313:
269:
Moravia and the other cities of the Slavs. To the west of them are the Saxons and the Franks. To get to the land of
Andalusia they traversed a long distance desert ... Their way during their march crossed Lombardy, which borders them. There is a distance of eight days between them and Lombardy. Their dwelling places are on the Danube River and they are nomads as the Arabs without towns and houses living in felt tents in scattered halting-places ... proceeding from the Frankish country, after defeating whomever they found during their passage, attaining the height before Lérida, at the extreme end of the March, on Thursday, ten nights remaining in the month of
17:
427:
and the rest of the Slavic countries lie north of them. The Saxons and the Franks are west of them. They covered a long distance to the land of
Andalusia ... Their way during their march crossed Lombardia, which borders them. There is a distance of eight days between them and it . Their dwelling
358:
When the enemy of God, Ramiro Ordóñez, learned of the appearance of the Turks in the march of Lérida and of the fear of the
Muslims of that region, he endeavoured to profit—violating the promises that he had solemnly sworn before the bishops and monks, limiting the pretexts he could have before the
551:
Cuando el enemigo de Dios, Ramiro hijo de Ordoño, conoció la aparición de los turcos en la marca de Lérida y el pavor de los musulmanes de aquella zona, pretendió aprovecharse, violando las promesas a que se había comprometido solemnemente ante obispos y monjes, limitando los pretextos que podría
268:
The one who reported their matters said that their land is in the far east, and that the
Pechenegs neighbour them to the east, that the land of Rome is in the direction of Mecca from them, and that the land of Constantinople is a little bit off to the east from them. To their north is the city of
320:
The information about the location of
Hungary, its leaders and the route of the invading army may have come from five captured Hungarians who, according to Ibn Ḥayyān, converted to Islam and were incorporated into the caliphal guard. Yaḥyā paid a large ransom and was released on 27 July. He
423:, p. 29: "Those who know their affairs mentioned that their country lies in the far East. The Pechenegs live east of them and they are their neighbors. The land of Rome lies south of them. The town of Constantinople lies deviating a little from the direction to the east. The town of
448:
from them, and that the land of
Constantinople is a little bit off to the east from them. To their north is the city of Morava and the other cities of the Slavs . To the west of them are the Saxons and the Franks . To get to the land of Andalusia they traversed a long distance
222:(He Who Seeks Knowledge About the History of al-Andalus), which was finished shortly before his death in 1076. His account of the Hungarians relies on a lost tenth-century source. According to Ibn Ḥayyān, the Hungarian raiding party passed through the
463:(7 de julio de 942); las avanzas de su caballería se metieron por el llano hasta Wadina, Cerretanía y la ciudad de Huesca; y el sábado, tercer día de su acampada, hicieron cautivo a Yaḥyā ibn Muḥammad ibn aṭ-Ṭawīl, señor de Barbastro.
275:; the advances of their cavalry put them in the plain of the valley of Ena, Cerratania and the city of Huesca; and on Saturday, the third day of their encampment, they made captive Yaḥyā ibn Muḥammad ibn aṭ-Ṭawīl, lord of Barbastro.
261:
257:
552:
tener ante los dignatarios de su religión, al enviar al señor de
Castilla Fernán González con un nutrido ejército en apoyo de su yerno, García hijo de Sancho, señor de Pamplona en la guerra contra los musulmanes.
338:
the following year 331 of the rescue of Yaḥyā ibn Muḥammad ibn aṭ-Ṭawīl from the hands of these Turks through a large sum that he paid them, with which God relieved his situation on
Wednesday, the tenth of
349:
Lacking food stores and finding insufficient forage, the
Hungarians retired after a few days. According to Ibn Ḥayyān, it was the news of the raids and the fear they spread among Muslims that inspired King
359:
dignitaries of his own religion—by sending the lord of
Castile , Fernán González , with a trained army in support of his son-in-law, García Sánchez, lord of Pamplona, in the war against the Muslims.
297:
and lastly Harhadi." It has been proposed that these were the commanders of the seven contingents that made up the invading army, but it is far more likely that Ibn Ḥayyān is merely recording the
904:
Elter, István (1981). "Néhány megjegyzés Ibn Ḥayyānnak a magyarok 942. évi spanyolországi kalandozásáról" [Some Remarks of Ibn Hayyan on the Raid of the Magyars in Spain in 942].
375:
in the latter's war with the Caliphate as early as April, months before the Hungarians' arrival. Ramiro's real motivation was probably to prevent a loss of face, since he was married to
45:
459:... procedentes del país franco, tras derrotar a quienes hallaron a su paso, haciendo alto frente a Lérida, extremo de la Marca, el jueves, quedando 10 noches de
1038:
Szántó, Richard (1996). "Spanyolországi források a kalandozó magyarok 942. évi hadjáratáról" [Spanish Sources on the Campaign of the Raiding Magyars in 942].
855:
Czeglédy, Károly (1979). "Új arab forrás a magyarok 942. évi spanyolországi kalandozásáról" [New Arabic Source on the Raid of the Magyars in Spain in 942].
