1127:"The yacht owner shall indemnify, defend, and hold harmless the marina from any costs, expenses, damages, and against all claims, demands, loss, lawsuits, including judgments and attorney fees for damages to property, injury or life to third parties resulting or arising from the yacht owner's use of the yacht." The lawyer for a boat owners' group interpreted that as meaning: "By signing a marina contract with such provisions, you may find yourself responsible for costs not covered by your insurance policy ... What it means is that if your guest is injured at the marina, even if it's the marina's fault, you agree that you will defend the marina against the claim and pay any damages for which the marina is deemed responsible."
1145:"Upon request by Bank of America or its Affiliates, you agree to defend, indemnify and hold harmless Bank of America ... from all liabilities, claims and expenses, including attorneys fees, that arise from ... third party claims arising from your use of the Sites. Bank of America and its Affiliates reserve the right to assume the exclusive defense and control of any matter otherwise subject to indemnification by you. Notwithstanding the foregoing, you are not required to indemnify Bank of America or its Affiliates for its own violations of applicable laws."
1151:"You agree to indemnify, defend and hold harmless Angie's List ... against all losses ... arising from: (a) any violation of this Agreement by You; (b) the inaccurate or untruthful Content or other information provided by You to Angie's List or that You submit, transmit or otherwise make available through the Service; or (c) any intentional or willful violation of any rights of another or harm You may have caused to another. Angie's List will have sole control of the defense of any such damage or claim."
38:
1148:"You agree to indemnify, defend and hold harmless Verizon Parties from and against all losses ... related to claims made by any third-party due to or arising out of (a) Submitted Material ... (b) your use of the Sites or Resources ... Verizon reserves the right to assume the defense and control of any matter subject to indemnification by you, in which event you will cooperate with Verizon in asserting any available defenses."
1103:
directors since few would serve as directors if their risks were not indemnified. Negotiation is important for both parties. "Just about all homeowner association management contracts have a provision which states that the HOA shall indemnify the manager under certain circumstances ... There are several ways the indemnification clause can be drafted and both management and HOA must take into account what protects each the best."
1123:), the wording often lets the indemnitee decide what to spend on legal costs and bill the indemnitor. Most clauses are quite broad. The following are examples of indemnity requirements from a range of businesses. The last one, Angie's List, limits issues to the user's fault, but decisions and costs are still controlled by the indemnitee (Angie's List).
1091:. Knowing that its defense and settlement costs are being borne by the indemnitor, the indemnitee may be encouraged to engage a more expensive legal team or pursue a riskier defense strategy than it would otherwise. For this reason, most indemnitors are unwilling to indemnify against claims when they do not control the defense of the claim."
1167:
if the face amount of the policy is higher. This is in contrast to, for example, life insurance, where the amount of the beneficiary's economic loss is irrelevant. The death of the person whose life is insured for reasons not excluded from the policy obligate the insurer to pay the entire policy amount to the beneficiary.
822:(1677), a "guarantee" (an undertaking of secondary liability; to answer for another's default) must be evidenced in writing. No such formal requirement exists in respect of indemnities (involving the assumption of primary liability; to pay irrespective of another's default) which are enforceable even if made orally.
1139:"You agree that you will indemnify and hold harmless NPR ... from any and all claims ... arising from ... (2) your use of the NPR Services, (3) the User Materials you have Submitted on or through the NPR Services, or (4) NPR's publication, distribution or use of such User Materials ..."
964:, which is the promise of a third party to honor the obligation of a party to a contract should that party be unable or unwilling to do so (usually a guarantee is limited to an obligation to pay a debt). This distinction between indemnity and guarantee was discussed as early as the eighteenth century in
1270:(1810–1874), a wealthy Peruvian landowner and conservative politician, led the meeting of the main landowners of the country for an indemnity after slavery abolition and ruled the commission who promoted the immigration of Asians to replace former slaves as a workforce during Ramón Castilla government.
