255:. Children of the primary L-1 can attend school. The spouse of the primary L-1 has an automatic right to work in the United States. Children cannot accept paid employment. The spouse can, but need not, apply with the USCIS for employment authorization after arriving in the United States and, after issuance of the Employment Authorization Document (EAD, Form I-765), may thereafter work for any employer. According to the Social Security Administration, the L-2 spouse is permitted to work, even without an Employment Authorization Document. The spouse may apply directly to
1445:". United States Citizenship and Immigration Services. Retrieved 22 August 2013. "When an alien was initially admitted to the United States in a specialized knowledge capacity and is later promoted to a managerial or executive position, he or she must have been employed in the managerial or executive position for at least six months to be eligible for the total period of stay of seven years. The change to managerial or executive capacity must have been approved by the Service in an amended, new, or extended petition at the time that the change occurred."
271:
continue in business after L-1 visa issuance, or that USCIS approved the petition based on a fraud committed by the company or the visa applicant, or that the applicant is ineligible for that class of visa under section 212(a) of the
Immigration and Naturalization Act. In addition, the consular officer may request that the underlying petition be reconsidered by USCIS.
40:
prior to admission in the US. The US and non-US employers must be related in one of four ways: parent and subsidiary; branch and headquarters; sister companies owned by a mutual parent; or "affiliates" owned by the same or people in approximately the same percentages. One L-1 visa can allow multiple employees entry into the United States.
360:
Critics have taken issue with how the L-1 visa facilitates knowledge transfer to foreign countries and workers. American multinationals such as Intel use
Americans to train L-1 visa workers so that they can return and manage their growing overseas offices. American workers are therefore asked to give
106:
The number of L-1 visas rose throughout the 1990s and early 2000s. During this period, The IT and computer outsourcing firms became major users of the L-1 visa program, with nine of the top ten firms for L-1B visa petitions. Major Indian outsourcing firms such as Tata, Infosys, and Wipro increasingly
270:
Basis for visa denial: A consular officer may deny the issuance of an L-1 visa in cases where the officer determines the U.S. company that filed the L-1 petition may not be qualified, or that the parent, subsidiary, affiliate or branch outside the United States is not qualified or does not intend to
351:
Detractors and government officials have pointed out how the visa program does not define "specialized knowledge" for foreign workers in the L-1B visa category. The
Inspector General for the Department of Homeland Security in 2006 found that the visa "is so broadly defined that adjudicators believe
290:
The
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 (Public Law 114-113), signed into law by President Obama on December 18, 2015, increases fees for certain H-1B and L-1 petitioners who employ 50 or more employees in the United States with more than 50 percent of their employees in the United States in H-1B
379:
Some policy scholars have noted that even as companies say the L-1 visa serves to transition guest workers into naturalized U.S. workers, employers have done little to sponsor these visa workers for green cards. In 2008, Intel and Exxon Mobil sponsored none of its L-1 visa workers for green cards
334:
A key problem that critics and labor experts have with the L-1 visa is that the program has no minimum wage requirement or wage protections, meaning companies can pay L-1 visa workers a far lower salary while in the United States. In one example, The U.S. Department of Labor fined
Electronics for
266:
An I-797 Notice of Action showing the approval of the visa petition does not guarantee that a visa will be issued at the U.S. consulate or embassy, but L-1 visas are normally approved if the consular officer concludes that the individual is qualified and that both the U.S. company and the foreign
78:
According to USCIS data, the largest employers to receive L-1 visas in 2019 were Tata
Consultancy with 1,542 approved L-1 visa petitions, Infosys with 517, Amazon with 455, Cognizant with 382, and Deloitte with 305. Between 2015 and 2019, Tata Consultancy received the greatest number of L-1 visas
39:
L-1 visas are available to employees of an international company with offices in both the United States and abroad. The visa allows such foreign workers to relocate to the corporation's US office after having worked abroad for the company for at least one continuous year within the previous three
247:
Applicants who are in the United States at the time of the filing of the I-129 can request a change of status from their present nonimmigrant status (i.e. visitor, student, etc.), so long as they are in status at the time of the filing of the I-129. If they go out of status after the filing, but
299:
L-1 status may be renewed and extended within the United States. Except in the case of blanket petitions, a new I-129 petition must be filed. Renewal in the United States applies to status only, not the actual visa in the passport. For visa renewal, the applicant must go to a U.S. consulate or
227:
In the case of a blanket visa L1 petition, it has already been determined by USCIS that the company qualifies for the issuance of
Intracompany Transferee visa, so the individual visa applicant need only file a copy of the approved blanket petition, along with documents supporting their personal
308:
A petition to change status to visa L1A may be filed on behalf of a foreign national in L-1B status in order for the individual to move into a managerial position or an executive position. In order for the L-1B worker to be eligible for the full 7 years of L-1 status typically provided to L-1A
88:
Congress created the L-1 visa in 1970. It was introduced as a "noncontroversial amendment" for multinational
American firms. The original visa required that the work tenure correspond directly prior to applying for the company transfer. Congress originally did not define "specialized
243:
Notice of approval of the Form I-129 is given by the USCIS on a Notice of Action, Form I-797, and using this as the basis of the application, the alien may apply for visa issuance at a consulate or embassy of the United States in the country having jurisdiction over their residence.
