1138:"The yacht owner shall indemnify, defend, and hold harmless the marina from any costs, expenses, damages, and against all claims, demands, loss, lawsuits, including judgments and attorney fees for damages to property, injury or life to third parties resulting or arising from the yacht owner's use of the yacht." The lawyer for a boat owners' group interpreted that as meaning: "By signing a marina contract with such provisions, you may find yourself responsible for costs not covered by your insurance policy ... What it means is that if your guest is injured at the marina, even if it's the marina's fault, you agree that you will defend the marina against the claim and pay any damages for which the marina is deemed responsible."
1156:"Upon request by Bank of America or its Affiliates, you agree to defend, indemnify and hold harmless Bank of America ... from all liabilities, claims and expenses, including attorneys fees, that arise from ... third party claims arising from your use of the Sites. Bank of America and its Affiliates reserve the right to assume the exclusive defense and control of any matter otherwise subject to indemnification by you. Notwithstanding the foregoing, you are not required to indemnify Bank of America or its Affiliates for its own violations of applicable laws."
1162:"You agree to indemnify, defend and hold harmless Angie's List ... against all losses ... arising from: (a) any violation of this Agreement by You; (b) the inaccurate or untruthful Content or other information provided by You to Angie's List or that You submit, transmit or otherwise make available through the Service; or (c) any intentional or willful violation of any rights of another or harm You may have caused to another. Angie's List will have sole control of the defense of any such damage or claim."
49:
1159:"You agree to indemnify, defend and hold harmless Verizon Parties from and against all losses ... related to claims made by any third-party due to or arising out of (a) Submitted Material ... (b) your use of the Sites or Resources ... Verizon reserves the right to assume the defense and control of any matter subject to indemnification by you, in which event you will cooperate with Verizon in asserting any available defenses."
1114:
directors since few would serve as directors if their risks were not indemnified. Negotiation is important for both parties. "Just about all homeowner association management contracts have a provision which states that the HOA shall indemnify the manager under certain circumstances ... There are several ways the indemnification clause can be drafted and both management and HOA must take into account what protects each the best."
1134:), the wording often lets the indemnitee decide what to spend on legal costs and bill the indemnitor. Most clauses are quite broad. The following are examples of indemnity requirements from a range of businesses. The last one, Angie's List, limits issues to the user's fault, but decisions and costs are still controlled by the indemnitee (Angie's List).
1102:. Knowing that its defense and settlement costs are being borne by the indemnitor, the indemnitee may be encouraged to engage a more expensive legal team or pursue a riskier defense strategy than it would otherwise. For this reason, most indemnitors are unwilling to indemnify against claims when they do not control the defense of the claim."
1178:
if the face amount of the policy is higher. This is in contrast to, for example, life insurance, where the amount of the beneficiary's economic loss is irrelevant. The death of the person whose life is insured for reasons not excluded from the policy obligate the insurer to pay the entire policy amount to the beneficiary.
833:(1677), a "guarantee" (an undertaking of secondary liability; to answer for another's default) must be evidenced in writing. No such formal requirement exists in respect of indemnities (involving the assumption of primary liability; to pay irrespective of another's default) which are enforceable even if made orally.
1150:"You agree that you will indemnify and hold harmless NPR ... from any and all claims ... arising from ... (2) your use of the NPR Services, (3) the User Materials you have Submitted on or through the NPR Services, or (4) NPR's publication, distribution or use of such User Materials ..."
975:, which is the promise of a third party to honor the obligation of a party to a contract should that party be unable or unwilling to do so (usually a guarantee is limited to an obligation to pay a debt). This distinction between indemnity and guarantee was discussed as early as the eighteenth century in
1281:(1810–1874), a wealthy Peruvian landowner and conservative politician, led the meeting of the main landowners of the country for an indemnity after slavery abolition and ruled the commission who promoted the immigration of Asians to replace former slaves as a workforce during Ramón Castilla government.
