245:
4831:
1765:
1605:". Uses such as "applied and sociolinguistics" (instead of "applied linguistics and sociolinguistics") are frowned upon; the Indiana University style guide uses this example and says "Do not 'take a shortcut' when the first expression is ordinarily open" (i.e., ordinarily two separate words). This is different, however, from instances where prefixes that are normally closed up (styled solidly) are used suspensively. For example,
347:
1086:. Without the hyphen, there is potential confusion about whether the writer means a "player of American football" or an "American player of football" and whether the writer means paintings that are "little celebrated" or "celebrated paintings" that are little. Compound modifiers can extend to three or more words, as in
3386: ... 12. Adverbs: Adverbs do not need to be linked to participles or adjectives by hyphens in simple constructions . But if the adverb is one of two words together being used adjectivally, a hyphen may be needed . The hyphen is especially likely to be needed if the adverb is short and common, such as
2082:
looks identical to the regular hyphen, but word processors treat it as a letter so that the hyphenated word will not be divided at the hyphen should this fall at what would be the end of a line of text; instead, either the whole hyphenated word will remain in full at the end of the line or it will go
1924:
for hyphen-minus will not have the optimal width, thickness, or vertical position, whereas the minus character is typically designed so that it does. Nevertheless, in many spreadsheet and programming applications the hyphen-minus must be typed to indicate subtraction, as use of the
Unicode minus sign
315:
shows that
Gutenberg's movable type was set justified in a uniform style, 42 equal lines per page. The Gutenberg printing press required words made up of individual letters of type to be held in place by a surrounding nonprinting rigid frame. Gutenberg solved the problem of making each line the same
1126:
the term to which it applies, a hyphen is typically not used if the compound is a temporary compound. For example, "that gentleman is well respected", not "that gentleman is well-respected"; or "a patient-centered approach was used" but "the approach was patient centered." But permanent compounds,
1111:. Although the expression is technically ambiguous ("students of a high school"/"school students who are high"), it would normally be formulated differently if other than the first meaning were intended. Noun–noun compound modifiers may also be written without a hyphen when no confusion is likely:
411:
provide detailed usage recommendations and have a significant amount of overlap in what they advise. Hyphens are mostly used to break single words into parts or to join ordinarily separate words into single words. Spaces are not placed between a hyphen and either of the elements it connects except
3709:
In typescript, a double hyphen (--) is often used for a long dash. Double hyphens in a typeset document are a sure sign that the type was set by a typist, not a typographer. A typographer will use an em dash, three-quarter em, or en dash, depending on context or personal style. The em dash is the
1257:
Hyphens are usually used to connect numbers and words in modifying phrases. Such is the case when used to describe dimensional measurements of weight, size, and time, under the rationale that, like other compound modifiers, they take hyphens in attributive position (before the modified noun),
3671:
Some ASCII characters have multiple uses, either through ambiguity in the original standards or through accumulated reinterpretations of a limited codeset. For example, 27 hex is defined in ANSI X3.4 as apostrophe (closing single quotation mark; acute accent), and 2D hex as hyphen
172:, and an unambiguous form known familiarly as the "Unicode hyphen", shown at the top of the infobox on this page. The character most often used to represent a hyphen (and the one produced by the key on a keyboard) is called the "hyphen-minus" by Unicode, deriving from the original
1127:
found as headwords in dictionaries, are treated as invariable, so if they are hyphenated in the cited dictionary, the hyphenation will be used in both attributive and predicative positions. For example, "A cost-effective method was used" and "The method was cost-effective" (
2055:, is used. A soft hyphen can be used to change the previous letter to a round s in the middle of a word. For example, 'prinſeſſen' can be corrected by inserting a soft hyphen between the 'ſ 's: 'prinſeſ-ſen' becomes 'prinſesſen' (which is correct in Norwegian).
1504:) for their new family by combining their two surnames with a hyphen. Jane Doe and John Smith might become Jane and John Smith-Doe, or Doe-Smith, for instance. In some countries only the woman hyphenates her birth surname, appending her husband's surname.
3710:
nineteenth-century standard, still prescribed in many editorial style books, but the em dash is too long for use with the best text faces. Like the oversized space between sentences, it belongs to the padded and corseted aesthetic of
Victorian typography.
285:, the hyphen, still written beneath the text, reversed its meaning. Scribes used the mark to connect two words that had been incorrectly separated by a space. This era also saw the introduction of the marginal hyphen, for words broken across lines.
2250:
systems slashes in a filename introduce subdirectories which may not be desirable. Besides encouraging use of dashes, the Y-M-D order and zero-padding of numbers less than 10 are also copied from ISO 8601 to make the filenames sort by date order.
2009:) can often automatically make decisions on when to hyphenate a word at a line break, it is also sometimes useful for the user to be able to insert cues for those decisions (which are dynamic in the online medium, given that text can be
2214:
5008 in
Germany). Now all official European Union (and many member state) documents use this style. This is also the typical date format used in large parts of Europe and Asia, although sometimes with other separators than the hyphen.
427:
nouns and verbs has, in general, been steadily declining. Compounds that might once have been hyphenated are increasingly left with spaces or are combined into one word. Reflecting this changing usage, in 2007, the sixth edition of the
516:
When flowing text, it is sometimes preferable to break a word into two so that it continues on another line rather than moving the entire word to the next line. The word may be divided at the nearest break point between syllables
1016:
In nineteenth-century
American literature, hyphens were also used irregularly to divide syllables in words from indigenous North American languages, without regard for etymology or pronunciation, such as "Shuh-shuh-gah" (from
316:
length to fit the frame by inserting a hyphen as the last element at the right-side margin. This interrupted the letters in the last word, requiring the remaining letters be carried over to the start of the line below. His
420:). Style conventions that apply to hyphens (and dashes) have evolved to support ease of reading in complex constructions; editors often accept deviations if they aid rather than hinder easy comprehension.
2688:
With numbers, where a plural noun would normally be used in an unhyphenated predicative position, the singular form of the noun is generally used in the hyphenated form used attributively. Thus
1601:
This usage is now common and specifically recommended in some style guides. Suspended hyphens are also used, though less commonly, when the base word comes first, such as in "investor-owned and
521:) and a hyphen inserted to indicate that the letters form a word fragment, rather than a full word. This allows more efficient use of paper, allows flush appearance of right-side margins (
1971:. The character is usually followed by one or more letters that indicate specific actions. Typically it is called a dash or switch in this context. Various implementations of the
458:). The increasing prevalence of computer technology and the advent of the Internet have given rise to a subset of common nouns that might have been hyphenated in the past (e.g.,
2152:
mark on keyboards is ambiguous (it can be interpreted – sometimes unexpectedly – as a hyphen or a minus, depending on context), in addition the
931:). This use of the diaeresis peaked in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, but it was never applied extensively across the language: only a handful of diaereses, including
2032:
occur. It can be a tedious task to insert the soft hyphens by hand, and tools using hyphenation algorithms are available that do this automatically. Current modules of the
249:
1176:
However, if an adverb can also function as an adjective, then a hyphen may be or should be used for clarity, depending on the style guide. For example, the phrase
2058:
In contrast, a hyphen that is always displayed and printed is called a "hard hyphen". This can be a
Unicode hyphen, a hyphen-minus, or a nonbreaking hyphen (see
1979:, to specify long option names that are more descriptive than their single-letter equivalents. Another use of hyphens is that employed by programs written with
2098:
and a valid point at which to break a line when flowing text. However, this is not always desirable behavior, especially as it could lead to ambiguity (e.g.
361:. Almost nothing in this section is tied to reliable sources, and there's a great deal of prescriptivist punditry about "codification" of various "rules".
6013:
4416:
3289:
2725:
is preferred should one be needed. This avoids forcing a line break in an inconvenient place, should the text be reflowed. It becomes visible only if
1451:
clarifies that they stood near a group of people who loved aliens, as "alien" can be either an adjective or a noun. On the other hand, in the phrase
1593:) may be used when a single base word is used with separate, consecutive, hyphenated words that are connected by "and", "or", or "to". For example,
1386:, sometimes replaces the hyphen in hyphenated compounds if either of its constituent parts is already hyphenated or contains a space (for example,
479:
Despite decreased use, hyphenation remains the norm in certain compound-modifier constructions and, among some authors, with certain prefixes (see
2210:. This standard has been transposed as European Standard EN 28601 and has been incorporated into various national typographic style guides (e.g.,
622:
3320:
1901:
at U+2010 is generally inconvenient to enter on most keyboards and the glyphs for this hyphen and the hyphen-minus are identical in most fonts (
3473:
1432:(a tool that beats eggs), the result is sometimes hyphenated. Some authors do this consistently, others only for disambiguation; in this case,
4790:
529:. This kind of hyphenation is most useful when the width of the column (called the "line length" in typography) is very narrow. For example:
636:
for integral hyphens and a single hyphen for line-breaks, whereas
Kromhout's Afrikaans–English dictionary uses the opposite convention. The
4867:
3829:
1258:
although not in predicative position (after the modified noun). This is applied whether numerals or words are used for the numbers. Thus
1230:", might reasonably be judged superfluous (the syntax is unlikely to be misinterpreted), yet plenty of style guides call for it. Because
1161:, are less likely to need hyphens." In the 19th century, it was common to hyphenate adverb–adjective modifiers with the adverb ending in
232:
sign written below two adjacent letters to indicate that they belong to the same word when it was necessary to avoid ambiguity, before
3796:
1455:, the hyphen will often be omitted (a hungry pizza lover), as "pizza" cannot be an adjective and the phrase is therefore unambiguous.
1928:
The hyphen-minus is often used instead of dashes or minus signs in situations where the latter characters are unavailable (such as
2017:(discretionary hyphen, optional hyphen) was introduced, allowing such manual specification of a place where a hyphenated break is
1100:). However, if the compound is a familiar one, it is usually unhyphenated. For example, some style guides prefer the construction
5328:
2856:
3544:
1675:
Due to their similar appearances, hyphens are sometimes mistakenly used where an en dash or em dash would be more appropriate.