74:
Since 2000, Indian nationals are the largest receivers of L-1 visas. The number of L-1 visas given to Indian nationals jumped from 4.5 percent in 1997 to 43.8 percent in 2006. In 2019, Indian nationals received 18,354 L-1 visas, accounting for 23.8% of all L-1 visas issued in 2019.
923:
317:
A person in L-1 status generally may work only for the petitioning company. If the L-1 worker enters based on an L-1 blanket, however, it generally is possible for the worker to be moved in the same capacity to any other related company listed on the blanket.
882:
199:
After the expiration of the 7 or 5 years respectively, the foreign national can generally only qualify for L-1 status again by working abroad for at least 1 year for the parent, subsidiary, affiliate or branch office of the U.S. company.
291:
or L (including L-1A and L-1B) nonimmigrant status. These petitioners must submit an additional fee of $ 4,000 for certain H-1B petitions and $ 4,500 for certain L-1A and L-1B petitions postmarked on or after
December 18, 2015.
1627:
1621:
1377:
31:
for the purpose of work in L-1 status. It is a non-immigrant visa, and is valid for a relatively short amount of time, from three months (for Iran nationals) to five years (India, Japan, Germany), based on a
103:, and split the act into two categories, L-1A and L-1B. Dual intent allowed foreigners on a non-immigrant temporary visa, the ability to apply for a green card. In 1990, there were 14,341 L-1 visa issuances.
281:
If the person is a
Canadian citizen applying for admission as an L-1 under the North American Free Trade Agreement, the petition may be filed at the port of entry when the person applies for admission.
757:
for tourism for up to 30 days. The L-1 visa must be stamped in the passport and be valid for at least six months. The passport needs to be valid for at least six months after entering Costa Rica.
278:), L-1 applicants may not be denied a visa on the basis that they are an intending immigrant to the United States, or that they do not have a residence abroad which they do not intend to abandon.
240:
along with supporting documentation showing that both the U.S. company and the foreign parent, subsidiary, affiliate or branch meet the qualifying factors set forth in the law and regulations.
300:
embassy outside the United States. An alien cannot leave the United States and then reenter without a valid L-1 visa, and must appear personally before a consular officer for visa issuance.
309:
workers, the petition must be approved by United States Citizenship and Immigration Services at least 6 months prior to the individual reaching the 5-year maximum period in L-1B status.
263:. The documents required for the L-2 Social Security number application are the same as the L-1 holder, but with the addition of either the EAD or an original marriage certificate.
1519:
71:
In 2019, the largest occupation category for L-1A and L-1B workers were custom computer programming services, with 35.8% and 18.8% of total petitions approved, respectively.
1405:
For COAs displaying a double asterisk (**) (non-immigrant E-1, E-2, and L-2 classifications), the spouse is also authorized to work without specific DHS authorization.
865:
1339:
1633:
1502:
368:
laid off computer programmers Patricia Fluno and Mike Emmons, they had to train their foreign L-1 visa replacements to receive their severance.
1477:
1198:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
1660:
150:
228:
qualifications, with the U.S. consulate or embassy having jurisdiction over their place of residence proving the applicant's qualifications
1536:
774:
1228:
Department of Homeland Security Office of the Inspector General, “Review of Vulnerabilities and Potential Abuses of the L-1 Visa Program,”
68:
The number of L-1 visa workers have grown from 140,810 in 1997 to 374,234 foreign visa workers in 2017, a 165.7% increase in two decades.
1935:
1763:
361:
away their knowledge to an up and coming foreign competitor while allowing companies to export their job more easily in the near future.
