215:), described courtesans (the beautiful but fleeting flowers) and geisha (the resilient willow, often bending in fierce weather but never snapping) as contrasting elements, with geisha embodying loyalty to their patrons. This concept came to embody geisha so entirely that rival political factions often patronised entirely different geisha quarters, with the geisha of each staying loyal to their customers. Geisha, alongside rogue warriors, also became the common subject of many kabuki plays revolving around duty versus one's own feelings.
1155:
139:
By too flagrant a display of his affluence, a townsman ran the risk of having his wealth confiscated. A merchant's home therefore was likely to have had an unassuming exterior, yet to have been full of treasures. He might have worn a sober, plain wool kimono – with an exquisite silk lining. Opulence
115:
by those officially lower in the social hierarchy as a way of preserving the status of the upper classes; this included edicts of dress preventing the lower classes from visibly appearing to be above their social class. Though dress edicts had little impact on much of the working classes, who had
277:
also encompasses ideals of spontaneity and originality, with it being considered stylish to appear spontaneous and carefree, even if the efforts undertaken to appear as such happen to be considerably involved; a lack of self-consciousness, and being considered naturally, casually chic are core
248:
is commonly used in both conversation and writing, having had a lasting effect on the development and continuation of
Japanese aesthetics in the modern day, despite not necessarily being considered exclusive of other categories of Japanese aesthetic concepts and ideals, such as
116:
little access to wealth allowing them to purchase new and expensive silk kimono, the merchant classes – socially impoverished but monetarily powerful – were directly hit by these laws, as changes had, over time, led them to control much of Japan's economy.
154:, with the former having to display wealth with no subtlety as a form of social dominance, and the latter having no access to any kind of opulence, and no choice to appear as anything but impoverished.
163:, typically through ideals of a clear, stylish manner and blunt, unwavering directness, regardless of circumstance, heartbreak or individual feeling; stories of rogue warriors choosing duty (
193:, not just for their contrasting and subdued appearance in the face of flashier courtesans, but for their reputation as unwaveringly loyal; a popular name for the pleasure quarters, the
1862:
57:
ideal of subdued displays of taste and/or wealth, with an emphasis on belying, on first glance, the efforts taken to appear stylish. It is thought to have originated amongst the
2165:
125:
as an expression of the now-underground nature of the merchant classes' wealth; to obey the law was too safe, and to blatantly flout it too dangerous, leading to the rise of
3415:
322:(1899–1972) is considered, through his more poetic style focusing on the interior "complex" of his characters, to be more closely aligned with the aesthetic ideal of
886:
226:
308:
is not used to describe natural phenomena, but may be expressed in an appreciation of natural beauty, or of nature of human beings. The writings of author
2150:
2202:
2160:
2155:
2145:
879:
363:
can be said to reference a highly cultivated (but not necessarily solemn) sensibility, or a refined understanding of a particular matter.
452:
sensibility resists being construed within the context of overly specific rules about what could be considered as vulgar or uncouth.
265:
is considered to be an expression of carefully calculated simplicity, the ideal being that a mundane appearance would be considered
3370:
2678:
872:
2927:
76:, subverting class through an expression of material wealth that formed an aesthetic language specifically aimed at one's peers.
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17:
636:
2137:
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2195:
813:
798:
748:
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721:
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2045:
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sometimes involves excessive obsession and cultural (but not academic) pedantry, and in this case, it differs from
2272:
2235:
3400:
2075:
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2188:
1300:
1098:
790:
2705:
2244:
2226:
2050:
1991:
1336:
572:
but not identical, reflecting various regional differences. The contexts of their usages are also different.
431:
can also refer to situations/objects. In both ideals, the property of refinement is not academic in nature.
3405:
3294:
2683:
3341:
3087:
157:
Despite this, individual warriors considered to be upper class came to be depicted commonly as embodying
732:
3258:
2355:
3336:
2628:
1114:
729:
The
Structure of Detachment: the Aesthetic Vision of Kuki Shūzō with a translation of "Iki no kōzō."
939:
764:
776:
3082:
819:
1448:
97:, amongst other cultural aspects, are thought to have been influenced by and developed through
619:
616:
3331:
3266:
2899:
2498:
2395:
1524:
896:
271:
in the context of the viewer's understanding of the effort undertaken to achieve the result.
