Imwas - Knowledge

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seem to be well founded. Most manuscripts and versions place Emmaus at only sixty stadia from Jerusalem, and they are more numerous and generally more ancient than those of the former group. It seems, therefore, very probable that the number 160 is a correction of Origen and his school to make the Gospel text agree with the Palestinian tradition of their time. Moreover, the distance of 160 stadia would imply about six hours' walk, which is inadmissible, for the Disciples had only gone out to the country and could return to Jerusalem before the gates were shut (Mark 16:12; Luke 24:33). Finally, the Emmaus of the Gospel is said to be a village, while 'Am'was was the flourishing capital of a 'toparchy'. Josephus (

911: 740: 1364:, 32 kilometres away. Ten elderly villagers refused to leave and were never heard of again, and were presumed to have been shot or to have been buried under the demolition rubble. This exodus from the Latrun zone, during which 4 villagers died, presented a public relations problem. According to one oral account by a refugee, one week after the expulsion, villagers heard over Israeli radio that they would be allowed to return to the enclave in peace. Those in the West Bank who tried to get back found the villages surrounded by tanks, and heard that a military order had rescinded the earlier decision, and could only stand by and watch as their houses were razed. The order, in violation of Article 53 of the 87: 77: 67: 963:. In February 1151 or 1152 the Hospitallers were still leasing, but the terms of the lease were modified. An 1186 reference to a "bailiff of Emmaus" named Bartholomew suggests that the Hospitallers had an established a commandery in Imwas. There is also archaeological and documentary evidence that suggests that the local Eastern Christian population continued to live in Imwas during this time, and likely attended services alongside the Crusaders at the parish church dedicated to St. George which was constructed in the village by the latter on the site of the ruins of the earlier churches. 118: 1578:, VII, vi, 6) mentions at sixty stadia from Jerusalem a village called Ammaus, where Vespasian and Titus stationed 800 veterans. This is evidently the Emmaus of the Gospel. But it must have been destroyed at the time of the revolt of Bar-Cocheba (A.D. 132-35) under Hadrian, and its site was unknown as early as the third century. Origen and his friends merely placed the Gospel Emmaus at Nicopolis, the only Emmaus known at their time. The identifications of Koubeibeh, Abou Gosh, Koulonieh, Beit Mizzeh, etc. with Emmaus, as proposed by some modern scholars, are inadmissible. 1030:, of whom they stand in holy awe. This legend, and the name of the personage, puzzled me greatly, and it was not without some trouble that I discovered the answer to the riddle. It is directly derived from the historical memory of the famous Plague of 'Amwas, in connection with the Plague-well. The Arab* historians tell us, as I have already explained, that the epidemic originated at 'Amwas, whence it took the name by which it is known in their chronicles. Among the most illustrious victims of the disease was one of the companions of 1268: 1079:, Vol. II, p. 123.) .....We may presume that originally this monument was merely commemorative, and that local tradition has at last wrongly ended in regarding it as the real tomb of this celebrated personage, inferring from his having succumbed to the 'Plague of 'Amwas' that he died and was buried at 'Amwas itself. However, the mistake of the legend on this point must be a very ancient one, for as early as the twelfth century, 1428:

or he could choose to go to prison, or, finally, he could suck on something sweet and keep quiet; In all cases no one was allowed to return. One descendant of the expelled villagers said her father told her they were threatened with prison if they did not agree to compensation An Imwas Human Society now campaigns for the expelled villagers' rights and publicizes what they call the war crimes committed in the Latrun Enclave.

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in 1890. In the opinion of many 'Am'was is the Emmaus of the Gospel (Luke 24:13-35), where Christ manifested Himself to two of His Disciples. Such is, indeed, the tradition of the Church of Jerusalem, attested as early as the fourth century by Eusebius of Cæsarea, Titus of Bostra, and St. Jerome, a tradition confirmed by all pilgrims, at least to the time of the Crusades; it may even date back to the third century to

3318: 730:. Studies on the impact of the plague note that it was responsible for a massive depopulation of the countryside, with the consequence that the new Arab rulers, particularly under the subsequent Umayyad Caliphate, were prompted to intervene more directly in the affairs of these areas than they had intended. Until as late as the 19th century, a well in the village was known locally as "The Plague Well" ( 1247: 48: 1255: 125: 1406:'terms of disappointment, terms of a long and painful account, which has now been settled to the last cent. Houses suddenly left. Intact. With their potted geraniums, their grapevines climbing up the balconies. The smell-of wood-burning ovens still in the air. Elderly people who have nothing more to lose, slowly straggling along.,' 1573:

and Origen. It is also supported by many Biblical commentaries, some of which are as old as the fourth or the fifth century; in these the Emmaus of the Gospel is said to have stood at 160 stadia from Jerusalem, the modern 'Am'was being at 176 stadia. In spite of its antiquity, this tradition does not

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According to his son, he was told by his Israeli interlocutors that he had three choices: to share the fate of Sheikh Abdul Hameed Al Sayeh, the first Palestinian to be exiled by Israel after the beginning of the 1967 occupation, after he spoke up for the inalienable right of return of Palestinians;

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Today 'Am'was (the native name) is a Mussulman village about eighteen miles from Jerusalem, on the road to Jaffa. There are still visible ruins of a beautiful basilica built in the fourth or the fifth century, and repaired by the Crusaders. Near 'Am'was, at El-Atroun, the Trappists founded a priory

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were themselves not responsible for Jordanian shelling from that area during the Six Day War. The decision to destroy the houses was explained to soldiers operating there as necessary in order to "punish the nest of murderers" and stop housing infrastructure from being used in future for terrorist

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and Peter E. Leach attribute the reasons for this shift as stemming from a difference in the description of the distance between Emmaus and Jerusalem in the Gospel texts, versus the distance as transcribed in the earliest Greek Gospel codices. In the Gospel texts, more widely embraced by the West,

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dating to the Roman era. The upper part of the structure, which protruded above the ground, was known to locals as "Sheikh Obaid" and was considered to be the burial place of Abu Ubayd who succumbed to the plague in 639. The site served as both a religious sanctuary and cemetery until the town's

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The most important, and most conspicuous Mussulman sanctuary in 'Amwas is that which stands on the hill some 500 metres to the south of the village. It appears on the P.E.Fund Map under the name of Sheikh Mo'alla, a name which is interpreted in the name lists by "lofty." I have heard the name

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have an extraordinary reverence for this sanctuary; they declare that it is often the scene of a supernatural apparition; that of an old man, with a long white beard, mounted on a green mare, and holding in his right hand a pike [karbeh) wherewith he slays his enemies. This is the

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The identification of Biblical Emmaus with two villages in the 12th century has led to some confusion among modern historians when apprehending historical documents from this time. Generally speaking, however, Abu Ghosh was referred to by the Latin Biblical name for Emmaus,

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In August of that year, villagers were told that they return could pick up their stored harvests with trucks. The residents of the three villages then formed a committee to negotiate their return. The villagers' request that Israel allow their leaders, who had fled to