1106:
If indemnitors can negotiate a limit on liability in their contract, that limits the cost of a potential indemnity if they "make clear in the agreement that any limitations of liability (whether in the form of caps or exclusions of certain types of damages – e.g., consequential) apply
1039:
decided that the specific indemnity clause was unenforceable in New Jersey because it covered Public
Storage's own negligence without explicitly saying so, contrary to New Jersey law (other states differ). A 2013 decision in New Jersey upheld a broad indemnity clause since it was followed by another
1170:
Most business interruption insurance policies contain an
Extended Period of Indemnity Endorsement, which extends coverage beyond the time that it takes to physically restore the property. This provision covers additional expenses that allow the business to return to prosperity and help the business
1166:
Indemnity insurance compensates the beneficiaries of the policies for their actual economic losses, up to the limiting amount of the insurance policy. It generally requires the insured to prove the amount of its loss before it can recover. Recovery is limited to the amount of the provable loss even
1098:
has published advice on negotiations of construction contracts: that (1) owners try to get contractors to indemnify as much as possible and for (2) contractors (a) indemnify only for their own negligence and (b) "establish a right but not a duty for the contractor to defend under an indemnification
1082:
Indemnities can be expensive enough to bankrupt a company which pays them: "If manufacturers ... are to survive, they will need liability insurance, as well as favorable contracts with retailers. If you look at a big retailers, such as Trader Joe's or Costco or
Walmart or Randalls, very often
1102:
An example of letting the indemnitor control costs is in the case of a contractor for a homeowners' association (HOA) in which "Contractor shall indemnify, defend (by counsel reasonably acceptable to
Association) and hold harmless the Association." Companies and HOAs also use indemnity to protect
1086:
When a contract is "negotiable," the indemnitor negotiates to control those legal costs. It will not let the indemnified party (indemnitee) overspend: "An arrangement in which the indemnitee makes decisions about how to defend and settle the claim while the indemnitor writes the checks presents a
798:
context, a principal may be obligated to indemnify their agent for liabilities incurred while carrying out responsibilities under the relationship. While the events giving rise to an indemnity may be specified by contract, the actions that must be taken to compensate the injured party are largely
1179:
As part of the appointment of officers, the board will often approve indemnification agreements with the officer. Such agreements provide for indemnification of officers for personal liability for actions taken on behalf of the corporation. The board will also approve separate resolutions that
1019:
Under US law, interpretation of indemnification clauses varies by state. For example, in
California indemnification clauses do not cover certain risks unless the risks are listed in the contract, but in New York, the brief clause, "X shall defend and indemnify Y for all claims arising from the
1010:
The US government publishes special Terms of
Service, which it has negotiated with many companies, to exclude indemnification for official US government work. US law "is violated by any indemnification agreement that, without statutory authorization, imposes on the United States an open-ended,
1133:"Occupant shall indemnify and hold Owner and Owner's Agents harmless from any loss incurred by Owner and Owner's Agents in any way arising out of Occupant's use of the Premises or the Property including, but not limited to, claims of injury or loss by Occupant's visitors or invitees."
1914:
1040:
sentence: "indemnity agreement is intended to be as broad and inclusive as is permitted by the law of the State of New Jersey." The judge said, "It is true that a consumer, unfamiliar with the laws of New Jersey, would not be able to state with certainty how far the waiver extends."
1011:
potentially unrestricted liability." The
Attorney General says federal agencies "should renegotiate the terms of service to revise or eliminate the indemnification clause or cancel the 's enrollments in social media applications when their operators insist on such a clause."
984:
An indemnity guarantees compensation equal to the amount of loss subject to the indemnity, while a warranty only guarantees compensation for the reduction in value of the acquired asset due to the warranted fact being untrue (and the beneficiary must prove such diminution in
1055:
did not require a customer to indemnify a whitewater rafting company for injury to his wife since the wording may have applied only to him and his children, and clauses cannot be enforced in
Wyoming to indemnify a company for its own negligence.
1047:
required a flower shop to indemnify its shopping center for a customer who slipped on the icy parking lot, though of no fault of the flower shop, because the tenant was there to visit that shop, and the shop's lease had a broad indemnity clause.
1933:
1142:"If you are using our Services on behalf of a business, that business accepts these terms. It will hold harmless and indemnify Google ... from any claim, action or proceedings arising from or related to the use of the Services ..."
793:
contracts; for example, a car owner may purchase different kinds of insurance as an indemnity for various kinds of loss arising from operation of the car, such as damage to the car itself, or medical expenses following an accident. In an
968:. In that case, concerned with a guarantee of payment for goods rather than payment of rent, the presiding judge explained that a guarantee effectively says "Let him have the goods; if he does not pay you, I will."
1006:
in the United States require one party (indemnitor, typically a customer) to pay (indemnify) the other side's costs for legal claims arising from the relationship. They are particularly common in online services.
774:) due to the relevant acts of the indemnitor or any other party. The duty to indemnify is usually, but not always, coextensive with the contractual duty to "hold harmless" or "save harmless". In contrast, a "
1083:
there will be an indemnity provision providing that, if you want to sell a product in our stores, and if it gets someone sick or if it has to be recalled, and it's your fault, you must pay us back for that."
1034:
sued in court to make the woman who rented the unit pay for the injury. She tried to ignore the case and so state court ruled that she had to pay. She then retained a lawyer and went to court. In 2014, the
1664:
The Anti-Deficiency Act
Implications of Consent by Government Employees to Online Terms of Service Agreements Containing Open-Ended Indemnification Clauses (Opinion of the US Attorney General. 2012)
1463:
299:
1219:
2344:
1020:
Product" makes X responsible for all claims against Y. Indemnity can be extremely costly since X's liability insurance typically does not cover claims against Y, but X still has to cover them.
1972:
1027:
stated, "By statute, a contractual provision requiring a purchaser of a product to indemnify a manufacturer is 'void and unenforceable' in certain circumstances. Utah Code § 78B-6-707."
