518:. The OSTK candidates, mostly from Transnistria in the country's eastern periphery, were a small fraction of the body's overall membership—approximately 15 percent. In May 1990, these Transnistrian Supreme Soviet deputies were attacked and beaten by pro-independence protesters and quickly left the body for their homes in the East. Unable to affect the course of events in Chişinău, these deputies acted to establish their own Soviet republic, a republic that would remain a part of the Soviet Union and not secede with the rest of the Moldova. Many Moldovans reacted with outrage at this infringement of their sovereignty and the Soviet central government publicly rebuked the separatists for making the situation worse and pushing Moldova further toward
3413:
562:
63:
3403:
261:
620:, standing as an independent candidate, got 2.1%. 1.6% voted for "none of the above" and 1.9% of the ballot papers were blank or spoiled. Turnout was 66.1%. None of these elections were recognized by the international community, which does not recognize the legality of the Transnistrian authorities and called for democratic elections for a self-governing territory within the boundaries of
511:. Once in the city soviet, Smirnov ran for chairmanship of that body. In a dramatic demonstration of how much the Communist Party's power had waned, Smirnov beat his challenger, the First Secretary of the city's Party Committee, Leonid Tsurkan, by a 2-to-1 margin. From this time forward, Tiraspol was an OSTK-controlled city.
481:
Smirnov and many of his colleagues were suspicious of the possibility of language laws from the beginning, they suspected this to be the first step towards "nationalization" of the republic at the expense of "their country", the Soviet Union. However, in August 1989, when it was leaked that
Moldovan
409:
Smirnov displayed a great enthusiasm for Soviet life, pursuing higher education in the evenings and weekends after work and participating in a number of athletic and cultural activities. He met and married a young engineer named
Zhannetta Nikolaevna Lotnik in the early 1960s and served in the Soviet
971:
A collection of writings by participants in the OSTK movement printed in the PMR provides many personal, though uniformly positive, memories of
Smirnov in this transition period. L. Alfer'eva, ed., Slavy ne iskali: sbornik vospominanii uchastnikov sozdaniia i stanovleniia PMR (Bendery: Poligrafist,
530:
Igor
Smirnov emerged as a leader of the OSTK on a regional level as Transnistrian politicians and activists worked towards sovereignty from the Moldovan SSR in the summer and autumn of 1990. When the First All-region Congress of Transnistrian Deputies created a self-contained Transnistrian economic
429:
Machine-Building
Institute in 1974. Meanwhile, he worked his way up from the shop floor to be an assistant director of one of the shops of the Nova Kakhovka Machine-Building Factory. With his college diploma, Smirnov continued to be promoted. He soon became the shop director, then assistant to the
545:
In his new role as chairman of the PMSSR Supreme Soviet, and later, president of the
Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic (PMR), Smirnov worked to gain recognition for the state. While this was never a likely outcome, Smirnov was successful at securing the cooperation of a locally stationed Red Army
546:
unit; as the conflict grew increasingly violent at the end of 1991 and into 1992, Red Army leaders and enlisted men, often themselves from
Transnistria, gave moral support, weapons and ammunition to PMR separatists. Eventually a number of Red Army soldiers joined the PMR Army.
441:. This was just over two years before Smirnov led the city's municipal government as the chairman of the Tiraspol city soviet and just under three before he held the most powerful position in the embryonic, and unrecognized, Pridnestrovian Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic.
1048:
The flow of Red Army men and materiel to PMR armed forces was widely reported in the CIS press at the time. See for ex., Nezavisimaya Gazeta, June 18, 1992 trans. in FBIS, June 19, 1992, 63; and Radio Rossii, June 20, 1992, trans. in FBIS, June 22, 1992,
981:
A deputy to the
Supreme Soviet of the Moldovan SSR, unhappy with the changes, leaked the new draft to the newspaper of the "Tochlitmash" Machine-Building Concern in Tiraspol. See: Efim Bershin, Dikoe pole: Pridnestrovskii razlom (Moscow: Tekst, 2002),
457:
as the official language of the republic—at first with
Russian as a second official language and later without—the republic was divided over the issue of nationalizing Moldova. One side believed that Moldova should be independent from the
502:
as an opportunity to effect change through different means. Smirnov won two seats in the elections of
February 1990, the 32nd district seat for the city soviet (municipal government) of Tiraspol and the 125th district seat for the
949:"Igor' Smirnov - kandidat naroda", in Nepriznannaia respublika: ocherki, dokumenty, khronika: dokumenty gosudarstvennykh organov Pridnestrovia, Vol. II, Gryzlov, V.F., ed. (Moscow: Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, TIMO, 1997), 19.
3654:
1013:
Viktor Diukarev, Pridnestrov'e—proshloe, nastoiashchee, budushchee, za kulisami politiki. Dubossary 1989-1992 gg. (Tiraspol': Uprpoligrafizdat PMR, 2000), see esp. 198-203 for a first-hand, though partisan account of the
3369:
486:(OSTK – Объединенный Совет трудовых коллективов) and called an immediate strike that eventually led to the shutdown of most major industrial activity (concentrated in the Transnistrian region) throughout the SSR.
960:
Smirnov—kandidat naroda", in Nepriznannaia respublika: ocherki, dokumenty, khronika: dokumenty gosudarstvennykh organov Pridnestrovia, Vol. I, Gryzlov, V.F., ed. (Moscow: Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, TIMO, 1997),
1069:
1024:
3528:
715:
339:
apparatus and Zinaida Grigor'evna Smirnova, a journalist and newspaper editor. As the Party promoted Nikolai Stepanovich to ever more important positions, the family moved from Petropavlosk to the
661:
Smirnov has announced that he will retire from politics when the Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic obtains international recognition as a sovereign state and has called this goal his life's work.