1117:
If indemnitors can negotiate a limit on liability in their contract, that limits the cost of a potential indemnity if they "make clear in the agreement that any limitations of liability (whether in the form of caps or exclusions of certain types of damages – e.g., consequential) apply
1050:
decided that the specific indemnity clause was unenforceable in New Jersey because it covered Public
Storage's own negligence without explicitly saying so, contrary to New Jersey law (other states differ). A 2013 decision in New Jersey upheld a broad indemnity clause since it was followed by another
1181:
Most business interruption insurance policies contain an
Extended Period of Indemnity Endorsement, which extends coverage beyond the time that it takes to physically restore the property. This provision covers additional expenses that allow the business to return to prosperity and help the business
1177:
Indemnity insurance compensates the beneficiaries of the policies for their actual economic losses, up to the limiting amount of the insurance policy. It generally requires the insured to prove the amount of its loss before it can recover. Recovery is limited to the amount of the provable loss even
1109:
has published advice on negotiations of construction contracts: that (1) owners try to get contractors to indemnify as much as possible and for (2) contractors (a) indemnify only for their own negligence and (b) "establish a right but not a duty for the contractor to defend under an indemnification
1093:
Indemnities can be expensive enough to bankrupt a company which pays them: "If manufacturers ... are to survive, they will need liability insurance, as well as favorable contracts with retailers. If you look at a big retailers, such as Trader Joe's or Costco or
Walmart or Randalls, very often
1113:
An example of letting the indemnitor control costs is in the case of a contractor for a homeowners' association (HOA) in which "Contractor shall indemnify, defend (by counsel reasonably acceptable to
Association) and hold harmless the Association." Companies and HOAs also use indemnity to protect
1097:
When a contract is "negotiable," the indemnitor negotiates to control those legal costs. It will not let the indemnified party (indemnitee) overspend: "An arrangement in which the indemnitee makes decisions about how to defend and settle the claim while the indemnitor writes the checks presents a
809:
context, a principal may be obligated to indemnify their agent for liabilities incurred while carrying out responsibilities under the relationship. While the events giving rise to an indemnity may be specified by contract, the actions that must be taken to compensate the injured party are largely
1190:
As part of the appointment of officers, the board will often approve indemnification agreements with the officer. Such agreements provide for indemnification of officers for personal liability for actions taken on behalf of the corporation. The board will also approve separate resolutions that
1030:
Under US law, interpretation of indemnification clauses varies by state. For example, in
California indemnification clauses do not cover certain risks unless the risks are listed in the contract, but in New York, the brief clause, "X shall defend and indemnify Y for all claims arising from the
1021:
The US government publishes special Terms of
Service, which it has negotiated with many companies, to exclude indemnification for official US government work. US law "is violated by any indemnification agreement that, without statutory authorization, imposes on the United States an open-ended,
1144:"Occupant shall indemnify and hold Owner and Owner's Agents harmless from any loss incurred by Owner and Owner's Agents in any way arising out of Occupant's use of the Premises or the Property including, but not limited to, claims of injury or loss by Occupant's visitors or invitees."
1925:
1051:
sentence: "indemnity agreement is intended to be as broad and inclusive as is permitted by the law of the State of New Jersey." The judge said, "It is true that a consumer, unfamiliar with the laws of New Jersey, would not be able to state with certainty how far the waiver extends."
1022:
potentially unrestricted liability." The
Attorney General says federal agencies "should renegotiate the terms of service to revise or eliminate the indemnification clause or cancel the 's enrollments in social media applications when their operators insist on such a clause."
995:
An indemnity guarantees compensation equal to the amount of loss subject to the indemnity, while a warranty only guarantees compensation for the reduction in value of the acquired asset due to the warranted fact being untrue (and the beneficiary must prove such diminution in
1066:
did not require a customer to indemnify a whitewater rafting company for injury to his wife since the wording may have applied only to him and his children, and clauses cannot be enforced in
Wyoming to indemnify a company for its own negligence.
1058:
required a flower shop to indemnify its shopping center for a customer who slipped on the icy parking lot, though of no fault of the flower shop, because the tenant was there to visit that shop, and the shop's lease had a broad indemnity clause.
1944:
1153:"If you are using our Services on behalf of a business, that business accepts these terms. It will hold harmless and indemnify Google ... from any claim, action or proceedings arising from or related to the use of the Services ..."
804:
contracts; for example, a car owner may purchase different kinds of insurance as an indemnity for various kinds of loss arising from operation of the car, such as damage to the car itself, or medical expenses following an accident. In an
979:. In that case, concerned with a guarantee of payment for goods rather than payment of rent, the presiding judge explained that a guarantee effectively says "Let him have the goods; if he does not pay you, I will."
1017:
in the United States require one party (indemnitor, typically a customer) to pay (indemnify) the other side's costs for legal claims arising from the relationship. They are particularly common in online services.
785:) due to the relevant acts of the indemnitor or any other party. The duty to indemnify is usually, but not always, coextensive with the contractual duty to "hold harmless" or "save harmless". In contrast, a "
1094:
there will be an indemnity provision providing that, if you want to sell a product in our stores, and if it gets someone sick or if it has to be recalled, and it's your fault, you must pay us back for that."
1045:
sued in court to make the woman who rented the unit pay for the injury. She tried to ignore the case and so state court ruled that she had to pay. She then retained a lawyer and went to court. In 2014, the
1675:
The Anti-Deficiency Act
Implications of Consent by Government Employees to Online Terms of Service Agreements Containing Open-Ended Indemnification Clauses (Opinion of the US Attorney General. 2012)
1474:
310:
1230:
2355:
1031:
Product" makes X responsible for all claims against Y. Indemnity can be extremely costly since X's liability insurance typically does not cover claims against Y, but X still has to cover them.
