312:
29:
289:
297:
319:
26 May had been celebrated as the national day of the
Democratic Republic of Georgia until the Soviet takeover in 1921. During the Soviet era, it was clandestinely and irregularly observed by segments of society opposed to the Communist regime. As the Georgian national movement gained momentum in the
362:
coalition acceded to power in 2012, a military component of the
Independence Day celebration was limited to oath-taking ceremonies of Georgian soldiers and public exhibitions of military technology. The marchpast before the authorities did not return until the 105th Independence Day celebrations in
275:, which presided over the declaration of independence on 9 April 1991. During their rule (October 1990 โ January 1992), Gamsakhurdia's government had instituted 26 May as Independence Day; the 9 April 1991 declaration stated it was based on the 26 May 1918 Act of Independence. The
279:
on 31 March 1991 had also asked the citizens of
Georgia whether they wanted independence to be restored on the basis of the 26 May 1918 declaration. Since 1993, 9 April has been observed as the Day of National Unity, Civic Concordance, and Remembrance in Georgia.
320:
late 1980s, the symbols associated with the short-lived pre-Soviet republic became a rallying cry for those advocating independence from the Soviet Union. After
Georgia's declaration of independence on 9 April 1991, the government set on 26 May 1991 Georgia's
335:
Through much of
Shevardnadze's rule, Independence Day was a civilian observance. Since 1997, no military parades had been organized by the government, citing financial difficulties. Shevardnadze's successor as President of Georgia,
257:
423:
26 May 2018 โ Georgia celebrates the 100th anniversary of the declaration of independence of the First
Republic of Georgia. More than 20 high level delegations arrive to attend the event, including the presidents of
196:
of
Georgia. Independence Day is associated with military parades, fireworks, concerts, fairs, and political speeches and ceremonies, in addition to various other public and private events celebrating the
271:
Due to its symbolism and historical significance, 9 April has been advocated to be recognized as
Independence Day by the groups associated with the 1980s national movement and the government of
452:
420:
26 May 2011 โ Police prevent attempts by an opposition party to block the venue of an
Independence Day military parade, resulting in four deaths.
328:; Gamsakhurdia had been ousted in a military coup earlier that year. The 26 May 1992 celebration was attended by Shevardnadze's old acquaintance
1059:
1102:
1253:
226:
397:
26 May 1922 โ Soviet security forces break up rallies to mark the
Georgian Independence Day in Tbilisi and other places in the Georgian SSR.
347:
During Saakashvili's second term of presidency, the Independence Day celebrations were overshadowed by political instability; in 2008 and
181:
77:
394:
of Georgia, barring the national flags of the overthrown Democratic Republic of Georgia from being displayed during the celebrations.
276:
966:
321:
1152:
705:
646:
511:
249:
751:
721:
400:
26 May 1989 โ Pro-independence demonstrators gather in Tbilisi to mark Independence Day for the first time since 1922.
340:, restored, in 2004, tradition of holding military parades, which was used as a venue to exhibit new equipment of the
238:
214:
410:
26 May 1992 โ Georgian security forces break up a rally of supporters of the ousted President Gamsakhurdia, while
562:
637:
Kukhianidze, Alexandre (2014). "Georgia's military and civil security challenges". In Jones, Stephen F. (ed.).
542:
456:
222:
185:
1191:
332:. The day also witnessed one of the first major anti-Shevardnadze demonstrations in the streets of Tbilisi.
352:
348:
245:
202:
198:
451:
26 May 2021 โ Georgia celebrates the 30th anniversary of the restoration of independence. The remains of
324:, which was won by Zviad Gamsakhurdia. Georgia met 26 May of the next year with the new government led by
593:
417:
26 May 2004 โ The new government of Georgia marks Independence Day with the largest-ever military parade.
373:
81:
1263:
663:
570:
189:
173:
1169:
311:
1079:
404:
341:
300:
234:
103:
1122:
1258:
164:
1192:"Today Georgia marks the 100th anniversary since the First Republic of Georgia โ what's in store?"
355:
at obstructing a military parade planned for 26 May led to fatalities during a clash with police.
351:
large opposition rallies in central Tbilisi limited the scale of the celebrations and in 2011 an
380:
99:
28:
8:
463:
445:
337:
325:
970:
937:
911:
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804:
639:
The Making of Modern Georgia, 1918โ2012: The First Georgian Republic and Its Successors
530:
383:
attend the Independence Day demonstration in Tbilisi as part of their visit to Georgia.