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to return to their homes if it was agreed in turn to block the return of the inhabitants of the Latrun villages. Israel newspapers of the day depicted the flight as voluntary. Israel further justified the decision by claiming that its residents had taken part in the

1243:, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 606 dunams were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 3,612 for cereals, while 148 dunams were classified as built-up areas. By 1948, the population had dwindled to 1,100 Arabs. 1042:

with the organisation of the conquered country. This personage died beyond Jordan, and was buried there. (As for the exact place in which he was buried, a topographical question connected with that of the place where Jesus was baptized, see my

1439:"one of the largest parks in Israel, covering an area of 7,500 acres in the biblical Ayalon Valley. At peak season, some 30,000 individuals visit the site each day,. enjoying its many play and recreational facilities and installations." 873:

writes of Imwas: "Once there was a large village here, and a church was built here, but now all is destroyed by the pagans and the village of Emmaus is empty. It was near the road beyond the mountains on the right hand as you go from

1134:. He describes it as "a poor hamlet consisting of a few mean houses." He also mentions that there are two fountains of living water and that the one lying just beside the village must be that mentioned by Sozomen in the 5th century, 1372:. In his memoirs Dayan recalled that "(Houses were destroyed) not in battle, but as punishment . . in order to chase away the inhabitants." In response to the public relations problem, Dayan eventually agreed to allow those from 1415:, to return and negotiate on their behalf, was turned down by Dayan. Israel offered monetary compensation for the destruction of homes and the expropriation of lands. One committee leader, the father of Abu Gaush replied: 3379: 2552:

The origins of the Islamic state: being a translation from the Arabic, accompanied with annotations, geographic and historic notes of the Kitâb fitûh al-buldân of al-Imâm abu-l Abbâs Ahmad ibn-Jâbir al-Balâdhuri

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families. They paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, vineyards, fruit trees, goats and beehives, in addition to "occasional revenues"; a total of 3,600

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told the Cabinet he hoped Israel could get up to 300,000 Palestinians to leave: and night operations and "nipping" were used to get them to "take the hint". Villagers from Imwas, together with those of

1458:, permission was granted. However, subsequently the signs have been stolen or vandalized. On June 23, 2007, Zochrot joined the refugees of the village Imwas for a tour of the remains of their village. 886:(c. 1185) also located Emmaus in the same position. Conversely, Western sources in the late 12th century identified Biblical Emmaus with another village closer to Jerusalem: Qaryat al-'Inab or 808:(c. 945-1000) recalls that ʿImwas had been the capital of its province, while noting, "that the population removed therefrom to be nearer to the sea, and more in the plain, on account of the 707:

was preserved, though a commander-in-chief/governor-general was appointed from among the new conquerors to head the government, combining executive, judicial and military roles in his person.

3374: 782:. In his writings, he notes that the church, which he thought lay over the house of Cleopas, was still intact; he also recalls and describes the miraculous water source mentioned by Sozomen. 1175:

acquired the site containing the ruins of the church of Imwas. The debris was removed in 1887-8, and excavations were conducted intermittently from November 1924 to September 1930 by the

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made Imwas the subject of one of his paintings. The work, named for the village, was one of a series of four on destroyed Palestinian villages that he produced in 1988; the others being

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of 1191-2, and it is unclear whether it was reoccupied by the Hospitallers between 1229 and 1244. The village was re-established just north of where the church had been located.

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The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer

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is also thought to have referred to the town and the building of a shrine-church therein, when he writes that the Lord "consecrated the house of Cleopas as a church." In the

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in the 6th, and by Willibald in the 8th. The ruins of the "ancient church" are described by Robinson as lying just south of the built-up area of the village at that time.

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Imwas came under the rule of the Ottoman Empire in the early 16th century and by the end of that century, the church built by the Crusaders had been converted into a

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is a recent documentary film in which the filmmaker makes a 3D model of the town using expertise and interviews with people who survived the exodus.

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in Canada raised $ 5 million to establish a picnic park for Israelis in the area, which it created and still maintains. It descrfibes the area as:-

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bases. Central Command orders issued to soldiers at the time described the 1948 failure, and the 1967 success in the following way, by writing of:

600:, populating it with 800 veterans. In 131 CE, the city was destroyed by an earthquake. It was rebuilt and renamed Nicopolis ("City of Victory") by 499:, roughly means "it was extended generally and was an affliction". Clermont-Ganneau thought this local etymology was "evidently artificial". 3348: 610:

in a region that bore its name. Robinson writes that the town was rebuilt "by the exertions of the writer Julius Africanus." In 222 CE, a

2530: 2416: 2512: 1499: 2893: 2172: 692:, was made up of Arab soldiers, who were soon to become citizens of the newly conquered areas. The soldiers brought their wives and 2160: 117: 2238: 2222: 1291:, the village held strategic importance due to its location on the Latrun salient, affording control over the road to Jerusalem. 152: 2206: 3384: 211: 3231: 2923: 2683: 2445: 2290: 1814: 1787: 1601: 1311: 1035: 1017:, or Mo'al; but these are merely shorter or less accurate forms; the complete name, as I have on several occasions noted, is 458: 335: 2486: 2474: 835:

describes this destruction and other acts of suppression against Christian worship as one of the main impetuses behind the

2859:. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. 800:, the administrative districts had been redrawn and Imwas was the capital of a sub-district within the larger district of 96: 1680:

Conder, C. R. (Claude Reignier); Kitchener, Horatio Herbert Kitchener; Palmer, Edward Henry; Besant, Walter (1881–1883).

319:. It is traditionally (possibly from as early as the 3rd century, but probably incorrectly) identified with the biblical 449:

name more faithfully approximates the town's original ancient name when compared against the name as transcribed in the

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has the following passage : " One sees at 'Amwas the tombs of a great number of companions of the prophets and of

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to the position of commander-in-chief in 640, and he served as the governor of Syria for 20 years before becoming the

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who died of the Plague. Among them (sic) is mentioned 'Abd er Rahman ibn {sic) Mu'adh ben Jabal and his children. ...