1983:
1038:
stated, "By statute, a contractual provision requiring a purchaser of a product to indemnify a manufacturer is 'void and unenforceable' in certain circumstances. Utah Code § 78B-6-707."
1791:
1595:
2058:
1041:
In 2012–2014, a New Jersey woman had to pay a lawyer to get out of an indemnity payment for injury at a storage unit. When someone slipped on ice in 2012 while going to a unit,
1906:
1047:
315:
1063:
1400:
1676:
1218:
were freed in 1897, it was by compensation since the prevailing opinion was that the slave owners suffered the loss of an asset whenever a slave was freed.
1147:"You agree to defend, hold harmless and indemnify edX ... against any third-party claims ... in any way related to your use of the Site ..."
1478:
583:
688:
3 Historically restricted in common law jurisdictions but generally accepted elsewhere; availability varies between contemporary common law jurisdictions
1540:
529:
2363:
3338:
578:
1141:"You agree to indemnify and hold Uber ... harmless from any and all claims ... in connection with: (i) your use of the Services ..."
703:
270:
1074:
ruled that a subcontractor must indemnify the builder for damages that it caused, according to an indemnification clause in their purchase order.
3353:
2618:
1289:
The nation that wins a war may insist on being paid compensations for the costs of the war, even after having been the instigator of the war.
1191:
approve indemnification for decisions made by directors. Indemnity agreements are included in the post-incorporation processes of companies.
2266:
1799:
2598:
2165:
3348:
1229:
had requested many millions of dollars from
Congress with which to compensate slave owners for the loss of their slaves. On 9 July 1868,
1603:
2724:
2419:
2051:
2075:
Phillips, Andelka M. (2015). "Genomic Privacy and Direct-to-Consumer Genetics: Big Consumer Genetic Data – What's in that Contract?".
2029:
517:
2389:
3561:
3358:
1510:
748:
3343:
721:
836:
Under current English law, indemnities must be clearly and precisely worded in the contract in order to be enforceable. The
2613:
1651:
876:
and funds are exchanged, but indemnity may be granted for costs necessarily incurred to the innocent party pursuant to the
2559:
2754:
1961:
1395:
1375:
1365:
959:. Therefore, the costs of indemnity arise from the (transient and performed) obligations of the claimant rather than a
2683:
2529:
2440:
2106:
2010:
1778:
1552:
1457:
1627:
Privacy in the Clouds: An Empirical Study of the Terms of Service and Privacy Policies of 20 Cloud Service Providers
2749:
1759:
1360:
334:
298:
1852:
1002:
Warranties do not cover problems known to the beneficiary at the time the warranty is given, while indemnities do.
3328:
2719:
2709:
1867:
3333:
1647:
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837:
824:
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31:
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2517:
1263:
1249:
1078:
78:
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2820:
2714:
2052:"Contracts for Clouds: Comparison and Analysis of the Terms and Conditions of Cloud Computing Services"
1774:
1755:
741:
613:
339:
2395:
902:
was rescinded, the buyer could be indemnified for the cost of renovation as this was necessary to the
692:
3035:
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2635:
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882:
865:
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17:
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3010:
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2630:
1940:
1241:
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849:
395:
108:
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3000:
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2552:
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2158:
1420:
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and, the contamination incurred medical expenses for their manager, who had fallen ill. Once the
717:
568:
377:
227:
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1987:
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869:
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dismissed all of the claims that slave owners had been injured by the freeing of the slaves.
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288:
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526:(also implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing or duty to negotiate in good faith)
8:
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3323:
3283:
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2883:
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2483:
357:
248:
113:
93:
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2057:. Rochester, NY: Queen Mary University of London – Cloud Legal Project.
793:) to another party to perform the promise of a relevant other party if that other party
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2112:
1505:
1500:
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1390:
1035:
960:
926:
841:
720:, and Canadian jurisprudence in both Québec and the common law provinces pertaining to
643:
606:
448:
420:
386:
279:
264:
258:
232:
1475:"English Indemnity Law – Parsing the Promise: Words Are Important, But So Are Actions"
999:
Warranties require the beneficiary to mitigate their losses, while indemnities do not.
3383:
3253:
3145:
3109:
3099:
3060:
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840:
stated that a consumer cannot be made to unreasonably indemnify another for their
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415:
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1341:
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552:
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468:
216:
63:
3545:
3217:
3138:
3086:
3025:
2863:
2729:
1333:
1222:
1085:
could not enforce its clause requiring renters to indemnify Hertz's insurer.
