843:
of illegal immigration has been reduced to less than 10,000 aliens per year and that any increase in legal immigration resulting from termination of the immigration moratorium would have no adverse impact on the wages and working conditions of United States citizens, the achievement or maintenance of
Federal environmental quality standards, or the capacity of public schools, public hospitals, and other public facilities to serve the resident population in those localities where immigrants are likely to settle.
363:'s Proposition 200, PAN, indicates the support for immigration reductionism among voters. The PAN initiative qualified for the ballot following the expenditure by FAIR of hundreds of thousands of dollars for signature gathering, plus comparable sums for campaigning with some additional amounts raised locally. The initiative was adopted by the public by a significant margin and is likely to inspire similar efforts in other states. The success of Proposition 200 in Arizona was followed in April 2005 by the
756:
731:, calling her views "repulsive separatist views," and called on her to resign from the advisory board of Protect Arizona Now in Arizona. PEB and CCN are also critical of FAIR for FAIR's support of a national ID card, which PEB and CCN oppose. The Protect Arizona Now movement split, with two rival state-level organizations, one supported by FAIR, the other supported by PEB and CCN, working to support the passage of the ballot initiative.
20:
613:
possible, and, most importantly, by increasing the number of illegals already here who give up and deport themselves, the United States can bring about an annual decrease in the illegal-alien population, rather than allowing it to continually increase." This approach concedes that mass deportations of illegal aliens is logistically, economically, and politically untenable.
328:. The USS3P membership contained many immigration reductionists of the time. In 1999 it sought cosponsors for a major national conference on immigration. A number of major individuals and minor organizations joined as co-sponsors, but no large national groups joined and it folded in 2000 without holding the intended conference.
1421:
670:
to inform federal authorities when an illegal immigrant is arrested in an indictable crime or for drunk driving. There are an estimated 380,000 people living in New Jersey without proper immigration documents. She said that she wanted local, county and state police to hand more serious cases directly
842:
As used in this Act, the term 'immigration moratorium' means the period beginning on
October 1, 2003, and ending on September 30 of the first fiscal year after fiscal year 2008 during which the President submits a report to Congress, which is approved by a joint resolution of Congress, that the flow
542:
The
Carrying Capacity Network (CCN) and Population-Environment Balance (now defunct), two groups that both operate out of the same Washington, D.C. address, issue frequent statements that advocating for the numbers recommended by the Jordan Commission, 700,000 annually, is "counter-productive". In a
612:
have supported an "attrition through enforcement" doctrine. The aim here is to, as that organization states, "Shrink the illegal population through consistent, across-the-board enforcement of the immigration law. By deterring the settlement of new illegals, by increasing deportations to the extent
743:
have found widespread opposition to immigration reduction. Said survey stated that 63% of
Americans support creating a pathway to citizenship so that formerly illegal residents of the U.S. could gradually acquire it while only 18% back a hypothetical plan to find and deport all illegal residents.
290:
The immigration reduction movement was partly revived by The
Alliance for Stabilizing America's Population coalition. In 1997 members from a range of immigration reduction and environmental organizations met to rededicate themselves to the effort of population stabilization. Organized by
200:
movement grew which believed that immigration needed to be reduced, arguing that immigration was driving most U.S. population growth. These activists founded organizations separate from ZPG which would specifically address immigration issues. Among the important early organizations was
523:
claims that 43% of
Californians polled said that a 3-year moratorium on immigration would be beneficial to the state (compared to 40% who said it would be futile). The America First Party calls for a ten-year moratorium, with only spouses and children of citizens allowed in.
77:
There have been several discernible groups at various times within the United States, which pushed for immigration restrictions, with separate concerns, origins, and aims; thus there are several antecedents for the modern immigration reduction movement. These include the
269:
refused to pursue an appeal of the lower court decision, abandoning
Proposition 187. Residual resentment over the racially divisive campaigns on both sides of the issue made immigration a topic that politicians largely avoided dealing with. A notable exception has been
187:
in 1968. The popular book foretold alarming disasters that would inevitably occur in the next decades. Though some of his predictions did not come to pass, many believe his main points are valid, and they succeeded in inspiring a movement. Environmentalists including
697:
which held that individuals born on U.S. soil to non-citizen parents are U.S. citizens and guaranteed all the rights thereof. They feel that citizenship should be denied to the children of immigrants without valid immigration status. Thus they have sought to end
62:
Many immigration reformists only oppose illegal migration and support continued legal immigration methods. Some immigration reductionists want to reduce current legal immigration percentages until fewer adverse effects are created by illegal migration.
554:
as well as a misguided legal immigration policy, and subsidies to domestic migration. They readily admit that immigration should be reduced by an unspecified amount, but they also show concern for the rights of existing residents.