2783:
2098:
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952:
853:
31:
2843:
1316:
8:
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2688:
2565:
2521:
2055:
1490:
1233:
1004:
692:
3033:
3276:
2642:
1628:
840:"An Aesthetics of Everyday Life: Modernism and a Japanese popular aesthetic ideal, Iki"
633:
2180:
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2267:
1580:
1511:
1435:
1194:
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809:
794:
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is used, for example, in knowing how to properly appreciate (eat) Japanese cuisines (
319:
79:
Sometimes misunderstood in the West as the archetypal or stereotypical aesthetics of
1347:
1323:
864:
111:
During the Edo period, a number of edicts were passed by the ruling samurai classes
89:
is instead a cornerstone of traditional
Japanese aesthetic appeal and thought. Both
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3053:
3014:
1736:
1709:
1080:
705:
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112:
3322:
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2021:
979:
822:. (1997) 'Iki, Style, Trace: Shuzo Kuki and the Spirit of Hermeneutics' in
626:
2547:
752:
3351:
3237:
3147:
3048:
2583:
1503:
1386:
1361:
925:
300:
may exhibit traits of other aesthetics in a direct and unabashed manner.
54:
2881:
2386:
2277:
1469:
708:. (1982). "A Dialogue on Language: between a Japanese and an Inquirer."
144:
In this way, both the samurai and lower working classes were considered
3135:
2950:
2733:
2453:
2028:
2000:
1966:
1354:
1330:
393:
is more focused in knowledge, it may be considered superficial from an
318:
through their clear and unflinching writing style. In contrast, author
132:
80:
70:
2872:
1952:
1635:
290:
may be considered the antithesis of other
Japanese aesthetics such as
3356:
3285:
3174:
3005:
2890:
2610:
2444:
2435:
2346:
2119:
2014:
1980:
1774:
1702:
1517:
1497:
1187:
252:
27:
Japanese aesthetical ideal of subdued expressions of taste and wealth
1642:
58:
3375:
3313:
3210:
3156:
2982:
2480:
2369:
1934:
1823:
1809:
1795:
1767:
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1742:
1573:
1559:
1538:
1476:
1399:
1309:
532:
2742:
2112:
1892:
1871:
1670:
1656:
1649:
1614:
1566:
1531:
224:
became widespread in modern intellectual circles through the book
3361:
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3202:
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3101:
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2471:
2462:
2413:
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1973:
1959:
1906:
1885:
1844:
1830:
1816:
1621:
1455:
1406:
1392:
1201:
1038:
1013:
946:
374:
2529:
1154:
1128:
629:; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum,
3110:
3024:
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2814:
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1802:
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1607:
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1545:
1483:
1441:
1263:
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958:
536:
387:
can be transferred from person to person in form of "tips." As
291:
184:
178:
94:
90:
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3119:
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73:
66:
2619:
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2007:
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145:
135:
and a neo-hierarchy within a specific societal peer group.
806:
Yoshiwara: The
Glittering World of the Japanese Courtesan.
181:, a form of theatre popular within the merchant classes.
62:
2210:
672:
Geisha: A Unique World of
Tradition, Elegance, and Art.
3376:
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3323:
3314:
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857:
843:
689:
Geisha: A Unique World of
Tradition, Elegance, and Art
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171:) over often pained and tormented personal feelings (
3416:
Words and phrases with no direct
English translation
103:, and remain largely influenced by it to this day.
419:are considered synonymous in some situations, but
757:Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005).
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493:
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347:
37:
826:Vol. 47, Nr. 4, October 1997, p. 554-580.
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500:
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356:
46:
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200:
2203:
2189:
887:
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783:Authenticating Culture in Imperial Japan:
634:Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File
598:
381:etc.), or in judging the quality of wine.
334:is strongly tied to stylistic tendencies.
113:restricting expressions of material wealth
30:"Tsū" redirects here. For other uses, see
3371:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates
808:Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
405:cannot be easily attained by learning.
14:
3393:
2184:
868:
425:exclusively refers to persons, while
787:and the Rise of National Aesthetics.
607:Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "
24:
681:
140:was channeled into subtle details.
25:
3427:
830:
328:, displaying that the concept of
312:(born 1949) are considered to be
237:
2046:Architectural Institute of Japan
1153:
443:, which will not be obsessive.
2076:Groups of Traditional Buildings
804:Seigle, Cecila Segawa. (1993).
119:This led to the development of
2379:Light skin in Japanese culture
791:University of California Press
664:
13:
1:
2245:Blood type personality theory
2211:Japanese social concepts and
2051:Japan Institute of Architects
661:. Vintage Random House, 2000.
591:
278:concepts of being considered
3295:Japanese blue collar workers
177:) became popular stories in
7:
3377:
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842:—A modern approach towards
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551:is also represented by the
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210:the flower and willow world
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127:
121:
99:
85:
38:
10:
3432:
3411:Japanese words and phrases
1151:
733:University of Hawaii Press
463:
106:
51:, roughly "chic, stylish")
29:
3257:
3066:
2801:
2794:
2641:
2520:
2356:Japanese political values
2219:
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837:(In English and Japanese)
687:Gallagher, John. (2003).
556:
501:
480:
357:
47:
824:Philosophy East and West
820:Botz-Bornstein, Thorsten
781:Pincus, Leslie. (1996).
765:Harvard University Press
346:The indefinite ideal of
187:also came to be seen as
3300:Japanese business terms
3272:Business card etiquette
3083:Japanese street fashion
727:Nara, Hiroshi. (2004).
455:
284:. Though the nature of
3401:Concepts in aesthetics
1417:Structural and spatial
710:On The Way to Language
522:
337:
142:
3332:Labor unions in Japan
897:Japanese architecture
856:—A classic theory of
399:point of view, since
137:
18:Iki (aesthetic ideal)
2220:Sociocultural values
953:Imperial Crown Style
513:", is synonymous to
227:The Structure of Iki
32:TSU (disambiguation)
3406:Japanese aesthetics
3337:Lifetime employment
2689:Japanese honorifics
2056:Metabolist Movement
760:Japan encyclopedia.
693:Sterling Publishing
539:area, the ideal of
3342:Management culture
2762:Sitting positions
2138:National Treasures
1953:Chōzuya (Temizuya)
620:Japan Encyclopedia
486:is the antonym of
3388:
3387:
3253:
3252:
2298:Hara hachi bun me
2268:Celibacy syndrome
2178:
2177:
2174:
2173:
1512:Nightingale floor
1436:Disordered piling
1375:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1168:Types of building
1149:
1148:
1145:
1144:
773:978-0-674-01753-5
712:. San Francisco:
706:Heidegger, Martin
507:, literally "non-
320:Kawabata Yasunari
131:as both a visual
16:(Redirected from
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3056:Yamato nadeshiko
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3015:Net cafe refugee
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2684:Honorific speech
2679:Dining etiquette
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714:Harper & Row
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670:Gallaher, John.
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81:Japanese culture
59:merchant classes
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3020:Parasite single
2930:
2795:Types of people
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2784:Other positions
2714:
2663:Bowing in Japan
2646:
2637:
2516:
2510:Yamato-damashii
2250:Brother complex
2215:
2209:
2179:
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2088:Japanese garden
2060:
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1945:Outdoor objects
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682:Further reading
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560:. The sense of
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310:Murakami Haruki
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1161:Himeji Castle
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854:九鬼周造『「いき」の構造』
851:(In Japanese)
849:
846:
841:
835:
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825:
821:
818:
815:
814:0-8248-1488-6
811:
807:
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799:0-520-20134-5
796:
792:
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777:OCLC 58053128
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749:9780824828059
746:
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741:9780824827359
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722:0-06-063859-1
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698:
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657:Dalby, Liza.