1131:
is a permanent compound that is hyphenated as a headword in various dictionaries). When one of the parts of the modifier is a
3695:
3527:
3500:
3465:
3438:
3081:
3007:
2934:
2907:
1547:. Use is often dictated by convention rather than fixed rules, and hyphenation styles may vary between authors; for example,
1507:
With already-hyphenated names, some parts are typically dropped. For example, Aaron
Johnson and Samantha Taylor-Wood became
3860:
3234:
2797:
1146:(e.g., "a poorly written novel"), various style guides advise no hyphen. However, some do allow for this use. For example,
577:
Rules (or guidelines) for correct hyphenation vary between languages, and may be complex, and they can interact with other
1623:) when suspended. Some editors prefer to avoid suspending such pairs, choosing instead to write out both words in full.
1060:
are groups of two or more words that jointly modify the meaning of another word. When a compound modifier other than an
3640:
3486:
3115:
3041:
2122:
th" could be used), and it is inappropriate in some languages other than
English (e.g., a line break at the hyphen in
1905:
is one of the few exceptions). Consequently, use of the hyphen-minus as the hyphen character is very common. Even the
1234:
has both adverbial and adjectival senses, its hyphenation can attract attention; some editors, due to comparison with
1804:
430:
390:
372:
5744:
4860:
2981:
1375:. However, at least one major style guide hyphenates spelled-out fractions invariably (whether adjective or noun).
6089:
1940:), or when the writer is unaware of the distinction. Consequently, some writers use two or three hyphen-minuses (
1052:
3454:
3242:
2959: There is no firm rule to help you decide which words are run together, hyphenated or left separate.
2484:(compatibility character for a wide katakana middle dot, has the Unicode property of "Hyphen" despite its name)
1786:
357:
4785:
3297:
1353:, hyphens are usually used when the fraction is used as an adjective but not when it is used as a noun: thus
1210:
reason" is not necessary, because the syntax cannot be misinterpreted.) A few short and common words—such as
335:
6036:
4670:
4632:
1527:
Connecting hyphens are used in a large number of miscellaneous compounds, other than modifiers, such as in
1487:
1153:
advises: "Adverbs do not need to be linked to participles or adjectives by hyphens in simple constructions
5759:
4853:
4816:
3885:
3562:
It is customary to insert a dash in G-d's name when written or printed on a medium that could be defaced.
3145:
2838:
2814:
2721:
The soft hyphen serves as an invisible marker that is used to specify a place in text where a hyphenated
2095:
698:) are sometimes hyphenated, especially when the unhyphenated spelling resembles another word or when the
593:
1683:
Some stark examples of semantic changes caused by the placement of hyphens to mark attributive phrases:
4396:
2809:
1173:
are unambiguous, because the adverbs clearly modify the adjectives: "quickly" cannot modify "vehicle".
522:
488:
17:
991:. This allows the hyphen to be reserved only for places where a hard hyphen is intended (for example,
4845:
4042:
3324:
3131:
3107:
The
History of Lexicography: Papers from the Dictionary Research Centre Seminar at Exeter, March 1986
1009:). Similarly, hyphens may be used to indicate how a word is being or should be spelled. For example,
702:
is deemed misinterpretable, ambiguous, or somehow "odd-looking" (for example, having two consecutive
638:
244:
3823:
2781:
2025:. That is, it does not force a line break in an inconvenient place when the text is later reflowed.
785:. When there are tripled letters, the hyphenated variant of these words is often more common (as in
4800:
4617:
4288:
4225:
3930:
3853:
3603:
1227:
1031:
719:
326:, appears throughout the Bible as a short, double line inclined to the right at a 60-degree angle.
3769:
3685:
3184:
1975:
function to parse command-line options additionally allow the use of two hyphen-minus characters,
3430:
2726:
2722:
1782:
1775:
368:
260:. At the time hyphenation was joining two words that would otherwise be read separately by a low
31:
722:
has been relatively familiarized or popularized through extensive use in various contexts. As a
589:, when employed in concert with dictionaries, are sufficient for all but the most formal texts.
4245:
3968:
2647:
2200:
2186:
2033:
1650:
It can also be used to indicate a range of values, although many styles prefer an en dash (see
1350:
592:
It may be necessary to distinguish an incidental line-break hyphen from one integral to a word
3517:
3073:
2924:
2897:
554:
We, therefore, the
6031:
5145:
4720:
4220:
4215:
4128:
4115:
3948:
3746:
3031:
2997:
2006:
1501:
1491:
914:
742:
707:
586:
271:
157:
3105:
2853:
6084:
6058:
6041:
5927:
5502:
4512:
4153:
4007:
3656:
2043:) fonts will change the character at the end of a word. An example is a font that places a
1508:
1026:
703:
307:
hyphen, and he thus moved it to the middle of the line. Examination of an original copy on
2782:"American National Standard X3.4-1977: American Standard Code for Information Interchange"
1072:
a term, the compound modifier is often hyphenated to prevent misunderstanding, such as in
710:
of English, like e+a, e+e, or e+i). However, the unhyphenated style, which is also called
8:
6048:
5774:
5672:
5562:
5517:
5085:
4930:
4900:
4834:
4795:
4708:
4602:
4457:
4435:
4425:
4293:
3900:
3890:
3846:
2623:
2492:. The characters below do not have the Unicode property of "Hyphen" despite their names:
2192:
2010:
1968:
1902:
1516:
1447:, which without a hyphen implies that they stood near a group of lovers who were aliens;
628:
492:
312:
2926:
Shady Characters: The Secret Life of Punctuation, Symbols, and Other Typographical Marks
2899:
Shady Characters: The Secret Life of Punctuation, Symbols, and Other Typographical Marks
6063:
6053:
4758:
4685:
4665:
4655:
4627:
4597:
4557:
4184:
4047:
4032:
3973:
3963:
3424:
2153:
1658:
1512:
952:
609:
526:
289:
149:
4680:
2787:. National Institute of Standards and Technology. p. 10 (4.2 Graphic characters).
917:
may also be used in a like fashion, either to separate and mark off monographs (as in
5400:
5343:
4703:
4622:
4577:
4507:
3978:
3806:
3691:
3636:
3523:
3496:
3461:
3434:
3238:
3166:
3111:
3077:
3066:
3037:
3003:
2930:
2903:
2700:. There are occasional exceptions to this general rule, for instance with fractions (
2243:
2132:
2091:
2084:
1937:
1226:—attract special attention in this category. The hyphen in "well- noun", such as in "
1057:
1048:
412:
when using a suspended or "hanging" hyphen that stands in for a repeated word (e.g.,
134:, which is also wider and usually drawn a little higher to match the crossbar in the
1948:) to represent an em dash. In the TeX typesetting languages, a single hyphen-minus (
1165:(e.g., "a craftily-constructed chair"). However, this has become rare. For example,
5789:
5710:
5634:
5294:
4589:
4542:
4381:
4328:
4189:
3999:
3801:
3381:(11th ed.). London / New York: Profile Books / PublicAffairs. pp. 77–78.
3203:
2174:
1988:
1906:
1640:
1136:
601:
424:
404:
261:
2971:
987:, sometimes called a "middle dot" or "hyphenation point", for this purpose, as in
927:
6020:
5962:
5577:
4725:
4612:
4607:
4527:
4495:
4386:
4123:
3925:
3255:
2819:
2454:(compatibility character for a small hyphen-minus, used in East Asian typography)
1980:
1912:
The hyphen-minus has limited use in indicating subtraction; for example, compare
1466:; the first refers to a shark that eats people, and the second to a man who eats
1428:
1018:
976:
518:
484:
300:
257:
2999:
Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged
2750:
2469:(compatibility character for a wide hyphen-minus, used in East Asian typography)
364:
5824:
5002:
4730:
4675:
4552:
4355:
4179:
4133:
4067:
4037:
3905:
3579:
3545:"Why Don't Jews Say G‑d's Name? - On the use of the word "Hashem" - Chabad.org"
3456:
Le Système international d'unités (SI) / The International System of Units (SI)
2954:(11th ed.). London / New York: Profile Books / PublicAffairs. p. 74.
2759:
2635:
2218:
This method has gained influence within North America, as most common computer
2123:
893:
773:, and so on. Words often lose their hyphen as they become more common, such as
278:
3817:
word breaking, line breaks, and special characters (including hyphens) in HTML
3574:
3349:
304:
6078:
5912:
5532:
5460:
5279:
5256:
4522:
4490:
4480:
4360:
3619:
Many people confuse hyphens and dashes because they look similar in printing.
3230:
3222:
2860:
2805:
2641:
2567:
1867:. Unicode has, in addition, other encodings for minus and hyphen characters:
1669:
1632:
1148:
726:, affixes are not hyphenated unless the lack of a hyphen would hurt clarity.
723:
633:
317:
3469:
1651:
1519:
is a descendant of Louis Lemlé Dreyfus whose son was Léopold Louis-Dreyfus.
1030:. This usage is now rare and proscribed, except in some place names such as
5997:
5657:
5415:
5214:
4780:
4660:
4547:
4532:
4502:
4462:
4445:
4199:
4169:
4143:
4052:
3895:
3877:
2659:
2273:
2207:
2206:. Thus, for example, 1789-07-14 is the standard way of writing the date of
2028:
Soft hyphens are inserted into the text at the positions where hyphenation
1823:
1644:
1330:. When the unit names are spelled out, this recommendation does not apply:
643:
suggested repeating an integral hyphen at the start of the following line.