790:, a nun who visited Palestine in the 8th century, mentions both the church and the fountain in Imwas in her work on 1331: 206: 2791: 1339:

The town, defended by a few Jordanian and Egyptian units, was overrun and destroyed in June 1967 on the orders of

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Sheikh Mu'alla had an endowment text (now lost), dating it to 687 AH/1289-1290 CE. Clermont-Ganneau described it:

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available at the site. Throughout the 12th century, Imwas continued to be identified as the Biblical Emmaus by

676:, a military camp was established at ʿImwas, which formed part of the newly created administrative district of 496: 831:, ordered the destruction of Christian sites, affecting some 30,000 churches in the territory under his rule. 665: 1681: 952: 3123: 3096: 2671:[ARP] Archaeological Researches in Palestine 1873–1874, translated from the French by J. McFarlane 2094: 1922: 1854: 1702: 1537: 2779:

First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population

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The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Corpus: Volume 1, A-K (excluding Acre and Jerusalem)

1686:. Robarts - University of Toronto. London : Committee of the Palestine exploration fund. p. 66. 1683:

The survey of western Palestine : memoirs of the topography, orography, hydrography, and archaeology

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for permission to post signs designating the Palestinian villages in Canada Park. After petitioning the

491:'s visited the place and prayed to God to revive the victims. The fellahin described the pestilience as 3113:

Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838

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Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838

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The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology

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Later Biblical Researches in Palestine and adjacent regions: A Journal of Travels in the year 1852

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Imwas was likely abandoned by Crusaders in 1187 and unlike the neighboring villages of Beit Nuba,

919: 3353: 2715:. BAR International Series 726 (in French). Vol. III : Catalogue. Oxford: Archeopress. 2252:

A Gazetteer of the Place Names which appear in the small-scale Maps of Palestine and Trans-Jordan

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Cartulaire de l'église du Saint Sépulchre de Jérusalem: publié d'après les manuscrits du Vatican

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was erected there, which was rebuilt first by the Byzantines and later by the Crusaders. In the

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also visited Imwas in the late 19th century and describes a local tradition centered around a

779: 3193: 3117: 3090: 2915: 2499: 2360: 2057: 2027: 2011: 1987: 1967: 1942: 1881: 1804: 1777: 1739: 1628: 828: 653: 331: 3265: 3223: 2624: 2420: 1451: 1432: 1360:, numbering some 8,000, were ordered by megaphone to abandon their homes and march towards 1299:. Israeli forces attacked the position several times but failed to gain control during the 1292: 915: 832: 371: 47: 3163: 2880:

Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from AD. 650 to 1500

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Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century

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began and spread from there, killing some 20,000 people, including the commander-in-chief

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in the 19th century, the village's name is related to an epidemic that killed the ancient

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The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A-K (excluding Acre and Jerusalem)

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Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine

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the population of Imwas was 1,450, all Muslims, while the total land area was 5,151

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with a well-preserved font dating to the 4th century. The square building housed an

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from six surrounding villages to the Hospitallers, one of these villages was nearby

839:, in which, "Saving Christian sites and guaranteeing access to them was paramount." 2706: 1570: 1300: 1228:, Imwas had a population of 824, all Muslim. This had increased by the time of the 1146: 900: 863: 704: 513: 420: 323:. Its population was expelled and its buildings razed by Israeli forces during the 2801: 2591: 2453: 1142: 487:

inhabitants of the village, but they were miraculously brought back to life after

362:, the villagers of Imwas were expelled and the village destroyed on the orders of 3245: 3217: 3052: 2854: 2833: 2805: 2789: 2756: 2732: 2710: 2356: 1591: 1056: 904: 896: 847: 711: 697: 571: 531: 523: 470: 446: 409: 389: 270: 2895:

Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas

1100:, which itself stood for almost a century before falling into ruin. In the 1596 577:

Imwas has been identified as the site of ancient Emmaus, where according to the

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Studies in Biblical and Patristic Criticism: Or Studia Biblica Et Ecclesiastica

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point the presence of a Samaritan community in Imwas in the late Roman period.

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in Imwas, and we will not accept one dunum in heaven for one dunam in Inwas!"

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basin where it is thought that those undergoing baptismal rites would stand.

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leased the "land of Emmaus", which included Imwas and six other villages, to

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Reduced to a small market town, its importance was recognized by the Emperor

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forces were there from April to the middle of May until the arrival of the

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just days before the village was taken. Dayan stated that the Latrun area

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By 1009, the church in Imwas had been destroyed by Yaruk, the governor of

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Interview: Ahmad Abughoush: "Imwas : Canada Park's Concealed Crime "

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A series of historical maps of the area around Imwas (click the buttons)

1918: 1475: 1272: 866: 805: 648:, a second tradition associated with Emmaus emerges in the writings of 601: 2810:(in French). Vol. 1: Judee, pt. 1. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale. 3213: 3134: 3107: 3080: 2752: 2399: 2310: 1490: 1373: 1357: 1280: 1192: 1184: 1172: 1168: 1052: 903:, which was known to Eusebius and Jerome, places the distance at 160 887: 875: 763: 748: 693: 626: 623: 593: 359: 316: 305: 300:

village located 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southeast of the city of

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Forcibly depopulated communities of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict

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1967: Israel, the War, and the Year that Transformed the Middle East

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Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine

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two decades earlier, and that they had been present in an attack by

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Six Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East

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Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae (CIAP).: A. Volume one

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Archaeological Researches in Palestine during the Years 1873–1874

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The Jordanian census of 1961 found 1,955 inhabitants in Imwas.

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The Emmaus Mystery: Discovering Evidence for the Risen Christ

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Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922

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List of villages depopulated during the Arab-Israeli conflict

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Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p.

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Le festival Ciné Palestine s’engage auprès des réalisateurs

1486: 1471: 1353: 1276: 1188: 1114: 1039: 1021:. Although they do not know anything about its origin, the 967: 931:, whereas Imwas was referred to simply as Emmaus. In 1141, 809: 719: 689: 596:, who established a fortified camp there in 68 CE to house 484: 433: 392:

literary sources indicate the name was formerly pronounced

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1967 disestablishments in the Israeli Military Governorate

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Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics (1945).

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The destruction of Imwas and the other Latrun villages of

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Arab villages depopulated after the 1948 Arab–Israeli War

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Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p.

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to 1,029, 2 Christians and 1,027 Muslim, in 224 houses.

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on June 7, 1967 along with the neighbouring villages of

3182:"Das altchristliche Taufhaus neben der Kirche in Amwas" 2776:

Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics (1964).

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Driver, S. R.; Wardrop, Margery; Lake, Kirsopp (2006).

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Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jerusalem, p.

1419:"We will not accept all the money in the world for one 736:), its name suggesting a derivation from these events. 3247:

Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae, Vol. I, A

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Armies of Pestilence: The Impact of Disease on History

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Behind the Wall: Life, Love, and Struggle in Palestine

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visited Imwas during his mid-19th century travels in

