183:, another leading Menshevik, gave two speeches in the Seim. In the first, he explained that the TDFR was unable to continue as there was a lack of unity among the people and that ethnic strife led to a division of action in regards to the Ottoman invasion. In his second speech, Tsereteli blamed the Azerbaijanis for failing to support the defense of the TDFR and declared that as the federation had failed it was time for Georgia to proclaim itself independent. At 15:00 the motion was passed: "Because on the questions of war and peace there arose basic differences among the peoples who had created the Transcaucasian Republic, and because it became impossible to establish one authoritative order speaking in the name of all Transcaucasia, the Seim certifies the fact of the dissolution of Transcaucasia and lays down its powers." Most delegates left the chamber, with only the Georgians remaining, who were shortly joined by members of the Georgian National Council. Jordania then read the Georgian declaration of independence and proclaimed the
169:
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to request German assistance to help secure
Georgian independence. He returned to Tiflis on 21 May and expressed confidence that Georgia could become independent. The Armenian, Azerbaijani, and Georgian representatives from the Seim (TDFR legislature) met on 21 May to discuss the future of
242:แแแ แฉแแแ แ แ แแแแแกแ แซแแแฆแแแแก แแแแ แแ, แกแแฅแแ แแแแแแ แแ แแแกแแแ แแ แแแ แแแแแ แแแแแแกแแแ แแแแ แแแแแก แแแแแก แกแแแฃแแแ แกแแฅแแแแแแก แแแซแฆแแแ แแ แแแขแ แแแแแ แแ แจแแกแแคแแ แ แแ แแแแแแแแช แจแแฐแฅแแแแก; แแแแ แแ แแแ แแจแ แซแแแแ แแแแแแแแแแ แแแแแ แแแแแแกแแแก แแ แแ แจแแแแแ แแแแแแ แแแแจแแ แ แแแแ แฆแแ แแ แแแ แแแแแ แแแแแแกแแแก แแแแแขแแแฃแ แ แแแแแแแแแแช แแแแจแแแ.
262:
Thus, left to her own devices, Georgia, and with her all
Transcaucasia, took into their hands the direction of their affairs, creating the necessary bodies for this purpose; but under pressure from exterior forces the links which tied Transcaucasian nations were broken and the political unity of
138:
invaded, and with political and ethnic differences the state was unable to sustain itself. With the
Armenians fighting the Ottoman forces and the Azerbaijanis having their own issues with Bolsheviks controlling Baku, the Georgians concluded that they had no future in the TDFR. On 14 May
328:
7. Until the convocation of the
Constituent Assembly, the governance of Georgia shall be conferred to the National Council, with additional representation of the national minorities, and the Provisional Government responsible to the National Council.
160:. On 24 May Von Lossow replied that he was only authorized to work with the TDFR as a whole; as it was becoming apparent that it would not last long, he would have to leave Trabzon and consult with his government on how to proceed further.
266:
The present state of the
Georgian nation makes it imperative, that Georgia shall create a statehood organisation of her own, so that she may escape the conquest from external force and lay a solid foundation for her independent development.
245:แฅแแ แแแแแ แแ แแก แแฆแแแแแแแแ แแแแแแแ แแแแ แแฃแชแแแแแแแ แแแแแฎแแแก, แ แแ แกแแฅแแ แแแแแแ แกแแแฃแแแ แ แกแแฎแแแแฌแแคแแแแ แแแ แแ แแแแแแแชแแ แจแแฐแฅแแแแก, แแแกแ แกแแจแฃแแแแแแ แแแ แแจแ แซแแแแก แแแแ แแแแงแ แแแแกแแแแ แแแแ แแแแแแ แฉแแแแก แแ แแแแแฃแแแแแแแ แแแแแแแแ แแแแก แแขแแแชแ แกแแคแฃแซแแแแ แแแแแก.