251:
Upon application at the consulate or embassy, the spouse and children of the primary applicant who are under the age of 21 may be issued
2444:
2253:
2081:
2076:
2060:
2013:
2008:
2003:
848:
107:
used the L-1 visa to staff American multinational corporations. Half of Tata's workers brought to the United States came on L-1 visas.
221:
62:
1442:
1016:
999:
1554:
1097:(Order No. 10825243). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global; Social Science Premium Collection. (2074816399).
1067:
1050:
236:
Application to an L-1 visa begins with the filing of a petition with the U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Services (USCIS) on
92:
In 1980, the State Department issued 26,535 L-1 visas. In the late 1980s, the number of L-1 visa entries averaged 60,000-70,000.
1033:
2434:
170:
In 2013, the Office of the Inspector General within DHS released a report, titled, "Implementation of L-1 visa Regulation".
111:
48:
1653:
1312:
1238:
1178:
1133:
1669:
1266:
1417:
256:
1095:
Highly skilled immigration in the united states in an age of globalization: An institutional and agency approach
335:
Imaging $ 3,500 for paying its L-1 visa workers $ 1.21 an hour and working some of them up to 122 hours a week.
2139:
982:
167:
In 2011, the number of L-1 visa approvals was 33,301, with 80.8% of visa approvals going to Indian nationals.
1646:
343:
Some industry representatives have accused companies of utilizing the L-1 program to replace U.S. workers.
156:
The report recommended verification of applications by State Department officials in the relevant country.
136:
In 2004, the House of Representatives Committee on International Relations held a hearing on the L-1 visa.
140:
1289:"Bridge to Immigration or Cheap Temporary Labor? The H-1B & L-1 Visa Programs Are a Source of Both"
778:
274:
For an L-1 visa applicant, "dual Intent" is allowed: unlike some classes of non-immigrant visas (e.g.,
1313:"Guestworkers in the high-skill U.S. labor market: An analysis of supply, employment, and wage trends"
411:
248:
before approval, there is no negative consequence, and the person does not accrue unlawful presence.
1161:
965:
2439:
1750:
173:
In 2015, Senators Grassley and Senator Durbin introduced the H-1B and L-1 Visa Reform Act of 2015.
1353:
823:
96:
899:
260:
952:
941:
117:
Between 1998 and 2002, the number of L-1 visas granted increased 50% from 38,667 to 58,000.
8:
371:
The workers brought on visas via Tata Consultancy made a third the wage of an American.
43:
Spouses of L-1 visa holders are allowed to work without restriction in the US (using an
1601:
114:
had provisions regarding intracompany transfers between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico.
47:) incident to status, and the L-1 visa may legally be used as a stepping stone to a
1638:
1455:
210:
visas, which must be applied for and approved for each individual by the USCIS; and
55:. In 2019, there were 13,839 new work authorizations for L-1 visa spouses to work.
1107:
1389:
133:
In fiscal year 2004, the number of L-1B visas surpassed the number of L-1A visas.
24:
1555:"Visa's use provokes opposition by techies / L-1 regarded as threat to workers"
802:
61:
The government approves 97% of L-1 visa petitions. Between 1997 and 2019, the
2428:
485:
28:
498:
2099:
1478:"Workers paid $ 1.21 an hour to install Fremont tech company's computers"
1288:
100:
52:
120:
By 2000, Immigration and National Service recorded 294,658 visa entries.
1915:
754:
237:
130:
In 2003, the Senate Judiciary Committee held a hearing on the L-1 visa.
2354:
2313:
2308:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1910:
1905:
1758:
146:
In 2004, the number of L-1B visas exceeded the number of L-1A visas.
2248:
2243:
2206:
2157:
2152:
2055:
2050:
2034:
1998:
1982:
1977:
1961:
1945:
1940:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1784:
1779:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1503:
Little-known temporary visas for foreign tech workers depress wages
459:
275:
252:
216:
visas, which are available to employers that meet certain criteria.
124:
44:
753:
An individual with a valid L-1 visa does not need a visa to enter
220:
For a regular L-1 visa, the company must file a petition with the
79:
with 8,206 L-1 visas, followed by Cognizant with 4,774 L-1 visas.
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
1068:"Abuses in the L-Visa Program: Undermining the U.S. Labor Market"
424:
365:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2227:
2222:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2147:
1862:
1714:
1709:
352:
they have little choice but to approve almost all petitions.”
2299:
1537:
Americans are losing jobs to a visa program. Can it be fixed?