2852: 2824:. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Centre. 3169:(RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI) 3158:(in Latin and French). Paris: Imprimerie nationale. 2853:Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). 2233:Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. 2217:Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. 2201:Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. 978:, it is not mentioned in chronicles describing the 366:. Today the area of the former village lies within 3264: 3004: 2907: 2674:. Vol. 1. London: Palestine Exploration Fund. 2602: 2568: 2254:. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine. p. 39. 1566:. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 770:. Later Willibald's uncle (his mother's brother), 3172:(in Latin). Berlin: Libraria Academica Wageriana. 2730: 2712:La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations 1343:due to its strategic location, which enabled the 652:, who mentions a fountain outside the city where 3361: 2835:History of Syria Including Lebanon and Palestine 2664: 1982:-220, No. 117; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. 1067:...... I have established the exact position of 585:appeared to a group of his disciples, including 2678: 2089: 2087: 1697: 1695: 1693: 338:. Its population at the time was predominantly 2629:International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: E-J 2439: 2437: 1712: 1710: 1668:Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement 1596:. Random House Publishing Group. p. 306. 850:, describing the arrival of the armies of the 684:or military camp, among others established in 552:relates that its inhabitants were enslaved by 382:The name of the modern village was pronounced 3151: 3129: 3102: 3075: 2250:Jardine, R.F.; McArthur Davies, B.A. (1948). 1937: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1557: 1335:The expulsion of the residents of Imwas, 1967 3276:. Continuum International Publishing Group. 2985:. Continuum International Publishing Group. 2983:Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land 2940:. Continuum International Publishing Group. 2589: 2545: 2443: 2084: 1947: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1876: 1874: 1828: 1826: 1762: 1760: 1690: 731: 718:and his successor, Yazid. The Rashid Caliph 399: 393: 383: 26: 3290: 3186:Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 3041:Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund 2980: 2954: 2694:Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund 2434: 2371: 2369: 1707: 1623: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1613: 1461: 404:, the latter being form transcribed by the 3176: 2873: 2516:, Arabia Books, London, 2010 ( Chapter 36) 2306: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2165: 2153: 2125: 1928: 1809:. Cambridge University Press. p. 52. 1719: 1542: 858:in 1099, notes the abundance of water and 2891: 2751: 2645: 2513:The Secret Life of Saeed the Pessoptimist 2492: 2446:"Out of sight maybe, but not out of mind" 2386: 2384: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2050: 2041: 2010:, No 274; all cited in Pringle, 1993, p. 1886: 1871: 1835: 1823: 1757: 1654:Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP III, p. 1500:The Secret Life of Saeed the Pessoptimist 696:to the camps, some of whom, according to 654:Jesus and his disciples bathed their feet 3162: 2964:Publish It Not: The Middle East Cover Up 2623: 2366: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2147:Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 2032: 1610: 1330: 1266: 1253: 1245: 989: 909: 778:. Willibald eventually became the first 738: 656:, thus imbuing it with curative powers. 80: 3047: 2981:Negev, Avraham; Gibson, Shimon (2005). 2938:Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land 2910:1948: A History of the Arab-Israeli War 2705: 2295: 2178: 2081:Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 153 1900: 1859: 1802: 1666:C. Clermont-Ganneau, "Letters: VII-X," 1450:('Remember' in Hebrew) has lobbied the 1051:, many Mohammedan writers, for example 700:, were no doubt captured native women. 479:According to a tradition held by local 3362: 3293:Every Pilgrim's Guide to the Holy Land 3240: 3029: 2902: 2814: 2800: 2563: 2381: 1551: 1215: 659: 518:Emmaus is also mentioned in the first 507: 3343:Survey of Western Palestine, Map 17: 3212: 3200: 2898:. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine. 2828: 2320: 2026:, No 649; cited in Pringle, 1993, p. 1986:, No 205; cited in Pringle, 1993, p. 1966:, No 201; cited in Pringle, 1993, p. 1775: 1660: 1493:is mentioned by Palestinian novelist 1145:visited and identified it as ancient 277:ʿImwās), known in classical times as 58:Etymology: possibly "thermal springs" 16:Village in Ramle, Mandatory Palestine 3291:Wareham, Norman; Gill, Jill (1998). 2999: 2932: 2600: 1589: 589:, after his death and resurrection. 304:and 26 kilometres (16 mi) from 3011:. Oxford University Press. p. 2135:; cited in Driver et al., 2006, p. 2068:Clermont-Ganneau, 1899, ARP 1, pp. 732: 274: 27: 13: 2475:High Court Petition on Canada Park 2359:," Potomac Books, Inc., 2010, pp. 1104:its population was reported as 24 1036:Abu 'Abd er Rahman Muadh ben Jabal 895:the distance is transcribed as 60 722:appointed Yazid's younger brother 703:The governmental framework of the 296:'City of Victory'), was a 14: 3396: 3311: 1897:Thiede and D'Ancona, 2005, p. 59. 1648: 1640:Charles Clermont-Ganneau (1899). 1262: 751:visited Imwas. He was the son of 743:Palestine Pilgrim Saint Willibald 3316: 2758:A History of Palestine, 634-1099 2559:. New York: Columbia University. 2235:Village Statistics, April, 1945. 2219:Village Statistics, April, 1945. 2203:Village Statistics, April, 1945. 2047:Thiede and D'Ancona, 2005, p. 60 1113:. Part of the revenue went to a 123: 116: 95: 85: 75: 65: 46: 3222:. Translated by Jessica Cohen. 