503:
Immigration reductionists differ on the ideal level of immigration they would like to see into the United States. Some believe the numbers should be set each year at whatever level would, in conjunction with the current
265:, an initiative that limited benefits to illegal aliens that had been authored and promoted by CCIR. However, one federal judge enjoined implementation of parts of the law as unconstitutional, and Democratic governor
2389:
550:, Alan Durning and Christopher Crowther of Northwest Environment Watch write that illegal immigration gets too much attention, and identify five main sources of population growth, including lack of access to
543:
National Alert, the CCN warned that organizations supporting numbers higher than 300,000 undercut the movement, and they specifically criticize the
Federation for American Immigration Reform and NumbersUSA.
347:
and other statistics about immigration in a campaign dubbed "Billboard
Democracy," and publishes an ezine in which the term "Minuteman" was first used (2002) in connection with civilian border patrols. The
2359:
1251:
221:
formed US, Inc. as an incubator and funding source to help form other organizations. According to public tax records, US, Inc, FAIR, and other Tanton organizations have received large donations from the
2374:
2163:
356:
set up an automated system for website visitors to send advocacy faxes to their legislators on immigration topics. Numerous websites, email lists, weblogs, and other resources furthered the effort.
440:
619:, the broadest and strictest anti-illegal immigration measure enacted in the U.S. in generations, explicitly states its intent as implementing the attrition through enforcement strategy.
1859:
513:
2099:
1255:
655:
city councilman Ron Rice, Jr. has proposed a resolution mandating police to report felony suspects when they are found to be in the United States illegally. Furthermore, the
546:
Some groups not connected to the immigration reduction movement nonetheless support a reduction to legal immigration levels of around 500,000 to 600,000. In their 1997 book,
1854:
639:. Section 287(g) provides for the deputization of state and local law enforcement officers, for the purposes of reporting of immigrants who have violated immigration law.
636:
1513:
2649:
2230:
1564:
2277:
516:(PEB), issued an "Immigration Moratorium Action Plan" calling for a "non-piercable" cap of 100,000 persons annually, which would be a 95% cut from current levels.
1925:
508:
and emigration from the U.S., maintain zero population growth in the country. The most prominent immigration reductionist in government today is U.S. Congressman
2718:
55:). Some advocate tightening the requirements for legal immigration requirements to reduce numbers or move the proportions of legal immigrants away from those on
1869:
1661:
699:
196:
took the threat seriously. The Zero
Population Growth organization did not involve itself, for the most part, in U.S. immigration policy, and a subset of the
102:, which objected to greatly increased immigration from southern and eastern Europe during the late-19th and early 20th centuries, and the joint congressional
1864:
2594:
1435:
2748:
2069:
2302:
2012:
794:
2338:
1885:
1454:
Markel, Howard, and Alexandra Minna Stern. "The Foreignness of Germs: The Persistent Association of Immigrants and Disease in American Society,"
1232:
2743:
2599:
2215:
1827:
1822:
1557:
2044:
2024:
1808:
488:
161:
supporting immigration restrictions; the party as a whole never had consensus and officially opposed only the importation of strikebreakers.
1093:
495:(DACA) program; greatly limiting the number of refugees and asylum seekers allowed into the country; and strengthening the southern border.
371:
and generated some controversy. The organizers of the Minuteman Project have announced plans for similar projects in other states including
2379:
2369:
528:
340:
2574:
2235:
705:
Denial of public benefits to undocumented individuals is believed to remove the incentives and rewards for illegal immigrants. The 1994
432:
301:
247:
28:
2609:
2364:
2007:
1839:
1341:
Chisthti, Muzaffar, and Jessica Bolter. "Biden at the One-Year Mark: A Greater Change in Direction on Immigration Than Is Recognized,"
724:
214:
2733:
1550:
1489:
Stern, Alexandra Minna. "From 'Race Suicide' to 'White Extinction': White Nationalism, Nativism, and Eugenics over the Past Century"
310:
251:
94:
which objected to immigration laborers from China to California during the late-19th century, a sentiment that ultimately led to the
1277:
2589:
2307:
2049:
1601:
1008:
774:
2079:
1817:
1813:
1526:
687:
to lower future illegal immigration levels through congressional action, and to fight amnesties for existing illegal immigrants.
512:, R-CO. Tancredo has authored a bill that calls for limiting annual immigration to between 30,000 and 300,000. The organization,
331:
The Internet offered new opportunities for communication by immigration reductionists, as it has with countless other movements.
243:
27:
Immigration reduction refers to a government and social policy in the United States that advocates a reduction in the amount of
2282:
2250:
2074:
1910:
789:
492:
444:
31:
allowed into the country. Steps advocated for reducing the numbers of immigrants include advocating stronger action to prevent
857:
839:
2457:
2723:
2452:
2287:
1380:
2123:
1950:
1890:
1787:
1370:
672:
420:
282:
and the Tanton network, Tancredo has emerged as the most conspicuous voice advocating immigration reduction in Congress.