1780:
1584:
2047:
1030:
In 2012–2014, a New Jersey woman had to pay a lawyer to get out of an indemnity payment for injury at a storage unit. When someone slipped on ice in 2012 while going to a unit,
1895:
1036:
304:
1052:
1389:
1665:
1207:
were freed in 1897, it was by compensation since the prevailing opinion was that the slave owners suffered the loss of an asset whenever a slave was freed.
1136:"You agree to defend, hold harmless and indemnify edX ... against any third-party claims ... in any way related to your use of the Site ..."
1467:
572:
677:
3 Historically restricted in common law jurisdictions but generally accepted elsewhere; availability varies between contemporary common law jurisdictions
1529:
518:
2352:
3327:
567:
1130:"You agree to indemnify and hold Uber ... harmless from any and all claims ... in connection with: (i) your use of the Services ..."
692:
259:
1063:
ruled that a subcontractor must indemnify the builder for damages that it caused, according to an indemnification clause in their purchase order.
3342:
2607:
1278:
The nation that wins a war may insist on being paid compensations for the costs of the war, even after having been the instigator of the war.
1180:
approve indemnification for decisions made by directors. Indemnity agreements are included in the post-incorporation processes of companies.
2255:
1788:
2587:
2154:
3337:
1218:
had requested many millions of dollars from
Congress with which to compensate slave owners for the loss of their slaves. On 9 July 1868,
1592:
2713:
2408:
2040:
2064:
Phillips, Andelka M. (2015). "Genomic Privacy and Direct-to-Consumer Genetics: Big Consumer Genetic Data – What's in that Contract?".
2018:
506:
2378:
3550:
3347:
1499:
737:
3332:
710:
825:
Under current English law, indemnities must be clearly and precisely worded in the contract in order to be enforceable. The
2602:
1640:
865:
and funds are exchanged, but indemnity may be granted for costs necessarily incurred to the innocent party pursuant to the
2548:
2743:
1950:
1384:
1364:
1354:
948:. Therefore, the costs of indemnity arise from the (transient and performed) obligations of the claimant rather than a
2672:
2518:
2429:
2095:
1999:
1767:
1541:
1446:
1616:
Privacy in the Clouds: An Empirical Study of the Terms of Service and Privacy Policies of 20 Cloud Service Providers
2738:
1748:
1349:
323:
287:
1841:
991:
Warranties do not cover problems known to the beneficiary at the time the warranty is given, while indemnities do.
3317:
2708:
2698:
1856:
3322:
1636:
1557:
826:
813:
316:
20:
1267:
1729:
1695:
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3480:
2728:
2629:
1869:
1344:
582:
172:
3297:
2994:
2940:
2779:
2614:
2506:
1252:
1238:
1067:
67:
2945:
2809:
2703:
2041:"Contracts for Clouds: Comparison and Analysis of the Terms and Conditions of Cloud Computing Services"
1763:
1744:
730:
602:
328:
2384:
891:
was rescinded, the buyer could be indemnified for the cost of renovation as this was necessary to the
681:
3024:
2913:
2723:
2624:
2446:
1161:
927:
871:
854:
577:
536:
448:
3397:
3149:
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3019:
2999:
2667:
2619:
1929:
1230:
1095:
838:
384:
97:
3518:
3200:
2989:
2857:
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2662:
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2541:
2477:
2265:
2147:
1409:
1398:
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1060:
887:
and, the contamination incurred medical expenses for their manager, who had fallen ill. Once the
706:
557:
366:
216:
2397:
1711:
3292:
2925:
2753:
1976:
1044:
858:
767:
282:
242:
167:
143:
125:
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1623:
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3122:
2977:
2862:
2824:
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1809:
1393:
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1222:
dismissed all of the claims that slave owners had been injured by the freeing of the slaves.
1071:
723:
699:
562:
130:
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2982:
2962:
2789:
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2315:
1242:
590:
427:
277:
156:
62:
57:
515:(also implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing or duty to negotiate in good faith)
8:
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3470:
3465:
3450:
3312:
3272:
3034:
3004:
2872:
2733:
2657:
2647:
2472:
346:
237:
102:
82:
2930:
2046:. Rochester, NY: Queen Mary University of London – Cloud Legal Project.
782:) to another party to perform the promise of a relevant other party if that other party
3511:
3423:
3302:
3227:
3044:
3009:
2920:
2877:
2847:
2819:
2814:
2784:
2758:
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2534:
2511:
2205:
2101:
1494:
1489:
1438:
1379:
1024:
949:
915:
830:
709:, and Canadian jurisprudence in both Québec and the common law provinces pertaining to
632:
595:
437:
409:
375:
268:
253:
247:
221:
1464:"English Indemnity Law – Parsing the Promise: Words Are Important, But So Are Actions"
988:
Warranties require the beneficiary to mitigate their losses, while indemnities do not.