256:
The first known documentation of the hyphen is in the grammatical works of
233:
161:
5729:
5475:
2833:
1984:
5445:
5381:
5366:
5309:
4877:
4775:
4770:
4763:
4753:
4567:
4517:
4472:
4412:
4376:
4347:
4335:
4315:
4138:
4090:
3958:
2421:
2287:
2219:
2191:
Use of hyphens to delineate the parts of a written date (rather than the
2014:
2000:
1929:
1132:
847:
843:
582:
578:
496:
408:
282:
165:
145:
91:
3723:
3485:
2160:
for an unambiguous minus and an unambiguous hyphen. The Unicode hyphen (
1852:) is also assigned to this character in Unicode, where it is denoted as
5885:
5687:
5615:
4979:
4881:
4748:
4562:
4452:
4305:
4298:
4275:
4230:
4194:
4148:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4080:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3869:
3549:
3218:
2653:
2619:
2489:
2196:
1933:
1789: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1467:
984:
951:, etc. are seldom encountered. In borrowings from Modern French, whose
910:) is a common variant, particularly among oncologists and geneticists.
804:
597:
128:
4875:
2656: – Naming dispute over the name for post-Communist Czechoslovakia
2062:). Confusingly, the term is sometimes limited to nonbreaking hyphens.
1515:. Not all hyphenated surnames are the result of marriage. For example
6025:
5843:
5430:
5100:
5040:
5017:
4945:
4240:
4235:
4012:
3940:
3824:
Unicode interpretation of SOFT HYPHEN breaks ISO 8859-1 compatibility
3816:
2662: – Form of hyphen used in ancient Greek ("Papyrological hyphen")
2247:
2223:
2157:
1199:
1065:
799:
605:
500:
466:
219:
207:
195:
135:
3495:(6th ed.), Washington, DC: American Psychological Association,
1840:
is identical to ASCII (the 1967 version) for all encodings up to 127
1764:
959:, various English dictionaries list the dieresis as optional (as in
375:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
5943:
5130:
5115:
4713:
4572:
4391:
4264:
4250:
4075:
4027:
3321:"Using Hyphens in Compound Adjectives (and Exceptions to the Rule)"
2976:
2203:
2140:
would be undesirable). The nonbreaking hyphen addresses this need.
2040:
2036:(CSS) standard provide language-specific hyphenation dictionaries.
1987:
of a filename, with the hyphen then serving as an indicator that a
1412:
1322:
1306:
956:
472:
266:
225:
99:
3130:
A fairly comprehensive list, although not exhaustive, is given at
1736:
are an indeterminate number of trees that are each 300 years old.
939:, are encountered with any appreciable frequency in English; thus
5981:
5870:
5055:
4537:
4323:
4174:
4085:
4017:
3953:
2665:
2235:
1837:
1497:
1379:
863:
825:
620:) but also to differentiate appearance (with a different glyph).
460:
153:
121:
114:
3492:
The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association
1326:)—the numerical value is always separated from it with a space:
525:) without oddly large word spaces, and decreases the problem of
30:
This article is about the punctuation mark. For other uses, see
5191:
4057:
3812:
3690:(third ed.). Hartley & Marks, Publishers. p. 80.
2044:
1972:
1909:
regularly uses the hyphen-minus rather than the U+2010 hyphen.
1402:). A commonly used alternative style is the hyphenated string (
1061:
671:
651:
308:
2668: – South Korean boy band, whose name refers to the hyphen
1967:
The hyphen-minus character is also often used when specifying
1631:
A hyphen may be used to connect groups of numbers, such as in
5592:
5547:
5070:
4915:
4283:
4022:
3990:
3838:
3826:. Unicode Technical Committee document L2/03-155R, June 2003.
3470:"Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)"
2798:
1921:
1829:
1316:
1300:
1142:
When the first modifier in a compound is an adverb ending in
922:
775:
745:. Some words have both hyphenated and unhyphenated variants:
699:
617:
213:
201:
189:
173:
3344:
3342:
5237:
4639:
4485:
4430:
2231:
407:
does not have definitive hyphenation rules, though various
110:
95:
3830:
United States Government Printing Office Style Manual 2000
1932:
or ASCII-only text), where they take effort to enter (via
1183:("reasons that are more important") is distinguished from
264:
between the two words. In Greek these marks were known as
3339:
2227:
2211:
1832:
character encoding, the hyphen (or minus) is character 45
1662:
1426:
When an object is compounded with a verbal noun, such as
983:. Various British and North American dictionaries use an
835:
600:) or present in an original text being quoted (when in a
252:
from the University of Texas copy. The page has 40 lines.
3797:
Wiktionary list of English phrases spelled with a hyphen
3575:"Like vs. Like-Like: A Look at Reduplication in English"
3515:
1952:) renders a hyphen, a single hyphen-minus in math mode (
1410:). (For other aspects of en dash–versus–hyphen use, see
1254:
clarifies that one is not speaking of little paintings.
3490:
2650: – Spelling and punctuation of the French language
2439:(has the Unicode property of "Hyphen" despite its name)
1295:
1139:, there is no hyphen (e.g., "a South American actor").
1478:
is a government program that monitors something else.
1157:... Less common adverbs, including all those that end
434:
removed the hyphens from 16,000 entries, such as
2094:
rules of most text systems consider a hyphen to be a
1053:
English compound § Hyphenated compound modifiers
3418:
3416:
3414:
3402:. Less common adverbs, including all those that end
3124:
1665:", although an en dash can be used as well ("G–d").
729:
The hyphen may be used between vowel letters (e.g.,
3807:
Using hyphens in English; rules and recommendations
2106:would be indistinguishable with a line break after
1474:is a program that monitors the government, whereas
955:utilizes the diaeresis as a means to differentiate
798:Closed-up style is avoided in some cases: possible
3065:
2488:Unicode distinguishes the hyphen from the general
511:
334:For Knowledge's own standards for hyphen use, see
3509:
3411:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3262:. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
3132:Prefix > List of English derivational prefixes
2420:(used in ancient Near-Eastern linguistics and in
483:). Hyphenation is also routinely used as part of
6076:
3036:. Allied Publishers. p. xxxviii, § 8.
1960:) renders an en dash, and three hyphen-minuses (
491:texts to avoid unsightly spacing (especially in
288:The modern format of the hyphen originated with
3479:
3372:
3370:
3160:
3158:
3068:Afrikaans–English, English–Afrikaans Dictionary
2684:
2682:
2083:in full to the beginning of the next line. The
1898:
1657:It is sometimes used to hide letters in words (
1419:
970:
102:of a single word. The use of hyphens is called
3770:"L2/21-036 Proposal to add the OBLIQUE HYPHEN"
3474:National Institute of Standards and Technology
3274:
3002:. Merriam-Webster. p. 14a, § 1.6.1.
2943:
2135:
1093:, and can be adverbial as well as adjectival (
718:, is usually preferred, particularly when the
4861:
4791:Intellectual property protection of typefaces
3854:
2922:
2895:
2143:
1443:An example of an ambiguous phrase appears in
906:, the solid (that is, unhyphenated) styling (
152:for use with computers, it is represented in
4333:
3367:
3155:
3097:
3057:
3023:
2679:
2644: – Historic punctuation mark (⹀)
2177:uses U+002D instead of U+2010 in its text.
1956:) renders a minus sign, two hyphen-minuses (
1742:are three trees that are each 100 years old.
1652:Dash § En dash §§ Ranges of values
623:Webster's Third New International Dictionary
3741:
3739:
3737:
3630:
3453:Bureau international des poids et mesures,
2916:
2878:
2872:
2126:
1991:, instead of a file, is to be worked with.
1983:in mind: a single hyphen may be recognized
566:We, therefore, the represen-
148:concept, the hyphen is a single entity. In
4868:
4854:
3861:
3847:
3683:
3519:The Writer's Digest grammar desk reference
2929:. W.W. Norton & Company. p. 132.
2902:. W.W. Norton & Company. p. 121.
2889:
2638: – Concept in international relations
2110:), it does not split off an ending as in "
613:
480:
127:and others), which are wider, or with the
4817:Punctuation and other typographic symbols
1805:Learn how and when to remove this message
1636:
1488:Spanish naming customs § Hyphenation
391:Learn how and when to remove this message
6014:Version of this table as a sortable list
3734:
3542:
3487:American Psychological Association (APA)
3110:. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 9.
3103:
3063:
3029:
2989:
2259:Unicode has multiple hyphen characters:
2059:
1994:
1920:(hyphen-minus) — in most typefaces, the
1696:is a disease that causes poor nutrition.
1187:("additional important reasons"), where
975:Hyphens are occasionally used to denote
967:) despite the juxtaposition of a and i.
646:
336:Knowledge:Manual of Style § Hyphens
243:
212:), "in one" (literally "under one"). An
169:
3767:
3721:
3422:
2180:
2051:at the end of a word, where a round s,
1748:are 300 trees that are each a year old.
1690:is poor nutrition that causes disease.
1449:they stood near a group of alien-lovers
1445:they stood near a group of alien lovers
188:The word is derived from Ancient Greek
14:
6077:
3664:Unicode Version 1.0 · Character Blocks
3601:
3522:. Writer's Digest Books. p. 296.
3429:(10th ed.). Oxford, Oxfordshire:
3201:
2242:to introduce and separate switches to
2065:
2013:). For this purpose, the concept of a
1400:public-school–private-school rivalries
1373:I kept three quarters of it for myself
741:) to indicate that they do not form a
109:The hyphen is sometimes confused with
4849:
3842:
3631:Haralambous, Yannis (2007). "ASCII".
3602:Gunner, Jennifer (22 February 2010).
3543:Davidson, Baruch (23 February 2011).
3318:
2405:(used only as a line-breaking hyphen)
1042:
176:standard, where it was called "hyphen
5866: ⟨ ⟩
3768:Everson, Michael (12 January 2021).
3604:"When and How To Use a Hyphen ( - )"
3376:
3296:. Indiana University. Archived from
3182:
2995:
2972:"Small object of grammatical desire"
2949:
2846:
1787:adding citations to reliable sources
1758:
1659:filleting for redaction or censoring
1566:
340:
299:with the publication of his 42-line
248:First page of the first volume: the
3722:Korpela, Jukka K. (December 2020).
3516:Gary Lutz; Diane Stevenson (2005).