553:, his successor as chairman of the PMSSR Supreme Soviet and another challenger in an election for president of the Pridnestrovian Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic. He won with 64% of the vote.
531:
zone in June 1990, Smirnov was elected chair of a coordinating council charged with carrying momentum forward to sovereignty. A second congress held on September 2 proclaimed the creation of the
449:
As communist states began to collapse at the end of the 1980s, people in some areas of the Soviet Union began to demand sovereignty for separate national identities. As the citizens of the
3399:
1244:Президент подписал указ № 1021 об освобождении от занимаемой должности министра природных ресурсов и экологического контроля ПМР Калякина Олега Алексеевича в связи с поданным заявлением
3621:
1209:
892:
In his memoirs, Igor Smirnov reports that his father "had seen to it that the families of those killed on the front were supplied with necessities (free of charge)." Igor Smirnov,
542:, accused of "the intentional territorial dismemberment of the Republic of Moldova" and brought to Chișinău. He was released shortly thereafter after reported pressure from Russia.
1643:
808:
720:
847:
433:
While he was not made director in 1987 when that position's erstwhile occupant retired, he was given the directorship of the "Elektromash" Electronics Concern in the nearby
2828:
800:
2003:
3486:
2478:
816:
2628:
2113:
3308:
3193:
2978:
2908:
2178:
3178:
3003:
1437:
2433:
2333:
1768:
2763:
2723:
2368:
2988:
2903:
2553:
2358:
1723:
3459:
2643:
2603:
1923:
1758:
1663:
1583:
3183:
2883:
2838:
2638:
1688:
1658:
3870:
3806:
3338:
3238:
3228:
3093:
2718:
2713:
2678:
2308:
2108:
1588:
1508:
3203:
3103:
3008:
2953:
2873:
2753:
2733:
2393:
2373:
2318:
1793:
1778:
1708:
1563:
3078:
3053:
3043:
2783:
2668:
2523:
2323:
2288:
2173:
2118:
1733:
1668:
1648:
1603:
1598:
1593:
3233:
3153:
3148:
3143:
2963:
2948:
2938:
2503:
2363:
2233:
2088:
2033:
2008:
1948:
1843:
3343:
3118:
3113:
3068:
3013:
2708:
2483:
2398:
2218:
2168:
2148:
2143:
2093:
2028:
1983:
1853:
1848:
1818:
1813:
1753:
1728:
1698:
1653:
1638:
1370:
532:
3318:
2843:
2823:
2388:
1963:
1803:
3358:
3323:
3283:
3038:
3028:
2888:
2858:
2848:
2743:
2688:
2658:
2573:
2558:
2543:
2453:
2413:
2353:
2343:
2128:
2123:
2068:
2058:
2053:
2018:
1973:
1918:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1868:
1798:
1763:
1553:
1538:
1493:
2778:
2253:
2193:
1773:
1678:
3900:
3333:
3328:
3268:
3258:
3098:
3058:
2913:
2898:
2878:
2633:
2608:
2513:
2428:
2303:
2273:
2248:
2238:
2228:
2223:
2163:
2103:
2098:
2073:
2038:
1993:
1988:
1978:
1863:
1808:
1523:
1498:
3298:
3088:
2968:
2463:
1943:
1573:
3391:
3353:
3348:
3278:
3218:
3198:
3023:
2853:
2788:
2703:
2693:
2613:
2598:
2508:
2458:
2298:
2293:
2213:
2198:
2188:
2133:
2043:
1998:
1938:
1878:
1873:
1788:
1783:
1738:
1633:
1623:
1528:
1518:
374:'s death in 1953, Nikolai Stepanovich was released together with many Soviet inmates. The Smirnov family was reunited in central Russia near the
3133:
2493:
366:. He was sentenced to fifteen years in the Soviet forced labor camps with a following period of five years' internal exile. As the family of an
3442:
3303:
3208:
3048:
3033:
2983:
2798:
2698:
2518:
2448:
2438:
2418:
2348:
1968:
1893:
1888:
1748:
1558:
1548:
1543:
1488:
3910:
3890:
3018:
2933:
2768:
2748:
2663:
2583:
2498:
2243:
2183:
2138:
1743:
1628:
1578:
425:
Once back from the military, Smirnov also continued the correspondence courses he had begun in the early 1960s, receiving a degree from the
2928:
2648:
1823:
1618:
1309:
1217:
1025:"(DOSARUL SMIRNOV) Arestarea separatistului la KIEV e "cea mai strălucită operaţiune din istoria MAI". Hadârcă RECUNOAȘTE că l-a eliberat"
3661:
3173:
2803:
2623:
2568:
1430:
636:
3649:
3566:
3163:
2923:
2378:
936:
632:
628:
3905:
3556:
3549:
854:
1152:Центризбирком Приднестровья огласил предварительные результаты голосования на выборах Президента ПМР, "Новый День", 15 December 2011
642:
In the December 2011 elections, Igor Smirnov came in third with 24.82% of the vote. He trailed the chairman of the Supreme Soviet,
597:
585:
581:
1472:
1423:
390:
In 1959, Igor Smirnov began work at the Zlatoust Metallurgical Factory at the age of eighteen. Soon, however, he moved back to
635:(which was rejected) or remain independent and join Russia in the future (which was approved). Smirnov did more references to
1462:
508:
499:
1271:"Указом Президента ПМР министром природных ресурсов и экологического контроля республики назначен Сергей Васильевич Мороз"
3895:
3885:
3788:
3576:
3464:
3384:
1270:
1242:
482:
would be made the only official language, Smirnov and other industrial workers in Tiraspol banded together to create the
411:
3498:
395:
1184:
538:
In 1991, Smirnov was arrested in a secret operation by special forces of the Moldovan Ministry of Internal Affairs in
260:
3571:
1446:
3188:
911:
3516:
3437:
308:
1135:Запасной аэродром Игоря Смирнова: Предварительные результаты выборов президента могут признать недействительными,
3481:
3377:
703:
483:
305:
378:, where Nikolai Stepanovich directed a primary school and Zinaida Grigor'evna worked as the editor of a local
1858:
827:
601:
20:
3544:
780:
770:
730:
708:
665:
475:
351:
military. The Smirnovs initially benefited from Nikolai Stepanovich's successes—he reached the position of
109:
370:, life was difficult for Zinaida Grigor'evna and her three sons, Vladimir, Oleg, and Igor. In the wake of
3880:
2793:
2013:
1299:
837:
3844:
1360:
494:
When the strike campaign, from 16 August to 22 September 1989, failed to produce much of an effect in
3581:
3428:
1395:
1336:
693:
430:
factory's chief industrial upgrades and new technologies engineer and finally an assistant director.