3372:
3242:
3134:
3098:
3088:
3049:
3039:
2967:
2957:
2887:
2514:
2425:
2091:
1619:
1537:
1442:
1120:
850:
819:
783:
489:
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199:
148:
139:
120:
77:
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1431:
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3440:
3385:
3377:
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2908:
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2774:
2592:
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1234:
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512:
399:
394:
356:
351:
194:
177:
2016:
829:
stated that a consumer cannot be made to unreasonably indemnify another for their
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3460:
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3212:
3171:
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3108:
2972:
2952:
2829:
2794:
2501:
2374:
2320:
2260:
1404:
1306:
1215:
404:
134:
111:
3403:
3252:
2935:
2799:
2693:
2639:
1330:
1031:
650:
541:
472:
457:
205:
52:
3534:
3206:
3127:
3075:
3014:
2852:
2718:
1322:
1211:
1074:
could not enforce its clause requiring renters to indemnify Hertz's insurer.
900:
441:
189:
162:
92:
19:
This article is about financial compensations. For the religious belief, see
184:
3455:
3267:
3262:
3222:
3183:
1369:
1193:
1088:
795:
751:
645:
640:
627:
418:
72:
16:
Contractual obligation to compensate for losses incurred by the other party
1696:
http://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/tips-for-a-startup-manufacturer-in-31651/
3490:
3445:
3118:
2903:
2233:
1618:, Queen Mary University of London – Cloud Legal Project,
1614:
Kamarinou, Dimitra; Millard, Christopher; Hon, W. Kuan (18 August 2015),
1374:
1326:
1310:
759:
483:
389:
294:
211:
2179:
2077:
799:
unpredictable, and the maximum compensation is often expressly limited.
3389:
3381:
3257:
3178:
3139:
3083:
2119:
2039:
Bradshaw, Simon; Millard, Christopher; Walden, Ian (2 September 2010).
834:
685:
668:
87:
2086:
1870:"The biggest food recall of 2018 is one you still haven't heard about"
3431:
3247:
3188:
2557:
2398:
Fourteenth Amendment and related resources at the Library of Congress
1973:"Association Answers: Are HOA board members protected from lawsuits?"
961:
940:
930:
is voidable but not void, so, for a period of time, there is a legal
919:
790:
775:
636:
311:
37:
914:
is subtle and may be differentiated by considering the roots of the
3155:
2017:
Michael Bloom, Lindsey Chandler and Alexa Peterson (13 June 2016).
1204:
977:
935:
931:
923:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
866:
862:
466:
361:
29:
1401:, made from Germany due to the signing of the Treaty of Versailles
3093:
3029:
2292:
1226:
945:
911:
904:
432:
2748:
2256:"Terms and Conditions for Bank of America Corporation Websites"
1256:
934:. During that time, both parties have legal obligation. If the
3408:
2316:"Angie's List Membership Agreement – item 26"
1913:
Merwin, Bruce W.; Linley, Joanne; Steedman, Tracy L. (2014).
1317:
of fine silver as indemnity over a course of 39 years to the
1295:
1291:
1248:
1197:
2526:
1253:
required to pay an indemnity of 150,000,000 francs to France
1188:
899:
did not require them to hire a manager. Were the sellers at
3103:
2124:
2069:
1314:
1299:
1263:
876:
622:
1893:
2019:"Some IP Indemnification Considerations for Tech Vendors"
1781:"Three Strategies for Limiting Your Indemnity Obligation"
612:
1709:
1174:
1053:
United States District Court for the District of Wyoming
702:
both in Québec and in the country's common law provinces
1196:
were considered to have suffered a loss whenever their
2148:"Public Storage Lease/Rental Agreement for New Jersey"
2038:
1390:
Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany
1912:
1896:"Indemnity Procedures and Liability in IT Contracts"
1585:"Warranties and indemnities: what's the difference?"
705:
7 Specific to civil law jurisdictions, the American
1975:. Community Association Management, reprinted from
1613:
1325:at the time, this was equal to 335 million US
1430:
519:Contract A and Contract B in Canadian contract law
2402:
1997:
1466:. Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman. Archived from
1305:Following the massacres of foreigners during the
3532:
1534:Cheshire, Fifoot, and Furmston's Law of contract
2380:Abraham Lincoln's Second Annual Message of 1862
1255:in order to atone for the loss suffered by the
853:an "indemnity" monetary award may form part of
674:2 Specific to civil and mixed law jurisdictions
2345:"The Extended Period of Indemnity Endorsement"
1778:
1482:
971:
955:
2542:
2465:
2383:(Speech). Presidential speech. Archived from
2288:"Verizon Terms & Conditions for websites"
1894:Steinberg, Jim; Lance McCord (January 2015).
731:
2367:
1861:
2473:"Treaty of Shimonoseki | 1895, China–Japan"
2010:
1906:
1728:Bylsma v. R.C.WilleyHumanTouch, 2017 UT 85
1428:
1245:with indemnification to territorial lords.
711:contractual and pre-contractual negotiation
2549:
2535:
2226:
1536:(14th ed.). Butterworths/LexisNexis.