2793:Village Statistics, April, 1945 2538: 2519: 2504: 2480: 2468: 2409: 2393: 2283: 2266: 2243: 2227: 2211: 2195: 2141: 2112: 2099: 2075: 2062: 2016: 1992: 1972: 1956: 1912: 1847: 1796: 1769: 1766:Negev and Gibson, 2005, p. 159. 1744: 1548:Wareham and Gill, 1998, p. 108. 1347:to be controlled. At the time, 1320: 1045:Recucil d'Archeologie Orientale 842: 528:Syrian Seleucid general Gorgias 370:, which was established by the 2761:. Cambridge University Press. 2648:Who's Who in the New Testament 2631:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 1673: 1633: 1583: 1530: 1153:Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau 1091: 1077:Etudes d'Archeologie Orientale 604:in 221 CE, becoming the chief 566:, was burned to the ground by 560:relates that the city, called 534:and subsequently fortified by 1: 3385:Ancient Samaritan settlements 2444:Zafrir Rinat (13 June 2007). 2317:Abacus Books 2007 pp.489-490. 2093:Robinson and Smith, 1856, p. 1701:Robinson and Smith, 1856, p. 1524: 985: 124: 101:1940s with modern overlay map 3295:. SCM-Canterbury Press Ltd. 3206:A Red Sheet: the Six Day War 2118:Clermont-Ganneau, 1899, pp. 1921:quoted in le Strange, 1890, 1071:, and its identity with the 377: 7: 3152:E. de Roziére, ed. (1849). 2525:Maude Girard, 25 May 2018, 2237:Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 2221:Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 2205:Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 1644:. Vol. 1. p. 490. 1512: 1250:Imwas (Anwas) 1942 1:20,000 1226:British Mandate authorities 1212:village, of moderate size. 1205:Survey of Western Palestine 10: 3401: 3059:Cambridge University Press 2885:Palestine Exploration Fund 2646:Brownrigg, Ronald (2001). 2596:. Government of Palestine. 2590:Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). 1324: 869:. For example, in 1106-7, 792:The Life of St. Willibald. 562: 511: 502: 453:, where it begins with an 346:minority. Captured by the 2609:. James Clarke & Co. 1998:Röhricht, 1893, RRH, pp. 1564:The Catholic Encyclopedia 1507:Emwas, restoring memories 1308:1949 Armistice Agreements 756:Saint Richard the Pilgrim 568:Publius Quinctilius Varus 431:, both beginning with an 286: 250: 238: 230: 225: 217: 205: 193: 183: 148: 111: 62: 57: 52:Imwas, early 20th century 45: 38: 21: 2755:; Broido, Ethel (1997). 2022:Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. 1962:Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. 1462:Artistic representations 1443:Since 2003, the Israeli 1366:Fourth Geneva Convention 1222:1922 census of Palestine 1075:of the Crusaders, in my 716:Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah 618:, the city served as an 538:in 160 BCE. It replaced 239:Cause(s) of depopulation 25: 3116:. Vol. 3. Boston: 3089:. Vol. 2. Boston: 2892:Mills, E., ed. (1932). 2692:. Vol. 3. London: 2390:Mayhew and Adams, 2006. 1953:Brownrigg, 2001, p. 49. 1853:Al-Baladhuri, 1916, p. 1803:Pringle, Denys (1993). 1670:6.3 (July 1874): p. 162 1283:and the armistice lines 1059:, call the place where 1038:, who was entrusted by 1019:Sheikh Mu'al iben Jabal 947:a year. The same year, 3118:Crocker & Brewster 3091:Crocker & Brewster 2666:Clermont-Ganneau, C.S. 1978:de Roziére, 1849, pp. 1716:Bromiley, 1982, p. 77. 1558:Siméon Vailhé (1909). 1441: 1425: 1408: 1336: 1284: 1259: 1251: 1208:described Imwas as an 1089: 998: 953:Patriarch of Jerusalem 923: 914:Raymond du Puy in the 744: 554:Gaius Cassius Longinus 419:, the Semitic name of 400: 394: 384: 348:Israeli Defense Forces 3325:at Wikimedia Commons 2916:Yale University Press 2838:. Gorgias Press LLC. 2737:. Gorgias Press LLC. 1782:. BRILL. p. 80. 1437: 1417: 1404: 1334: 1325:Further information: 1270: 1257: 1249: 1063:died and was buried, 1006: 993: 913: 829:al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah 742: 666:conquest of Palestine 520:Book of the Maccabees 495:, which according to 344:Palestinian Christian 342:although there was a 332:1948 Arab-Israeli war 168:31.84056°N 34.99167°E 1832:Hitti, 2002, p. 424] 1776:Šārôn, Moše (1997). 1497:in his famous novel 1452:Jewish National Fund 1433:Jewish National Fund 1293:Arab Liberation Army 1258:Imwas 1945 1:250,000 1162:depopulation in 1967 955:granted half of the 939:, the master of the 833:Carsten Peter Thiede 476:, a thermal spring. 469:is derived from the 388:by its inhabitants. 372:Jewish National Fund 218:Date of depopulation 2883:. Committee of the 2601:Bray, R.S. (2004). 2456:on 17 February 2009 2038:Levy, 1998, p. 508. 1590:Oren, M.B. (2017). 1466:Palestinian artist 1310:, Imwas came under 1216:British Mandate era 788:Heidenheim, Bavaria 780:bishop of Eichstätt 762:, brother of Saint 660:Arab caliphates era 570:after the death of 508:Classical antiquity 465:suggested the name 334:, Imwas fell under 200:Mandatory Palestine 195:Geopolitical entity 185:Palestine grid 164: / 139:Mandatory Palestine 2575:. Reaktion Books. 2557:Philip Khuri Hitti 2272:Morris, 2008, see 2105:Guérin, 1868, pp. 1941:Pringle, 1993, p. 1738:Pringle, 1993, p. 1456:Israeli High Court 1387:Siege of Jerusalem 1345:route to Jerusalem 1337: 1289:1948 Palestine War 1285: 1260: 1252: 999: 924: 745: 670:Rashidun Caliphate 598:Legio V Macedonica 522:as the site where 251:Current Localities 231: • Total 173:31.84056; 34.99167 3349:Wikimedia commons 3330:Welcome To 'Imwas 3321:Media related to 3233:978-0-8050-7057-6 2925:978-0-300-12696-9 2498:Ankori, 2006, p. 2131:Schick, 1884, p. 2056:Sharon, 1997, p. 1880:Sharon, 1997, p. 1841:Hitti, 2002, p. 1816:978-0-521-39036-1 1789:978-90-04-10833-2 1627:Sharon, 1997, p. 1603:978-0-345-46431-6 1536:Palmer, 1881, p. 1312:Jordanian control 1224:conducted by the 937:Raymond of Le Puy 804:. The geographer 668:by forces of the 542:as the head of a 536:General Bacchides 295: 260: 259: 3392: 3320: 3306: 3287: 3261: 3237: 3209: 3197: 3173: 3159: 3148: 3121: 3094: 3072: 3044: 3026: 3010: 2996: 2977: 2966:. Signal Books. 