911:
452:
200:
173:
103:
30:
This article is about financial compensations. For the religious belief, see
195:
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3278:
3273:
3233:
3194:
1380:
1204:
1099:
806:
762:
656:
651:
638:
429:
83:
27:
Contractual obligation to compensate for losses incurred by the other party
1707:
http://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/tips-for-a-startup-manufacturer-in-31651/
3501:
3456:
3129:
2914:
2244:
1629:, Queen Mary University of London – Cloud Legal Project,
1625:
Kamarinou, Dimitra; Millard, Christopher; Hon, W. Kuan (18 August 2015),
1385:
1337:
1321:
770:
494:
400:
305:
222:
2190:
2088:
810:
unpredictable, and the maximum compensation is often expressly limited.
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3392:
3268:
3189:
3150:
3094:
2130:
2050:
Bradshaw, Simon; Millard, Christopher; Walden, Ian (2 September 2010).
845:
696:
679:
98:
2097:
1881:"The biggest food recall of 2018 is one you still haven't heard about"
3442:
3258:
3199:
2568:
2409:
Fourteenth Amendment and related resources at the Library of Congress
1984:"Association Answers: Are HOA board members protected from lawsuits?"
972:
951:
941:
is voidable but not void, so, for a period of time, there is a legal
930:
801:
786:
647:
322:
48:
925:
is subtle and may be differentiated by considering the roots of the
3166:
2028:
Michael Bloom, Lindsey Chandler and Alexa Peterson (13 June 2016).
1215:
988:
946:
942:
934:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
877:
873:
477:
372:
40:
1412:, made from Germany due to the signing of the Treaty of Versailles
3104:
3040:
2303:
1237:
956:
922:
915:
443:
2759:
2267:"Terms and Conditions for Bank of America Corporation Websites"
1267:
945:. During that time, both parties have legal obligation. If the
3419:
2327:"Angie's List Membership Agreement – item 26"
1924:
Merwin, Bruce W.; Linley, Joanne; Steedman, Tracy L. (2014).
1328:
of fine silver as indemnity over a course of 39 years to the
1306:
1302:
1259:
1208:
2537:
1264:
required to pay an indemnity of 150,000,000 francs to France
1199:
910:
did not require them to hire a manager. Were the sellers at
3114:
2135:
2080:
1325:
1310:
1274:
887:
633:
1904:
2030:"Some IP Indemnification Considerations for Tech Vendors"
1792:"Three Strategies for Limiting Your Indemnity Obligation"
623:
1720:
1185:
1064:
United States District Court for the District of Wyoming
713:
both in Québec and in the country's common law provinces
1207:
were considered to have suffered a loss whenever their
2159:"Public Storage Lease/Rental Agreement for New Jersey"
2049:
1401:
Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany
1923:
1907:"Indemnity Procedures and Liability in IT Contracts"
1596:"Warranties and indemnities: what's the difference?"
716:
7 Specific to civil law jurisdictions, the American
1986:. Community Association Management, reprinted from
1624:
1336:at the time, this was equal to 335 million US
1441:
530:Contract A and Contract B in Canadian contract law
2413:
2008:
1477:. Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman. Archived from
1316:Following the massacres of foreigners during the
3543:
1545:Cheshire, Fifoot, and Furmston's Law of contract
2391:Abraham Lincoln's Second Annual Message of 1862
1266:in order to atone for the loss suffered by the
864:an "indemnity" monetary award may form part of
685:2 Specific to civil and mixed law jurisdictions
2356:"The Extended Period of Indemnity Endorsement"
1789:
1493:
982:
966:
2553:
2476:
2394:(Speech). Presidential speech. Archived from
2299:"Verizon Terms & Conditions for websites"
1905:Steinberg, Jim; Lance McCord (January 2015).
742:
2378:
1872:
2484:"Treaty of Shimonoseki | 1895, China–Japan"
2021:
1917:
1739:Bylsma v. R.C.WilleyHumanTouch, 2017 UT 85
1439:
1256:with indemnification to territorial lords.
722:contractual and pre-contractual negotiation
2560:
2546:
2237:
1547:(14th ed.). Butterworths/LexisNexis.
1008:
848:, though this section was repealed by the
749:
735:
2508:
2506:
2362:. Adjusters International. Archived from
2096:
1898:
1721:Fort, Charles; Raul Chacon (April 2015).
1716:
1714:
1440:Peel, Edwin; Treitel, Guenter H. (2010).
1200:Freeing of slaves and indentured servants
2455:
2402:
2123:
2077:2015 IEEE Security and Privacy Workshops
2074:
2068:
2045:
2043:
2002:
1954:
1926:"Critical Construction Contract Clauses"
1771:Sauro v. L.A. Fitness International, LLC
1723:"What's Really In Your Marina Contract?"