997:
837:, though this section was repealed by the
738:
724:
2497:
2495:
2351:. Adjusters International. Archived from
2085:
1887:
1710:Fort, Charles; Raul Chacon (April 2015).
1705:
1703:
1429:Peel, Edwin; Treitel, Guenter H. (2010).
1189:Freeing of slaves and indentured servants
2444:
2391:
2112:
2066:2015 IEEE Security and Privacy Workshops
2063:
2057:
2034:
2032:
1991:
1943:
1915:"Critical Construction Contract Clauses"
1760:Sauro v. L.A. Fitness International, LLC
1712:"What's Really In Your Marina Contract?"
1694:Bernstein, Jedidiah M. Esq. (May 2017).
1637:"Negotiated Terms of Service Agreements"
1629:
1528:
770:the loss incurred by another party (the
2409:National Archives (USA): 14th Amendment
2373:
2336:
2248:
2198:
2172:
1690:
1688:
1582:
1522:
1110:
944:the obligations performed must also be
3533:
2492:
2419:
2413:
2308:
2280:
2180:"edX adopted amended Terms of Service"
2140:
1953:. Adams-Stirling Professional Law Corp
1700:
1220:Section IV of the Fourteenth Amendment
1183:
910:The distinction between indemnity and
895:, but not the medical expenses as the
507:Duty of honest contractual performance
2530:
2029:
1867:
1772:
1660:
1658:
1490:"Consumer Rights Act: Schedule 4"
1175:Indemnity agreement for board members
1171:restore revenues to pre-loss levels.
802:
778:" is an obligation of one party (the
695:of International Commercial Contracts
2342:
1685:
1641:U.S. General Services Administration
1607:
1461:
1077:
807:
1965:
1853:Atlantic Nat. Ins. Co. v. Armstrong
1802:
1741:Martinez-Santiago v. Public Storage
1422:
1014:
789:Indemnities form the basis of many
758:is a contractual obligation of one
684:and other civil codes based on the
13:
2588:Accidental death and dismemberment
1838:Turner v. Alpha Phi Sorority House
1655:
1583:Wallace, Byrne (5 February 2010).
1365:Reparations (transitional justice)
1355:Protection and indemnity insurance
1107:to the ... indemnification."
14:
3562:
2445:Hallward, Peter (May–June 2004).
844:
2714:Directors and officers liability
2053:from the original on 2022-10-09.
1998:Thompson, Richard (March 2007).
1812:Madsen v. Wyoming River Trips 31
1785:Commercial Tenants Lease Insider
1350:Professional indemnity insurance
976:An indemnity is distinct from a
960:An indemnity is distinct from a
509:(or doctrine of abuse of rights)
324:Enforcement of foreign judgments
288:Hague Choice of Court Convention
36:
2438:
2160:from the original on 2022-10-09
1951:"Hold Harmless & Indemnify"
1846:
1831:
1753:
1734:
1722:
1677:Hercules, Inc. v. United States
1670:
1273:
918:: how can money be paid if the
1576:
1563:
1550:
1513:
1455:
1284:Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895
827:Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977
814:Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977
317:Singapore Mediation Convention
21:Indemnity (Unification Church)
1:
2556:
1868:Bloch, Sam (3 January 2019).
1779:Cohen, Alan M. (April 2014).
1416:
1313:were to pay 450 million
883:made the buyers renovate the
691:5 Explicitly rejected by the
458:Quasi-contractual obligations
3481:Savings and loan association
1345:Double indemnity (insurance)
1200:were granted their freedom.
1155:
907:would clearly be available.
7:
3551:Companies' terms of service
2914:Insurance-linked securities
2507:The Search for Modern China
2120:"Uber Terms and Conditions"
2000:"Indemnify the HOA Manager"
1855:65 Cal. 2d 100 (Cal. 1966)
1840:276 N.W.2d 63 (Minn. 1979)
1337:
1268:Antonio Salinas y Castañeda
1068:Supreme Court of California
1002:Many private contracts and
972:Distinction from warranties
956:Distinction from guarantees
10:
3567:
2603:Total permanent disability
2424:(1st ed.). Lulu.com.
1159:
875:, in which a contaminated
811:
329:Hague Judgments Convention
18:
3506:
3358:
3343:Health insurance coverage
3283:
3067:
2896:
2838:
2767:
2686:
2638:
2608:Business overhead expense
2573:
2564:
2343:Rake, William G. (2002).
2234:"Google Terms of Service"
1743:(1:14-cv-00302-JBS-AMD),
1502:, 2015 c. 15 (sch. 4)
1437:(12th ed.). London:
1162:Prize indemnity insurance
872:Whittington v Seale-Hayne
680:4 Specific to the German
2744:Protection and indemnity
2420:Sfectu, Nicolae (2014).
1930:American Bar Association
1231:Baron Heinrich vom Stein
1096:American Bar Association
841:schedule 4 paragraph 6.