301:
78:
1185:"Transdnestr president: Recognition of Transdnestr is the matter of my life - Russian News - REGNUM"
3839:
3561:
3476:
3469:
1467:
873:
320:
217:
3521:
2473:
1503:
1113:
631:
on 17 September 2006 where the Transnistrian population was asked whether Transnistria should be
519:
515:
286:
241:
3875:
3601:
1613:
1109:"Is internationally recognised independence the goal of quasi-states? The case of Transnistria"
613:
3407:
1683:
3865:
3606:
750:
658:, voiced a lack of confidence in Smirnov and supported the campaign of Anatolii Kaminskii.
3128:
8:
3632:
2313:
1454:
605:
593:
566:
367:
2528:
1162:Некремлевский претендент: Приднестровье не поддержало предложенную Москвой кандидатуру,
3771:
3168:
3108:
2868:
2063:
1167:
1089:
859:
760:
550:
535:(PMSSR) and deputies elected him to chair the Provisional Supreme Soviet of the PMSSR.
356:
2408:
2268:
1703:
3827:
3491:
3253:
2893:
2083:
1608:
1108:
1093:
1058:"Vybory, referendumy, oprosy", in Nepriznania respublika, Vol. II, Gryzlov, ed., 179.
930:
643:
471:
454:
352:
157:
101:
2958:
2818:
2563:
2533:
2468:
1953:
3783:
3766:
3703:
3611:
3508:
2993:
2833:
2578:
2263:
1533:
1513:
1406:
1118:
1081:
740:
647:
277:
134:
3138:
2943:
2738:
1828:
1673:
561:
3832:
3708:
3698:
3616:
3432:
3293:
3213:
2423:
2383:
2153:
1958:
1718:
1384:
1346:
1140:
569:
181:
121:
105:
2773:
2728:
1415:
3725:
3313:
2973:
2863:
2813:
2808:
2758:
2488:
2203:
2048:
2023:
1933:
1913:
1833:
790:
609:
504:
459:
403:
375:
3158:
2338:
1274:
1248:
676:
The following table shows Smirnov's cabinet at the end of his time in office.
3859:
3735:
3693:
3273:
3248:
3243:
3073:
2918:
2618:
2538:
2443:
2283:
2208:
1178:"Transdnestr president: Recognition of Transdnestr is the matter of my life"
915:
651:
617:
495:
450:
399:
371:
340:
3123:
2593:
1928:
62:
3756:
3454:
3412:
3288:
3223:
3083:
2998:
2548:
2158:
1188:
589:
463:
426:
410:
Army from 1963 to 1966 as a Second Lieutenant. In 1963, Smirnov joined the
348:
332:
328:
324:
297:
225:
221:
612:, owner and editor of the Opposition newspaper Novaia gazeta got 3.9% and
3628:
3447:
3263:
2683:
2653:
2588:
2278:
2078:
1838:
1122:
1004:
Moscow Domestic Service, May 23, 1990, trans. in FBIS, May 24, 1990, 117.
2258:
1151:
1085:
1070:"Transnistrian nation-building: a case of effective diversity policies?"
498:, the OSTK re-examined its tactics. Smirnov and others saw the upcoming
3718:
3713:
2328:
1883:
1693:
1314:
474:
is spoken. The other believed that Moldova should remain a part of the
363:
24:
600:, Smirnov was re-elected for a third time with 82.4% of the vote. His
2673:
2403:
1568:
335:. He was the son of Nikolai Stepanovich Smirnov, a worker within the
1713:
1303:
573:
438:
415:
379:
344:
3740:
3730:
3688:
3622:
Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester
3402:
621:
467:
434:
391:
32:
584:, he took 72% of the vote against 20% for Vladimir Malakhov and
3778:
655:
478:
USSR, possibly in a post-communist, but still united country.
514:
Things did not go quite as smoothly for Igor Smirnov in the
362:
In the summer of 1952, Nikolai Stepanovich was arrested for
1273:(in Russian). Olvia Press. 22 December 2010. Archived from
1247:(in Russian). Olvia Press. 15 December 2010. Archived from
539:
336:
3487:
Controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity in Moldova
1029:
Stiri de ultima ora din Moldova - Ultimele stiri Timpul.md
797:
Minister of Natural Resources and Environmental Control
3460:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
1210:"Официальный Сайт Президента ПМР - Кабинет Министров"
580:
Igor Smirnov won three further elections after 1991.
291:
3807:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
1168:
http://www.ng.ru/cis/2011-12-13/1_pridnestrovie.html
3655:
Bureau for Reintegration of the Republic of Moldova
796:
533:Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
1445:
3857:
1067:
637:a possible accession of Transnistria into Russia
1300:Regions and territories: Trans-Dniester#Leaders
525:
1237:
1235:
1141:http://www.ng.ru/cis/2011-12-15/1_smirnov.html
3385:
1431:
1068:Osipov, Alexander; Vasilevich, Hanna (2019).