1705:Bernstein, Jedidiah M. Esq. (May 2017).
1648:"Negotiated Terms of Service Agreements"
1640:
1539:
781:the loss incurred by another party (the
2420:National Archives (USA): 14th Amendment
2384:
2347:
2259:
2209:
2183:
1701:
1699:
1593:
1533:
1121:
955:the obligations performed must also be
14:
3544:
2503:
2430:
2424:
2319:
2291:
2191:"edX adopted amended Terms of Service"
2151:
1964:. Adams-Stirling Professional Law Corp
1711:
1231:Section IV of the Fourteenth Amendment
1194:
921:The distinction between indemnity and
906:, but not the medical expenses as the
518:Duty of honest contractual performance
2541:
2040:
1878:
1783:
1671:
1669:
1501:"Consumer Rights Act: Schedule 4"
1186:Indemnity agreement for board members
1182:restore revenues to pre-loss levels.
813:
789:" is an obligation of one party (the
706:of International Commercial Contracts
2353:
1696:
1652:U.S. General Services Administration
1618:
1472:
1088:
818:
1976:
1864:Atlantic Nat. Ins. Co. v. Armstrong
1813:
1752:Martinez-Santiago v. Public Storage
1433:
1025:
800:Indemnities form the basis of many
769:is a contractual obligation of one
695:and other civil codes based on the
24:
2599:Accidental death and dismemberment
1849:Turner v. Alpha Phi Sorority House
1666:
1594:Wallace, Byrne (5 February 2010).
1376:Reparations (transitional justice)
1366:Protection and indemnity insurance
1118:to the ... indemnification."
25:
3573:
2456:Hallward, Peter (May–June 2004).
855:
2725:Directors and officers liability
2064:from the original on 2022-10-09.
2009:Thompson, Richard (March 2007).
1823:Madsen v. Wyoming River Trips 31
1796:Commercial Tenants Lease Insider
1361:Professional indemnity insurance
987:An indemnity is distinct from a
971:An indemnity is distinct from a
520:(or doctrine of abuse of rights)
335:Enforcement of foreign judgments
299:Hague Choice of Court Convention
47:
2449:
2171:from the original on 2022-10-09
1962:"Hold Harmless & Indemnify"
1857:
1842:
1764:
1745:
1733:
1688:Hercules, Inc. v. United States
1681:
1284:
929:: how can money be paid if the
1587:
1574:
1561:
1524:
1466:
1295:Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895
838:Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977
825:Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977
328:Singapore Mediation Convention
32:Indemnity (Unification Church)
13:
1:
2567:
1879:Bloch, Sam (3 January 2019).
1790:Cohen, Alan M. (April 2014).
1427:
1324:were to pay 450 million
894:made the buyers renovate the
702:5 Explicitly rejected by the
469:Quasi-contractual obligations
3492:Savings and loan association
1356:Double indemnity (insurance)
1211:were granted their freedom.
1166:
918:would clearly be available.
7:
3562:Companies' terms of service
2925:Insurance-linked securities
2518:The Search for Modern China
2131:"Uber Terms and Conditions"
2011:"Indemnify the HOA Manager"
1866:65 Cal. 2d 100 (Cal. 1966)
1851:276 N.W.2d 63 (Minn. 1979)
1348:
1279:Antonio Salinas y Castañeda
1079:Supreme Court of California
1013:Many private contracts and
983:Distinction from warranties
967:Distinction from guarantees
10:
3578:
2614:Total permanent disability
2435:(1st ed.). Lulu.com.
1170:
886:, in which a contaminated
822:
340:Hague Judgments Convention
29:
3517:
3369:
3354:Health insurance coverage
3294:
3078:
2907:
2849:
2778:
2697:
2649:
2619:Business overhead expense
2584:
2575:
2354:Rake, William G. (2002).
2245:"Google Terms of Service"
1754:(1:14-cv-00302-JBS-AMD),
1513:, 2015 c. 15 (sch. 4)
1448:(12th ed.). London:
1173:Prize indemnity insurance
883:Whittington v Seale-Hayne
691:4 Specific to the German
2755:Protection and indemnity
2431:Sfectu, Nicolae (2014).
1941:American Bar Association
1242:Baron Heinrich vom Stein
1107:American Bar Association
852:schedule 4 paragraph 6.