839:Consumer Rights Act 2015
385:Anticipatory repudiation
135:unequal bargaining power
3201:Explanation of benefits
2673:Variable universal life
2478:Encyclopedia Britannica
1410:Reparations for slavery
1399:World War I reparations
1298:the sum of 200,000,000
1061:Minnesota Supreme Court
998:United States contracts
818:Under section 4 of the
707:Uniform Commercial Code
682:Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch
367:Third-party beneficiary
339:Rights of third parties
217:Accord and satisfaction
3338:Health insurance costs
2739:Professional liability
2447:"Option Zero in Haiti"
1977:The Charlotte Observer
1814:F.Supp.2d 1321 (1999)"
1679:, 516 U.S. 417 (1996)
1571:Mountstephan v Lakeman
1045:Colorado Supreme Court
869:. The leading case is
859:restitutio in integrum
438:Liquidated, stipulated
283:Forum selection clause
168:Frustration of purpose
3194:Out-of-pocket expense
3055:Workers' compensation
2709:Collateral protection
2699:Business interruption
2211:National Public Radio
1500:The National Archives
1394:Holocaust reparations
1360:Political correctness
1288:Treaty of Shimonoseki
1072:The Hertz Corporation
922:is not at fault? The
700:Canadian contract law
68:Abstraction principle
3417:Corpus Juris Civilis
2387:on February 1, 2012.
2377:(December 1, 1862).
1939:on 11 December 2017.
1922:Probate and Property
1530:Furmston, Michael P.
1321:involved. Under the
1243:abolition of serfdom
1210:In the 1860s in the
1111:Without negotiations
950:breach of obligation
857:during an action of
529:Related areas of law
428:Specific performance
278:Choice of law clause
243:Contract of adhesion
157:Culpa in contrahendo
63:Meeting of the minds
58:Offer and acceptance
3476:Rochdale Principles
3471:Mutual savings bank
3466:Mutual organization
3451:Cooperative banking
3368:Mesopotamian banker
2648:Longevity insurance
2512:WW Norton & Co.
2502:Spence, Jonathan D.
2078:10.1109/SPW.2015.19
1595:on 26 February 2015
1589:The In-House Lawyer
1573:(1871) LR 7 QB 196.
1470:on 26 February 2015
1462:Sweigart, Raymond.
1439:Sweet & Maxwell
1433:The law of contract
1203:When the slaves of
1184:Historical examples
1115:When a contract is
693:UNIDROIT Principles
467:Promissory estoppel
347:Privity of contract
300:New York Convention
260:UNIDROIT Principles
103:Collateral contract
98:Implication-in-fact
83:Invitation to treat
3228:Insurable interest
2729:Payment protection
2630:Payment protection
2422:Insurance Glossary
2296:. 10 December 2015
2206:"NPR Terms of Use"
2072:. pp. 60–64.
1979:. 4 September 2012
1495:legislation.gov.uk
1380:Reparation (legal)
1239:principal of which
1025:Utah Supreme Court
952:by the defendant.
916:law of obligations
831:breach of contract
803:English common law
513:Duty of good faith
410:Fundamental breach
376:Breach of contract
305:UNCITRAL Model Law
269:Dispute resolution
254:Contra proferentem
248:Integration clause
222:Exculpatory clause
3528:
3527:
3373:Code of Hammurabi
3348:Vehicle insurance
3243:Replacement value
3135:Actual cash value
3099:Adverse selection
3089:Actuarial science
3063:
3062:
2995:Kidnap and ransom
2968:Extended warranty
2615:Income protection
2186:. 22 October 2014
2023:Corporate Counsel
1762:(1:12-cv-03682),
1643:. 13 January 2014
1235:series of reforms
1225:In 1807–1808, in
1214:, U.S. President
1121:adhesion contract
1078:With negotiations
1037:US District Court
966:Birkmyr v Darnell
851:England and Wales
820:Statute of Frauds
808:Indemnity clauses
748:
747:
591:England and Wales
499:Duties of parties
490:Negotiorum gestio
479:Unjust enrichment
200:Statute of frauds
149:Unconscionability
121:Misrepresentation
78:Mirror image rule
3558:
3486:Social insurance
3441:Friendly society
3333:Health insurance
3161:Short rate table
2909:Catastrophe bond
2810:Lenders mortgage
2571:
2570:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2499:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2417:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2375:Lincoln, Abraham
2371:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2355:on 22 March 2021
2340:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2264:. Archived from
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2159:
2152:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2128:. 2 January 2016
2116:
2110:
2109:
2089:
2068:. San Jose, CA:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2045:
2036:
2027:
2026:
2014:
2008:
2007:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1932:. Archived from
1919:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1874:New Food Economy
1865:
1859:
1850:
1844:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1787:. Archived from
1776:
1770:
1757:
1751:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1707:
1698:
1692:
1683:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1591:. Archived from
1580:
1574:
1567:
1561:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1436:
1426:
1333:67 million.