909:(Tiraspol': , 2001), 8. Available online at:
588:, he took 81.9% of the vote against 6.7% for
1106:
3871:Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
1232:
3567:2006 Transnistrian independence referendum
3392:
3378:
1438:
1424:
296:; born 23 October 1941) is a Russian-born
147:2 September 1990 – 25 August 1991
91:1 October 1991 – 30 December 2011
61:
3557:Russian military presence in Transnistria
3550:Romanian-language schools in Transnistria
896:. (Moscow: Sovetskii pisatel', 2001), 9.
646:, and the former chairman of that body,
560:
556:
3901:Transnistrian people of Russian descent
834:Minister of Health and Social Security
507:of MSSR (republican government) in the
3858:
1473:Declaration of Independence of Moldova
935:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
489:
444:
3373:
1419:
3911:Transnistrian independence activists
3891:People from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
509:1990 Moldovan parliamentary election
422:) after returning to civilian life.
385:
3789:Operational Group of Russian Forces
3577:2012 Moldova security zone incident
412:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
300:politician who served as the first
13:
3499:Unification of Moldova and Romania
453:debated the merits of introducing
14:
3922:
3572:2006 Transnistrian customs crisis
1293:
394:to work on the construction of a
3906:Transnistrian military personnel
3438:Union of Bessarabia with Romania
3411:
3401:
654:, the ruling political party of
309:Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic
259:
3482:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
1263:
1202:
1172:
1156:
1145:
1129:
1100:
1061:
1052:
1042:
1017:
824:Minister of Telecommunications
396:new hydroelectric power station
16:First President of Transnistria
1007:
998:
985:
975:
965:
952:
943:
899:
886:
809:Alexander Vasilyevich Kozelsky
650:. In the election, leaders of
549:In December 1991 Smirnov beat
484:United Work Collective Council
472:a virtually identical language
1:
1447:Moldovan Parliament 1990–1994
1107:Kosienkowski, Marcin (2012).
879:
828:Vladimir Mikhailovich Belyaev
757:Minister of Internal Affairs
359:committee in Soviet Ukraine.
21:Eastern Slavic naming customs
3545:Human rights in Transnistria
771:Sergei Mikhailovich Stepanov
747:Minister of Foreign Affairs
731:Stanislav Galimovich Hazheev
666:Aleksandr Ivanovich Korolyov
664:His last vice president was
526:Proclamation of independence
314:
306:internationally unrecognized
7:
867:
848:Maria Rafailovna Pashchenko
608:got only 8.1% of the vote.
466:, possibly in a union with
292:
282:И́горь Никола́евич Смирно́в
251:Zhannetta Nikolaevna Lotnik
10:
3927:
3896:Presidents of Transnistria
3650:Reintegration into Moldova
855:Minister of State Security
815:
807:
799:
671:
347:had recently expelled the
293:Igorʹ Nikolayevich Smirnov
19:In this name that follows
18:
3820:
3799:
3749:
3681:
3674:
3642:
3597:
3590:
3582:2022 Transnistria attacks
3537:
3507:
3429:First Partition of Poland
3421:
2829:Dumitru Gheorghe Postovan
1481:
1453:
1402:
1396:President of Transnistria
1393:
1381:
1367:
1357:
1343:
1337:President of Transnistria
1334:
1329:
1324:
1031:(in Romanian). 2013-12-17
853:
843:
833:
823:
803:(until 14 December 2010)
801:Oleg Alekseevich Kaliakin
786:
776:
766:
756:
746:
741:Irina Ivanovna Molokanova
736:
726:
714:
702:
692:
687:
684:
633:reintegrated into Moldova
319:Igor Smirnov was born in
281:
267:
255:
247:
237:
197:
192:
188:
175:
163:
151:
140:
128:
115:
95:
84:
79:President of Transnistria
76:
72:
60:
51:
44:
3840:Cobasna ammunition depot
3675:Participants and figures
3631:(2005–present; see also
3562:Joint Control Commission
3477:The Holocaust in Romania
3470:Transnistria Governorate
1468:Popular Front of Moldova
1243:
874:Politics of Transnistria
819:(from 22 December 2010)
817:Sergei Vasilyevich Moroz
781:Elena Egorovna Chernenko
321:Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
274:Igor Nikolaevich Smirnov
218:Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
202:Igor Nikolaevich Smirnov
52:
2629:Constantin Novoderejkin
1504:Gheorghe Amihalachioaie
1310:The Permanent President
1114:SSRN Electronic Journal
716:Right hand of president
516:Moldovan Supreme Soviet
3886:Moldovan MPs 1990–1994
3845:Moldova–Ukraine border
3602:1997 Moscow memorandum
2979:Constantin Sahanovschi
2179:Alexandru Gorodnicenco
1182:, September 14, 2006.
844:Minister of Education
811:(15–22 December 2010)
577:
337:Soviet Communist Party
3612:2003 Kozak memorandum
3408:Transnistria conflict
1214:president.pmr-gov.org
894:Zhit' na nashei zemle
787:Minister of Industry
564:
557:Smirnov after the war
3662:Annexation by Russia
3617:2005 Yushchenko Plan
3607:1999 Istanbul summit
2764:Valentina Podgornaia
2369:Veaceslav Litvinenco
1166:, 13 December 2011.
1139:, 15 December 2011.