850:Consumer Rights Act 2015
396:Anticipatory repudiation
146:unequal bargaining power
3212:Explanation of benefits
2684:Variable universal life
2489:Encyclopedia Britannica
1421:Reparations for slavery
1410:World War I reparations
1309:the sum of 200,000,000
1072:Minnesota Supreme Court
1009:United States contracts
829:Under section 4 of the
718:Uniform Commercial Code
693:Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch
378:Third-party beneficiary
350:Rights of third parties
228:Accord and satisfaction
3349:Health insurance costs
2750:Professional liability
2458:"Option Zero in Haiti"
1988:The Charlotte Observer
1825:F.Supp.2d 1321 (1999)"
1690:, 516 U.S. 417 (1996)
1582:Mountstephan v Lakeman
1056:Colorado Supreme Court
880:. The leading case is
870:restitutio in integrum
449:Liquidated, stipulated
294:Forum selection clause
179:Frustration of purpose
3205:Out-of-pocket expense
3066:Workers' compensation
2720:Collateral protection
2710:Business interruption
2222:National Public Radio
1511:The National Archives
1405:Holocaust reparations
1371:Political correctness
1299:Treaty of Shimonoseki
1083:The Hertz Corporation
933:is not at fault? The
711:Canadian contract law
79:Abstraction principle
3428:Corpus Juris Civilis
2398:on February 1, 2012.
2388:(December 1, 1862).
1950:on 11 December 2017.
1933:Probate and Property
1541:Furmston, Michael P.
1332:involved. Under the
1254:abolition of serfdom
1221:In the 1860s in the
1122:Without negotiations
961:breach of obligation
868:during an action of
540:Related areas of law
439:Specific performance
289:Choice of law clause
254:Contract of adhesion
168:Culpa in contrahendo
74:Meeting of the minds
69:Offer and acceptance
3487:Rochdale Principles
3482:Mutual savings bank
3477:Mutual organization
3462:Cooperative banking
3379:Mesopotamian banker
2659:Longevity insurance
2523:WW Norton & Co.
2513:Spence, Jonathan D.
2089:10.1109/SPW.2015.19
1606:on 26 February 2015
1600:The In-House Lawyer
1584:(1871) LR 7 QB 196.
1481:on 26 February 2015
1473:Sweigart, Raymond.
1450:Sweet & Maxwell
1444:The law of contract
1214:When the slaves of
1195:Historical examples
1126:When a contract is
704:UNIDROIT Principles
478:Promissory estoppel
358:Privity of contract
311:New York Convention
271:UNIDROIT Principles
114:Collateral contract
109:Implication-in-fact
94:Invitation to treat
3239:Insurable interest
2740:Payment protection
2641:Payment protection
2433:Insurance Glossary
2307:. 10 December 2015
2217:"NPR Terms of Use"
2083:. pp. 60–64.
1990:. 4 September 2012
1506:legislation.gov.uk
1391:Reparation (legal)
1250:principal of which
1036:Utah Supreme Court
963:by the defendant.
927:law of obligations
842:breach of contract
814:English common law
524:Duty of good faith
421:Fundamental breach
387:Breach of contract
316:UNCITRAL Model Law
280:Dispute resolution
265:Contra proferentem
259:Integration clause
233:Exculpatory clause
3539:
3538:
3384:Code of Hammurabi
3359:Vehicle insurance
3254:Replacement value
3146:Actual cash value
3110:Adverse selection
3100:Actuarial science
3074:
3073:
3006:Kidnap and ransom
2979:Extended warranty
2626:Income protection
2197:. 22 October 2014
2034:Corporate Counsel
1773:(1:12-cv-03682),
1654:. 13 January 2014
1246:series of reforms
1236:In 1807–1808, in
1225:, U.S. President
1132:adhesion contract
1089:With negotiations
1048:US District Court
977:Birkmyr v Darnell
862:England and Wales
831:Statute of Frauds
819:Indemnity clauses
759:
758:
602:England and Wales
510:Duties of parties
501:Negotiorum gestio
490:Unjust enrichment
211:Statute of frauds
160:Unconscionability
132:Misrepresentation
89:Mirror image rule
16:(Redirected from
3569:
3497:Social insurance
3452:Friendly society
3344:Health insurance
3172:Short rate table
2920:Catastrophe bond
2821:Lenders mortgage
2582:
2581:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2510:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2428:
2422:
2417:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2386:Lincoln, Abraham
2382:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2366:on 22 March 2021
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2275:. Archived from
2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2170:
2163:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2139:. 2 January 2016
2127:
2121:
2120:
2100:
2079:. San Jose, CA:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2056:
2047:
2038:
2037:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1943:. Archived from
1930:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1885:New Food Economy
1876:
1870:
1861:
1855:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1798:. Archived from
1787:
1781:
1768:
1762:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1718:
1709:
1703:
1694:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1602:. Archived from
1591:
1585:
1578:
1572:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1447:
1437:
1344:67 million.