38:
232:
440:, p. 216: "The one who reported their matters said that their land is in the far east, and that the Pechenegs neighbour them to the east, that the land of
383:
881:
Elter, István (1996). "A magyar kalandozáskor arab forrásai" [Arabic Sources on the Period of Magyar Raids]. In Kovács, L.; Veszprémy, L. (eds.).
868:
Czeglédy, Károly (1981). "Még egyszer a magyarok 942. évi spanyolországi kalandozásáról" [Once Again on the Raid of the Magyars in Spain in 942].
214:, who wrote that "their raids extend to the lands of Rome and almost as far as Spain". The only detailed description of the raid of 942 was preserved by
31:
1133:
997:
962:
896:
1187:
428:
places are on the Danube River and they are nomads as the Arabs without towns and houses living in felt tents in scattered halting-places."
264:. While besieging Lleida, the Hungarian cavalry raided as far as Huesca and Barbastro, where they captured Yaḥyā in a skirmish on 9 July.
404:. The historian Albert Benet i Clará has suggested that this battle, which is otherwise unknown, must have been against the Hungarians.
79:
74:
285:
being a generic term for a ruler or governor: "They possessed seven chieftains. Among these the greatest in dignity was called Djila (
917:
Elter, István (1982–83). "Notas a propósito del relato de Ibn Hayyan sobre la incursión húngara por la Marca Septentrional en 924".
332:
Afterwards they became Muslims and he included them in his service. From far Tortosa came notice on the first day of the month of
1182:
312:
930:
Györffy, György (1994). "Dual Kingship and the Seven Chieftains of the Hungarians in the Era of the Conquest and the Raids".
528:
Posteriormente se hicieron musulmanes y los incluyó en su servidumbre. De la extrema Tortosa llegaron noticias a primeros de
1095:
Viguera Molins, María Jesús (1997). "La percepción de Europa desde el ámbito araboislámico". In Vaca Lorenzo, Ángel (ed.).
784:
223:
1177:
372:
807:
Benet i Clará, Albert (1982b). "La batalla de Balltarga: Epíleg de la incursió d'hongaresos a Catalunya l'any 942".
532:
del siguiente año 331 (14 septiembre 942) del rescate de Yaḥyā ibn Muḥammad ibn aṭ-Ṭawīl de manos de estos turcos
298:
1123:
Muslim Sources on the Magyars in the Second Half of the 9th Century: The Magyar Chapter of the Jayhānī Tradition
1087:
400:
196:
55:
376:
833:
Chalmeta, Pedro (1976). "La méditerranée occidentale et al-Andalus de 934 à 941: les donées d'Ibn Hayyan".
179:
174:
302:
387:
820:
Chalmeta, Pedro (1975). "Treinta años de historia hispana: El tomo V del 'Muqtabas' de Ibn Ḥayyān".
169:
164:
159:
119:
104:
99:
762:
Pilgrims and Adventurers: Hungarian Themes in Medieval Spanish History, a Historiographical Sketch
322:
758:
Kalandozók és zarándokok: magyar témák a középkori spanyol történelemben, historiográfiai vázlat
237:
84:
195:
took place in July 942. This was the furthest west the Hungarians raided during the period of
129:
536:
mediante una suma que se les pagó, con lo que Dios alivió su situación, el miércoles, 10 de
305:. In later tradition, Alpár and Glad were remembered as defeated enemies of the Hungarians.
290:
364:
1007:
Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages: An Introduction to Early Hungarian History
351:
8:
979:
Millàs Vallicrosa, Josep (1962). "Sobre las incursiones húngaras en la Cataluña condal".
306:
253:
210:
The only contemporary reference to the Hungarians crossing the Pyrenees into Spain is in
139:
94:
124:
1081:
991:
956:
890:
144:
309:
argues that a "reshuffling of power" after 942 caused them to be remembered this way.
211:
780:
753:
368:
114:
109:
215:
341:
89:
69:
1015:
794:
Benet i Clará, Albert (1982a). "La incursió d'hongaresos a Catalunya l'any 942".
134:
23:
1106:"A New Muslim Source on the Hungarians in the Second Half of the Tenth Century"
770:
154:
1166:
1148:
1135:
286:
774:
316:
The Hungarian campaign in Italy, Burgundy, Southern France and Spain in 942.
20:
Map of the Hungarian invasions of Europe. Spain is on the lower left corner.
1172:
514:
354:
to repudiate the treaty he had made with the caliph the year before (941):
334:
227:
540:(27 julio 942), dirigiéndose a la capital, a renovar su homenaje an-Nasir.
474:
Pertenecieron a siete jefes . Entre éstos el mayor de dignidad se llamaba
294:
1040:
Acta Universitas Szegediensis de Attila József Nominatae. Acta Historica
691:
1071:
Crónica del califa ʿAbdarrahmán III al-Nasir entre los años 912 y 942
249:
1105:
391:
204:
708:
706:
200:
972:
El condado de Castilla, 711–1038: la historia frente a la leyenda
271:
730:
1069:
Viguera Molins, María Jesús; Corriente, Federico, eds. (1981).