3406:, are less likely to need hyphens .
2866:
1754:
1496:Some married couples compose a new
27:Punctuation mark used to join words
24:
3323:(Grammar tip). UHV. Archived from
2831:
2246:commands, and on both Windows and
1728:is a man who is eating shark meat.
1678:
1522:
1492:Portuguese name § Hyphenation
568:tatives of the United States
25:
6101:
3813:Soft hyphen (SHY)—a hard problem?
3790:
3687:The elements of typographic style
3423:Iverson, Cheryl (2007). "8.3.1".
3227:The Elements of Technical Writing
2863:". 2005. Accessed 7 October 2014.
2854:Greek Unicode Issues: Punctuation
1817:
1481:
1206:. (In contrast, the hyphen in "a
431:Shorter Oxford English Dictionary
329:
4830:
4829:
3747:"Unicode 16.0 UCD: PropList.txt"
3472:, NIST Special Publication 811,
3319:Davis, John (30 November 2004).
2982:British Broadcasting Corporation
2874:Ελληνικός Οργανισμός Τυποποίησης
1897:, respectively. The unambiguous
1763:
1369:I drank two thirds of the bottle
345:
303:. His tools did not allow for a
250:epistle of St Jerome to Paulinus
3761:
3715:
3677:
3649:
3624:
3595:
3567:
3536:
3447:
3312:
3247:
3212:
3195:
3176:
3137:
2964:
2715:
2583:KATAKANA-HIRAGANA DOUBLE HYPHEN
2239:
2199:countries) is specified in the
1976:
1945:
1941:
1774:needs additional citations for
1476:a government monitoring program
1472:A government-monitoring program
1404:hormone-receptor-positive cells
1392:hormone receptor–positive cells
512:Justification and line-wrapping
55:
3868:
3635:. O'Reilly Media. p. 29.
2825:
2791:
2774:
2743:
2277:, a character of multiple uses
1712:is a working man who is tough.
1694:Disease causing poor nutrition
1688:Disease-causing poor nutrition
1608:preoperative and postoperative
1595:short-term and long-term plans
13:
1:
4786:History of Western typography
3802:Economist Style Guide—Hyphens
3260:Bloomberg School Style Manual
3202:Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth.
3144:"Hyphenated Words: A Guide",
2996:Gove, Philip Babcock (1993).
2736:
2482:HALFWIDTH KATAKANA MIDDLE DOT
1721:is a shark that eats humans.
1626:
814:(the act of creating again),
556:representatives of the United
506:
293:
160:. These include the dual-use
4633:traditional point-size names
3669:Loose vs. Precise Semantics.
3294:The IU editorial style guide
3104:Hartmann, R. Rf. K. (1986).
3072:. Hippocrene Books. p.
2729:occurs at the end of a line.
2648:French orthography § Hyphens
2626:for more round characters.)
2087:exists for similar reasons.
1746:Three hundred year-old trees
1740:Three hundred-year-old trees
1734:Three-hundred-year-old trees
1500:(sometimes referred to as a
1420:Object–verbal-noun compounds
1388:San Francisco–area residents
1294:. However, with symbols for
1191:is an adjective. Similarly,
971:Syllabification and spelling
898:is still hyphenated by both
220:
208:
196:
183:
7:
3886:Canons of page construction
3684:Bringhurst, Robert (2004).
3350:"Hyphenated Compound Words"
2839:Online Etymology Dictionary
2690:a woman who is 28 years old
2629:
2222:make the use of slashes in
2173:) is seldom used. Even the
1599:short- and long-term plans.
1252:little-celebrated paintings
1250:. Similarly, the hyphen in
604:), not only to control its
371:the claims made and adding
10:
6106:
5329:inverted ! and ?
3608:grammar.yourdictionary.com
2799:
2389:MONGOLIAN TODO SOFT HYPHEN
2347:And in non-Latin scripts:
2254:
2184:
1998:
1821:
1563:may be hyphenated or not.
1485:
1462:is nearly the opposite of
1408:cell-cycle-related factors
1396:cell cycle–related factors
1242:, like the parallelism of
1046:
1037:
551:
533:
333:
239:
214:
202:
190:
29:
6009:
5897:
5801:
5745:sound recording copyright
5699:
5604:
5487:
5355:
5268:
5203:
5029:
4889:
4825:
4809:
4741:
4694:
4648:
4588:
4471:
4411:
4369:
4346:
4314:
4274:
4263:
4208:
4162:
4114:
4066:
4043:Subscript and superscript
3998:
3989:
3939:
3876:
3815:(See also his article on
3379:The Economist Style Guide
3185:"American Indian Hyphens"
3030:Chambers, Allied (2006).
2952:The Economist Style Guide
2879:
2873:
2704:) and irregular plurals (
2506:CANADIAN SYLLABICS HYPHEN
2226:difficult or impossible.
2148:Because the conventional
2047:, 'ſ ', everywhere
1705:is a man who works hard.
1288:the woman is 28 years old
1228:well-differentiated cells
1122:When a compound modifier
925:terminal e (for example,
904:Merriam-Webster's Medical
639:Concise Oxford Dictionary
423:The use of the hyphen in
313:U. S. Library of Congress
311:(Hubay index #35) in the
277:With the introduction of
53:
46:
41:
4801:Vox-ATypI classification
3931:Intentionally blank page
2672:
2375:HEBREW PUNCTUATION MAQAF
2312:‐, ‐
1925:will not be recognised.
1637:§ Usage in date notation
1314:of these units (such as
1117:department store manager
3431:Oxford University Press
3377:Wroe, Ann, ed. (2015).
3033:The Chambers Dictionary
2950:Wroe, Ann, ed. (2015).
2883:. ELOT (Athens), 2001.
2815:A Greek–English Lexicon
2599:YEZIDI HYPHENATION MARK
2195:used conventionally in
1899:§ "Unicode hyphen"
1620:pre- and post-operative
1434:egg-beater, egg beater,
1167:wholly owned subsidiary
32:Hyphen (disambiguation)
6090:Punctuation of English
5862: { }
5854: ( )
5839: « »
5835: ‹ ›
5820: " "
5816: ' '
5812: “ ”
5808: ‘ ’
4334:
3147:The Grammar Curmudgeon
3064:Kromhout, Jan (2001).
2923:Keith Houston (2013).
2896:Keith Houston (2013).
2467:FULLWIDTH HYPHEN-MINUS
2201:international standard
2187:Date format by country
2136:
2127:
2066:Nonbreaking hyphens
2034:Cascading Style Sheets
2007:hyphenation algorithms
1964:) renders an em dash.
1614:pre- and postoperative
1236:advanced-stage disease
1204:more beautiful scenery
1185:more important reasons
1171:quickly moving vehicle
808:(fun or sport) versus
587:Hyphenation algorithms
558:States of America ...
253:
3832:6. Compounding Rules]
3657:"3.1 General scripts"
3633:Fonts & Encodings
3468:, sub§5.4.3, p. 149;
2806:Liddell, Henry George
2706:a two-criteria review
2702:a two-thirds majority
2553:HYPHEN WITH DIAERESIS
2418:DOUBLE OBLIQUE HYPHEN
2185:Further information:
1999:Further information:
1995:Soft and hard hyphens
1585:, or less commonly a
1502:double-barrelled name
1310:)—in contrast to the
1292:a wingspan of 32 feet
1268:twenty-eight-year-old
1047:Further information:
1011:W-O-R-D spells "word"
850:nouns or adjectives (
846:); combinations with
647:Prefixes and suffixes
614:hard and soft hyphens
247:
6059:Japanese punctuation
5760:registered trademark
5645: |
5503:plus and minus signs
4896:
4671:Typographic features
3728:IT and Communication
3724:"Dashes and hyphens"
3235:Macmillan Publishers
3205:The Song of Hiawatha
2984:. 20 September 2007.
2181:Use in date notation
2114:‑th" (though
1969:command-line options
1783:improve this article
1668:It is often used in
1509:Aaron Taylor-Johnson
1453:a hungry pizza-lover
1102:high school students
1068:combination appears
1027:The Song of Hiawatha
989:syl·la·bi·fi·ca·tion
981:syl-la-bi-fi-ca-tion
921:) or to signalize a
887:pre-1492 cartography
499:, as when used with
70:Non-breaking hyphen
6049:Chinese punctuation
5775:service mark symbol
5518:multiplication sign
5036: &
4796:Technical lettering
4695:Typography in other
4436:Hanging punctuation
3583:. 26 September 2013
3426:AMA Manual of Style
2880:ΕΛΟΤ 743, 2η Έκδοση
2624:bullet (typography)
2437:KATAKANA MIDDLE DOT
2327:NON-BREAKING HYPHEN
2072:non-breaking hyphen
2005:Although software (
1903:Lucida Sans Unicode
1551:is also written as
1517:Julia Louis-Dreyfus
1328:a 25 kg sphere
1248:early-onset disease
1244:early-stage disease
1240:adult-onset disease
1202:) is distinct from
1113:grade point average
1024:, "blue heron") in
818:(turn back) versus
706:that look like the
629:Chambers Dictionary
596:(as when used in a
538:without hyphenation
292:of Mainz, Germany,
200:), contracted from
6064:Korean punctuation
6054:Hebrew punctuation
4759:Handwriting script
4686:Desktop publishing
4656:Character encoding
4649:Digital typography
4163:Horizontal aspects
4116:Visual distinction
3974:Widows and orphans
2710:a two-teeth bridge
2452:SMALL HYPHEN-MINUS
2343:for medieval texts
2154:Unicode consortium
2076:nonbreaking hyphen
1938:keyboard shortcuts
1597:may be written as
1561:lily-of-the-valley
1529:lily-of-the-valley
1513:Sam Taylor-Johnson
1464:a man eating shark
1460:a man-eating shark
1089:ice-cream-flavored
1058:Compound modifiers
1043:Compound modifiers
1000:un·self-con·scious
881:pre-1949 diplomacy
356:possibly contains
290:Johannes Gutenberg
254:
170:nonbreaking hyphen
156:by any of several
150:character encoding
94:mark used to join
6072:
6071:
5401:ordinal indicator
5344:irony punctuation
4843:
4842:
4590:Typographic units
4508:For position only
4407:
4406:
4259:
4258:
3697:978-0-88179-206-5
3529:978-1-58297-335-7
3502:978-1-4338-0562-2
3466:978-92-822-2272-0
3440:978-0-19-517633-9
3327:on 9 January 2010
3083:978-0-7818-0846-0
3009:978-0-87779-201-7
2936:978-0-393-06442-1
2909:978-0-393-06442-1
2859:6 August 2012 at
2832:Harper, Douglas.