324:
7. แแแแคแฃแซแแแแแ แแ แแแแก แจแแแ แแแแแแ แแแแแแก แกแแฅแแ แแแแแแก แแแ แแแ-แแแแแแแแแก แกแแฅแแแก แฃแซแฆแแแแ แแ แแแแฃแแ แกแแแญแ, แ แแแแแแช แจแแแกแแแฃแแ แแฅแแแแ แแ แแแแฃแ แฃแแชแแ แแกแแแแแ แฌแแ แแแแแแแแแแแแแ, แแ แแ แแแแแแ แแแแแ แแแ แแแกแฃแฎแแกแแแแแแแแ แกแแแญแแก แฌแแแแจแ.
254:
At the end of the eighteenth century, imperiled by its enemies from all sides, Georgia voluntarily allied herself with Russia, with the stipulation that the latter should protect her from the enemies without.
258:
In the course of the great
Russian Revolution, internal conditions arose in Russia, that resulted in the disorganisation of the entire military front and the abandonment of Transcaucasia by the Russian Army.
311:
5. The
Georgian Democratic Republic shall ensure within her borders civil and political rights to all of its citizens equally, irrespective of their ethnicity, faith, social station and gender.
300:
4. แกแแฅแแ แแแแแแก แแแแแแ แแขแแฃแ แ แแกแแฃแแแแแแก แฐแกแฃแ แก แกแแแ แแแจแแ แแกแ แฃแ แแแแ แแแแแก แงแแแแ แฌแแแ แแแ แแแแแแแแแแแแฃแ แ แแแแฌแงแแแแแแแ แแแแแงแแ แแก, แแแแกแแแฃแแ แแแแ แแ แแแกแแแฆแแ แ แกแแฎแแแแฌแแคแแแแแแ แแ แแ แแแแแ.
236:แแแแแ แแแแขแ แกแแฃแแฃแแแก แแแกแแกแ แฃแแก แงแแแแ แแฎแ แแ แแขแ แแกแแแแ แจแแแแฌแ แแแแแฃแแ แกแแฅแแ แแแแแ แแแแแก แแแแแ แจแแฃแแ แแแ แ แฃแกแแแก แแ แแแ แแแแ, แ แแ แ แฃแกแแแ แแแแแแแฃแแ แแงแ แกแแฅแแ แแแแแ แแแ แแจแ แแขแ แแกแแแแ แแแแชแแ.
152:
the TDFR and agreed that it was not likely to last much longer. The next day the
Georgians met alone and resolved that independence was their only logical choice. Jordania and
308:
5. แกแแฅแแ แแแแแแก แแแแแแ แแขแแฃแแ แ แแกแแฃแแแแแ แแแแแก แกแแแฆแแ แแแจแ แแแแแกแฌแแ แแ แฃแแ แฃแแแแแฐแงแแคแก แงแแแแ แแแฅแแแแฅแแก แกแแแแฅแแแแฅแ แแ แแแแแขแแแฃแ แฃแคแแแแแแก แแแแฃแ แฉแแแแแ แแ แแแแแแแกแ แแ แกแฅแแกแแกแ.
303:
4. The
Georgian Democratic Republic intends to establish good-neighborly relations with all nations, and especially with the States and nations at its borders.
239:แ แฃแกแแแแก แแแแแก แ แแแแแฃแชแแแก แแกแแแแแแแแ แ แฃแกแแแจแ แแกแแแ แจแแแแแแแ แฌแงแแแแแแแ แจแแฐแฅแแแ, แ แแ แแแแแ แกแแแแแ แ แคแ แแแขแ แกแ แฃแแแแ แแแแจแแแ แแ แ แฃแกแแก แฏแแ แแแช แแแฃแขแแแ แแแแแ แแแแแแกแแ.
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Accordingly, the
Georgian National Council, elected by the National Assembly of Georgia on November 22 (December 5), 1917, declares:
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6. The Georgian Democratic Republic shall provide a wide field of free development to all nationalities that inhabit it.
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1. Henceforth, the Georgian people shall hold sovereign power, and Georgia shall be a fully-fledged independent State.