2064:
815:
805:
740:
532:
367:, in which volunteers came to Arizona to help patrol the border, although this project did not have the support of the
72:
1063:
927:
485:
signing executive orders banning the admission to the United States for residents of multiple, Muslim-majority nations
2225:
943:
706:
320:
Another effort was the coalition formed under the name U.S. Sustainable Population Policy Project (USS3P) in 1996 by
1431:
295:
2422:
2312:
1945:
1722:
1573:
648:
587:
569:
456:
448:
1336:
2432:
2333:
2328:
2131:
1975:
1651:
769:
262:
2193:
1249:
Elizabeth Llorente, "Newark killings become immigration flash point," North Jersey Media Group, August 14, 2007
19:
2584:
2147:
2089:
1147:
656:
609:
520:
231:
99:
1536:
1387:
Expelling the Poor: Atlantic Seaboard States and the Nineteenth-Century Origins of American Immigration Policy
1276:
Tom Baldwin, "State AG broadens officers' power over illegal immigrants" "Gannett New Jersey" August 23, 2007
2728:
2634:
2518:
2384:
2240:
2107:
150:
882:
217:(FAIR), Founded in 1979, it is the largest and best funded organization in the movement. Three years later,
2084:
2017:
1895:
1360:
The Politics of Prejudice: The Anti-Japanese Movement in California and the Struggle for Japanese Exclusion
575:
138:
2738:
1965:
368:
968:
2654:
2644:
2629:
2523:
2508:
2404:
1960:
1717:
1666:
1646:
1630:
1626:
1622:
591:
578:
has been partially constructed to reduce the flow of unauthorized migrants into the United States. The
325:
202:
1542:
1236:
427:
to stop illegal aliens from crossing into the U.S. Trump also vowed to cut off all federal funding to
2394:
1987:
1762:
1392:
Kenny, Kevin. "Mobility and Sovereignty: The Nineteenth-Century Origins of Immigration Restriction."
1211:
1184:
820:
476:
239:
2696:
2624:
2447:
1997:
1970:
1905:
1757:
1656:
1252:"North Jersey Media Group providing local news, sports & classifieds for Northern New Jersey!"
1049:
723:
Many who support reduced immigration numbers oppose association with the more extreme groups. The
403:
from entering the U.S.; ban travel to the US from what he called "terror prone" countries such as
242:. US, Inc and FAIR have provided funding and logistical support to other organizations, including
2442:
1849:
1844:
1767:
1752:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1712:
1691:
1676:
1463:
Risking Immeasurable Harm: Immigration Restriction and US-Mexican Diplomatic Relations, 1924–1932
1278:
http://www.courierpostonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070823/NEWS01/708230422/1006/news01
1101:
115:
106:, which studied this latter complaint and proposed numerical restrictions. Eventually, following
2690:
2115:
640:
480:
1346:
913:"USS3P - U.S. Sustainable Population Policy Project - EcoFuture Population and Sustainability"
2177:
1920:
1915:
1681:
1289:
995:"ASAP! Immigration Moratorium Action Plan for Congress | Population-Environment Balance"
484:
227:
178:
103:
95:
91:
1304:
2569:
2539:
2513:
2503:
2498:
2488:
2245:
2220:
1144:"Attrition Through Enforcement: A Cost-Effective Strategy to Shrink the Illegal Population"
761:
692:
399:
all undocumented immigrants living in the country illegally; limit legal immigration; stop
197:
170:
130:
1411:
Threat of Dissent: A History of Ideological Exclusion and Deportation in the United States
1204:
8:
2478:
2185:
1955:
1792:
1742:
1606:
715:
were written to require proof of legal status in order to receive non-mandated benefits.
711:
275:
255:
183:
111:
79:
36:
1016:
483:. As president he enacted a number of policies aimed at reducing immigration, including
423:
agents; and build a wall along the nation's 3,145 kilometer (1,954 mi) border with
2483:
2272:
2054:
1367:
Culling the Masses: The Democratic Origins of Racist Immigration Policy in the Americas
1189:
784:
779:
728:
652:
525:
2292:
1523:
1484:
Open Hearts, Closed Doors: Immigration Reform and the Waning of Mainline Protestantism
2639:
2614:
2493:
2473:
2297:
2140:
2002:
1477:
The Men and Women We Want: Gender, Race, and the Progressive Era Literacy Test Debate
663:
644:
364:
1124:
2604:
2579:
2255:
1686:
1671:
898:
854:
603:
536:
428:
339:
writers collective in 1999. The year 1999 also saw the founding by Craig Nelson of
279:
2619:
2544:
1772:
1530:
886:
861:
628:
551:
452:
436:
321:
189:
174:
126:
87:
2390:
Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013
1449:
The Chinese Must Go: Violence, Exclusion, and the Making of the Alien in America
1416:
Lee, Erika. "America first, immigrants last: American xenophobia then and now."