2951: 2929: 2913: 2899: 2888: 2870: 2849: 2825: 2811: 2797: 2786: 2784: 2772: 2748: 2727:(pp. 890–1) 2726: 2697: 2675: 2661: 2642: 2620: 2608: 2597: 2586: 2574: 2560: 2533: 2523: 2517: 2508: 2502: 2496: 2490: 2484: 2478: 2472: 2466: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2452:. Archived from 2441: 2432: 2431: 2429: 2428: 2419:. Archived from 2413: 2407: 2397: 2391: 2388: 2379: 2373: 2364: 2353: 2318: 2308: 2293: 2287: 2281: 2270: 2264: 2263: 2247: 2241: 2231: 2225: 2215: 2209: 2199: 2193: 2187: 2176: 2171:Mills, 1932, p. 2169: 2163: 2157: 2151: 2145: 2139: 2129: 2123: 2116: 2110: 2103: 2097: 2091: 2082: 2079: 2073: 2066: 2060: 2054: 2048: 2045: 2039: 2036: 2030: 2020: 2014: 2002:-62, No 244; p. 1996: 1990: 1976: 1970: 1960: 1954: 1951: 1945: 1939: 1926: 1916: 1910: 1904: 1898: 1895: 1884: 1878: 1869: 1863: 1857: 1851: 1845: 1839: 1833: 1830: 1821: 1820: 1800: 1794: 1793: 1773: 1767: 1764: 1755: 1748: 1742: 1736: 1717: 1714: 1705: 1699: 1688: 1687: 1677: 1671: 1664: 1658: 1652: 1646: 1645: 1637: 1631: 1625: 1608: 1607: 1587: 1581: 1580: 1571:Julius Africanus 1555: 1549: 1546: 1540: 1534: 1301:Battle of Latrun 1147:Emmaus Nicopolis 1061:Mu'adh ben Jabal 933:Robert of Sinjil 929:Castellum Emmaus 916:Hall of Crusades 901:Codex Sinaiticus 864:Eastern Orthodox 735: 734: 565: 564: 514:Emmaus Nicopolis 497:Clermont-Ganneau 445:argued that the 439:Clermont-Ganneau 421:Emmaus Nicopolis 403: 397: 387: 290: 288: 276: 179: 178: 176: 175: 174: 169: 165: 162: 161: 160: 157: 137:Location within 127: 126: 120: 102: 99: 92: 89: 82: 79: 72: 69: 50: 30: 29: 19: 18: 3400: 3399: 3395: 3394: 3393: 3391: 3390: 3389: 3360: 3359: 3314: 3309: 3303: 3284: 3258: 3234: 3069: 3023: 3007:Six Days of War 2993: 2974: 2948: 2926: 2867: 2846: 2782: 2769: 2745: 2723: 2684:Kitchener, H.H. 2658: 2639: 2617: 2583: 2571:Palestinian Art 2541: 2536: 2524: 2520: 2510:Habibi, Emile, 2509: 2505: 2497: 2493: 2485: 2481: 2473: 2469: 2459: 2457: 2442: 2435: 2426: 2424: 2415: 2414: 2410: 2398: 2394: 2389: 2382: 2375:Oren, 2002, p. 2374: 2367: 2354: 2321: 2309: 2296: 2288: 2284: 2271: 2267: 2248: 2244: 2232: 2228: 2216: 2212: 2200: 2196: 2188: 2179: 2170: 2166: 2158: 2154: 2146: 2142: 2130: 2126: 2117: 2113: 2104: 2100: 2092: 2085: 2080: 2076: 2067: 2063: 2055: 2051: 2046: 2042: 2037: 2033: 2021: 2017: 1997: 1993: 1977: 1973: 1961: 1957: 1952: 1948: 1940: 1929: 1917: 1913: 1905: 1901: 1896: 1887: 1879: 1872: 1865:Bray, 2004, p. 1864: 1860: 1852: 1848: 1840: 1836: 1831: 1824: 1817: 1801: 1797: 1790: 1774: 1770: 1765: 1758: 1749: 1745: 1737: 1720: 1715: 1708: 1700: 1691: 1678: 1674: 1665: 1661: 1653: 1649: 1638: 1634: 1626: 1611: 1604: 1588: 1584: 1556: 1552: 1547: 1543: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1515: 1464: 1329: 1323: 1265: 1237:1945 statistics 1218: 1121:Edward Robinson 1094: 988: 848:William of Tyre 845: 712:Plague of Amwas 698:Philip K. Hitti 662: 622:. Remains of a 572:Herod the Great 550:Edward Robinson 532:2nd century BCE 524:Judas Maccabeus 516: 510: 505: 437:(ʿ). Following 415:In the time of 380: 172: 170: 166: 163: 158: 155: 153: 151: 150: 144: 143: 142: 141: 135: 134: 133: 132: 128: 107: 104: 103: 100: 93: 90: 83: 73: 70: 53: 41: 34: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3398: 3388: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3358: 3357: 3351: 3341: 3332: 3313: 3312:External links 3310: 3308: 3307: 3301: 3288: 3282: 3262: 3256: 3238: 3232: 3210: 3198: 3174: 3160: 3149: 3127: 3100: 3073: 3067: 3045: 3027: 3021: 2997: 2991: 2978: 2972: 2952: 2946: 2930: 2924: 2900: 2889: 2875:Le Strange, G. 2871: 2865: 2850: 2844: 2826: 2812: 2798: 2787: 2773: 2767: 2749: 2743: 2728: 2721: 2703: 2676: 2662: 2656: 2643: 2637: 2625:Bromiley, G.W. 2621: 2615: 2598: 2587: 2581: 2561: 2555:. Translator: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2534: 2518: 2503: 2491: 2479: 2467: 2433: 2408: 2392: 2380: 2365: 2319: 2294: 2282: 2265: 2242: 2226: 2210: 2194: 2177: 2164: 2152: 2140: 2124: 2111: 2098: 2083: 2074: 2061: 2049: 2040: 2031: 2015: 1991: 1971: 1955: 1946: 1927: 1911: 1906:Gil, 1997, p. 1899: 1885: 1870: 1858: 1846: 1834: 1822: 1815: 1795: 1788: 1768: 1756: 1752:The Jewish War 1743: 1718: 1706: 1689: 1672: 1659: 1647: 1632: 1609: 1602: 1582: 1550: 1541: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1522: 1521: 1514: 1511: 1468:Sliman Mansour 1463: 1460: 1322: 1319: 1264: 1263:Jordanian rule 1261: 1217: 1214: 1191:and a shallow 1093: 1090: 997:Sheikh Mu'alla 987: 984: 899:, whereas the 854:to Imwas from 844: 841: 772:Saint Boniface 760:Wuna of Wessex 747:In 723, Saint 728:Umayyad caliph 705:Byzantine rule 678:Jund al-Urdunn 661: 658: 579:Gospel of Luke 512:Main article: 509: 506: 504: 501: 471:ancient Hebrew 379: 376: 336:Jordanian rule 258: 257: 252: 248: 247: 240: 236: 235: 232: 228: 227: 223: 222: 219: 215: 214: 209: 203: 202: 197: 191: 190: 187: 181: 180: 146: 145: 136: 130: 129: 122: 121: 115: 114: 113: 112: 109: 108: 105: 94: 84: 74: 64: 63: 60: 59: 55: 54: 51: 43: 42: 39: 36: 35: 32: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3397: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3367: 3365: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3340: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3327: 3326: 3324: 3319: 3304: 3302:9781853112126 3298: 3294: 3289: 3285: 3283:9780826467973 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3257:90-04-10833-5 3253: 3249: 3248: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3220: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3170: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3156: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3141: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3125: 3119: 3115: 3114: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3098: 3092: 3088: 3087: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3068:0-521-39036-2 3064: 3060: 3056: 3055: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3037: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3022:0-19-515174-7 3018: 3014: 3009: 3008: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2992:9780826485717 2988: 2984: 2979: 2975: 2973:1-904955-19-3 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2947:9780826469960 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2921: 2917: 2912: 2911: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2896: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2881: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2866:3-920405-41-2 2862: 2858: 2857: 2851: 2847: 2841: 2837: 2836: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2822: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2808: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2794: 2788: 2781: 2780: 2774: 2770: 2768:9780521599849 2764: 2760: 2759: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2744:9781593334703 2740: 2736: 2735: 2729: 2724: 2722:0-860549-05-4 2718: 2714: 2713: 2708: 2704: 2701: 2695: 2691: 2690: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2672: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2657:9780415260367 2653: 2650:. Routledge. 