1123:10.2139/ssrn.2132161
1074:Nationalities Papers
777:Minister of Economy
767:Minister of Justice
751:Vladimir Yastrebchak
737:Minister of Finance
727:Minister of Defence
598:On December 10, 2006
3643:Potential solutions
3633:Berlin Plus package
3591:Resolution attempts
3529:Ceasefire agreement
3179:Constantin Taușanji
3004:Mihai Sâromeatnicov
2834:Dumitru H. Postovan
2644:Alexandru Ohotnicov
2604:Valentin Nicolaenco
2479:Svetlana Mâslițcaia
2314:Mihail Kendighelean
1924:Victor Constantinov
1759:Constantin Capsamun
1664:Vladimir Bondarenco
1086:10.1017/nps.2018.26
681:
606:Nadezhda Bondarenko
594:Alexander Radchenko
586:on December 9, 2001
582:On 23 December 1996
576:on 18 February 2009
567:President of Russia
490:Entry into politics
445:The strike campaign
368:enemy of the people
304:(1991–2011) of the
3881:Moldovan engineers
3772:Vadim Krasnoselsky
3339:Vitalie Zavgorodni
3229:Gheorghe Trestianu
3169:Constantin Tampiza
3094:Nicolae Stadinciuc
2474:Valentin Mândâcanu
2434:Spiridon Martâniuc
2334:Ludmila Lașcionova
2309:Grigore Jelihovski
2109:Vladimir Emilianov
2064:Valentin Dolganiuc
1769:Fiodor Carapunarlî
1684:Dumitru Brașoveanu
1509:Nicolae Andronatii
1325:Political offices
1318:, 11 December 2006
1220:on 18 October 2007
1164:Независимая газета
1137:Независимая газета
860:Vladimir Antyufeev
761:Vadim Krasnoselsky
709:Aleksandr Korolyov
679:
644:Anatolii Kaminskii
578:
551:Grigorii Marakutsa
500:Moldovan elections
462:and turned into a
357:Hola Prystan Raion
170:Office established
110:Aleksandr Korolyov
3853:
3852:
3828:Gagauzia conflict
3816:
3815:
3670:
3669:
3492:Moldovan language
3367:
3366:
3254:Serafim Urecheanu
3189:Constantin Tănase
3129:Constantin Țurcan
3079:Vladimir Solonari
3054:Gheorghe Siumbeli
3044:Ludmila Silicenko
2989:Anatol Salamandîk
2904:Vladimir Rîleakov
2784:Larisa Pokotilova
2669:Nicolae Ostapenco
2554:Mihai Mușumanschi
2524:Alexandru Morozov
2359:Valentin Leșinski
2324:Vladimir Labunski
2289:Vladimir Iuzvenco
2174:Mihai Goncearenco
2119:Grigore Evstratii
2004:Grigore Cușmăunsă
1734:Alexandru Buruian
1724:Aleksandr Bulîcev
1669:Grigore Bordeianu
1649:Gheorghe Bogdanov
1644:Constantin Bogdan
1614:Vladimir Beșleagă
1609:Victor Berlinschi
1604:Evgheni Berdnikov
1599:Anatol Belitcenco
1594:Gheorghe Beliciuc
1414:
1413:
1403:Succeeded by
1390:
1376:
1368:Succeeded by
1352:
1344:Succeeded by
865:
864:
639:during his rule.
386:Professional life
290:
271:
270:
158:Alexandru Caraman
102:Alexandru Caraman
3918:
3784:14th Guards Army
3767:Yevgeny Shevchuk
3750:Pro-Transnistria
3704:Vladimir Voronin
3679:
3678:
3595:
3594:
3522:Battle of Bender
3509:Transnistria War
3416:
3415:
3406:
3405:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3371:
3370:
3344:Anatol Zelenschi
3069:Alexandru Snegur
3014:Gheorghe Scutaru
2994:Petru Sandulachi
2884:Gheorghe Răducan
2839:Veniamin Potașev
2639:Valentin Oglindă
2579:Vasile Nedelciuc
2529:Alexandru Moșanu
2399:Teodor Macrinici
2219:Vladimir Gudumac
2169:Vladimir Goncear
2149:Valerian Gherman
2144:Iurie Gherasimov
2094:Alexandru Efanov
2029:Chiril Darmancev
1984:Constantin Culea
1859:Gheorghe Ciobanu
1854:Valentin Cicikin
1849:Valeriu Cibotaru
1819:Petru Chimirciuc
1814:Afanasie Chechiu
1754:Vladimir Capanji
1729:Valentin Burduja
1699:Grigore Bratunov
1689:Petru Brașoveanu
1659:Anatoli Bolșakov
1654:Nicolai Bogdanov
1639:Stepan Bogacenco
1534:Alexandru Arseni
1514:Nicolae Andronic
1440:
1433:
1426:
1417:
1416:
1409:
1407:Yevgeny Shevchuk
1388:
1382:Preceded by
1374:
1371:Vladimir Gonchar
1350:
1322:
1321:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1239:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1216:. Archived from
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1187:. Archived from
1176:
1170:
1160:
1154:
1149:
1143:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1065:
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1056:
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1046:
1040:
1039:
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1005:
1002:
996:
989:
983:
979:
973:
969:
963:
956:
950:
947:
941:
940:
934:
926:
924:
923:
914:. Archived from
903:
897:
890:
682:
680:Smirnov cabinet
678:
648:Evgenii Shevchuk
476:supranationalist
414:and served as a
295:
285:
283:
263:
232:
215:
211:
209:
193:Personal details
178:
166:
154:
145:
135:Yevgeny Shevchuk
131:
118:
98:
89:
65:
55:
42:
41:
3926:
3925:
3921:
3920:
3919:
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3915:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3833:Gagauz Republic
3812:
3795:
3745:
3709:Nicolae Timofti
3699:Petru Lucinschi
3666:
3638:
3635:, 2016–present)
3586:
3533:
3503:
3417:
3410:
3400:
3398:
3368:
3363:
3359:Vitali Znagovan
3324:Grigore Volovoi
3294:Vasile Vatamanu
3284:Ignat Vasilachi
3214:Dumitru Todoroi
3204:Iurie Timoșenco
3104:Mihai Străjescu
3039:Valeriu Serjant
3029:Elisei Secrieru
3009:Ludmila Scalnâi
2954:Vasile Șevcenco
2889:Victor Reabcici
2874:Evgheni Pușneac
2859:Vasile Pruteanu
2849:Vitalie Pritula
2754:Stepan Plaținda
2744:Mihai Plasiciuc
2734:Pantelei Pârvan
2724:Dumitru Pălărie
2689:Vasile Pasaniuc
2659:Nicolae Oleinic
2574:Gheorghe Nechit
2559:Petru Nastasiuc
2544:Andrei Munteanu
2454:Gheorghe Mazilu
2424:Andrey Manoylov
2414:Nicolae Malachi
2409:Ștefan Maimescu
2394:Pavel Lupăcescu
2384:Petru Lucinschi
2374:Vladlen Lîiurov
2354:Valentin Lefter
2344:Valeriu Lebedev
2319:Valentin Krîlov
2269:Gheorghe Hioară
2154:Gheorghe Ghimpu
2129:Sergiu Fandofan
2124:Fiodor Evtodiev
2069:Nicolae Domente
2059:Vladimir Dobrea
2054:Victor Diucarev
2019:Valeriu Daraban
1974:Dumitru Croitor
1959:Mihai Cotorobai
1919:Anatol Conoplin
1909:Vladlen Colesov
1904:Anatol Coleghin
1899:Vasile Cojocaru
1869:Gheorghe Ciorba
1799:Nadejda Cegurco
1794:Gheorghe Cârlan
1779:Vladimir Carauș
1764:Boris Carandiuc
1719:Valeriu Bulgari
1709:Boris Brizițchi
1704:Nadejda Brânzan
1564:Andrei Baștovoi
1554:Semion Badrajan
