328:
122:
320:
678:
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1101:
941:
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720:
1315:
25:
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597:
557:
1206:
989:
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640:
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906:
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832:
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1024:
311:, 13 were found guilty on one or the other counts of the indictment and sentenced to prison terms ranging from one and one half to eight years, including time already served; 10 defendants were acquitted of all charges. Max BrĂĽggemann (Farben's chief legal advisor) was removed from the trial and his case discontinued on September 9, 1947, for medical reasons.
435:, where IG Farben had constructed a plant next to the concentration camp with the clear intent to use inmates as slave workers, did the tribunal consider the evidence sufficient to prove that IG Farben acted on its own initiative. The tribunal concluded that the defendants could be held responsible only for this one case.
422:
Despite the extensive evidence presented by the prosecution that showed that the company had been deeply involved in
Germany's rearmament after World War I from the onset, the tribunal rejected the charges for preparing an aggressive war and for conspiracy to that end. On count three ("slave labor"),
451:
Willing cooperation with the slave labor utilization of the Third Reich was a matter of corporate policy that permeated the whole Farben organization ... For this reason, criminal responsibility goes beyond the actual immediate participants at
Auschwitz. It includes other Farben Vorstand
215:
for nitrogen fixation compensated for
Germany's being cut off from the Chilean nitrate trade and allowed IG Farben to produce synthetic nitrate and extract and process nitrogen for use in agricultural fertilizer. (Nitrate is an important component for the fabrication of explosives such as
446:... the record shows that Farben willingly cooperated and gladly utilized each new source of manpower as it developed. Disregard of basic human rights did not deter these defendants.
192:" or, more formally, as the "Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals" (NMT). The IG Farben Trial was the second of three trials of leading industrialists of
2271:
2131:
2491:
207:
The defendants in this case had all been directors of IG Farben, a large German conglomerate of chemical firms. The company had been a major factor already in
706:
292:
1264:
1052:
2708:
862:
2576:
975:
2526:
892:
2622:
1441:
The defendants Ilgner and Kugler were released immediately after the judgement since they had already been in custody longer than their sentence.
2541:
2536:
2124:
1762:
1388:
1680:
2117:
1650:"Trials of War Criminals before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10, October 1946 – April 1949"
1655:. VIII: "The I. G. Farben Case". Washington, D.C.: Nuernberg Military Tribunals, United States Government Printing Office. 1952.
89:
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61:
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were charged on count 4, "Membership in the SS". The SS had been declared a criminal organization previously by the IMT.
68:
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Judge Hebert filed a dissenting opinion, in which he argued that the defense of "necessity" did not apply and that
42:
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181:
75:
46:
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327:
252:, and thereby contributed much to Germany's ability to wage a war despite having been cut off from all major
185:
162:
121:
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57:
763:
432:
307:
was filed on May 3, 1947; the trial lasted from August 27, 1947, until July 30, 1948. Of the 24 defendants
331:
Monowitz prisoners unload cement from trains for IG Farben. Photograph entered into evidence at the trial.
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2209:
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237:
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2256:
1853:
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Planning, preparation, initiation, and waging of wars of aggression and invasions of other countries.
1673:
1452:
Capitalism´s Victor´s
Justice? The Hidden Stories Behind the Prosecution of Industrialists Post-WWII
2718:
2713:
452:
plant-managers and embraces all who knowingly participated in the shaping of the corporate policy.
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299:, and friend of Judge Shake, as an alternate judge. The Chief of Counsel for the Prosecution was
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35:
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2006:
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82:
1986:
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NMT – Die Nürnberger Militärtribunale zwischen
Geschichte, Gerechtigkeit und Rechtschöpfung
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1057:
934:
456:
Judge Hebert filed his statement on
December 28, 1948, nearly 5 months after the judgement.
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1951:
590:
351:
403:
Acting as leaders in a conspiracy to commit the crimes mentioned under counts 1, 2, and 3.
8:
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1991:
1946:
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264:
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256:. The charges consequently centered on preparing to wage an aggressive war, but also on
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2566:
2085:
2056:
1936:
1710:
1308:
442:
defendants should have been found guilty on count 3 of the indictment. He stated that:
196:
for their conduct during the Nazi regime. (The two other industrialist trials were the
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897:
2581:
2191:
2185:
2154:
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Von den Ursprüngen eines „Wirtschaftsvölkerstrafrechts“: Die I.G. Farben vor
Gericht.