248:แแแแกแแ แแแแแฎแแแ แกแแฅแแ แแแแแแก แแ แแแแฃแแ แกแแแญแ, 1917 แฌแแแก 22 แแแแแแแ แก แแ แฉแแฃแแ แกแแฅแแ แแแแแแก แแ แแแแฃแ แงแ แแแแแแก แแแแ , แแชแฎแแแแแก:
276:
1.แแแแแ แแแแแ แกแแฅแแ แแแแแแก แฎแแแฎแ แกแฃแแแ แแแฃแ แฃแคแแแแแแ แแแขแแ แแแแแแ แแ แกแแฅแแ แแแแแ แกแ แฃแแฃแคแแแแแแแแ แแแแแฃแแแแแแแแ แกแแฎแแแแฌแแคแแ.
316:
6. แกแแฅแแ แแแแแแก แแแแแแ แแขแแฃแแ แ แแกแแฃแแแแแ แแแแแแแแ แแแแก แแแแแกแฃแคแแ แแกแแแ แแแก แแแฃแฎแกแแแก แแแก แขแแ แแขแแ แแแแแ แแแกแแฎแแ แงแแแแ แแ แก.
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gave the final speech of the Seim, calling for the dissolution of the TDFR and the independence of Georgia.
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134:(TDFR), a union of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. However it only lasted until May 26 1918, as the
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234:แแ แแแแ แกแแฃแแฃแแแแ แแแแแแแแแแแจแ แกแแฅแแ แแแแแ แแ แกแแแแแแ, แ แแแแ แช แแแแแฃแแแแแแแแ แแ แแแแแกแฃแคแแแ แกแแฎแแแแฌแแคแ.
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drafted a declaration of independence on 22 May, before Jordania left again for Batum to meet
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2. Independent Georgiaโs form of political organisation shall be a Democratic Republic.
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had seen the Caucasus region establish an independent state on 22 April 1918, the
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532:, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press,
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2. แแแแแฃแแแแแแแ แกแแฅแแ แแแแแแก แแแแแขแแแฃแ แ แคแแ แแ แแแแแแ แแขแแฃแแ แ แแกแแฃแแแแแแ.
107:
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3. แกแแแ แแแจแแ แแกแ แแแแแแแแแจแ แกแแฅแแ แแแแแ แแฃแแแแแ แแแแขแ แแแฃแ แ แกแแฎแแแแฌแแคแแ.
144:
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For many centuries Georgia existed as a free and independent State.
551:(Second ed.), Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press,
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3. In international conflict Georgia shall always remain neutral.
16:
Declaration of Independence for the Democratic Republic of Georgia
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on 26 May 1918 established a Georgian state from the
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132:Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
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187:. This was followed two days later with an
33:1918 document signed by the members of the
509:The Struggle for Transcaucasia (1917โ1921)
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530:Armenia on the Road to Independence, 1918
593:1918 establishments in Georgia (country)
511:, New York City: Philosophical Library,
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207:Text of the Declaration of Independence
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110:, and Georgia in the wake of the 1917
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189:Armenian declaration of independence
92:Georgian Declaration of Independence
22:Georgian Declaration of Independence
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368:sakartvelos damouk'ideblobis akt'i
263:Transcaucasia was thus dissolved.
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549:The Making of the Georgian Nation
623:Separatism in the Russian Empire
613:Tbilisi in the Russian Civil War
357:แกแแฅแแ แแแแแแก แแแแแฃแแแแแแแแแแก แแฅแขแ
223:แกแแฅแแ แแแแแแก แแแแแฃแแแแแแแแแแก แแฅแขแ
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61:, but is kept in the Archives)
57:(the document is owned by the
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191:, followed quickly by
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545:Suny, Ronald Grigor
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582:Categories
486:2023-06-07
339:References
122:Background
108:Azerbaijan
538:175119194
455:Suny 1994
363:romanized
145:Menshevik
547:(1994),
528:(1969),
507:(1951),
352:Georgian
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50:Location
104:Armenia
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149:Batumi
116:Tiflis
553:ISBN
534:OCLC
513:ISBN
199:and
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90:The
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375:^
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350:(
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