983:"USCIS: Approved L-1 Petitions by Employer: Fiscal Year 2019"
827:
389:
Top 10 L-1 employers by petitions approved, Fiscal Year 2019
1602:
Situations That Do Not Need Tourist Visa to Enter Costa Rica
326:
The L-1 visa program has been criticized for many reasons.
127:, the authorization to work freely within the United States.
2091:
195:
for workers with specialized knowledge, valid up to 5 years
355:
123:
In 2002, Congress allowed L-1 visa spouses, who are on an
1371:
1267:"The L-1 Visa and American Interests in the 21st Century"
924:"Summary of Approved L-1 Petitions by Employers for 2019"
472:
1354:"Analysis of the "H-1B and L-1 Visa Reform Act of 2015""
267:
parent, subsidiary, affiliate or branch are legitimate.
1162:"L Visas: Losing Jobs Through Laissez-Faire Policies?"
849:"Form I-765 Application for Employment Authorization"
312:
303:
1668:
36:. With extensions, the maximum stay is seven years.
164:
In 2010, the number of issued L-1 visas was 74,719.
1628:L-1B Intracompany Transferee Specialized Knowledge
224:and each petition is evaluated on its own merits.
161:Between 2004 and 2008, L-1 visa use increased 34%.
1622:L-1A Intracompany Transferee Executive or Manager
1448:
189:for executives and managers, valid up to 7 years.
153:Inspector General issued a report on the L visa.
2426:
329:
797:
795:
1418:"New Law Increases H-1B and L-1 Petition Fees"
1108:"Testimony by Stephen Yale-Loehr on L-1 Visas"
883:"State Department Visa Issuance FY1997-FY2021"
535:2000-2022 State Department L-1 Visa Issuances
1654:
1390:"Employment Authorization for Non-immigrants"
151:United States Department of Homeland Security
1596:
1594:
1592:
1456:"Foreign Affairs Manual - 9 FAM 402.12-8(I)"
942:"Globalization of the High-Tech Labor Force"
824:"Chapter 2 - Employment-Based Nonimmigrants"
792:
380:after receiving 226 and 207, respectively.
1661:
1647:
1518:Tamen, Joan Fleischer (August 10, 2013). "
767:
748:
82:
58:In 2022, the agency approved 72,958 visas.
1606:Embassy of Costa Rica in Washington, D.C.
1589:
374:
63:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
1134:"Implementation of L-1 Visa Regulations"
346:
1535:Velasco, Schuyler (February 3, 2016). "
866:"State Department Visa Issuance FY2022"
816:
735:
356:Job Offshoring & Knowledge Transfer
203:There are two types of L-1 procedures:
65:(USCIS) approved 1.5 million L-1 visas.
2427:
1340:"H-1B and L-1 Visa Reform Act of 2015"
900:"The Facts About the L‑1 Visa Program"
231:
1642:
1576:
1574:
1552:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1261:
1259:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1193:
1191:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1089:
1087:
1051:"2018 L-1 Visa Petitions by Employer"
1034:"2017 L-1 Visa Petitions by Employer"
1017:"2016 L-1 Visa Petitions by Employer"
1000:"2015 L-1 Visa Petitions by Employer"
977:
975:
338:
177:
1501:Costa, Daniel (November 11, 2014). "
939:
894:
892:
182:The L-1 visa has two subcategories:
1435:
1141:DHS Office of the Inspector General
112:North American Free Trade Agreement
13:
1571:
1276:
1256:
1215:
1188:
1147:
1121:
1084:
972:
383:
313:Limits on employment authorization
304:Change of Status from L-1B to L-1A
14:
2456:
2445:Employment of foreign-born people
1615:
889:
1670:United States nonimmigrant visas
1580:
1239:"A Mainframe-Size Visa Loophole"
1546:
1529:
1512:
1495:
1470:
1410:
1382:
1346:
1332:
1305:
1231:
1171:
1100:
1060:
1043:
1026:
1009:
992:
139:In 2004, President Bush signed
1634:Visas for foreign tech workers
1394:Social Security Administration
1199:"Nonimmigrant Visa Statistics"
933:
916:
875:
858:
841:
1:
760:
543:Number of L-1 Visa Issuances
330:No Wage and Labor Protections
1608:Retrieved December 10, 2018.
1553:Kirby, Carrie (2003-05-25).