2649: 2644: 2640: 2638:9780802837820 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2616:9780227172407 2612: 2607: 2606: 2599: 2595: 2594: 2588: 2584: 2582:1-86189-259-4 2578: 2573: 2572: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2553: 2548: 2544: 2543: 2532: 2528: 2527:fr:Orient XXI 2522: 2515: 2514: 2507: 2501: 2495: 2488: 2487:Tour to Imwas 2483: 2476: 2471: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2440: 2438: 2423:on 2015-02-22 2422: 2418: 2412: 2405: 2401: 2396: 2387: 2385: 2378: 2372: 2370: 2362: 2358: 2355:Rich Wiles, " 2352: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2316: 2312: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2292: 2286: 2280:in the index. 2279: 2275: 2269: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2246: 2240: 2236: 2230: 2224: 2220: 2214: 2208: 2204: 2198: 2192: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2174: 2168: 2162: 2156: 2150: 2144: 2138: 2134: 2128: 2121: 2115: 2108: 2102: 2096: 2090: 2088: 2078: 2071: 2065: 2059: 2053: 2044: 2035: 2029: 2025: 2019: 2013: 2009: 2006:, No 257; p. 2005: 2001: 1995: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1975: 1969: 1965: 1959: 1950: 1944: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1924: 1920: 1915: 1909: 1903: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1883: 1877: 1875: 1868: 1862: 1856: 1850: 1844: 1838: 1829: 1827: 1818: 1812: 1808: 1807: 1799: 1791: 1785: 1781: 1780: 1772: 1763: 1761: 1753: 1747: 1741: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1713: 1711: 1704: 1698: 1696: 1694: 1685: 1684: 1676: 1669: 1663: 1657: 1651: 1643: 1636: 1630: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1605: 1599: 1595: 1594: 1586: 1579: 1577: 1572: 1565: 1561: 1554: 1545: 1539: 1533: 1529: 1520: 1517: 1516: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1502: 1501: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1483: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1446: 1440: 1436: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1422: 1416: 1414: 1407: 1403: 1400: 1396: 1393:commandos on 1392: 1388: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1370:Yitzhak Rabin 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1341:Yitzhak Rabin 1333: 1328: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1304: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1269: 1256: 1248: 1244: 1242: 1238: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1206: 1201: 1198:In 1883, the 1196: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1183:discovered a 1182: 1181:Dr. C. Schick 1178: 1174: 1170: 1167:In 1875, the 1165: 1163: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1148: 1144: 1143:Victor Guérin 1139: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1088: 1086: 1082: 1081:Aly el Herewy 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1005: 1003: 996: 992: 983: 981: 980:Third Crusade 977: 973: 969: 964: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 921: 917: 912: 908: 906: 902: 898: 893: 892:Denys Pringle 889: 885: 881: 877: 872: 868: 865: 861: 857: 853: 852:First Crusade 849: 840: 838: 837:First Crusade 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 813: 811: 807: 803: 802:Jund Filastin 799: 794: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 754: 750: 741: 737: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 708: 706: 701: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 657: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 632:Described by 630: 628: 625: 621: 620:episcopal see 617: 613: 609: 608: 603: 599: 595: 590: 588: 584: 580: 575: 573: 569: 559: 555: 551: 547: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 526:defeated the 525: 521: 515: 500: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 477: 475: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 435: 430: 426: 422: 418: 413: 412:(1179–1229). 411: 407: 402: 396: 391: 386: 375: 373: 369: 365: 364:Yitzhak Rabin 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 328: 326: 322: 318: 314: 311: 307: 303: 299: 293: 284: 280: 272: 268: 264: 256: 253: 249: 245: 242:Expulsion by 241: 237: 233: 229: 224: 220: 216: 213: 210: 208: 204: 201: 198: 196: 192: 188: 186: 182: 177: 149:Coordinates: 147: 140: 119: 110: 98: 88: 78: 68: 61: 56: 49: 44: 37: 33:'Amwas, Amwas 20: 3315: 3292: 3273: 3270:D'Ancona, M. 3266:Thiede, C.P. 3246: 3218: 3205: 3189: 3185: 3168: 3164:Röhricht, R. 3154: 3139: 3131:Robinson, E. 3112: 3104:Robinson, E. 3085: 3077:Robinson, E. 3053: 3035: 3031:Palmer, E.H. 3006: 2982: 2963: 2937: 2909: 2894: 2879: 2855: 2834: 2820: 2806: 2792: 2778: 2757: 2733: 2711: 2688: 2680:Conder, C.R. 2670: 2647: 2628: 2604: 2592: 2570: 2551: 2547:Al-Baladhuri 2539:Bibliography 2521: 2511: 2506: 2494: 2482: 2470: 2458:. Retrieved 2454:the original 2425:. Retrieved 2421:the original 2411: 2402:, 2007, pp. 2395: 2314: 2285: 2277: 2273: 2268: 2251: 2245: 2234: 2229: 2218: 2213: 2202: 2197: 2167: 2155: 2143: 2127: 2114: 2101: 2077: 2064: 2052: 2043: 2034: 2018: 1994: 1974: 1958: 1949: 1914: 1902: 1861: 1849: 1837: 1805: 1798: 1778: 1771: 1746: 1682: 1675: 1667: 1662: 1650: 1641: 1635: 1592: 1585: 1575: 1567: 1563: 1553: 1544: 1532: 1505: 1498: 1495:Emile Habibi 1484: 1465: 