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2782: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2759: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2670: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2585:: 1184–1206. 2584: 2580: 2576: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2526: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2477: 2473: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2439: 2433: 2429: 2414: 2410: 2403: 2402: 2396: 2395: 2373: 2369: 2368:"FAQs on OCI" 2363: 2356: 2351: 2344: 2339: 2324: 2320: 2314: 2299: 2295: 2288: 2277: 2271: 2256: 2252: 2245: 2229: 2225: 2224: 2219: 2213: 2206: 2201: 2194: 2189: 2183:, p. 30. 2182: 2177: 2161: 2157: 2156: 2151: 2144: 2128: 2124: 2123: 2118: 2111: 2105:, p. 12. 2104: 2099: 2092: 2087: 2085: 2077: 2072: 2065: 2060: 2044: 2040: 2039: 2034: 2027: 2020: 2015: 2008: 2003: 1997:, p. 20. 1996: 1991: 1989: 1982:, p. 34. 1981: 1976: 1974: 1957: 1953: 1952: 1947: 1940: 1933: 1928: 1922:, p. 13. 1921: 1916: 1909: 1904: 1898:, p. 11. 1897: 1892: 1885: 1880: 1874:, p. 35. 1873: 1868: 1866: 1858: 1853: 1846: 1841: 1834: 1829: 1822: 1817: 1810: 1805: 1798: 1793: 1786: 1781: 1774: 1769: 1762: 1757: 1750: 1745: 1743: 1735: 1730: 1728: 1720: 1715: 1708: 1703: 1696: 1691: 1684: 1679: 1673:, p. 15. 1672: 1667: 1665: 1658:, p. 56. 1657: 1652: 1645: 1640: 1633: 1628: 1621: 1616: 1609: 1604: 1597: 1592: 1585: 1580: 1573: 1568: 1566: 1558: 1553: 1546: 1541: 1534: 1529: 1527: 1519: 1514: 1507: 1502: 1500: 1492: 1487: 1480: 1475: 1468: 1463: 1456: 1451: 1444: 1439: 1433:, p. 34. 1432: 1427: 1420: 1419:Winegard 2011 1415: 1408: 1403: 1401: 1393: 1388: 1381: 1376: 1369: 1364: 1358:, p. 39. 1357: 1352: 1345: 1344:Pachauri 2010 1340: 1333: 1328: 1321: 1316: 1309: 1304: 1297: 1292: 1285: 1280: 1273: 1268: 1261: 1256: 1249: 1244: 1237: 1232: 1225: 1220: 1213: 1208: 1202:, p. 10. 1201: 1196: 1189: 1184: 1178:, p. 55. 1177: 1176:Karatani 2003 1172: 1165: 1160: 1153: 1148: 1141: 1140:Karatani 2003 1136: 1130:, p. 41. 1129: 1128:Karatani 2003 1124: 1118:, p. 13. 1117: 1112: 1105: 1100: 1093: 1088: 1081: 1076: 1069: 1064: 1057: 1052: 1045: 1040: 1033: 1028: 1021: 1016: 1008: 1001: 995: 993: 976: 972: 966: 964: 959: 944: 941: 939: 936: 935: 929: 927: 923: 916: 912: 902: 893: 884: 880: 877: 872: 869: 858: 855: 850: 836: 832: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 793: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 770: 766: 761: 758: 754: 750: 745: 743: 738: 734: 729: 724: 720: 710: 707: 702: 697: 693: 690: 685: 675: 673: 670:were not. In 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 648:Chandernagore 643: 639: 629: 627: 621: 618: 617:Great Britain 614: 610: 606: 601: 595: 585: 583: 578: 573: 570: 564: 560: 557: 553: 548: 538: 535: 531: 526: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 486: 484: 481:prior to the 478: 476: 472: 468: 463: 459: 455: 451: 445: 442: 438: 428: 426: 421: 417: 413: 408: 406: 402: 398: 393: 389: 385: 381: 376: 374: 370: 365: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 337: 333: 329: 325: 315: 313: 309: 303: 301: 297: 292: 291:Mughal Empire 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 271:royal charter 268: 262: 247: 245: 241: 237: 233: 232:Supreme Court 228: 226: 222: 218: 208: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 177: 175: 171: 166: 161: 158: 153: 151: 147: 138: 134: 131: 127: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 103: 100: 96: 93: 90: 86: 83: 80: 76: 67: 66: 63: 62: 54: 51: 47: 43: 38: 33: 30: 26: 22: 8246:Martial arts 8170:Architecture 8043:Demographics 8028:Caste system 8005:Society and 7655:Construction 7437:By net worth 7271:Indian rupee 7074:Reservations 7048: 6942:Intelligence 6845:Human rights 6830:Constitution 6588:Subdivisions 6281:Indian Plate 6271:Fossil Parks 6206:Contemporary 6121:World War II 5998:Early Modern 5988:Vijayanagara 5884:Vedic period 5754:India topics 5711: 5677:Soviet Union 5672:Ancient Rome 5667:Nazi Germany 5593:Repatriation 5583: 5576: 5543:By procedure 5078:Turkmenistan 5033:Saudi Arabia 4922: 4597:South Africa 4582:Sierra Leone 4387:Burkina Faso 4353:By continent 4142:South Africa 4127:Sierra Leone 4011: 3790: 3784: 3751: 3747: 3735:. 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