1520:Visa Holders Replace Workers
321:
7:
2435:United States visas by type
294:
141:L-1 Visa Reform Act of 2004
99:expanded the visa, made it
16:US work visa classification
10:
2461:
1458:. U.S. Department of State
1443:8 C.F.R. §214.2(l)(15)(ii)
779:Bureau of Consular Affairs
741:Includes related companies
2391:
2363:
2322:
2298:
2263:Human trafficking victims
2262:
2236:
2215:
2199:
2166:
2138:
2090:
2069:
2043:
2022:
1991:
1970:
1954:
1898:
1855:
1829:
1793:
1772:
1749:
1723:
1702:
1676:
1541:Christian Science Monitor
1320:Economic Policy Institute
1293:Economic Policy Institute
1072:Economic Policy Institute
412:Tata Consultancy Services
1751:Northern Mariana Islands
1378:L1 Visa Guidelines USCIS
1093:Gonzalez, M. F. (2018).
803:"Intracompany Transfers"
775:"Reciprocity by Country"
477:Computer systems design
451:Computer Systems Design
285:
749:Use for other countries
503:Oil and gas technology
97:Immigration Act of 1990
83:Policy History Timeline
2237:Witnesses / informants
1179:"1990 Immigration Act"
960:Cite journal requires
464:Professional services
375:Bridge to Immigration?
261:Social Security Number
51:under the doctrine of
2140:Extraordinary ability
2023:Intracompany transfer
525:Computer programming
514:Computer programming
490:Computer programming
429:Computer programming
416:Computer programming
347:Poor Skill Definition
1992:Family of US Citizen
440:Electronic Shopping
34:reciprocity schedule
2392:Visa Waiver Program
2366:permanent residents
2044:Vocational Students
1583:Outsourcing America
536:
390:
232:Application process
2167:Athletes, artists,
2070:SK visa dependents
1955:Media / journalist
534:
405:Approved Petitions
388:
339:Worker Replacement
259:for issuance of a
178:Types of L-1 Visas
27:used to enter the
2422:
2421:
2200:Cultural exchange
1971:Cultural Exchange
1424:. 12 January 2016
731:
730:
532:
531:
400:Employer industry
2452:
1899:Temporary worker
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1482:The Mercury News
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1203:travel.state.gov
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1004:
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979:
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948:
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940:Lazonick, Bill.
937:
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920:
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913:
911:
910:
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879:
873:
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537:
533:
391:
387:
2460:
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2449:
2440:Foreign workers
2425:
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2423:
2418:
2387:
2365:
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2318:
2294:
2258:
2232:
2211:
2195:
2168:
2162:
2134:
2086:
2065:
2039:
2018:
1987:
1966:
1950:
1894:
1851:
1825:
1794:Treaty investor
1789:
1768:
1745:
1719:
1698:
1672:
1667:
1618:
1613:
1612:
1599:
1590:
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2429:Categories
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1564:2023-02-17
1488:2023-02-08
1428:2016-01-13
1400:2011-12-30
1364:2023-02-28
1325:2023-02-13
1298:2023-02-08
1249:2023-02-13
1208:2023-03-26
1077:2023-02-08
909:2023-03-26
784:25 January
761:References
755:Costa Rica
448:Cognizant
238:Form I-129
49:green card
2364:Family of
2216:Religious
1703:Temporary
1462:22 August
322:Criticism
276:J-1 visas
253:L-2 visas
1856:Official
1830:Students
1507:The Hill
1115:Congress
522:Sapient
511:Genpact
460:Deloitte
295:Renewals
125:L-2 visa
45:L-2 visa
21:L-1 visa
1773:Crewman
1724:Transit
1630:(USCIS)
1624:(USCIS)
1358:CIS.org
727:72,958
719:24,863
711:35,228
703:76,988
695:74,388
687:78,178
679:79,306
671:78,537
663:71,513
655:66,700
647:62,430
639:70,728
631:74,719
623:64,696
615:84,078
607:84,532
599:72,613
591:65,458
583:62,700
575:57,245
567:57,721
559:59,384
551:54,963
437:Amazon
425:Infosys
366:Siemens
2130:NATO-7
2125:NATO-6
2120:NATO-5
2115:NATO-4
2110:NATO-3
2105:NATO-2
2100:NATO-1
1559:SFGATE
833:18 Feb
419:1,542
2300:USMCA
1916:H-1B1
1422:USCIS
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828:USCIS
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716:2021
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668:2015
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540:Year
364:When
286:Costs
222:USCIS
23:is a
2355:SIJS
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1936:H-2R
1931:H-2B
1926:H-2A
1921:H-1C
1911:H-1B
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1816:E-3D
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1759:CW-1
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966:help
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