1442: 1438: 1431:In 1973 the 1430: 1426: 1418: 1409: 1405: 1368:, came from 1338: 1321:Israeli rule 1316: 1305: 1286: 1234: 1219: 1203: 1197: 1166: 1151: 1140: 1119: 1095: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1048: 1044: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1007: 1000: 965: 941:Hospitallers 928: 925: 871:Abbot Daniel 846: 843:Crusader era 819:, after the 814: 795: 791: 746: 710:In 639, the 709: 702: 681: 663: 637: 631: 605: 591: 581:(24:13-35), 576: 548: 517: 492: 478: 473: 466: 443:Moshe Sharon 432: 428: 424: 414: 381: 329: 278: 266: 262: 261: 3192:. Leipzig: 3145:John Murray 3049:Pringle, D. 2707:Dauphin, C. 1349:Moshe Dayan 1297:Arab Legion 1287:During the 1230:1931 census 1179:. In 1884, 1092:Ottoman era 1013:, and also 1009:pronounced 884:John Phocas 798:9th century 733:بئر الطاعون 674:7th century 646:5th century 638:Onomasticon 616:4th century 546:in 47 BCE. 493:amm-mou-asa 408:geographer 368:Canada Park 352:Six-Day War 350:during the 298:Palestinian 255:Canada Park 221:7 June 1967 207:Subdistrict 171: / 91:modern map 3364:Categories 3242:Sharon, M. 3178:Schick, C. 3143:. London: 2956:Mayhew, C. 2934:Levy, T.E. 2904:Morris, B. 2845:1931956618 2816:Hadawi, S. 2802:Guérin, V. 2565:Ankori, G. 2427:2015-02-21 1919:Al-Maqdisi 1750:Josephus, 1525:References 1476:Bayt Dajan 1306:After the 1273:Dayr Ayyub 1169:Carmelites 1136:Theophanes 1102:tax record 986:Mamluk era 920:Versailles 867:Christians 823:caliph of 806:al-Maqdisi 758:and Saint 753:West Saxon 694:concubines 664:After the 602:Elagabalus 574:in 4 BCE. 489:Neby Uzair 330:After the 226:Population 159:34°59′30″E 156:31°50′26″N 71:1870s map 3250:. BRILL. 3224:Macmillan 3214:Segev, T. 3202:Segev, S. 3135:Smith, E. 3108:Smith, E. 3081:Smith, E. 2960:Adams, M. 2830:Hitti, P. 2489:, Zochrot 2477:, Zochrot 2460:31 August 2311:Tom Segev 2260:610327173 1754:Bk 7,6:6. 1576:Ant. Jud. 1491:Beit Nuba 1374:Qalqiliya 1358:Beit Nuba 1281:Bayt Nuba 1275:, Imwas, 1193:cruciform 1185:baptistry 1173:Bethlehem 1157:bathhouse 1132:Palestine 1053:Beladhory 888:Abu Ghosh 876:Jerusalem 764:Winnibald 749:Willibald 627:synagogue 624:Samaritan 594:Vespasian 459:Kitchener 378:Etymology 374:in 1973. 360:Bayt Nuba 327:of 1967. 317:West Bank 306:Jerusalem 287:Νικόπολις 279:Nicopolis 81:1940s map 3272:(2005). 3244:(1997). 3216:(2007). 3204:(1967). 3180:(1884). 3166:(1893). 3137:(1856). 3110:(1841). 3083:(1841). 3051:(1993). 3033:(1881). 3003:(2002). 3001:Oren, M. 2962:(2006). 2936:(1998). 2906:(2008). 2877:(1890). 2832:(2002). 2818:(1970). 2804:(1868). 2709:(1998). 2686:(1883). 2668:(1899). 2627:(1982). 2567:(2006). 2549:(1916). 1560:"Emmaus" 1513:See also 1399:fellahin 1391:Egyptian 1362:Ramallah 1141:In 1863 1023:fellahin 1011:Ma'alleh 943:for 500 784:Hygeburg 768:Walpurga 724:Mu'awiya 686:Tiberias 634:Eusebius 612:basilica 558:Josephus 544:toparchy 481:fellahin 3339:Zochrot 2753:Gil, M. 2450:Haaretz 1448:Zochrot 1271:Map of 1235:In the 1220:In the 1125:Ottoman 1069:Ukhuana 1065:Ukhuana 1032:Mahomet 949:William 945:bezants 821:Fatimid 796:By the 776:Germans 680:. This 672:in the 650:Sozomen 636:in his 587:Cleopas 530:in the 503:History 429:ʿEmmaus 425:ʿAmmaôs 401:ʿAmawās 315:of the 313:salient 308:in the 294: 244:Israeli 189:149/138 40:Village 3299: 3280: 3254: 3230: 3065: 3019: 2989: 2970: 2944: 2922: 2863: 2842: 2765: 2741: 2719: 2654: 2635: 2613: 2579: 2274:Latrun 2258: 1813: 1786: 1600: 1241:dunams 1106:Muslim 1098:mosque 1049:Fakhur 1028:Sheikh 976:Latrun 961:Khulda 957:tithes 951:, the 905:stades 897:stades 860:fodder 642:Jerome 563:Άμμoὺς 556:while 485:Jewish 474:ḥammat 467:Emmaus 463:Conder 451:Talmud 447:Arabic 417:Jerome 406:Syrian 395:ʿAmwās 390:Arabic 385:ʿImwās 340:Muslim 321:Emmaus 310:Latrun 275:عِمواس 271:Arabic 267:Emmaus 246:forces 28:عِمواس 3356:BADIL 3335:Imwas 3323:Imwas 3099:-364) 3095:(pp. 2783:(PDF) 2698:(pp. 2400:Segev 2315:1967, 2278:Imwas 1923:p.393 1656:36-37 1480:Yibna 1421:dunam 1413:Amman 1378:Habla 1327:Naksa 1210:adobe 1128:Syria 1085:tabis 1073:Cauan 1057:Yakut 1040:'Omar 1015:Mu'al 1002:Maqam 995:Maqam 972:Yazur 880:Jaffa 856:Ramla 825:Egypt 817:Ramla 810:wells 607:polis 583:Jesus 540:Gezer 457:(ʾ). 434:ʿāyin 410:Yakut 325:Naksa 302:Ramla 283:Greek 263:Imwas 234:2,015 212:Ramle 131:Imwas 23:Imwas 3297:ISBN 3278:ISBN 3252:ISBN 3228:ISBN 3196:–17. 3122:(p. 3063:ISBN 3017:ISBN 2987:ISBN 2968:ISBN 2942:ISBN 2920:ISBN 2861:ISBN 2840:ISBN 2763:ISBN 2739:ISBN 2717:ISBN 2702:-81) 2652:ISBN 2633:ISBN 2611:ISBN 2577:ISBN 2462:2008 2406:–409 2363:-24. 2276:and 2256:OCLC 2122:-493 2109:-308 2072:-493 1811:ISBN 1784:ISBN 1598:ISBN 1489:and 1487:Yalo 1478:and 1472:Yalo 1382:Zeta 1380:and 1356:and 1354:Yalo 1277:Yalo 1189:apse 1130:and 1115:waqf 1111:akçe 1055:and 974:and 968:Yalo 766:and 720:Umar 690:Homs 688:and 682:jund 461:and 455:alef 423:was 398:and 358:and 356:Yalo 292:lit. 3345:IAA 3097:363 3013:307 2404:407 2377:307 2239:165 2223:115 2137:325 2120:483 2107:293 2095:146 2070:492 2024:172 1980:219 1908:111 1855:215 1843:425 1703:147 1538:283 1445:NGO 1395:Lod 1202:'s 1200:PEF 1171:of 882:." 878:to 812:." 786:of 427:or 265:or 3366:: 3347:, 3337:, 3268:; 3226:. 3194:15 3188:. 3184:. 3133:; 3124:30 3106:; 3079:; 3061:. 3057:. 3039:. 3015:. 2958:; 2918:. 2914:. 2700:63 2682:; 2529:, 2500:82 2448:. 2436:^ 2383:^ 2368:^ 2361:17 2322:^ 2313:, 2297:^ 2291:24 2207:66 2191:29 2180:^ 2173:40 2161:15 2149:14 2133:15 2086:^ 2058:84 2028:53 2012:53 2008:69 2004:65 2000:61 1988:53 1984:51 1968:53 1964:50 1943:53 1930:^ 1888:^ 1882:80 1873:^ 1867:40 1825:^ 1759:^ 1740:52 1721:^ 1709:^ 1692:^ 1629:79 1612:^ 1562:. 1503:. 1482:. 1474:, 1376:, 1314:. 1303:. 1279:, 1164:. 1149:. 1117:. 1034:, 970:, 918:, 907:. 890:. 827:, 640:, 441:, 289:, 285:: 273:: 3305:. 3286:. 3260:. 3236:. 3208:. 3190:7 3147:. 3126:) 3120:. 3093:. 3071:. 3043:. 3025:. 2995:. 2976:. 2950:. 2928:. 2887:. 2869:. 2848:. 2796:. 2785:. 2771:. 2747:. 2725:. 2696:. 2660:. 2641:. 2619:. 2585:. 2464:. 2430:. 2262:. 2175:. 1925:. 1819:. 1792:. 1606:. 922:. 281:( 269:(

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Index