1539:Iuri Atamanenko
1494:Vladimir Agachi
1477:
1449:
1444:
1410:
1405:
1399:
1391:
1387:
1385:Andrey Manoylov
1377:
1373:
1364:
1353:
1349:
1347:Andrey Manoylov
1340:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1280:
1278:
1277:on 13 July 2011
1269:
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1254:
1252:
1251:on 4 March 2016
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921:
919:
912:"Archived copy"
910:
904:
900:
891:
887:
882:
870:
721:Vladimir Ivanov
674:
602:Communist Party
570:Dmitry Medvedev
559:
528:
492:
447:
398:in the town of
388:
353:First Secretary
317:
238:Political party
230:
228:
216:
213:
212:23 October 1941
207:
205:
204:
203:
182:Andrey Manoylov
176:
164:
152:
146:
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129:
122:Andrey Manoylov
116:
108:
106:Sergey Leontiev
104:
96:
90:
85:
68:
67:Smirnov in 2017
56:
53:
47:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3924:
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3769:
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3738:
3733:
3728:
3726:European Union
3723:
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3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
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3683:
3676:
3672:
3671:
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3657:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3639:
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3636:
3626:
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3624:
3614:
3609:
3604:
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3585:
3584:
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3574:
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3552:
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3534:
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3526:
3525:
3524:
3513:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3443:Moldavian ASSR
3440:
3435:
3433:Treaty of Iași
3425:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3397:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3374:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3334:Oleg Zapoliski
3331:
3329:Piotr Zalojkov
3326:
3321:
3316:
3314:Mihai Volontir
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3269:Vitalie Ustroi
3266:
3261:
3259:Vasile Ursachi
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3234:Ilia Trombițki
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3154:Andrei Țurcanu
3151:
3149:Anatol Țurcanu
3146:
3144:Anatol Țurcanu
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3099:Ion Stepanenco
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3059:Gheorghe Slabu
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2974:Andrei Safonov
2971:
2966:
2964:Piotr Șornikov
2961:
2959:Vasile Șoimaru
2956:
2951:
2949:Anatol Șaragov
2946:
2941:
2939:Mihai Șabarcin
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2914:Anatol Rusanov
2911:
2906:
2901:
2899:Nicolai Riumin
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2879:Alexandra Raiu
2876:
2871:
2866:
2864:Dumitru Puntea
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2819:Anatol Popușoi
2816:
2814:Mihai Popovici
2811:
2809:Mihai Popovici
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2759:Anatol Plugaru
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2634:Valeriu Obreja
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2609:Victor Nikulin
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2564:Vasile Năstase
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2534:Dumitru Moțpan
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2514:Nicolae Moraru
2511:
2506:
2504:Tudor Mogâldea
2501:
2496:
2491:
2489:Nicolae Misail
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2469:Ion Mărgineanu
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2429:Fiodor Marinov
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2364:Anatol Lisețki
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2304:Valeriu Jardan
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2274:Dumitru Holban
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2249:Mihai Guslikov
2246:
2241:
2239:Gheorghe Gusac
2236:
2234:Semion Gurghiș
2231:
2229:Semion Guranda
2226:
2224:Ilarion Guidea
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2204:Gheorghe Grosu
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2164:Vitalie Glebov
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2104:Valeriu Egorov
2101:
2099:Gheorghe Efros
2096:
2091:
2089:Pavel Dubălari
2086:
2081:
2076:
2074:Vasile Domente
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2049:Mihai Dimitriu
2046:
2041:
2039:Andrei Diaconu
2036:
2034:Anatol Davâdov
2031:
2026:
2024:Vladimir Darie
2021:
2016:
2014:Nicolae Dabija
2011:
2009:Grigore Cușnir
2006:
2001:
1996:
1994:Stepan Curoglo
1991:
1989:Valentin Cunev
1986:
1981:
1979:Andrei Cubasov
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1954:Mihai Coșcodan
1951:
1949:Sergiu Coșceev
1946:
1941:
1936:
1934:Nicolae Costin
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1914:Valentin Colun
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1864:Vitalie Ciorap
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1844:Anatol Chișner
1841:
1836:
1834:Anatol Chiriac
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1809:Dumitru Cernei
1806:
1801:
1796:
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1584:Pavel Bejenuță
1581:
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1561:
1556:
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1541:
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1524:Victor Arestov
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1499:Nicolae Alexei
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1295:
1294:External links
1292:
1289:
1288:
1262:
1231:
1201:
1171:
1155:
1144:
1128:
1099:
1080:(6): 983–999.