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382:
170:
157:
was the private German chemicals company allied with the Nazis that manufactured the
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The
Authentic Records from the Nuremberg Tribunal Against the Oil and Drug Cartel
236:, the poison gas used at some Nazi extermination camps. IG Farben also developed
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2016:
2011:
1996:
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1474:
The
Nuremberg Military Tribunals and the Origins of International Criminal Law.
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the judgement "allowed the defendants the benefit of the defense of 'necessity
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2001:
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180:
The twelve trials were all held before U.S. military courts, not before the
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1981:
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1539:. Cambridge; New York; Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. p.
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War crimes and crimes against humanity through participation in the
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The “relay of life” to the next generation - IG Farben connection
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639:
386:
296:
263:
The judges in this case, heard before
Military Tribunal VI, were
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1802:
800:
Head of dept. I, in charge of nitrogen and gasoline production;
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232:(42.5 per cent owned by IG Farben) was the trademark holder of
145:
the U.S. authorities held in their occupation zone in Germany (
1401:
831:
515:
1797:
1757:
1023:
1702:
407:
All defendants were indicted on counts 1, 2, 3, and 5. Only
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1752:
837:
Head of the chemical warfare committee at the war ministry;
646:
249:
1535:
From Cooperation to Complicity: Degussa in the Third Reich
1818:
1363:
188:. The twelve U.S. trials are collectively known as the "
1012:
2 years including time already served-died 15 Nov 1950
802:
head of personnel dept., "supporting member" of the SS
397:
427:" (Telford Taylor, "The Nuremberg War Crimes Trials";
373:
on a gigantic scale of concentration camp inmates and
1407:
Head of sales for dyestuffs for south-eastern Europe
1458:. Heller and Simpson, Oxford University Press 2013,
134:
The United States of America vs. Carl Krauch, et al.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1425:1½ years including time already served; died 1968
1089:1½ years including time already served; died 1965
783:7 years, including time already served; died 1967
628:5 years, including time already served; died 1962
585:4 years, including time already served; died 1960
545:6 years, including time already served; died 1968
1303:8 years including time already served; died 1967
1285:head of construction at Monowitz (Auschwitz III)
1229:2 years including time already served; died 1954
1047:3 years including time already served; died 1966
970:6 years including time already served; died 1969
857:8 years including time already served; died 1990
2695:
2623:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
929:2 years including time already served-died 1966
161:gas used to commit genocide against millions of
1506:. Priemel und Stiller, Hamburger Edition 2013,
2125:
1718:
267:(presiding judge), former Chief Judge of the
760:Head of dept. II, which was in charge of the
725:Chief Counsel; Head of the legal department
431:, No. 450, April 1949). Only in the case of
396:Membership in a criminal organization, the
2709:United States Nuremberg Military Tribunals
2499:
2132:
2118:
1725:
1711:
184:, but took place in the same rooms at the
141:, was the sixth of the twelve trials for
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1456:The Hidden Histories of War Crime Trials
1355:Deputy of intelligence and plant police;
1283:Head of construction at Auschwitz plant;
839:production chief for Buna and Auschwitz
354:, and the seizure of plants in Austria,
326:
318:
120:
887:Removed from trial for medical reasons
2696:
1770:Chemische Fabrik vorm. Weiler Ter Meer
128:opens the case against the defendants.
2113:
1706:
1530:
562:Chairman of the Managing Board (CEO);
358:, Poland, Norway, France, and Russia.