2520:HYPHENATION POINT
2403:BALINESE PAMENENG
2144:"Unicode hyphen"
2092:word segmentation
2085:nonbreaking space
1815:
1814:
1807:
1641:telephone numbers
1579:suspensive hyphen
1567:Suspended hyphens
1082:little-celebrated
1075:American-football
1049:Compound modifier
869:anti-TNF antibody
575:
574:
416:twentieth-century
401:
400:
393:
358:original research
79:
78:
74:
73:
16:(Redirected from
6097:
6021:Currency symbols
6001:
6000:
5994:
5986:
5985:
5984:(paragraph mark)
5978:
5974:
5966:
5965:
5959:
5955:
5947:
5946:
5940:
5932:
5931:
5924:
5916:
5915:
5909:
5905:
5889:
5888:
5882:
5874:
5873:
5867:
5863:
5859:
5855:
5847:
5846:
5840:
5836:
5828:
5827:
5821:
5817:
5813:
5809:
5793:
5792:
5790:trademark symbol
5786:
5778:
5777:
5771:
5763:
5762:
5756:
5748:
5747:
5741:
5733:
5732:
5726:
5724:
5714:
5713:
5711:copyright symbol
5707:
5691:
5690:
5684:
5676:
5675:
5669:
5661:
5660:
5654:
5650:
5646:
5638:
5637:
5631:
5629:
5619:
5618:
5612:
5596:
5595:
5589:
5581:
5580:
5574:
5566:
5565:
5559:
5551:
5550:
5544:
5536:
5535:
5529:
5521:
5520:
5514:
5506:
5505:
5499:
5495:
5479:
5478:
5472:
5464:
5463:
5457:
5449:
5448:
5442:
5434:
5433:
5427:
5419:
5418:
5412:
5404:
5403:
5397:
5393:
5385:
5384:
5378:
5370:
5369:
5363:
5347:
5346:
5340:
5332:
5331:
5325:
5321:
5313:
5312:
5306:
5298:
5297:
5295:exclamation mark
5291:
5283:
5282:
5276:
5260:
5259:
5253:
5249:
5241:
5240:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5218:
5217:
5211:
5195:
5194:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5180:
5176:
5173:
5169:
5166:
5162:
5159:
5149:
5148:
5142:
5134:
5133:
5127:
5119:
5118:
5112:
5104:
5103:
5097:
5089:
5088:
5082:
5074:
5073:
5067:
5059:
5058:
5052:
5044:
5043:
5037:
5021:
5020:
5014:
5006:
5005:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4983:
4982:
4976:
4972:
4964:
4963:
4957:
4949:
4948:
4942:
4934:
4933:
4927:
4919:
4918:
4912:
4904:
4903:
4897:
4870:
4863:
4856:
4847:
4846:
4833:
4832:
4810:Related template
4742:Related articles
4543:Phototypesetting
4397:reverse-contrast
4382:Display typeface
4339:
4316:Blackletter type
4272:
4271:
4209:Vertical aspects
4190:Sentence spacing
4000:Typeface anatomy
3996:
3995:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3840:
3839:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3774:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3743:
3732:
3731:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3706:
3704:
3681:
3675:
3674:
3661:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3614:
3599:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3559:
3557:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3483:
3477:
3460:(Sèvres: 2019),
3451:
3445:
3444:
3420:
3409:
3408:
3374:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3346:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3285:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3251:
3245:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3183:Liberman, Mark.
3180:
3174:
3172:
3162:
3153:
3151:
3141:
3135:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3071:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
2993:
2987:
2985:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2864:
2852:Nicolas, Nick. "
2850:
2844:
2843:
2829:
2823:
2802:
2801:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2747:
2730:
2719:
2713:
2697:
2686:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2570:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2283:
2276:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2241:
2175:Unicode Standard
2172:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2139:
2130:
2054:
1978:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1919:
1915:
1907:Unicode Standard
1896:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1810:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1790:
1767:
1759:
1755:Use in computing
1726:man eating shark
1719:man-eating shark
1710:hard working man
1703:hard-working man
1621:
1615:
1609:
1604:
1575:suspended hyphen
1440:are all common.
1385:
1378:In English, an
1364:
1357:
1343:
1335:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1209:
1195:
1180:
1156:
1137:proper adjective
1108:
1097:
1096:spine-tinglingly
1090:
1083:
1076:
1007:
1001:
995:
896:
888:
882:
876:
870:
860:
859:de-Stalinisation
854:
842:(organized into
832:
822:
812:
789:
783:
770:
763:
756:
749:
696:
690:
684:
678:
616:having the same
608:behavior (which
602:critical edition
547:with hyphenation
532:
531:
425:English compound
417:
414:nineteenth- and
405:English language
396:
389:
385:
382:
376:
373:inline citations
349:
348:
341:
324:
298:
295:
231:
223:
217:
216:
211:
205:
204:
199:
193:
192:
179:
140:
133:
126:
119:
98:and to separate
88:
56:
39:
38:
21:
6105:
6104:
6100:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6095:
6094:
6075:
6074:
6073:
6068:
6005:
5996:
5993: §
5992:
5990:
5980:
5977: ⸿
5976:
5973: ¶
5972:
5970:
5961:
5958: ⌑
5957:
5954: ◊
5953:
5951:
5942:
5939: ☞
5938:
5936:
5930:(hedera, aldus)
5926:
5923: ❧
5922:
5920:
5911:
5908: ‡
5907:
5904: †
5903:
5901:
5893:
5884:
5881: ”
5880:
5878:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5857:
5853:
5851:
5842:
5838:
5834:
5832:
5823:
5819:
5815:
5811:
5807:
5805:
5797:
5788:
5784:
5782:
5773:
5769:
5767:
5758:
5755: ®
5754:
5752:
5743:
5740: ℗
5739:
5737:
5728:
5722:
5720:
5718:
5709:
5706: ©
5705:
5703:
5695:
5686:
5683: ·
5682:
5680:
5671:
5668: •
5667:
5665:
5656:
5653: ‖
5652:
5649: ¦
5648:
5644:
5642:
5633:
5627:
5625:
5623:
5614:
5611: _
5610:
5608:
5600:
5591:
5588: ^
5587:
5585:
5578:minus-plus sign
5576:
5573: ∓
5572:
5570:
5563:plus–minus sign
5561:
5558: ±
5557:
5555:
5546:
5543: ~
5542:
5540:
5531:
5528: ÷
5527:
5525:
5516:
5513: ×
5512:
5510:
5501:
5498: −
5497:
5494: +
5493:
5491:
5483:
5474:
5471: ⌀
5470:
5468:
5459:
5456: °
5455:
5453:
5444:
5441: ‱
5440:
5438:
5429:
5426: ‰
5425:
5423:
5414:
5411: %
5410:
5408:
5399:
5396: ª
5395:
5392: º
5391:
5389:
5380:
5377: №
5376:
5374:
5365:
5362: #
5361:
5359:
5351:
5342:
5339: ⸮
5338:
5336:
5327:
5324: ¿
5323:
5320: ¡
5319:
5317:
5308:
5305: ‽
5304:
5302:
5293:
5290: !
5289:
5287:
5278:
5275: ?
5274:
5272:
5264:
5255:
5252: ⸗
5251:
5248: ⹀
5247:
5245:
5236:
5233: —
5232:
5229: –
5228:
5225: ‒
5224:
5222:
5213:
5210: -
5209:
5207:
5199:
5190:
5184:
5181:
5178:
5174:
5171:
5167:
5164:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5153:
5144:
5141: ⁂
5140:
5138:
5129:
5126: *
5125:
5123:
5114:
5111: …
5110:
5108:
5099:
5096: \
5095:
5093:
5084:
5081: /
5080:
5078:
5069:
5066: ^
5065:
5063:
5054:
5051: @
5050:
5048:
5039:
5035:
5033:
5025:
5016:
5013: .