1165:
1143:
2669:
2659:
2427:
2155:
1782:
1353:
Guarding the Golden Door: American Immigration Policy and Immigrants since 1882
810:
632:
616:
505:
332:
142:
134:
395:
ran a successful presidential campaign promising to stop illegal immigration;
2712:
2549:
2170:
866:
583:
344:
193:
158:
32:
994:
2674:
2437:
1860:
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) (1996)
1777:
1442:
At America's Gates: Chinese Immigration during the Exclusion Era, 1882-1943
1071:
799:
667:
659:
509:
472:
392:
271:
261:
The movement seemed to be triumphant in 1994 when California voters passed
223:
83:
928:"Trump-O-Meter: Campaign Promises that are about Immigration | PolitiFact"
912:
1900:
1834:
1494:
1397:
727:
has spoken out in 2004 against the views of another reductionist leader,
460:
391:
In 2016 billionaire New York City businessman and television personality
218:
154:
146:
107:
56:
690:
Many immigration restrictionists question the 1898 Supreme Court ruling
2664:
1572:
1377:
The Deportation Machine: America's Long History of Expelling Immigrants
1064:"Work Effectively to Stop Mass Immigration: A National Security Threat"
579:
468:
441:
Deferred Action for Parents of Americans and Lawful Permanent Residents
376:
349:
266:
235:
1037:
2650:
National Korean American Service & Education Consortium (NAKASEC)
2399:
2354:
1870:
American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act (ACWIA) (1998)
1865:
Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) (1997)
1747:
1696:
1308:
44:
40:
1470:
Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America
901:. Population-Environment Balance. June 2005. Accessed July 12, 2008.
291:
Population-Environment Balance, it included such diverse groups as:
285:
149:
did not reverse its opposition to immigration until 1999. The early
2260:
1992:
1982:
1501:
A Nation by Design: Immigration Policy in the Fashioning of America
1428:
America for Americans: A History of Xenophobia in the United States
1125:"Trump wall - all you need to know about US border in seven charts"
684:
380:
353:
133:(1866–1874) campaigned for immigration restrictions as well as the
48:
1855:
Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act (INTCA) 1994
944:"5 Charts That Show Trump's Anti-Immigration Policies Are Working"
889:. Negative Population Growth: Who We Are. Accessed January 5, 209.
631:
supports coordination with federal authorities through the use of
230:. Tanton created US English (an English-only advocacy group), the
1331:
Anbinder, Tyler. "Nativism and prejudice against immigrants," in
879:
558:
519:
There are also some who support a moratorium on immigration. The
412:
400:
360:
52:
153:
was split over the issue, with some Socialist leaders including
2058:
1926:
Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States (2021)
1518:
464:
424:
396:
1886:
American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act (AC21) (2000)
718:
86:
movement of the mid-19th century, which objected to increased
702:, through a constitutional amendment or a congressional act.
416:
408:
372:
336:
23:
Editorial cartoon --Los Angeles Times Nov 14 1920 by E W Gale
1404:
Silent Travelers: Germs, Genes, and the “Immigrant Menace”
1009:"Zogby Poll - Views of Immigration among California Voters"
899:
Signatories - Alliance for Stabilizing America's Population
651:) has sought to deputize his police as immigration agents.
637:
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act
404:
734:
129:
generally favored restrictions, especially from Asia. The
90:
immigration of predominantly Irish and German origin; the
16:
Governmental policy and social reform in the United States
1094:"Northwest Environment Watch - Download Misplaced Blame"
213:
The leading inspiration for the modern movement is the
1185:"U.S.'s Toughest Immigration Law Is Signed in Arizona"
1891:
Legal Immigration Family Equity Act (LIFE Act) (2000)
343:
in New York City, which used billboards to advertise
2595:
Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles
1182:
751:
447:(DACA) which he said were illegal. Although Trump's
1524:
H.R. 946 The Mass Immigration Reduction Act of 2003
1141:
795:History of homeland security in the United States
286:The Alliance for Stabilizing America's Population
2710:
2339:United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints
1365:FitzGerald, David Scott, and David Cook-MartĂn.
1305:"Obama: 'Long past time' for immigration reform"
622:
597:
1205:"State of Arizona: Senate Bill 1070, Section 1"
386:
82:United States American Party, often called the
2719:Anti-immigration politics in the United States
2600:Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform
2278:List of people deported from the United States
559:Proposed methods to reduce illegal immigration
498:
2025:Trump administration family separation policy
1558:
1519:Alliance for Stabilizing America's Population
1418:Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era
1123:Rodgers, Lucy; Bailey, Dominic (2019-01-21).