323:IG Farben defendants read indictments
2139:
2092:
1029:Head of intelligence and propaganda
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
2473:Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach
1767:Chemische Fabrik Griesheim-Elektron
13:
1211:Manager of the Nitrogen Syndicate
1176:Pharmaceuticals; member of the SA
521:Chairman of the Supervisory Board;
14:
2745:
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1500:Das Urteil im I.G.-Farben-Prozess
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1134:
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904:
830:
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753:
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676:
638:
595:
555:
527:'s Office of the Four-Year Plan
514:
211:, when their development of the
23:
2547:Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier
1476:Oxford University Press, 2011,
1444:
946:Production chief at Auschwitz,
182:International Military Tribunal
34:needs additional citations for
1607:
1582:
1557:
1524:
1320:Intelligence and plant police
994:Head of the metals department
377:in occupied countries, and of
169:, homosexuals, socialists and
1:
1732:
1517:
459:
314:
2618:Nuremberg Military Tribunals
1438:— Indicted and found guilty
1434:— Indicted
762:chemical plant in Buna near
469:
7:
2532:Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
2210:Auguste Champetier de Ribes
2067:Monowitz concentration camp
1617:. Mazal.org. Archived from
1592:. Mazal.org. Archived from
1567:. Mazal.org. Archived from
190:Subsequent Nuremberg Trials
10:
2750:
2613:international criminal law
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683:Head of chemical research
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605:(Military Economy Leader);
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429:International Conciliation
289:Louisiana State University
16:Post-WWII war crimes trial
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2257:Henri Donnedieu de Vabres
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1964:
1924:
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1740:
1362:in the SS, member of the
475:
2668:" (1959 television play)
1870:Chief executive officers
381:, and the mistreatment,
171:other innocent civilians
2170:Crimes against humanity
1895:Non-executive directors
1645:from the Mazal Library.
344:crimes against humanity
2413:Joachim von Ribbentrop
2325:Konstantin von Neurath
1773:Chemische Fabrik Kalle
1668:Cite journal requires
454:
448:
332:
324:
129:
2673:Judgment at Nuremberg
2666:Judgment at Nuremberg
1531:Hayes, Peter (2004).
1383:Acquitted; died 1984
1338:Acquitted; died 1985
1259:Acquitted; died 1974
1194:Acquitted; died 1992
1159:Acquitted; died 1962
1124:Acquitted; died 1969
820:Acquitted; died 1972
743:Acquitted; died 1978
701:Acquitted; died 1954
666:Acquitted; died 1965
603:WehrwirtschaftsfĂĽhrer
449:
444:
330:
322:
287:of the Law School of
269:Indiana Supreme Court
124:
2650:That Justice Be Done
2628:Nuremberg principles
2587:Seweryna Szmaglewska
2562:Friedrich von Paulus
2428:Arthur Seyss-Inquart
2160:Crimes against peace
1952:Georg von Schnitzler
591:Georg von Schnitzler
393:of enslaved persons.
352:occupied territories
228:.) In World War II,
137:, also known as the
43:improve this article
2522:Walter Schellenberg
2403:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
2333:Baldur von Schirach
2204:François de Menthon
2022:Christian Schneider
2007:Carl Lautenschläger
1992:Erich von der Heyde
1947:Wilhelm Rudolf Mann
1681:Another description
1615:"The Mazal Library"
1590:"The Mazal Library"
1565:"The Mazal Library"
1498:Stefan H. Lindner:
1487:Florian JeĂźberger:
1344:Erich von der Heyde
1165:Wilhelm Rudolf Mann
1130:Carl Lautenschläger
949:ObersturmbannfĂĽhrer
789:Christian Schneider
707:August von Knieriem
417:Erich von der Heyde
409:Christian Schneider
293:Clarence F. Merrell
265:Curtis Grover Shake
213:Haber–Bosch process
149:) after the end of
2661:(1947 documentary)
2567:Erich Buschenhagen
2232:Alexander Volchkov
2057:IG Farben Building
1987:Heinrich BĂĽtefisch
1937:Heinrich Gattineau
1691:2019-07-03 at the
1309:Heinrich Gattineau
935:Heinrich BĂĽtefisch
413:Heinrich BĂĽtefisch
350:and spoliation of
333:
325:
130:
2691:
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2684:(2000 miniseries)
2600:
2599:
2582:Abraham Sutzkever
2486:
2485:
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2345:
2337:
2329:
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2237:Geoffrey Lawrence
2192:Hartley Shawcross
2186:Robert H. Jackson
2179:Chief prosecutors
2155:Nuremberg Charter
2107:
2106:
2035:
2034:
1960:
1959:
1643:Trial proceedings
1512:978-3-86854-577-7
1482:978-0-19-955431-7
1464:978-0-19-967114-4
1429:
1428:
240:for synthesizing
186:Palace of Justice
119:
118:
111:
93:
58:"IG Farben Trial"
2741:
2734:Holocaust trials
2729:1948 in case law
2724:1947 in case law
2658:Nuremberg Trials
2577:Eugene Kivelisha
2517:Dieter Wisliceny
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2433:Julius Streicher
2418:Alfred Rosenberg
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379:prisoners of war
295:, a lawyer from
260:and plundering.