5012:
5010:
5001:
4998: ‴
4997:
4994: ″
4993:
4990: ′
4989:
4987:
4978:
4975: '
4974:
4971: ’
4970:
4968:
4959:
4956: ‐
4955:
4953:
4944:
4941: ;
4940:
4938:
4929:
4926: :
4925:
4923:
4914:
4911: ,
4910:
4908:
4899:
4895:
4893:
4885:
4874:
4844:
4839:
4821:
4805:
4737:
4697:writing systems
4696:
4690:
4644:
4584:
4528:Microtypography
4467:
4403:
4365:
4342:
4310:
4267:classifications
4266:
4255:
4204:
4158:
4124:Blackboard bold
4110:
4062:
3985:
3935:
3926:Recto and verso
3872:
3867:
3836:
3811:Jukka Korpela,
3793:
3788:
3787:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3766:
3762:
3752:
3750:
3745:
3744:
3735:
3720:
3716:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3682:
3678:
3659:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3643:
3629:
3625:
3612:
3610:
3600:
3596:
3586:
3584:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3555:
3553:
3541:
3537:
3530:
3514:
3510:
3503:
3484:
3480:
3452:
3448:
3441:
3421:
3412:
3375:
3368:
3358:
3356:
3354:englishplus.com
3348:
3347:
3340:
3330:
3328:
3317:
3313:
3303:
3301:
3300:on 14 June 2019
3288:
3286:
3275:
3265:
3263:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3217:
3213:
3200:
3196:
3181:
3177:
3164:
3163:
3156:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3129:
3125:
3118:
3102:
3098:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3062:
3058:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3028:
3024:
3014:
3012:
3010:
2994:
2990:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2948:
2944:
2937:
2921:
2917:
2910:
2894:
2890:
2884:
2871:
2867:
2851:
2847:
2830:
2826:
2820:Perseus Project
2796:
2792:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2765:
2763:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2733:
2720:
2716:
2695:
2687:
2680:
2675:
2632:
2612:
2609:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2579:
2574:
2573:
2566:
2563:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2549:
2544:
2543:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2502:
2497:
2496:
2481:
2478:
2473:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2458:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2443:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2428:
2427:
2417:
2414:
2409:
2408:
2402:
2399:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2385:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2371:
2366:
2365:
2361:ARMENIAN HYPHEN
2360:
2357:
2352:
2351:
2340:
2337:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2323:
2318:
2317:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2299:
2298:
2292:
2286:
2281:
2280:
2272:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2257:
2189:
2183:
2170:
2167:
2162:
2161:
2146:
2080:no-break hyphen
2068:
2052:
2003:
1997:
1989:standard stream
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1917:
1913:
1893:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1875:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1860:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1844:, the number 45
1843:
1835:
1826:
1820:
1811:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1780:
1768:
1757:
1681:
1679:Varied meanings
1629:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1602:
1591:floating hyphen
1577:(also called a
1569:
1525:
1523:Other compounds
1494:
1484:
1422:
1383:
1362:
1355:
1349:In spelled-out
1341:
1333:
1298:units (such as
1282:thirty-two-foot
1281:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1207:
1193:
1178:
1154:
1106:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1055:
1045:
1040:
1005:
999:
994:self-con·scious
993:
977:syllabification
973:
892:
886:
880:
878:); or numbers (
874:
868:
858:
852:
830:
820:
810:
787:
781:
768:
761:
754:
747:
694:
688:
682:
676:
649:
641:(fifth edition)
594:being mentioned
570:of America ...
569:
567:
557:
555:
546:
537:
519:syllabification
514:
509:
485:syllabification
415:
397:
386:
380:
377:
362:
350:
346:
339:
332:
325:
322:
296:
258:Dionysius Thrax
242:
236:was practiced.
229:
186:
177:
138:
131:
124:
117:
86:
75:
49:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6103:
6093:
6092:
6087:
6070:
6069:
6067:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6045:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6023:
6017:
6016:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6004:
6003:
5988:
5968:
5949:
5934:
5918:
5898:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5891:
5876:
5858:
5849:
5830:
5825:quotation mark
5802:
5799:
5798:
5796:
5795:
5785:
5780:
5770:
5765:
5750:
5735:
5716:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5693:
5678:
5663:
5640:
5621:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5599:
5598:
5583:
5568:
5553:
5538:
5523:
5508:
5488:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5481:
5466:
5451:
5436:
5421:
5406:
5387:
5372:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5334:
5315:
5300:
5285:
5269:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5262:
5243:
5220:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5197:
5151:
5136:
5121:
5106:
5091:
5076:
5061:
5046:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5023:
5008:
4985:
4966:
4951:
4936:
4921:
4906:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4873:
4872:
4865:
4858:
4850:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4813:
4811:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4745:
4743:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4733:
4731:National Fonts
4723:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4706:
4700:
4698:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4676:Web typography
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4642:
4637:
4636:
4635:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4594:
4592:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4553:Reversing type
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4499:
4498:
4493:
4483:
4477:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4422:
4420:
4409:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4379:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4352:
4350:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4331:
4326:
4320:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4280:
4278:
4269:
4261:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4180:Letter-spacing
4177:
4172:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4134:Color printing
4131:
4126:
4120:
4118:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4072:
4070:
4068:Capitalization
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4004:
4002:
3993:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3945:
3943:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3906:Page numbering
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3882:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3866:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3843:
3834:
3833:
3827:
3820:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3792:
3791:External links
3789:
3786:
3785:
3760:
3733:
3714:
3696:
3676:
3666:. p. 30.
3648:
3642:978-0596102425
3641:
3623:
3594:
3580:Dictionary.com
3566:
3535:
3528:
3508:
3501:
3478:
3446:
3439:
3410:
3366:
3338:
3311:
3273:
3246:
3211:
3194:
3175:
3171:, Grammar book
3154:
3136:
3123:
3117:978-9027245236
3116:
3096:
3082:
3056:
3043:978-8186062258
3042:
3022:
3008:
2988:
2963:
2942:
2935:
2915:
2908:
2888:
2865:
2845:
2824:
2790:
2773:
2760:dictionary.com
2741:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2714:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2636:De-hyphenation
2631:
2628:
2616:
2615:
2601:
2585:
2571:
2555:
2541:
2522:
2508:
2486:
2485:
2470:
2455:
2440:
2425:
2406:
2391:
2377:
2363:
2345:
2344:
2341:OBLIQUE HYPHEN
2329:
2315:
2296:
2278:
2256:
2253:
2182:
2179:
2145:
2142:
2067:
2064:
1996:
1993:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1833:
1822:Main article:
1819:
1818:Hyphen-minuses
1816:
1813:
1812:
1771:
1769:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1743:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1680:
1677:
1628:
1625:
1583:hanging hyphen
1568:
1565:
1524:
1521:
1483:
1482:Personal names
1480:
1421:
1418:
1413:Dash § En dash
1208:more-important
1194:more-beautiful
1179:more-important
1129:cost-effective
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1006:long-stand·ing
972:
969:
894:proto-oncogene
648:
645:
573:
572:
563:
560:
550:
549:
545:Justified text
542:
540:
536:Justified text
513:
510:
508:
505:
399:
398:
353:
351:
344:
331:
330:Use in English
328:
321:
279:letter spacing
241:
238:
185:
182:
77:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
60:
54:
51:
50:
47:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6102:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6046:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6032:Logic symbols
6030:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6018:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6008:
5999:
5995:
5989:
5983:
5979:
5969:
5964:
5960:
5950:
5945:
5941:
5935:
5929:
5925:
5919:
5914:
5910:
5900:
5899:
5896:
5887:
5883:
5877:
5872:
5868:
5850:
5845:
5841:
5831:
5826:
5822:
5804:
5803:
5800:
5791:
5787:
5781:
5776:
5772:
5766:
5761:
5757:
5751:
5746:
5742:
5736:
5731:
5727:
5717:
5712:
5708:
5702:
5701:
5698:
5689:
5685:
5679:
5674:
5670:
5664:
5659:
5655:
5641:
5636:
5632:
5622:
5617:
5613:
5607:
5606:
5603:
5594:
5590:
5584:
5579:
5575:
5569:
5564:
5560:
5554:
5549:
5545:
5539:
5534:
5533:division sign
5530:
5524:
5519:
5515:
5509:
5504:
5500:
5490:
5489:
5486:
5477:
5476:diameter sign
5473:
5467:
5462:
5461:degree symbol
5458:
5452:
5447:
5443:
5437:
5432:
5428:
5422:
5417:
5413:
5407:
5402:
5398:
5388:
5383:
5379:
5373:
5368:
5364:
5358:
5357:
5354:
5345:
5341:
5335:
5330:
5326:
5316:
5311:
5307:
5301:
5296:
5292:
5286:
5281:
5280:question mark
5277:
5271:
5270:
5267:
5258:
5257:double hyphen
5254:
5244:
5239:
5235:
5221:
5216:
5212:
5206:
5205:
5202:
5193:
5189:
5152:
5147:
5143:
5137:
5132:
5128:
5122:
5117:
5113:
5107:
5102:
5098:
5092:
5087:
5083:
5077:
5072:
5068:
5062:
5057:
5053:
5047:
5042:
5038:
5032:
5031:
5028:
5019:
5015:
5009:
5004:
5000:
4986:
4981:
4977:
4967:
4962:
4958:
4952:
4947:
4943:
4937:
4932:
4928:
4922:
4917:
4913:
4907:
4902:
4898:
4892:
4891:
4888:
4883:
4882:typographical
4879:
4871:
4866:
4864:
4859:
4857:
4852:
4851:
4848:
4836:
4828:
4827:
4824:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4808:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4693:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4681:Bézier curves
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4666:Rasterization
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4641:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4523:Microprinting
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4481:Etaoin shrdlu
4479:
4478:
4476:
4474:
4470:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4313:
4307:
4304:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4262:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3864:
3859:
3857:
3852:
3850:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3837:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3822:Markus Kuhn,
3821:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3771:
3764:
3749:. 31 May 2024
3748:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3729:
3725:
3718:
3711:
3699:
3693:
3689:
3688:
3680:
3673:
3670:
3665:
3658:
3652:
3644:
3638:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3609:
3605:
3598:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3570:
3563:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3539:
3531:
3525:
3521:
3520:
3512:
3504:
3498:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3482:
3476:, March 2008.