1122:
739:Some polls such as a late 2013 survey by the
608:Pro-enforcement U.S. think tanks such as the
2075:Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)
1413:(Harvard UP, 2020), on keeping radicals out.
855:Immigration's Dire Effect on the Environment
527:Other advocates for moratoriums include the
521:Diversity Alliance for a Sustainable America
39:, and reductions in non-immigrant temporary
2575:California Coalition for Immigration Reform
719:Differences within immigration reductionism
475:, his proposals found broad support in the
302:California Coalition for Immigration Reform
248:California Coalition for Immigration Reform
238:(another English-only advocacy group), and
2610:Federation for American Immigration Reform
1565:
1551:
1176:
1159:
1157:
941:
725:Federation for American Immigration Reform
678:
215:Federation for American Immigration Reform
2749:Environmental racism in the United States
2385:Uniting American Families Act (2000–2013)
2380:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2007
2370:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2006
2313:Unaccompanied minors from Central America
2070:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
1840:Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986)
1335:ed. by Reed Ueda (2006) pp. 177–201
1296:
1163:
942:Rangarajan, Sinduja (February 24, 2020).
311:Californians for Population Stabilization
296:Brotherhood Organization of a New Destiny
252:Californians for Population Stabilization
2590:Center for Migration Studies of New York
1733:Immigration Act 1917 (Asian Barred Zone)
1602:Nationality law in the American Colonies
1197:
775:Illegal immigration to the United States
18:
2524:"Faithful Patriot" (2018–present)
2080:Executive Office for Immigration Review
1183:Archibold, Randal C. (April 24, 2010).
1154:
735:Public opinion on immigration reduction
463:called Trump's anti-immigrant platform
244:American Immigration Control Foundation
226:and from the foundations controlled by
2711:
2540:California DREAM Act (2006–2010)
1398:https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jaac233
1302:
790:Great replacement in the United States
662:has expanded officers power regarding
493:Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals
445:Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals
2744:Social movements in the United States
1788:Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act (1946)
1546:
1537:U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform
1430:(2019). The major scholarly history;
709:and the 2004 Arizona Proposition 200
586:name for a proposed expansion of the
439:'s two executive amnesties including
2509:"Return to Sender" (2006–2007)
1814:Immigration and Nationality Act 1952
1333:A companion to American immigration,
1303:Frumin, Aliyah (November 25, 2013).
258:(PAN) initiative, Proposition 200.
2195:Department of State v. Muñoz (2024)
2165:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.
2050:Immigration and Customs Enforcement
1652:Act to Encourage Immigration (1864)
1038:http://reformparty.org/platform.htm
673:Immigration and Customs Enforcement
421:Immigration and Customs Enforcement
307:California Wildlife Defenders (CWD)
274:, who was elected to Congress from
59:programs to skills-based criteria.
13:
2283:Mexico–United States border crisis
2065:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
1514:A letter from Samuel Gompers, 1921
1325:
1142:Vaughan, Jessica M. (April 2006).
816:Republicans for Immigration Reform
806:Nativism in United States politics
741:Public Religion Research Institute
563:
205:, founded in 1972 by Donald Mann.
73:Nativism in United States politics
14:
2760:
2504:"Streamline" (2005–present)
2226:Central American migrant caravans
1773:Bracero Program (1942–1964)
1507:
1050:"Michael Peroutka on Immigration"
969:"Tancredo's Stark Tack On Reform"
910:
489:separating families of immigrants
164:
2734:Immigration to the United States
2288:Mexico–United States border wall
1763:Filipino Repatriation Act (1935)
1574:Immigration to the United States
1166:"Downsizing Illegal Immigration"
754:
2045:Department of Homeland Security
1282:
1270:
1243:
1225:
1135:
1116:
1086:
1056:
1042:
1031:
1001:
770:Xenophobia in the United States
316:Carrying Capacity Network (CCN)
121:
2585:Center for Immigration Studies
2514:"Jump Start" (2006–2008)
2499:"Front Line" (2004–2005)
2149:Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting
2090:Office of Refugee Resettlement
1845:American Homecoming Act (1989)
1362:(U of California Press, 1999).
1148:Center for Immigration Studies
987:
961:
934:
919:
904:
892:
873:
847:
832:
657:Attorney General of New Jersey
610:Center for Immigration Studies
514:Population-Environment Balance
455:, and even some of his fellow
232:Center for Immigration Studies
100:Immigration Restriction League
1:
2635:Minuteman Civil Defense Corps
2479:"Peter Pan" (1960–1962)
2241:Eugenics in the United States
1479:(U of Rochester Press, 2010).
1343:Migration Information Source,
826:
623:Intergovernmental cooperation
598:Attrition through enforcement
151:United States Socialist Party
2303:Illegal immigrant population
2085:Board of Immigration Appeals
1921:Executive Order 13780 (2017)
1916:Executive Order 13769 (2017)
1809:UN Refugee Convention (1951)
1723:Gentlemen's Agreement (1907)
1465:(U of Nebraska Press, 2020).