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905:Anna Volkova,
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838:Ivan Tkachenko
835:
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718:
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610:Andrey Safonov
558:
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505:Supreme Soviet
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460:Moscow Kremlin
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404:Kherson Oblast
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195:
194:
190:
189:
186:
185:
179:
173:
172:
167:
161:
160:
155:
153:Vice President
149:
148:
138:
137:
132:
126:
125:
119:
113:
112:
99:
97:Vice President
93:
92:
82:
81:
74:
73:
70:
69:
66:
58:
57:
49:
48:
45:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3923:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3876:Living people
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3736:United States
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3694:Mircea Snegur
3692:
3691:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3677:
3673:
3663:
3660:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3596:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3530:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3500:
3497:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3465:Moldavian SSR
3463:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3395:
3390:
3388:
3383:
3381:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3354:Fiodor Zlatov
3352:
3350:
3349:Iuri Zinoviev
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3319:Mihai Voloșin
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3279:Vasile Vartic
3277:
3275:
3274:Andrei Vartic
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3249:Ion Ungureanu
3247:
3245:
3244:Ion Ungureanu
3242:
3240:
3239:Victor Uncuță
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3219:Nicolae Todos
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3199:Anton Terente
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3139:Leonid Țurcan
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3109:Anatol Țăranu
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3074:Mircea Snegur
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3024:Mihai Scutaru
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2944:Anatol Șalaru
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2919:Andrei Rusnac
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2869:Victor Pușcaș
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2854:Nicolae Proca
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2844:Ion Prisăcaru
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2824:Eugen Popușoi
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2789:Ghimn Pologov
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2739:Eugen Pâslaru
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2719:Boris Pălărie
2717:
2715:
2714:Ion Pălăncica
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2704:Victor Pavlic
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2694:Piotr Pascari
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2679:Tudor Panțâru
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2619:Dumitru Noroc
2617:
2615:
2614:Fiodor Nirean
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2599:Vasile Nestor
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2539:Petru Muntean
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2509:Andrei Moraru
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2459:Emil Mazureac
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2444:Valeriu Matei
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2389:Petru Lupașcu
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2299:Anatol Ivanov
2297:
2295:
2294:Anatol Ivanov
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2284:Lidia Istrati
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2214:Vasile Gudima
2212:
2210:
2209:Nicolae Grosu
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2199:Dumitru Grosu
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2189:Petru Griciuc
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2134:Gavril Frangu
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2044:Lidia Dicusar
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1999:Stepan Curtev
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1964:Dumitru Crețu
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1939:Vasile Costov
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1879:Valdemar Cirt
1877:
1875:
1874:Mihai Ciorici
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:Sergiu Chircă
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1804:Dumitru Cereș
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1789:Petru Caterev
1787:
1785:
1784:Mihail Catcov
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1739:Alexandru But
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1674:Ion Borșevici
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1634:Petru Bodorin
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1624:Tudor Bobescu
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1589:Marin Beleuță
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1529:Sergiu Argatu
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1519:Tudor Angheli
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1463:1990 election
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1408:
1398:
1397:
1386:
1380:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1356:
1348:
1339:
1338:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1250:
1246:
1238:
1236:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1191:on 2007-09-30
1190:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1148:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1103:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1064:
1055:
1045:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1010:
1001:
994:
988:
978:
968:
962:
955:
946:
938:
932:
918:on 2006-09-08
917:
913:
908:
902:
895:
889:
885:
875:
872:
871:
861:
858:
856:
852:
849:
846:
842:
839:
836:
832:
829:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
795:
792:
789:
785:
782:
779:
775:
772:
769:
765:
762:
759:
755:
752:
749:
745:
742:
739:
735:
732:
729:
725:
722:
719:
717:
713:
710:
707:
705:
701:
698:Igor Smirnov
697:
695:
691:
683:
677:
669:
667:
662:
659:
657:
653:
652:United Russia
649:
645:
640:
638:
634:
630:
627:He organized
625:
623:
619:
618:Peter Tomaily
615:
614:Renewal Party
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
592:and 4.6% for
591:
587:
583:
575:
571:
568:
565:Smirnov with
563:
554:
552:
547:
543:
541:
536:
534:
523:
521:
517:
512:
510:
506:
501:
497:
487:
485:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
456:
452:
451:Moldavian SSR
442:
440:
436:
431:
428:
423:
421:
417:
413:
407:
405:
401:
400:Nova Kakhovka
397:
393:
383:
381:
377:
373:
372:Joseph Stalin
369:
365:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
341:Ukrainian SSR
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
312:
310:
307:
303:
299:
298:Transnistrian
294:
288:
279:
275:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
243:
240:
236:
227:
223:
219:
214:(age 82)
200:
196:
191:
187:
183:
180:
174:
171:
168:
162:
159:
156:
150:
144:
139:
136:
133:
127:
123:
120:
114:
111:
107:
103:
100:
94:
88:
83:
80:
75:
71:
64:
59:
54:Игорь Смирнов
50:
43:
38:
34:
31: and the
30:
26:
22:
3762:Igor Smirnov
3761:
3757:Transnistria
3455:World War II
3309:Anna Volkova
3304:Piotr Volkov
3289:Ion Vatamanu
3224:Stepan Topal
3209:Victor Tocan
3194:Petru Tărâță
3084:Petru Soltan
3064:Igor Smirnov
3063:
3049:Anatol Simac
3034:Titu Serghei
2999:Aurel Saulea
2984:Vasile Sajin
2909:Nicolae Robu
2894:Alecu Reniță
2799:Serghei Popa
2779:Petru Poiată
2774:Mihai Poiată
2729:Mihai Patraș
2699:Vlad Pascaru
2549:Ion Munteanu
2519:Victor Morev
2449:Iurie Maxuta
2439:Danil Matcin
2419:Sergiu Manea
2349:Tudor Lefter
2254:Dumitru Guțu
2194:Ion Grigoraș
2159:Mihai Ghimpu
2084:Mihail Druță
1969:Jorj Crisico
1894:Ion Cojocaru
1889:Mihail Codin
1774:Petru Carauș
1749:Andrei Cabac
1679:Călin Botica
1559:Vasile Basoc
1549:Ananie Badan
1544:Vasile Baboi
1489:Boris Aculov
1394:
1358:
1335:
1330:
1313:
1279:. Retrieved
1275:the original
1265:
1253:. Retrieved
1249:the original
1222:. Retrieved
1218:the original
1213:
1204:
1193:. Retrieved
1189:the original
1179:
1174:
1163:
1158:
1147:
1136:
1131:
1112:
1102:
1077:
1073:
1063:
1054:
1044:
1033:. Retrieved
1028:
1019:
1014:proceedings.