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3457:
3450:
3442:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3427:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3380:
3373:
3371:
3355:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3326:
3322:
3315:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3261:
3257:
3250:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3223:Robert W. Bly
3220:
3215:
3207:
3206:
3198:
3190:
3186:
3179:
3170:
3169:
3161:
3159:
3149:
3148:
3140:
3133:
3127:
3119:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3100:
3085:
3079:
3075:
3070:
3069:
3060:
3045:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3026:
3011:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2992:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2967:
2960:
2958:
2953:
2946:
2938:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2919:
2911:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2892:
2869:
2862:
2861:archive.today
2858:
2855:
2849:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2810:Scott, Robert
2807:
2803:
2794:
2783:
2777:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2754:
2746:
2742:
2728:
2727:word wrapping
2724:
2718:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2691:
2685:
2683:
2678:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2642:Double hyphen
2640:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2602:
2586:
2572:
2569:
2568:DOUBLE HYPHEN
2556:
2542:
2534:HYPHEN BULLET
2523:
2509:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2471:
2456:
2441:
2426:
2423:
2407:
2392:
2378:
2364:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2330:
2316:
2297:
2289:
2279:
2275:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2178:
2176:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2096:word boundary
2093:
2088:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2063:
2061:
2056:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1939:
1936:or multi-key
1935:
1931:
1926:
1923:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1839:
1831:
1825:
1809:
1806:
1798:
1795:November 2020
1788:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1772:This section
1770:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1670:reduplication
1666:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1653:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1624:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1541:tittle-tattle
1538:
1537:clever-clever
1534:
1530:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1489:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1424:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1381:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1342:35-millimetre
1337:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1152:
1150:
1149:The Economist
1145:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1035:
1033:
1032:Ah-gwah-ching
1029:
1028:
1023:
1020:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
986:
982:
978:
968:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
929:
924:
920:
916:
911:
909:
908:protooncogene
905:
901:
897:
895:
889:
883:
877:
871:
865:
861:
855:
849:
845:
841:
838:form) versus
837:
833:
827:
823:
817:
813:
807:
806:
801:
796:
794:
790:
784:
778:
777:
772:
765:
758:
751:
744:
740:
736:
732:
727:
725:
724:rule of thumb
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
691:
685:
679:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
644:
642:
640:
635:
634:double hyphen
631:
630:
625:
624:
619:
615:
612:handles with
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
590:
588:
584:
580:
571:
564:
562:
561:
559:
552:
548:
543:
541:
539:
534:
530:
528:
524:
523:justification
520:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
477:
475:
474:
469:
468:
463:
462:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
432:
426:
421:
419:
410:
406:
395:
392:
384:
374:
370:
366:
360:
359:
354:This section
352:
343:
342:
337:
327:
319:
318:double hyphen
314:
310:
306:
302:
291:
286:
284:
280:
275:
274:as a hyphen.
273:
270:, officially
269:
268:
263:
259:
251:
246:
237:
235:
227:
222:
210:
198:
181:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
142:
137:
130:
123:
116:
112:
107:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
84:
69:
67:Hyphen-minus
66:
65:
61:
58:
57:
52:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
6037:Math symbols
5998:section mark
5658:vertical bar
5416:percent sign
5215:hyphen-minus
4960:
4781:Type foundry
4618:Metric units
4548:Punchcutting
4533:Movable type
4503:Font catalog
4463:Vertical bar
4440:
4200:Word spacing
4170:Figure space
4053:Text figures
3896:Even working
3835:
3778:19 September
3776:. Retrieved
3763:
3753:11 September
3751:. Retrieved
3727:
3717:
3708:
3701:. Retrieved
3686:
3679:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3651:
3632:
3626:
3618:
3611:. Retrieved
3607:
3597:
3585:. Retrieved
3578:
3569:
3561:
3554:. Retrieved
3548:
3538:
3518:
3511:
3491:
3481:
3455:
3449:
3425:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3357:. Retrieved
3353:
3329:. Retrieved
3325:the original
3314:
3302:. Retrieved
3298:the original
3293:
3264:. Retrieved
3259:
3249:
3226:
3214:
3204:
3197:
3189:Language Log
3188:
3178:
3167:
3150:, City slide
3146:
3139:
3126:
3106:
3099:
3087:. Retrieved
3076:, § 5.
3067:
3059:
3047:. Retrieved
3032:
3025:
3013:. Retrieved
2998:
2991:
2975:
2966:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2945:
2925:
2918:
2898:
2891:
2868:
2848:
2837:
2827:
2813:
2793:
2776:
2764:. Retrieved
2758:
2752:
2745:
2717:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2693:
2689:
2660:Greek hyphen
2617:
2613:GARAY HYPHEN
2538:⁃
2487:
2346:
2274:HYPHEN-MINUS
2258:
2220:file systems
2217:
2208:Bastille Day
2190:
2150:hyphen-minus
2149:
2147:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2089:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2057:
2048:
2038:
2029:
2027:
2022:
2018:
2004:
1966:
1934:dialog boxes
1930:type-written
1927:
1916:(minus) and
1911:
1864:HYPHEN-MINUS
1827:
1824:Hyphen-minus
1801:
1792:
1781:Please help
1776:verification
1773:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1725:
1718:
1709:
1702:
1693:
1687:
1682:
1674:
1667:
1656:
1649:
1630:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1526:
1506:
1495:
1475:
1471:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1348:
1339:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1203:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1177:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1147:
1143:
1141:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1069:
1056:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
988:
980:
974:
964:
960:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
926:
918:
912:
907:
903:
899:
891:
890:). Although
885:
879:
875:non-SI units
873:
867:
857:
851:
844:trade unions
839:
829:
828:again), and
819:
815:
809:
803:
797:
792:
786:
780:
774:
771:/deemphasize
769:de-emphasize
767:
760:
757:/cooperation
755:co-operation
753:
746:
738:
734:
730:
728:
715:
711:
693:
687:
681:
675:
667:
663:
659:
655:
650:
637:
627:
621:
591:
579:orthographic
576:
565:
553:
544:
535:
515:
497:line lengths
495:with narrow
478:
471:
465:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
429:
422:
413:
409:style guides
402:
387:
381:January 2016
378:
355:
287:
276:
265:
255:
234:word spacing
187:
162:hyphen-minus
146:orthographic
143:
108:
103:
85:
82:
80:
36:
6085:Punctuation
5446:basis point
5382:numero sign
5367:number sign
5310:interrobang
4878:punctuation
4776:Type design
4771:Style guide
4764:Calligraphy
4754:Handwriting
4568:Type design
4518:Lorem ipsum
4513:Letterpress
4473:Typesetting
4413:Punctuation
4377:Record type
4348:Gaelic type
4336:Schwabacher
4226:Body height
4091:Letter case
3959:Line length
3703:10 November
3359:18 November
3168:Punctuation
3165:"Hyphens",
3089:28 November
3049:28 November
3015:28 November
2755:Definition"
2696:28-year-old
2422:blackletter
2288:SOFT HYPHEN
2128:an t‑athair
2015:soft hyphen
2001:Soft hyphen
1533:cock-a-hoop
1458:Similarly,
1334:25-kilogram
1261:28-year-old
1151:Style Guide
1133:proper noun
1107:high-school
1098:frightening
953:orthography
949:deëmphasize
933:coöperation
919:coöperation
853:un-American
811:re-creation
791:instead of
779:instead of
750:/deescalate
748:de-escalate
585:practices.
583:typesetting
452:pigeon-hole
297: 1455
283:Middle Ages
221:(he) hyphén
166:soft hyphen
104:hyphenation
92:punctuation
6079:Categories
6042:Whitespace
6026:Diacritics
5886:ditto mark
5688:interpunct
5616:underscore
4980:apostrophe
4880:and other
4749:Penmanship
4721:East Asian
4563:Type color
4496:monospaced
4453:Interpunct
4446:minus sign
4370:Specialist
4306:Sans-serif
4299:slab serif
4276:Roman type
4231:Cap height
4195:Thin space
4154:Whitespace
4106:Title case
4101:Snake case
4096:Small caps
4081:Camel case
4013:Diacritics
3921:Pull quote
3916:Pagination
3911:Paper size
3870:Typography
3550:Chabad.org
3243:0020130856
3219:Gary Blake
2980:. London:
2885:(in Greek)
2737:References
2723:line break
2654:Hyphen War
2620:interpunct
2490:interpunct
2424:typefaces)
2224:file names
2197:Anglophone
2158:codepoints
2156:allocated
1981:pipelining
1879:MINUS SIGN
1661:), as in "
1643:or sports
1627:Other uses
1557:orang utan
1549:orang-utan
1545:orang-utan
1486:See also:
1468:shark meat
1429:egg-beater
1363:one-eighth
1356:two-thirds
1340:a roll of
985:interpunct
831:un-ionized
805:recreation
802:, such as
800:homographs
788:shell-like
764:/reexamine
762:re-examine
720:derivative
704:monographs
700:affixation
598:dictionary
507:Separating
501:newspapers
456:pigeonhole
365:improve it
180:(minus)".
158:characters
129:minus sign
18:Hyphenated
6028:(accents)
5844:guillemet
5431:per mille
5101:backslash
5041:ampersand
5018:full stop
4946:semicolon
4246:Overshoot
4241:Mean line
4236:Descender
4149:Underline
3991:Character
3969:Runaround
3949:Alignment
3941:Paragraph
3458:, 9th ed.
3331:5 January
3229:, p. 48.
2610:
2595:𐺭
2293:­
2248:Unix-like
1603:-operated
1553:orangutan
1438:eggbeater
1351:fractions
1200:mass-noun
1084:paintings
1066:adjective
957:graphemes
945:reïterate
941:reëxamine
915:diaeresis
900:Dorland's
840:unionized
793:shelllike
712:closed up
674:(such as
654:(such as
606:word wrap
489:justified
467:hyperlink
448:pot belly
444:pot-belly
369:verifying
305:sublinear
272:romanized
224:) was an
197:huph' hén
184:Etymology
136:plus sign
100:syllables
5944:manicule
5730:copyleft
5146:asterism
5131:asterisk
5116:ellipsis
4835:Category
4714:PT Fonts
4709:Cyrillic
4573:Typeface
4491:computer
4392:fat face
4265:Typeface
4251:x-height
4221:Baseline
4216:Ascender
4076:All caps
4038:Rotation
4033:Ligature
4028:Ink trap
3613:15 April
3587:15 April
3556:15 April
3489:(2010),
3237:, 1993.