1164:Krikorian, Mark (May 2005).
588:Mexico–United States barrier
576:United States-Mexico barrier
570:Mexico–United States barrier
435:, and immediately terminate
387:Candidate Donald Trump, 2016
139:American Federation of Labor
7:
2724:Environmental controversies
2519:"Phalanx" (2010–2016)
2494:"Endgame" (2003–2012)
2365:McCain–Kennedy (2005)
2355:DREAM Act (2001–2010)
2334:Canada–United States border
2329:Mexico–United States border
1896:H-1B Visa Reform Act (2004)
1758:Tydings–McDuffie Act (1934)
1491:Journal of American History
1394:Journal of American History
747:
499:Targeted immigration levels
369:United States Border Patrol
110:, these studies led to the
66:
10:
2765:
2655:Negative Population Growth
2645:National Immigration Forum
2630:Migration Policy Institute
2405:US Citizenship Act of 2021
1961:Temporary protected status
1743:Emergency Quota Act (1921)
1493:109#2 (2022) pp. 348–361,
707:California Proposition 187
601:
592:presidency of Donald Trump
567:
203:Negative Population Growth
70:
2683:
2558:
2532:
2466:
2413:
2347:
2321:
2204:
2098:
2033:
1988:Security Advisory Opinion
1938:
1878:
1801:
1705:
1639:
1615:
1594:
1581:
1212:Arizona State Legislature
1013:www.diversityalliance.org
860:February 4, 2012, at the
838:Tom Tancredo's 2003 Bill
821:Opposition to immigration
359:The electoral success of
240:The Social Contract Press
2697:Missing in Brooks County
2625:Mexicans Without Borders
2125:US v. Bhagat Singh Thind
1998:National Origins Formula
1682:Chinese Exclusion (1882)
1657:Civil Rights Act of 1866
141:under the leadership of
1976:Central American Minors
1906:Secure Fence Act (2006)
1768:Nationality Act of 1940
1718:Naturalization Act 1906
1692:Immigration Act of 1891
1677:Immigration Act of 1882
1667:Naturalization Act 1870
1647:Naturalization Law 1802
1623:Naturalization Act 1790
1539:(the Jordan Commission)
1458:80 (Dec. 2002), 757–88.
1396:109.2 (2022): 284-297.
1290:"Keeping America Empty"
679:Legislative initiatives
535:presidential candidate
419:; triple the number of
278:in 1994. Together with
254:(CAPS), and the recent
208:
116:Immigration Act of 1924
2691:Borderland (TV series)
2545:Arizona SB 1070 (2010)
2018:Unaccompanied children
1793:Luce–Celler Act (1946)
1583:Relevant colonial era,
1098:www.northwestwatch.org
700:birthright citizenship
641:Morristown, New Jersey
433:birthright citizenship
179:Zero Population Growth
24:
2268:Immigration reduction
2179:Niz-Chavez v. Garland
1783:War Brides Act (1945)
1662:14th Amendment (1868)
1499:Zolberg, Aristide R.
1472:(Princeton UP, 2004).
1461:Montoya, Benjamin C.
1379:(Princeton UP, 2020)
853:Burke, B. Meredith. "
627:Conservative blogger
228:Richard Mellon Scaife
104:Dillingham Commission
96:Chinese Exclusion Act
22:
2729:Human overpopulation
2570:Arizona Border Recon
2550:Alabama HB 56 (2011)
2414:Immigration stations
2348:Proposed legislation
2246:Guest worker program
2221:Brooks County, Texas
2133:US v. Brignoni-Ponce
1850:Immigration Act 1990
1753:Immigration Act 1924
1738:Immigration Act 1918
1728:Immigration Act 1907
1713:Immigration Act 1903
1482:Pruitt, Nicholas T.
1447:Lew-Williams, Beth.
1233:"MichelleMalkin.com"
1068:carryingcapacity.org
762:United States portal
693:U.S. v. Wong Kim Ark
131:National Labor Union
57:family reunification
2489:"Gatekeeper" (1994)
2416:and points of entry
2308:Reverse immigration
2187:Sanchez v. Mayorkas
2100:Supreme Court cases
1956:Visa Waiver Program
1951:Permanent residence
1778:Magnuson Act (1943)
1607:Plantation Act 1740
1533:(The Tancredo bill)
1420:19.1 (2020): 3–18.
1409:Kraut, Julia Rose.