654:
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641:archive.today
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467:
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446:Overall, the
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367:
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3347:Nenko system
3259:Work culture
3049:Yakuza ranks
2926:
2710:
2647:social norms
2538:
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2125:
2118:
2111:
2104:
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2020:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1992:Measurements
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1972:
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1958:
1951:
1933:
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1918:
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1193:
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1029:
1026:
1019:
1012:
985:
978:
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964:
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917:
895:Elements of
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709:
691:. New York:
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666:
658:
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627:Google Books
621:
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349:
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294:, at times,
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118:
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78:
65:(modern-day
39:
36:
3352:Office lady
3150:Netto-uyoku
3067:Subcultures
2994:Kyōiku mama
2931: [
2715: [
2706:Gift-giving
1753:Furnishings
1380:Roof styles
763:Cambridge:
55:aesthetical
3395:Categories
3325:Kyariaūman
3088:Genderless
2953:Hikikomori
2736:Giri choco
2522:Aesthetics
2456:Omotenashi
2151:Residences
2092:rock (Zen)
1863:Partitions
1597:Approaches
1108:Daibutsuyō
1046:Ishi-no-ma
789:Berkeley:
785:Kuki Shūzō
731:Honolulu:
592:References
232:Kuki Shūzō
230:(1930) by
133:dogwhistle
71:Edo period
3357:Salaryman
3288:Ho-Ren-Sō
3177:Akiba-kei
3008:Otokonoko
2893:Burakumin
2643:Etiquette
2613:Wabi-sabi
2550:Jo-ha-kyū
2447:Nemawashi
2438:Mottainai
2349:Isagiyosa
2120:Wabi-sabi
1967:Ishigantō
1775:Emakimono
1710:Daidokoro
1703:Chashitsu
1684:Mihashira
1518:Onigawara
1498:Nakazonae
1337:Main Hall
1324:Hōkyōintō
1226:Religious
1188:Chashitsu
1159:Model of
1115:Ōbaku Zen
1081:Sumiyoshi
1028:Hiyoshi (
997:Religious
325:wabi-sabi
253:wabi-sabi
242:The term
218:The term
3378:Zaibatsu
3316:Keiretsu
3213:Shotacon
3187:moe zoku
3159:Omorashi
3076:Bōsōzoku
2985:Jouhatsu
2911:Chūnibyō
2884:Bishōnen
2483:Tsundoku
2389:Fudōshin
2372:Kotodama
2280:Gekokujō
1935:Tsuitate
1824:Mitamaya
1810:Kamidana
1796:Getabako
1768:Chabudai
1761:Butsudan
1743:Washitsu
1574:Tsumairi
1560:Tokonoma
1539:Tamagaki
1477:Katsuogi
1470:Katōmado
1400:Karahafu
1310:Butsuden
1301:Buddhist
1136:Zenshūyō
1122:Setchūyō
1099:Buddhist
1021:Hachiman
637:Archived
622:, p. 379
576:See also
533:Kamigata
196:karyūkai
3364:Shinise
3307:Karoshi
3222:Reki-jo
3205:Lolicon
3196:Fujoshi
3184:Figure
3136:Visual
3104:Ganguro
2941:Freeter
2875:Bishōjo
2855:Sukeban