272:
260:
on 9 April 1991, on the second anniversary of the Soviet military crackdown on a large
859:
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1148:
1114:
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747:
701:
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507:
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Georgia Diary: A Chronicle of War and Political Chaos in the Post-Soviet Caucasus
499:
288:
261:
140:
95:
537:(2nd ed.). Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 192, 322, 327.
359:
230:
218:
1247:
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391:
1172:[The great day of the Georgian army] (in Georgian). Voice of America
476:
1018:
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253:
213:
In the chaotic aftermath of the Russian Revolution of 1917, Georgia, which
193:
411:
407:
parade marks the first official post-Soviet Independence Day celebration.
329:
1046:
History of Georgia: From the Ancient Times Through the "Rose Revolution"
1222:"Georgian Democratic Republic's Commander-in-Chief Reburied in Tbilisi"
387:
315:
People posing at military hardware displayed in Tbilisi on 26 May 2014
244:
In FebruaryโMarch 1921 the Democratic Republic of Georgia fell to the
107:
618:
Fuller, Elizabeth (19 April 1991). "Georgia Declares Independence".
180:
observed on 26 May. It commemorates the 26 May 1918 adoption of the
1221:
1199:
429:
441:
437:
304:
265:
111:
85:
38:
106:, other Government officials and foreign guests, Flag hoisting,
1060:"Meeting Protocol of the Central Committee Plenum. May 7, 1921"
433:
425:
403:
26 May 1991 โ Georgia holds its first presidential election. A
344:. 26 May 2004 saw the largest ever military parade in Georgia.
296:
122:
390:
government of Georgia marks Independence Day to celebrate the
1048:. Tbilisi: Caucasus University Publishing House. p. 231.
834:"Independence Day Marked by the Largest Ever Military Parade"
292:
The second anniversary of Georgian independence. 26 May 1919.
256:
in 1922. Georgia seceded from the Soviet Union, adopting the
221:
since the early 19th century, declared itself an independent
967:"Georgia: Police Used Excessive Force on Peaceful Protests"
724:[Resolution of the Parliament of Georgia No. 211].
414:
attends the official celebrations of Independence Day.
1070:. Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia: 71. 2012.
33:Georgian soldiers with national flags marching on
1113:. Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia: 4โ22.
1043:
1245:
1145:Georgia: A Political History Since Independence
462:were reburied with full military honors to the
157:
661:
563:"April 9 โ a day of mourning and celebration"
1100:
1044:Silogava, Valeri; Shengelia, Kakha (2007).
636:
591:
556:
554:
722:"แกแแฅแแ แแแแแแก แแแ แแแแแแขแแก แแแแแแแแแแแ โ211"
626:(16). Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: 31.
376:adopts the Act of Independence of Georgia.
27:
860:"Military Parade Marked Independence Day"
746:
560:
1167:
828:
826:
805:"Military Parade Marks Independence Day"
551:
498:
366:
310:
295:
287:
912:"Opposition Rallies outside Parliament"
752:"Baker Visits Georgia to Help a Friend"
688:
686:
684:
506:. London: Reaktion Books. p. 329.
1246:
993:"President's Independence Day Address"
961:
959:
617:
594:"Georgia commemorates April 9 tragedy"
525:
523:
258:Act of Reestablishment of Independence
114:, exhibitions, "flower festival", etc.
1142:
823:
777:"Georgia Celebrates Independence Day"
692:
504:Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia
494:
492:
1254:Public holidays in Georgia (country)
886:"Army Parade Marks Independence Day"
681:
529:
956:
662:Alkhazashvili, M. (10 April 2008).
520:
477:แกแแแฎแแแ แ แแฆแแฃแแ แแแแแแกแจแ. 1997 แฌแแแ
13:
592:Datiashvili, Ana (10 April 2008).
489:
14:
1275:
700:. M.E. Sharpe. pp. xix, 86.
535:The Making of the Georgian Nation
353:attempt by part of the opposition
1019:"Georgia Marks Independence Day"
664:"April 9, a day of two meanings"
301:Georgian troops deployed in Iraq
227:brief and loose federative union
1214:
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1161:
1136:
1094:
1052:
1037:
1011:
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852:
797:
769:
740:
561:Metreveli, Ia (12 April 2007).
714:
655:
630:
611:
585:
457:Democratic Republic of Georgia
303:celebrate Independence Day in
186:Democratic Republic of Georgia
169:
1:
1198:. 26 May 2018. Archived from
1168:Tsuladze, Zaza (1 May 2017).
726:Legislative Herald of Georgia
482:
379:26 May 1920 โ Leaders of the
208:
7:
728:(in Georgian). 8 April 1993
374:National Council of Georgia
322:first presidential election
82:National Council of Georgia
16:National holiday in Georgia
10:
1280:
1147:. I.B.Tauris. p. 30.