1369:(Harvard UP, 2014)
1074:on 30 November 2004
712:Protect Arizona Now
322:Douglas La Follette
276:Littleton, Colorado
256:Protect Arizona Now
184:The Population Bomb
177:, who both founded
112:Emergency Quota Act
2739:Population ecology
2273:Immigration reform
2109:US v. Wong Kim Ark
2055:U.S. Border Patrol
1971:Green Card Lottery
1939:Visas and policies
1901:Real ID Act (2005)
1835:Refugee Act (1980)
1587:international laws
1576:and related topics
1529:2008-09-18 at the
1503:(Harvard UP, 2006)
1486:(NYU Press, 2021).
1451:(Harvard UP, 2018)
1385:Hirota, Hidetaka.
1190:The New York Times
1104:on 13 January 2004
1019:on 9 December 2004
885:2011-06-08 at the
785:Population control
780:Immigration reform
729:Virginia Abernethy
664:illegal immigrants
653:Newark, New Jersey
533:Constitution Party
173:was stimulated by
135:eight-hour workday
92:Workingman's Party
25:
2706:
2705:
2640:Minuteman Project
2615:Improve The Dream
2533:State legislation
2484:"Babylift" (1975)
2458:Washington Avenue
2453:Sullivan's Island
2375:STRIVE Act (2007)
2298:March for America
2251:Human trafficking
2141:Zadvydas v. Davis
2003:Expedited removal
1934:
1933:
1585:United States and
1475:Petit, Jeanne D.
1456:Milbank Quarterly
645:Donald Cresitello
365:Minuteman Project
352:group founded by
37:illegal migration
2756:
2605:Community Change
2580:CASA of Maryland
2560:Non-governmental
2474:"Wetback" (1954)
2400:RAISE Act (2017)
2360:H.R. 4437 (2005)
1748:Cable Act (1922)
1697:Geary Act (1892)
1687:Scott Act (1888)
1592:
1591:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1544:
1543:
1358:Daniels, Roger.
1351:Daniels, Roger.
1320:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1292:. 24 April 2006.
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1258:on June 16, 2007
1254:. Archived from
1247:
1241:
1240:
1235:. Archived from
1229:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1209:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1161:
1152:
1151:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1100:. Archived from
1090:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1070:. Archived from
1060:
1054:
1053:
1046:
1040:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1015:. Archived from
1005:
999:
998:
991:
985:
984:
982:
980:
965:
959:
958:
956:
954:
938:
932:
931:
923:
917:
916:
908:
902:
896:
890:
877:
871:
870:. June 15, 2000.
851:
845:
836:
764:
759:
758:
757:
683:Others focus on
604:Self-deportation
537:Michael Peroutka
491:; reversing the
429:sanctuary cities
280:Patrick Buchanan
157:and Congressman
114:of 1921 and the
2764:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2679:
2620:Mexica Movement
2563:
2561:
2554:
2528:
2462:
2415:
2409:
2395:SAFE Act (2015)
2343:
2317:
2256:Human smuggling
2231:Economic impact
2209:
2207:
2200:
2094:
2038:
2036:
2029:
1930:
1874:
1802:1950–1999
1797:
1706:1900–1949
1701:
1672:Page Act (1875)
1635:
1611:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1577:
1571:
1531:Wayback Machine
1510:
1402:Kraut, Alan M.
1375:Goodman, Adam.
1345:Jan. 19, 2022,
1328:
1326:Further reading
1323:
1313:
1311:
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1297:
1288:
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1162:
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1121:
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1107:
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1092:
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1057:
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1007:
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993:
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967:
966:
962:
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926:
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905:
897:
893:
887:Wayback Machine
878:
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862:Wayback Machine
852:
848:
837:
833:
829:
760:
755:
753:
750:
737:
721:
681:
666:. She told the
629:Michelle Malkin
625:
606:
600:
572:
566:
564:Border barriers
561:
552:family planning
548:Misplaced Blame
501:
453:Hillary Clinton
437:President Obama
389:
288:
263:Proposition 187
211:
190:David R. Brower
175:Paul R. Ehrlich
167:
127:Organized labor
124:
75:
69:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2762:
2752:
2751:
2746:
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2703:
2701:
2700:
2693:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2670:Save Our State
2667:
2662:
2660:No More Deaths
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
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2300:
2295:
2293:Labor shortage
2290:
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2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2206:Related issues
2205:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2191:
2183:
2175:
2161:
2157:Barton v. Barr
2153:
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1832:
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1828:Section 287(g)
1825:
1823:Section 212(f)
1811:
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1509:
1508:External links
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1269:
1242:
1239:on 2007-10-22.
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1134:
1115:
1085:
1055:
1041:
1030:
1000:
986:
975:. 11 July 2006
960:
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918:
903:
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823:
818:
813:
811:Save Our State
808:
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720:
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680:
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633:Section 287(g)
624:
621:
617:Arizona SB1070
602:Main article:
599:
596:
568:Main article:
565:
562:
560:
557:
506:fertility rate
500:
497:
388:
385:
333:Peter Brimelow
326:David Pimentel
318:
317:
314:
308:
305:
299:
287:
284:
210:
207:
198:overpopulation
181:and published
171:overpopulation
166:
165:Overpopulation
163:
143:Samuel Gompers
123:
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71:Main article:
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911:Elbel, Fred.