1026:State variations
1015:terms of service
949:is to be voided
751:
744:
737:
579:China (mainland)
548:Conflict of laws
411:Efficient breach
406:Exclusion clause
206:Illusory promise
189:Impracticability
51:
37:
36:
21:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3513:
3509:Insurance cycle
3472:Fraternal order
3365:
3296:
3290:
3249:Proximate cause
3244:Insurance fraud
3224:General average
3183:Claims adjuster
3125:Risk management
3120:Risk assessment
3084:
3081:
3070:
3036:Prize indemnity
2903:
2851:
2845:
2774:
2735:Over-redemption
2693:
2645:
2636:National health
2577:
2571:
2566:
2536:
2511:
2504:
2494:
2492:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2467:
2465:
2462:New Left Review
2454:
2450:
2443:
2429:
2425:
2418:
2414:
2407:
2403:
2383:
2379:
2369:
2367:
2360:Adjusting Today
2352:
2348:
2338:
2336:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2282:
2280:
2272:Bank of America
2265:
2264:
2260:
2250:
2248:
2247:. 14 April 2014
2243:
2242:
2238:
2228:
2226:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2200:
2198:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2142:
2140:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2109:
2073:
2069:
2061:
2054:
2048:
2041:
2026:
2022:
2007:
2003:
1993:
1991:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1967:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1947:
1928:
1922:
1918:
1903:
1899:
1889:
1887:
1877:
1873:
1862:
1858:
1847:
1843:
1833:
1831:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1805:
1803:
1788:
1784:
1769:
1765:
1750:
1746:
1738:
1734:
1727:BoatUS Magazine
1719:
1712:
1704:
1697:
1686:
1682:
1674:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1623:
1619:
1609:
1607:
1592:
1588:
1579:
1575:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1538:
1534:
1530:(1900) 82 LT 49
1529:
1525:
1516:
1514:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1484:
1482:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1416:War reparations
1351:
1320:, the defeated
1318:Boxer Rebellion
1287:
1227:Abraham Lincoln
1202:
1197:
1188:
1175:
1169:
1124:
1091:
1028:
1011:
985:
969:
858:
827:
821:
816:
755:
726:
598:United Kingdom
561:By jurisdiction
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3575:
3565:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3530:List of topics
3526:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3445:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3415:Burial society
3405:
3404:
3403:
3397:§235–238; §240
3389:§100–105; §126
3381:
3375:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3339:Climate change
3331:
3329:United Kingdom
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3300:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3276:
3274:Underinsurance
3271:
3266:
3264:Self-insurance
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3214:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3097:
3091:
3089:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3031:Political risk
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3011:Legal expenses
3008:
3003:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2855:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2791:Builder's risk
2788:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2715:Business owner
2712:
2707:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2679:Universal life
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2655:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2631:Long-term care
2628:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2590:
2588:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2565:
2564:
2557:
2550:
2542:
2535:
2534:
2502:
2475:
2448:
2441:
2423:
2412:
2401:
2377:
2346:
2318:
2290:
2279:on 28 May 2012
2258:
2236:
2225:. 29 June 2015
2208:
2182:
2150:
2122:
2107:
2067:
2039:
2020:
2001:
1975:
1953:
1916:
1897:
1871:
1856:
1841:
1812:
1782:
1763:
1744:
1732:
1710:
1695:
1680:
1665:
1639:
1617:
1586:
1573:
1560:
1553:
1532:
1523:
1492:
1465:
1458:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1407:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1334:exchange rates
1314:
1301:required that
1293:Following the
1286:
1283:
1270:slave owners.
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1090:
1087:
1043:Public Storage
1027:
1024:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1000:
997:
984:
981:
968:
965:
890:was sold. The
857:
856:Contract award
854:
820:
817:
815:
812:
757:
756:
754:
753:
746:
739:
731:
728:
727:
725:
724:
714:
709:6 Specific to
707:
700:
689:
686:
683:
678:1 Specific to
675:
672:
671:
667:
666:
665:
664:
659:
654:
641:
636:
628:
627:
619:
618:
617:
616:
611:
610:
609:
604:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
563:
562:
558:
557:
556:
555:
553:Commercial law
550:
542:
541:
537:
536:
535:
534:
533:
532:
521:
512:
511:
507:
506:
505:
504:
497:
492:
487:
484:Quantum meruit
480:
472:
471:
465:
464:
463:
462:
457:
456:
455:
441:
433:
432:
426:
425:
424:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
390:
389:
383:
382:
381:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
352:
351:
347:
346:
345:
344:
343:
342:
332:
331:
330:
320:
319:
318:
313:
303:
302:
301:
291:
283:
282:
276:
275:
274:
273:
268:
261:
256:
251:
249:Parol evidence
243:
242:
241:Interpretation
238:
237:
236:
235:
230:
225:
220:
217:Non est factum
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
192:
191:
186:
181:
171:
164:
163:
162:
148:
139:
134:
126:
125:
119:
118:
117:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
58:
57:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3574:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3334:United States
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3293:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3218:Force majeure
3215:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3139:Value of life
3137:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
3001:Interest rate
2999:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2869:Inland marine
2867:
2865:
2864:GAP insurance
2862:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:Communication
2848:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
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3234:Insurability
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3161:Cancellation
2952:Catastrophic
2937:Climate risk
2765:Trade credit
2516:
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1285:Costs of war
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3557:Reparations
3502:Trade union
3457:Cooperative
3130:Uncertainty
2989:Index-based
2957:Multi-peril
2915:Reinsurance
2874:Public auto
2779:Residential
2468:19 February
2339:19 February
2311:19 February
2283:19 February
2251:19 February
2229:19 February
2201:19 February
2175:19 February
2143:19 February
1610:26 February
1485:26 February
1396:Reparations
1386:Restitution
1322:Qing Empire
1081:ruled that
957:compensated
896:real estate
495:Restitution
306:Arbitration
3546:Categories
3297:by country
3295:Insurance
3269:Total loss
3190:Deductible
3151:Cash value
3095:Act of God
3080:Insurance
2994:Parametric
2974:Expatriate
2850:Transport/
2816:Landlords'
2801:Earthquake
2689:Whole life
2609:Disability
2370:3 December
2098:2262/77428
1890:8 February
1806:2016-04-22
1658:3 December
1580:See also:
1517:3 December
1428:References
1171:See also:
939:rescission
866:rescission
846:negligence
823:See also:
783:indemnitee
779:compensate
775:indemnitor
697:pandectist
680:common law
460:Rescission
368:Delegation
363:Assignment
151:Illegality
99:Firm offer
3443:Syndicate
3409:Collegium
3304:Australia
3259:Risk pool
3229:Indemnity
3200:Copayment
3134:Knightian
3046:Terrorism
3016:Liability
2884:Satellite
2745:Pollution
2669:Term life
2578:insurance
2576:Types of
2569:Insurance
2495:8 October
1567:(1704) 1
1167:Insurance
991:in that:
973:guarantee
952:ab initio
931:defendant
802:insurance
791:guarantor
787:guarantee
767:indemnity
699:tradition
569:Australia
416:Deviation
323:Mediation
56:Formation
18:Indemnify
3523:Category
3401:§275–277
3319:Pakistan
3167:Pro rata
3056:War risk
3021:No-fault
2932:Casualty
2889:Shipping
2859:Aviation
2836:Renters'
2831:Property
2826:Mortgage
2796:Contents
2770:Umbrella
2730:Fidelity
2698:Business
2594:Accident
2515:(1991),
2166:Archived
2117:14504403
2059:Archived
1994:22 April
1968:22 April
1543:(2001).
1349:See also
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1216:Zanzibar
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989:warranty
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935:contract
908:contract
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900:contract
892:contract
878:contract
874:property
795:defaults
662:Evidence
634:Tort law
607:Scotland
430:Remedies
373:Novation
196:Hardship
123:Defences
64:Capacity
3448:Benefit
3435:Digesta
3371:History
3105:Actuary
3061:Weather
3051:Tuition
3041:Takaful
2969:Deposit
2899:Vehicle
2304:Verizon
2195:Edx.org
1868:opinion
1853:opinion
1775:opinion
1756:opinion
1741:opinion
1692:opinion
1677:opinion
1635:2646447
1569:Salkeld
1238:Prussia
996:value).
937:before
923:damages
916:damages
652:estates
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201:Set-off
142:Threats
137:Mistake
3324:Serbia
3284:Profit
3156:Broker
3082:policy
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2879:Marine
2786:Boiler
2760:Surety
2604:Dental
2586:Health
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1779:docket
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1268:French
1248:, the
1209:slaves
872:. The
807:agency
650:, and
648:trusts
622:Other
574:Canada
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3314:India
3309:China
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2984:Group
2964:Cyber
2942:Crime
2908:Other
2841:Title
2806:Flood
2169:(PDF)
2162:(PDF)
2113:S2CID
2062:(PDF)
2055:(PDF)
1948:(PDF)
1939:(5).
1929:(PDF)
1326:taels
1311:taels
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1303:China
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912:fault
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773:(the
771:party
765:, an
670:Notes
644:Wills
626:areas
589:India
451:, or
401:Cover
3393:§234
3115:Risk
3085:and
2947:Crop
2811:Home
2705:Bond
2651:Life
2526:ISBN
2497:2018
2470:2018
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2372:2019
2341:2018
2313:2018
2285:2018
2253:2018
2231:2018
2203:2018
2177:2018
2145:2018
2136:Uber
2103:ISBN
2081:IEEE
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1970:2016
1892:2019
1836:2017
1777:and
1758:and
1660:2019
1631:SSRN
1612:2015
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1262:was
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153:and
144:and
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1340:or
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