641:. Routledge. p. 155.
283:
190:Russian Revolution of 1917
1101:Kereselidze, Lia (2010).
938:"Tens of Thousands Rally"
470:
342:Defence Forces of Georgia
252:, being annexed into the
250:Soviet Socialist Republic
248:and the country became a
158:
136:
128:
118:
98:with the speeches by the
91:
76:The day in 1918 that the
72:
64:
54:
46:
26:
21:
1170:"แฅแแ แแฃแแ แฏแแ แแก แแแแ แแฆแ"
1103:"May of 1922 in Georgia"
264:in Georgia's capital of
225:on 26 May 1918, after a
188:in the aftermath of the
184:, which established the
1143:Jones, Stephen (2015).
386:26 May 1921 โ The new
316:
308:
293:
262:pro-independence rally
1107:The Archival Bulletin
1064:The Archival Bulletin
466:in Tbilisi on 26 May.
367:Notable anniversaries
314:
299:
291:
246:invading Russian army
170:damouk'ideblobis dghe
141:Day of National Unity
668:The Messenger Online
598:The Messenger Online
381:Second International
277:preceding referendum
531:Suny, Ronald Grigor
464:Mtatsminda Pantheon
446:European Commission
338:Mikheil Saakashvili
326:Eduard Shevardnadze
223:Democratic Republic
182:Act of Independence
159:แแแแแฃแแแแแแแแแแก แแฆแ
80:was adopted by the
78:Act of Independence
971:Human Rights Watch
756:The New York Times
748:Crossette, Barbara
620:Report on the USSR
453:commander-in-chief
372:26 May 1918 โ The
317:
309:
294:
273:Zviad Gamsakhurdia
203:culture of Georgia
1264:Independence days
460:Giorgi Kvinitadze
147:
146:
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1238:
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1235:
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1181:
1179:
1177:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1121:. Archived from
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1078:. Archived from
1056:
1050:
1049:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1004:
989:
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949:
934:
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795:
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712:
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690:
679:
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652:
634:
628:
627:
615:
609:
608:
606:
604:
589:
583:
582:
580:
578:
569:. Archived from
558:
549:
548:
527:
518:
517:
500:Rayfield, Donald
496:
229:with the fellow
171:
168:
161:
160:
150:Independence Day
68:National holiday
55:Observed by
50:May twenty-sixth
41:, on 26 May 2008
35:Rustaveli Avenue
31:
22:Independence Day
19:
18:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1259:May observances
1244:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1231:
1229:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1205:
1203:
1202:on 23 July 2018
1190:
1189:
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1175:
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1166:
1162:
1155:
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1126:
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1095:
1085:
1083:
1082:on May 25, 2014
1058:
1057:
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1038:
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1016:
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750:(26 May 1992).
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573:on 25 May 2014
567:Georgian Times
550:
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513:978-1780230306
512:
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360:Georgian Dream
307:on 26 May 2006
285:
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219:Russian Empire
210:
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174:public holiday
145:
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1228:. 26 May 2021
1227:
1226:Civil Georgia
1223:
1217:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1187:
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1125:on 2013-01-15
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1025:. 26 May 2017
1024:
1023:Civil Georgia
1020:
1014:
999:. 26 May 2014
998:
997:Civil Georgia
994:
988:
973:. 26 May 2011
972:
968:
962:
960:
944:. 26 May 2009
943:
942:Civil Georgia
939:
933:
918:. 26 May 2008
917:
916:Civil Georgia
913:
907:
892:. 26 May 2007
891:
890:Civil Georgia
887:
881:
866:. 26 May 2004
865:
864:Civil Georgia
861:
855:
840:. 26 May 2004
839:
838:Civil Georgia
835:
829:
827:
811:. 26 May 2010
810:
809:Civil Georgia
806:
800:
785:. 26 May 2002
784:
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782:Civil Georgia
778:
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757:
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330:James Baker
215:was annexed
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1248:Categories
1129:2014-05-25
544:0253209153
483:References
444:, and the
358:After the
239:Azerbaijan
209:Background
1196:Agenda.ge
1119:1512-2867
1076:1512-2867
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268:in 1989.
165:romanized
143:(9 April)
129:Frequency
108:Fireworks
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696:(2009).
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430:Slovakia
154:Georgian
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455:of the
442:Armenia
438:Finland
305:Baghdad
284:History
266:Tbilisi
235:Armenia
217:by the
199:history
178:Georgia
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1232:26 May
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1234:2021
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