3231:New York
2977:BBC News
2857:Archived
2834:"hyphen"
2692:becomes
2630:See also
2580:゠
2564:⹀
2550:⸚
2531:⁃
2517:‧
2503:᐀
2479:・
2464:-
2449:﹣
2434:・
2415:⸗
2400:᭠
2386:᠆
2338:⹝
2324:‑
2305:‐
2204:ISO 8601
2168:‐
2133:Romanian
2104:re‑treat
2041:OpenType
2021:but not
2011:reflowed
1891:‐
1876:−
1611:becomes
1587:dangling
1358:majority
1323:kilogram
1284:wingspan
1277:wingspan
1198:(with a
1109:students
1022:zhashagi
979:, as in
864:acronyms
834:(not in
821:re-treat
708:digraphs
672:suffixes
652:Prefixes
626:and the
610:encoding
473:pastebin
440:fig leaf
436:fig-leaf
267:enotikon
262:tie mark
226:undertie
215:(ἡ) ὑφέν
209:hypó hén
5982:pilcrow
5963:lozenge
5928:fleuron
5871:bracket
5725:
5721:
5630:
5626:
5187:
5156:
5056:at sign
4884:symbols
4876:Common
4661:Hinting
4538:Pangram
4356:Insular
4329:Rotunda
4324:Fraktur
4289:Antiqua
4175:Kerning
4144:Oblique
4139:Italics
4086:Initial
4018:Dingbat
4008:Counter
3954:Leading
3384:hyphens
3304:9 March
3266:9 March
2957:hyphens
2818:at the
2766:18 June
2666:Enhypen
2605:U+10D6E
2589:U+10EAD
2372:־
2358:֊
2255:Unicode
2236:Windows
2193:slashes
2100:retreat
2019:allowed
1985:in lieu
1918:4+3-2=5
1914:4+3−2=5
1838:Unicode
1828:In the
1498:surname
1380:en dash
1365:portion
1275:32-foot
1196:scenery
1181:reasons
1124:follows
1038:Joining
923:vocalic
826:therapy
816:retreat
743:digraph
493:columns
461:toolbar
450:), and
418:writers
363:Please
281:in the
240:History
154:Unicode
122:em dash
115:en dash
6002:
5991:
5987:
5975:
5971:
5967:
5956:
5952:
5948:
5937:
5933:
5921:
5917:
5913:dagger
5906:
5902:
5890:
5879:
5875:
5864:
5860:
5856:
5852:
5848:
5837:
5833:
5829:
5818:
5814:
5810:
5806:
5794:
5783:
5779:
5768:
5764:
5753:
5749:
5738:
5734:
5719:
5715:
5704:
5692:
5681:
5677:
5673:bullet
5666:
5662:
5651:
5647:
5643:
5639:
5624:
5620:
5609:
5597:
5586:
5582:
5571:
5567:
5556:
5552:
5541:
5537:
5526:
5522:
5511:
5507:
5496:
5492:
5480:
5469:
5465:
5454:
5450:
5439:
5435:
5424:
5420:
5409:
5405:
5394:
5390:
5386:
5375:
5371:
5360:
5348:
5337:
5333:
5322:
5318:
5314:
5303:
5299:
5288:
5284:
5273:
5261:
5250:
5246:
5242:
5231:
5227:
5223:
5219:
5208:
5196:
5192:dinkus
5185:
5182:
5179:
5175:
5172:
5168:
5165:
5161:
5158:
5154:
5150:
5139:
5135:
5124:
5120:
5109:
5105:
5094:
5090:
5079:
5075:
5064:
5060:
5049:
5045:
5034:
5022:
5011:
5007:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4961:hyphen
4954:
4950:
4939:
4935:
4924:
4920:
4909:
4905:
4894:
4704:Arabic
4603:Cicero
4441:Hyphen
4426:Bullet
4387:script
4361:Uncial
4294:Didone
4058:Tittle
3901:Margin
3891:Column
3694:
3672:minus.
3639:
3526:
3499:
3464:
3437:
3392:little
3241:
3114:
3080:
3040:
3006:
2933:
2906:
2753:Hyphen
2607:
2591:
2577:
2575:U+30A0
2561:
2559:U+2E40
2547:
2545:U+2E1A
2528:
2526:U+2043
2514:
2512:U+2027
2500:
2498:U+1400
2476:
2474:U+FF65
2461:
2459:U+FF0D
2446:
2444:U+FE63
2431:
2429:U+30FB
2412:
2410:U+2E17
2397:
2395:U+1B60
2383:
2381:U+1806
2369:
2367:U+05BE
2355:
2353:U+058A
2335:
2333:U+2E5D
2321:
2319:U+2011
2308:HYPHEN
2302:
2300:U+2010
2284:
2282:U+00AD
2270:-
2267:
2265:U+002D
2171:HYPHEN
2165:
2163:U+2010
2049:except
2045:long s
2039:Some (
2023:forced
1973:getopt
1894:HYPHEN
1888:
1886:U+2010
1873:
1871:U+2212
1861:-
1858:
1856:U+002D
1645:scores
1559:, and
1490:, and
1398:, and
1336:sphere
1286:, but
1222:, and
1220:little
1155:
1077:player
1070:before
1062:adverb
1019:Ojibwe
937:Brontë
928:Brontë
848:proper
824:(give
782:e-mail
692:, and
670:) and
666:, and
632:use a
527:rivers
470:, and
309:vellum
228:-like
203:ὑπό ἕν
191:ὑφ' ἕν
178:
168:, the
164:, the
144:As an
111:dashes
83:hyphen
48:Hyphen
5593:caret
5548:tilde
5086:slash
5071:caret
5003:prime
4931:colon
4916:comma
4901:space
4628:Point
4598:Agate
4458:Space
4284:Serif
4185:Pitch
4048:Swash
4023:Glyph
3964:River
3773:(PDF)
3660:(PDF)
3287:E.g.
3253:E.g.
2785:(PDF)
2698:woman
2673:Notes
2618:(See
2244:shell
2124:Irish
2078:, or
2060:below
1954:$ -$
1922:glyph
1836:. As
1830:ASCII
1635:(see
1633:dates
1617:(not
1317:metre
1312:names
1270:woman
1263:woman
1232:early
1135:or a
1104:, to
1091:candy
965:naïve
961:naive
776:email
716:solid
695:-hood
689:-ness
683:-like
677:-less
618:glyph
481:below
454:(now
446:(now
438:(now
301:Bible
174:ASCII
96:words
90:is a
5238:dash
4726:Thai
4640:Twip
4623:Pica
4578:list
4558:Sort
4486:Font
4431:Dash
4417:List
4129:Bold
3979:runt
3878:Page
3780:2022
3755:2024
3705:2020
3692:ISBN
3637:ISBN
3615:2023
3589:2023
3558:2023
3524:ISBN
3497:ISBN
3462:ISBN
3435:ISBN
3400:well
3398:and
3396:much
3361:2014
3333:2010
3306:2019
3268:2019
3239:ISBN
3221:and
3112:ISBN
3091:2014
3078:ISBN
3051:2014
3038:ISBN
3017:2014
3004:ISBN
2931:ISBN
2904:ISBN
2800:ὑφέν
2768:2015
2622:and
2238:use
2234:and
2232:OS/2
2118:or "
2102:and
2090:The
2070:The
1882:and
1543:and
1511:and
1436:and
1367:but
1360:and
1344:film
1290:and
1279:and
1265:and
1246:and
1238:and
1224:much
1212:well
1189:more
1169:and
1115:and
1051:and
963:and
935:and
902:and
668:non-
660:pre-
581:and
403:The
81:The
5635:tie
3404:-ly
3388:ill
3290:"H"
3256:"H"
3074:182
2228:DOS
2212:DIN
2137:s‑a
2131:or
2053:'s'
2030:may
1962:---
1946:---
1944:or
1848:(2D
1785:by
1663:G-d
1654:).
1639:),
1589:or
1581:or
1555:or
1416:.)
1371:or
1320:or
1304:or
1272:or
1216:ill
1163:-ly
1159:-ly
1144:-ly
1079:or
862:);
836:ion
795:).
714:or
664:re-
656:de-
503:).
487:in
476:).
442:),
367:by
6081::
4613:En
4608:Em
3819:.)
3736:^
3726:.
3707:.
3662:.
3617:.
3606:.
3577:.
3560:.
3547:.
3433:.
3413:^
3394:,
3390:,
3369:^
3352:.
3341:^
3292:.
3276:^
3258:.
3233::
3225:,
3187:.
3157:^
2974:.
2877:.
2836:.
2812:;
2808:;
2804:.
2757:.
2712:).
2708:,
2694:a
2681:^
2230:,
2108:re
2074:,
1977:--
1958:--
1942:--
1850:16
1846:10
1842:10
1834:10
1724:A
1717:A
1708:A
1701:A
1672:.
1647:.
1573:A
1539:,
1535:,
1531:,
1470:.
1406:,
1394:,
1390:,
1382:,
1346:.
1338:,
1332:a
1307:kg
1296:SI
1218:,
1214:,
1119:.
1034:.
1013:.
1003:,
997:,
947:,
943:,
913:A
884:,
872:,
856:,
766:,
759:,
752:,
739:ei
737:,
735:ea
733:,
731:ee
686:,
680:,
662:,
658:,
464:,
320:,
294:c.
141:.
120:,
106:.
62:‑
59:-
5723:©
5628:⁀
5177:*
5170:*
5163:*
4869:e
4862:t
4855:v
4419:)
4415:(
3862:e
3855:t
3848:v
3782:.
3757:.
3730:.
3645:.
3591:.
3532:.
3505:.
3443:.
3363:.
3335:.
3308:.
3270:.
3208:.
3191:.
3173:.
3152:.
3134:.
3120:.
3093:.
3053:.
3019:.
2986:.
2939:.
2912:.
2842:.
2822:.
2770:.
2751:"
2540:)
2536:(
2314:)
2310:(
2295:)
2291:(
2240:/
2120:n
2116:n
2112:n
1950:-
1808:)
1802:(
1797:)
1793:(
1779:.
1384:–
1301:m
1064:–
866:(
517:(
394:)
388:(
383:)
379:(
338:.
323:⸗
230:‿
218:(
206:(
194:(
139:+
132:−
125:—
118:–
113:(
87:‐
42:‐
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.