907:
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867:Seattle Times
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345:Census Bureau
342:
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194:David Foreman
191:
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180:
176:
172:
169:Concern over
162:
160:
159:Victor Berger
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
137:, as did the
136:
132:
128:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
98:of 1882; the
97:
93:
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81:
74:
64:
60:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
33:illegal entry
30:
21:
2695:
2675:Utah Compact
2438:Ellis Island
2423:Angel Island
2267:
2194:
2186:
2178:
2169:
2168: /
2164:
2156:
2148:
2139:
2132:
2124:
2116:
2108:
1879:21st century
1816: /
1640:19th century
1629: /
1625: /
1616:18th century
1595:Colonial era
1500:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1440:Lee, Erika.
1434:; also see
1427:
1426:Lee, Erika.
1417:
1410:
1403:
1393:
1386:
1376:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1342:
1332:
1312:. Retrieved
1298:
1284:
1272:
1260:. Retrieved
1256:the original
1245:
1237:the original
1227:
1215:. Retrieved
1199:
1193:. p. 1.
1188:
1178:
1169:
1137:
1128:
1118:
1106:. Retrieved
1102:the original
1097:
1088:
1076:. Retrieved
1072:the original
1067:
1058:
1044:
1033:
1021:. Retrieved
1017:the original
1012:
1003:
989:
977:. Retrieved
972:
963:
951:. Retrieved
948:Mother Jones
947:
936:
921:
906:
894:
880:What is NPG?
875:
865:
849:
841:
834:
800:Know Nothing
738:
722:
710:
704:
691:
689:
682:
668:state police
660:Anne Milgram
626:
615:
607:
573:
547:
545:
541:
529:Reform Party
518:
510:Tom Tancredo
502:
473:Islamophobic
393:Donald Trump
390:
358:
335:founded his
330:
319:
289:
272:Tom Tancredo
260:
224:Pioneer Fund
212:
182:
168:
125:
122:Labor unions
84:Know Nothing
76:
61:
26:
2433:East Boston
2117:Ozawa v. US
1946:Visa policy
1911:DACA (2012)
1468:Ngai, Mae.
1314:January 26,
973:Denver Post
953:29 February
590:during the
461:Mitt Romney
457:Republicans
219:John Tanton
155:Jack London
108:World War I
29:immigration
2713:Categories
2665:NumbersUSA
2467:Operations
2448:San Ysidro
2208:and events
2035:Government
1262:August 18,
827:References
584:colloquial
580:Trump wall
469:xenophobic
449:Democratic
377:California
350:NumbersUSA
341:ProjectUSA
267:Gray Davis
236:ProEnglish
41:work visas
2443:Otay Mesa
2322:Geography
2008:Detention
1309:MSNBC.com
1217:April 25,
531:and 2004
477:heartland
43:(such as
2261:Coyotaje
1993:E-Verify
1983:US-VISIT
1527:Archived
1129:BBC News
1108:19 April
1078:19 April
1023:19 April
883:Archived
858:Archived
748:See also
685:lobbying
649:Democrat
479:and the
459:such as
381:Michigan
354:Roy Beck
250:(CCIR),
246:(AICF),
88:Catholic
80:nativist
67:Nativism
2236:Effects
1444:(2003).
1432:excerpt
1406:(1994).
1381:excerpt
1371:excerpt
1355:(2004).
1337:excerpt
1170:CIS.org
802:, 1850s
635:of the
413:Somalia
401:Muslims
361:Arizona
234:(CIS),
147:AFL–CIO
2189:(2021)
2181:(2021)
2174:(2020)
2159:(2020)
2151:(2011)
2144:(2001)
2135:(1975)
2127:(1923)
2119:(1922)
2111:(1898)
2059:BORTAC
2013:Family
1966:Asylum
1495:online
1422:online
1389:(2017)
1347:online
979:18 May
643:mayor
471:, and
465:racist
451:rival
431:, end
425:Mexico
397:deport
379:, and
313:(CAPS)
304:(CCIR)
298:(BOND)
145:. The
1208:(PDF)
582:is a
481:south
417:Syria
409:Libya
373:Texas
337:VDARE
1818:1965
1631:1798
1627:1795
1316:2014
1264:2007
1219:2010
1110:2022
1080:2022
1025:2022
981:2020
955:2020
940:See
925:See
574:The
443:and
415:and
405:Iran
324:and
209:FAIR
192:and
51:and
45:H-1B
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864:."
671:to
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695:,
647:(
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