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2714:1947 in Germany
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2292:Franz von Papen
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2188:(United States)
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2062:IG Farben Trial
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1956:
1920:
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1884:Hermann Schmitz
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1693:Wayback Machine
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1071:Chief engineer
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60: –
59:
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54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2679:
2671:
2656:
2648:
2633:Bibliography
2442:
2370:Erich Raeder
2360:Walther Funk
2341:Albert Speer
2262:Robert Falco
2096:
2084:
2061:
2027:Carl Wurster
1829:Polyurethane
1741:Predecessors
1661:cite journal
1623:. Retrieved
1619:the original
1609:
1598:. Retrieved
1594:the original
1584:
1573:. Retrieved
1569:the original
1559:
1534:
1526:
1503:
1499:
1492:
1488:
1473:
1455:
1451:
1445:Bibliography
1440:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1357:
1235:Carl Wurster
947:
893:Ernst BĂĽrgin
645:Director of
602:
455:
450:
445:
439:
437:
428:
421:
406:
346:through the
277:North Dakota
273:James Morris
262:
206:
194:Nazi Germany
179:
151:World War II
138:
133:
132:
131:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2676:(1961 film)
2653:(1945 film)
2537:Franz Blaha
2500:Prosecution
2466:No decision
2443:in absentia
2398:Alfred Jodl
2365:Rudolf Hess
2317:Karl Dönitz
2148:Legal basis
2047:American IG
1977:Otto Ambros
1917:(1940–1945)
1915:Carl Krauch
1911:(1935–1940)
1905:(1925–1935)
1886:(1935–1945)
1880:(1925–1935)
1392: [
1389:Hans Kugler
1268: [
1056: [
979: [
896: [
826:Otto Ambros
710: [
510:Carl Krauch
371:slave labor
367:deportation
363:enslavement
258:slave labor
209:World War I
202:Krupp Trial
198:Flick Trial
2698:Categories
2478:Robert Ley
2388:Hans Frank
2344:(20 years)
2336:(20 years)
2328:(15 years)
2320:(10 years)
2272:Defendants
2165:War crimes
2052:Buna Werke
2002:Hans KĂĽhne
1982:Otto Bayer
1972:Kurt Alder
1942:Max Ilgner
1909:Carl Bosch
1878:Carl Bosch
1786:Successors
1625:2013-01-05
1600:2013-01-05
1575:2013-01-05
1518:References
1095:Hans KĂĽhne
1018:Max Ilgner
952:in the SS
523:member of
460:Defendants
348:plundering
340:War crimes
315:Indictment
305:indictment
254:oil fields
143:war crimes
99:March 2018
69:newspapers
2704:IG Farben
2681:Nuremberg
2605:Aftermath
2492:Witnesses
2453:(suicide)
2306:Sentenced
2280:Acquitted
1834:Prontosil
1734:IG Farben
764:Auschwitz
566:Reichstag
479:Sentence
473:Function
433:Auschwitz
375:civilians
309:arraigned
238:processes
218:gunpowder
175:Holocaust
155:IG Farben
147:Nuremberg
2212:(France)
2206:(France)
2086:Category
1965:Chemists
1844:Zyklon B
1839:Resochin
1812:Products
1763:Cassella
1689:Archived
476:Charges
242:gasoline
234:Zyklon B
222:dynamite
200:and the
159:Zyklon B
2098:Commons
1777:Hoechst
387:torture
297:Indiana
230:Degesch
173:in the
83:scholar
2220:Judges
1854:People
1803:Sanofi
1547:
1510:
1502:. In:
1480:
1462:
1454:. In:
1419:
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539:
525:Göring
470:Photo
415:, and
391:murder
389:, and
303:. The
291:; and
246:rubber
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2642:Films
2380:Death
2040:Other
1925:Other
1798:Bayer
1758:Bayer
1653:(PDF)
1495:2009.
1396:]
1272:]
1060:]
983:]
900:]
714:]
467:Name
275:from
248:from
90:JSTOR
76:books
2353:Life
1793:BASF
1753:BASF
1748:AGFA
1674:help
1545:ISBN
1508:ISBN
1491:In:
1478:ISBN
1460:ISBN
647:AGFA
365:and
342:and
285:dean
250:coal
244:and
167:Roma
62:news
1541:279
1364:OKW
440:all
369:to
226:TNT
224:or
204:.)
45:by
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1663:}}
1659:{{
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