1009:
1000:
992:
987:
977:
967:
959:
954:
945:
920:. Retrieved
916:the original
906:
901:
893:
888:
675:
663:
660:
641:
629:a referendum
626:
590:Tom Zenovich
579:
548:
544:
537:
529:
520:independence
513:
493:
480:
464:nation-state
448:
432:
427:Zaporizhzhia
424:
419:
408:
389:
361:
343:, where the
333:World War II
329:Soviet Union
325:Russian SFSR
318:
273:
272:
226:Soviet Union
222:Russian SFSR
177:Succeeded by
169:
142:
130:Succeeded by
86:
46:Igor Smirnov
36:
28:
3866:1941 births
3682:Pro-Moldova
3448:Moldovenism
3299:Vasile Vodă
3264:Vasile Ursu
3184:Ion Tăbâică
3159:Ion Țurcanu
3119:Ivan Țînnik
3114:Pavel Țîmai
3089:Anton Spânu
3019:Ion Scutaru
2969:Vasile Șova
2934:Mircea Rusu
2769:Petru Poian
2749:Sava Platon
2709:Ion Pădureț
2684:Vasile Para
2664:Vilor Ordin
2654:Tudor Olaru
2589:Tudor Negru
2584:Iacob Negru
2499:Ilie Mocanu
2484:Ion Mereuță
2464:Mihai Mălai
2339:Mihai Lazăr
2279:Vasile Iovv
2264:Ion Hadârcă
2244:Pavel Gusac
2184:Vasile Graf
2139:Mihai Gajiu
2079:Mircea Druc
1944:Ilie Coșanu
1839:Ion Chiriac
1744:Ion Butnaru
1629:Zosim Bodiu
1579:Mihai Bejan
1574:Elena Bălan
1359:Speaker of
1255:16 December
418:organizer (
382:newspaper.
349:Nazi German
165:Preceded by
117:Preceded by
33:family name
29:Nikolaevich
3860:Categories
3719:Maia Sandu
3714:Igor Dodon
3629:5+2 format
3422:Background
3134:Ion Țurcan
3124:Tudor Țopa
2929:Mihai Rusu
2649:Olga Ojoga
2594:Ion Negură
2494:Ion Mițcul
2329:Ion Lapaci
2114:Ion Eremia
1929:Ion Costaș
1884:Ion Ciuntu
1824:Ivan Chior
1694:Ilie Bratu
1619:Iovu Bivol
1400:1991–2011
1361:Parliament
1341:1990–1991
1331:New office
1315:Kommersant
1195:2006-09-14
1035:2024-03-21
922:2006-09-23
880:References
688:Incumbent
604:opponent,
364:corruption
208:1941-10-23
25:patronymic
3538:Aftermath
3174:Ion Tanas
2804:Ion Popov
2674:Ion Palii
2624:Ion Novac
2569:Ion Neagu
2404:Ion Madan
1569:Ion Batcu
1117:: 55–65.
1094:201376934
991:Volkova,
694:President
315:Childhood
302:president
287:romanized
256:Signature
143:In office
87:In office
3821:See also
3517:Timeline
3164:Ion Tacu
2924:Ion Rusu
2794:Ion Popa
2379:Ion Luca
2259:Ion Guțu
1714:Ion Buga
1304:BBC News
931:cite web
868:See also
574:Barvikha
496:Chişinău
455:Moldovan
439:Tiraspol
437:city of
435:Moldovan
416:Komsomol
380:Komsomol
345:Red Army
242:Republic
184:(acting)
124:(acting)
3800:Neutral
3741:Ukraine
3731:Romania
3689:Moldova
1306:profile
1281:7 March
685:Office
672:Cabinet
622:Moldova
468:Romania
420:komsorg
402:in the
392:Ukraine
355:of the
331:during
289::
278:Russian
233:Russia)
37:Smirnov
3809:(OSCE)
3779:Russia
1455:Topics
1389:Acting
1375:Acting
1351:Acting
1224:22 May
1180:Regnum
1092:
982:19-20.
972:2000).
656:Russia
470:where
248:Spouse
23:, the
1365:1990
1090:S2CID
995:, 37.
993:Lider
958:"Igor
907:Lider
3431:and
1283:2011
1257:2010
1226:2022
937:link
540:Kyiv
198:Born
77:1st
1482:MPs
1119:doi
1082:doi
1049:62.
961:20.
616:MP
572:in
231:now
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