1015:State variations
1004:terms of service
938:is to be voided
740:
733:
726:
568:China (mainland)
537:Conflict of laws
400:Efficient breach
395:Exclusion clause
195:Illusory promise
178:Impracticability
40:
26:
25:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3524:
3502:
3498:Insurance cycle
3461:Fraternal order
3354:
3285:
3279:
3238:Proximate cause
3233:Insurance fraud
3213:General average
3172:Claims adjuster
3114:Risk management
3109:Risk assessment
3073:
3070:
3059:
3025:Prize indemnity
2892:
2840:
2834:
2763:
2724:Over-redemption
2682:
2634:
2625:National health
2566:
2560:
2555:
2525:
2500:
2493:
2483:
2481:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2456:
2454:
2451:New Left Review
2443:
2439:
2432:
2418:
2414:
2407:
2403:
2396:
2392:
2372:
2368:
2358:
2356:
2349:Adjusting Today
2341:
2337:
2327:
2325:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2299:
2297:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2271:
2269:
2261:Bank of America
2254:
2253:
2249:
2239:
2237:
2236:. 14 April 2014
2232:
2231:
2227:
2217:
2215:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2189:
2187:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2129:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2098:
2062:
2058:
2050:
2043:
2037:
2030:
2015:
2011:
1996:
1992:
1982:
1980:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1936:
1917:
1911:
1907:
1892:
1888:
1878:
1876:
1866:
1862:
1851:
1847:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1794:
1792:
1777:
1773:
1758:
1754:
1739:
1735:
1727:
1723:
1716:BoatUS Magazine
1708:
1701:
1693:
1686:
1675:
1671:
1663:
1656:
1646:
1644:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1581:
1577:
1568:
1564:
1555:
1551:
1544:
1527:
1523:
1519:(1900) 82 LT 49
1518:
1514:
1505:
1503:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1471:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1405:War reparations
1340:
1309:, the defeated
1307:Boxer Rebellion
1276:
1216:Abraham Lincoln
1191:
1186:
1177:
1164:
1158:
1113:
1080:
1017:
1000:
974:
958:
847:
816:
810:
805:
744:
715:
587:United Kingdom
550:By jurisdiction
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3564:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3519:List of topics
3515:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3434:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3404:Burial society
3394:
3393:
3392:
3386:§235–238; §240
3378:§100–105; §126
3370:
3364:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3328:Climate change
3320:
3318:United Kingdom
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3289:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3265:
3263:Underinsurance
3260:
3255:
3253:Self-insurance
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3203:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3086:
3080:
3078:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3020:Political risk
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
3000:Legal expenses
2997:
2992:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2844:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2780:Builder's risk
2777:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2704:Business owner
2701:
2696:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2668:Universal life
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2620:Long-term care
2617:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2554:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2531:
2524:
2523:
2491:
2464:
2437:
2430:
2412:
2401:
2390:
2366:
2335:
2307:
2279:
2268:on 28 May 2012
2247:
2225:
2214:. 29 June 2015
2197:
2171:
2139:
2111:
2096:
2056:
2028:
2009:
1990:
1964:
1942:
1905:
1886:
1860:
1845:
1830:
1801:
1771:
1752:
1733:
1721:
1699:
1684:
1669:
1654:
1628:
1606:
1575:
1562:
1549:
1542:
1521:
1512:
1481:
1454:
1447:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1396:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1323:exchange rates
1303:
1290:required that
1282:Following the
1275:
1272:
1259:slave owners.
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1176:
1173:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1079:
1076:
1032:Public Storage
1016:
1013:
999:
996:
993:
992:
989:
986:
973:
970:
957:
954:
879:was sold. The
846:
845:Contract award
843:
809:
806:
804:
801:
746:
745:
743:
742:
735:
728:
720:
717:
716:
714:
713:
703:
698:6 Specific to
696:
689:
678:
675:
672:
667:1 Specific to
664:
661:
660:
656:
655:
654:
653:
648:
643:
630:
625:
617:
616:
608:
607:
606:
605:
600:
599:
598:
593:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
552:
551:
547:
546:
545:
544:
542:Commercial law
539:
531:
530:
526:
525:
524:
523:
522:
521:
510:
501:
500:
496:
495:
494:
493:
486:
481:
476:
473:Quantum meruit
469:
461:
460:
454:
453:
452:
451:
446:
445:
444:
430:
422:
421:
415:
414:
413:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
379:
378:
372:
371:
370:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
341:
340:
336:
335:
334:
333:
332:
331:
321:
320:
319:
309:
308:
307:
302:
292:
291:
290:
280:
272:
271:
265:
264:
263:
262:
257:
250:
245:
240:
238:Parol evidence
232:
231:
230:Interpretation
227:
226:
225:
224:
219:
214:
209:
206:Non est factum
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
181:
180:
175:
170:
160:
153:
152:
151:
137:
128:
123:
115:
114:
108:
107:
106:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
47:
46:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3563:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3505:
3499:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3323:United States
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3282:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3207:Force majeure
3204:
3202:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3129:
3128:Value of life
3126:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3072:
3066:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2990:Interest rate
2988:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2858:Inland marine
2856:
2854:
2853:GAP insurance
2851:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:Communication
2837:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
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3268:Underwriting
3223:Insurability
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3150:Cancellation
2941:Catastrophic
2926:Climate risk
2754:Trade credit
2505:
2482:. Retrieved
2476:
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2455:. Retrieved
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2393:
2385:the original
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2324:. 9 May 2014
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1327:gold dollars
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1274:Costs of war
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3546:Reparations
3491:Trade union
3446:Cooperative
3119:Uncertainty
2978:Index-based
2946:Multi-peril
2904:Reinsurance
2863:Public auto
2768:Residential
2457:19 February
2328:19 February
2300:19 February
2272:19 February
2240:19 February
2218:19 February
2190:19 February
2164:19 February
2132:19 February
1599:26 February
1474:26 February
1385:Reparations
1375:Restitution
1311:Qing Empire
1070:ruled that
946:compensated
885:real estate
484:Restitution
295:Arbitration
3535:Categories
3286:by country
3284:Insurance
3258:Total loss
3179:Deductible
3140:Cash value
3084:Act of God
3069:Insurance
2983:Parametric
2963:Expatriate
2839:Transport/
2805:Landlords'
2790:Earthquake
2678:Whole life
2598:Disability
2359:3 December
2087:2262/77428
1879:8 February
1795:2016-04-22
1647:3 December
1569:See also:
1506:3 December
1417:References
1160:See also:
928:rescission
855:rescission
835:negligence
812:See also:
772:indemnitee
768:compensate
764:indemnitor
686:pandectist
669:common law
449:Rescission
357:Delegation
352:Assignment
140:Illegality
88:Firm offer
3432:Syndicate
3398:Collegium
3293:Australia
3248:Risk pool
3218:Indemnity
3189:Copayment
3123:Knightian
3035:Terrorism
3005:Liability
2873:Satellite
2734:Pollution
2658:Term life
2567:insurance
2565:Types of
2558:Insurance
2484:8 October
1556:(1704) 1
1156:Insurance
980:in that:
962:guarantee
941:ab initio
920:defendant
791:insurance
780:guarantor
776:guarantee
756:indemnity
688:tradition
558:Australia
405:Deviation
312:Mediation
45:Formation
3512:Category
3390:§275–277
3308:Pakistan
3156:Pro rata
3045:War risk
3010:No-fault
2921:Casualty
2878:Shipping
2848:Aviation
2825:Renters'
2820:Property
2815:Mortgage
2785:Contents
2759:Umbrella
2719:Fidelity
2687:Business
2583:Accident
2504:(1991),
2155:Archived
2106:14504403
2048:Archived
1983:22 April
1957:22 April
1532:(2001).
1338:See also
1241:was the
1205:Zanzibar
1099:claim."
978:warranty
936:contract
932:contract
924:contract
897:contract
893:contract
889:contract
881:contract
867:contract
863:property
784:defaults
651:Evidence
623:Tort law
596:Scotland
419:Remedies
362:Novation
185:Hardship
112:Defences
53:Capacity
3437:Benefit
3424:Digesta
3360:History
3094:Actuary
3050:Weather
3040:Tuition
3030:Takaful
2958:Deposit
2888:Vehicle
2293:Verizon
2184:Edx.org
1857:opinion
1842:opinion
1764:opinion
1745:opinion
1730:opinion
1681:opinion
1666:opinion
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1558:Salkeld
1227:Prussia
985:value).
926:before
912:damages
905:damages
641:estates
573:Ireland
190:Set-off
131:Threats
126:Mistake
3313:Serbia
3273:Profit
3145:Broker
3071:policy
2883:Travel
2868:Marine
2775:Boiler
2749:Surety
2593:Dental
2575:Health
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1768:docket
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1257:French
1237:, the
1198:slaves
861:. The
796:agency
639:, and
637:trusts
611:Other
563:Canada
3409:Guild
3303:India
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3167:Claim
2973:Group
2953:Cyber
2931:Crime
2897:Other
2830:Title
2795:Flood
2158:(PDF)
2151:(PDF)
2102:S2CID
2051:(PDF)
2044:(PDF)
1937:(PDF)
1928:(5).
1918:(PDF)
1315:taels
1300:taels
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1292:China
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901:fault
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762:(the
760:party
754:, an
659:Notes
633:Wills
615:areas
578:India
440:, or
390:Cover
3382:§234
3104:Risk
3074:and
2936:Crop
2800:Home
2694:Bond
2640:Life
2515:ISBN
2486:2018
2459:2018
2426:ISBN
2361:2019
2330:2018
2302:2018
2274:2018
2242:2018
2220:2018
2192:2018
2166:2018
2134:2018
2125:Uber
2092:ISBN
2070:IEEE
1985:2016
1959:2016
1881:2019
1825:2017
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1620:SSRN
1601:2015
1538:ISBN
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