2826:Shizoku
2694:Manual
2656:Aizuchi
2474:Sontaku
2465:Shuhari
2416:Zanshin
2407:Shoshin
2313:tatemae
2261:Bushido
2161:Temples
2156:Shrines
2146:Castles
2090: (
1974:Komainu
1960:Giboshi
1917: (
1907:Shitomi
1886:Jinmaku
1845:Zabuton
1831:Oshiire
1817:Kotatsu
1737:Toilets
1681: (
1636:Nijūmon
1622:Karamon
1449:Hisashi
1407:Mokoshi
1393:Irimoya
1202:Machiya
1175:Secular
1074:Shinmei
1060:Kibitsu
1039:Irimoya
1014:Azekura
973:Shinden
947:Hirairi
919:Azekura
911:Secular
816:(paper)
801:(paper)
724:(paper)
531:In the
449:iki/tsu
375:tempura
204:
107:History
3243:fandom
3131:Lolita
3113:Gyaruo
3036:Senpai
3027:Sensei
2976:Ikemen
2967:Iemoto
2902:Chikan
2846:Banchō
2835:Heimin
2817:Kazoku
2756:Kamiza
2670:Dogeza
2604:Shibui
2577:Miyabi
2559:Kawaii
2398:Mushin
2363:Kaizen
2331:Ikigai
2289:Hansei
2213:values
2106:Ryokan
2099:Kumiko
1928:Sudare
1879:Fusuma
1803:Kamado
1717:Mizuya
1664:Sanmon
1643:Niōmon
1608:Genkan
1553:Tenshu
1546:Tatami
1505:Namako
1484:Kuruwa
1442:Engawa
1387:Hidden
1362:Tahōtō
1342:Pagoda
1264:Honden
1257:Hokora
1250:Heiden
1243:Haiden
1234:Shinto
1216:Yagura
1182:Castle
1088:Taisha
1067:Nagare
1053:Kasuga
1005:Shinto
987:Sukiya
959:Jutaku
940:Giyōfū
933:Gassho
904:Styles
812:
797:
771:
747:
739:
720:
699:
659:Geisha
537:Kansai
292:kawaii
185:Geisha
179:kabuki
146:devoid
95:kimono
91:geisha
3279:Haken
3168:Otaku
3122:Kogal
3095:Gyaru
3042:kōhai
2935:]
2928:Ebune
2920:Denpa
2866:Bijin
2777:Seiza
2768:Agura
2745:Ninjō
2719:]
2697:keigo
2631:Yūgen
2492:Ukiyo
2307:Honne
2113:Sentō
2022:Shaku
1920:washi
1914:Shōji
1900:Noren
1893:Kichō
1872:Byōbu
1838:Tansu
1789:Futon
1731:Shoin
1724:Nando
1695:Rooms
1678:Torii
1671:Sōmon
1657:Sandō
1650:Rōmon
1615:Kairō
1594:Gates
1581:Shibi
1567:Tokyō
1532:Sōrin
1525:Ranma
1463:Irori
1430:Chigi
1355:Shōrō
1331:Kyōzō
1290:Torii
1271:Kofun
1209:Minka
980:Shoin
966:Omoya
674:p. 8.
584:Ukiyo
553:kanji
495:Busui
371:sushi
174:ninjō
74:Japan
69:) in
67:Tokyo
3240:Yaoi
3231:Wota
3039:and
3001:NEET
2960:Idol
2727:Giri
2712:Gimu
2622:Yabo
2532:Ensō
2428:Miai
2310:and
2273:Face
2238:Amae
2229:Aiki
2127:Yabo
2008:Koku
1981:Tōrō
1852:Zafu
1782:Furo
1507:wall
1491:Moya
1195:Kura
1129:Wayō
926:Buke
810:ISBN
795:ISBN
769:ISBN
745:ISBN
737:ISBN
718:ISBN
697:ISBN
516:yabo
473:Yabo
466:Yabo
458:Yabo
413:and
379:soba
201:lit.
167:giri
93:and
48:粋/いき
3139:kei
2645:and
2586:Moe
2541:Iki
2082:Iki
2029:Sun
2001:Ken
1629:Mon
1030:Hie
859:iki
845:iki
631:see
614:in
609:Iki
569:iki
563:sui
548:Sui
542:sui
535:or
525:Sui
510:iki
489:iki
440:iki
434:Tsū
428:iki
422:tsū
416:tsū
410:Iki
402:iki
396:iki
390:Tsū
384:Tsū
366:Tsū
350:tsū
340:Tsū
331:iki
315:iki
305:Iki
297:iki
287:iki
281:iki
274:Iki
268:iki
262:Iki
245:iki
221:iki
190:iki
160:iki
151:iki
148:of
128:iki
122:iki
100:iki
86:Iki
63:Edo
61:of
40:Iki
3397::
3209:/
2933:ja
2717:ja
2568:Ma
2501:Wa
2252:/
2015:Ri
1317:Dō
793:.
775:;
767:.
751:;
743:;
735:.
716:.
695:.
648:^
600:^
519:.
502:無粋
492:.
481:野暮
377:,
373:,
257:.
234:.
83:,
2204:e
2197:t
2190:v
2094:)
1923:)
1687:)
1032:)
888:e
881:t
874:v
643:.
612:"
557:粋
505:)
499:(
484:)
478:(
361:)
358:通
355:(
213:'
207:'
199:(
45:(
34:.
20:)
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