703:
679:
245:
241:
16:
236:("Furthest March"), the northwestern frontier province of the
919:
Awraq: Estudios sobre el mundo árabe e islámico contemporáneo
846:
Chalmeta, Pedro; Corriente, Federico; Sobh, M., eds. (1979).
199:; although, in a great raid of 924–25, the Hungarians sacked
718:
779:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 536–552.
633:
631:
629:
602:
345:, he went to the capital to renew his homage to an-Nasir.
281:
1027:
Journal of Turkish Studies / Türklük bilgisi araştırmaları
776:
The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 3, c.900–c.1024
279:
Ibn Ḥayyān also names seven Hungarian "leaders"—the word
626:
260:, while Barbastro was under the control of his brother,
1068:
697:
643:
566:
845:
590:
655:
614:
578:
321:
subsequently went to Córdoba to do homage to Caliph
981:Homenaje a Johannes Vincke para el 11 de Mayo 1962
1099:. Ediciones Universidad Salamanca. pp. 49–70.
240:. On 7 July 942, the main army began the siege of
978:
667:
53:
1164:
932:Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
1075:(Translation of Chalmeta, Corriente and Sobh .)
230:, skirmishing along the way. They then invaded
1097:Europa: Proyecciones y percepciones históricas
1094:
1009:. Budapest: Central European University Press.
806:
793:
736:
1050:
969:
850:. Madrid: Instituto Hispano-Árabe de Cultura.
724:
712:
608:
39:
1016:"The Name of the Pechenegs in Ibn Ḥayyān's
1013:
437:
396:apud Baltargam bello interfectus sine filio
226:(northern Italy) and then through southern
996:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
961:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
949:Written Sources of the Era of the Conquest
895:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
80:Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin
46:
32:
1004:
916:
867:
854:
832:
819:
685:
661:
649:
596:
311:
299:seven chieftains of the Hungarian tribes
15:
1120:
1103:
929:
752:
637:
620:
584:
420:
1165:
1059:
1037:
220:Kitāb al-Muqtabis fī tarīkh al-Andalus
942:
903:
880:
768:
673:
572:
367:, who commanded the border region of
27:
945:A honfoglalás korának írott forrásai
769:Bakay, Kornél (2000). "Hungary". In
256:family. The first two were ruled by
698:Viguera Molins & Corriente 1981
197:their migration into central Europe
13:
75:Byzantine–Bulgarian war of 894–896
14:
1199:
289:). Ecser followed him, after him
252:were all ruled by members of the
1188:Hungary–Spain military relations
398:) according to the 12th-century
244:(Lérida). The cities of Lleida,
1051:Ubieto Arteta, Antonio (1989).
970:Martínez Díez, Gonzalo (2005).
883:A honfoglaláskor írott forrásai
745:
544:
521:
506:
467:
203:and may have got as far as the
452:
431:
414:
382:Sometime between 939 and 943,
1:
1183:Hungarian invasions of Europe
835:Rivista degli studi orientali
401:Gesta Comitum Barchinonensium
57:Hungarian invasions of Europe
885:. Budapest. pp. 174–79.
809:Quaderns d'Estudis Medievals
796:Quaderns d'Estudis Medievals
560:
373:García Sánchez I of Pamplona
371:, was cooperating with King
7:
943:Gyula, Kristó, ed. (1995).
512:The year given here is the
301:. He is perhaps relying on
10:
1204:
1178:10th century in al-Andalus
1086:: CS1 maint: postscript (
388:Sunyer, Count of Barcelona
1014:Schamiloglu, Uli (1984).
1005:Róna-Tas, András (1999).
986:. Madrid. pp. 73–80.
65:
1121:Zimonyi, István (2016).
1104:Zimonyi, István (2004).
1060:Vallvé, Joaquín (1992).
974:. Marcial Pons Historia.
407:
175:Bulgarian–Hungarian wars
688:, pp. 340–41, 381.
444:is in the direction of
224:Kingdom of the Lombards
193:Hungarian raid in Spain
1062:El Califato de Córdoba
361:
347:
317:
293:, then Bašman, Alpár,
277:
21:
390:, "died in battle at
356:
330:
315:
266:
19:
1073:. Zaragoza: Anubar.
764:]. Szeged: JATE.
386:, the eldest son of
238:Caliphate of Córdoba
1145: /
1055:. Zaragoza: Anubar.
737:Benet i Clará 1982b
379:, García's sister.
323:ʿAbd ar-Rahmān III
1149:41.4019°N 2.1714°E
1053:Orígenes de Aragón
739:, pp. 639–40.
725:Martínez Díez 2005
715:, pp. 372–73.
713:Martínez Díez 2005
640:, pp. 95–100.
609:Ubieto Arteta 1989
575:, pp. 543–44.
318:
303:a Byzantine source
262:Yaḥyā ibn Muḥammad
22:
1076:
352:Ramiro II of León
258:Mūsa ibn Muḥammad
188:
187:
1195:
1160:
1159:
1157:
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1143:
1142:
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1126:
1125:. Leiden: Brill.
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786:978-1-13905572-7
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449:desert ..."
438:Schamiloglu 1984
435:
429:
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60:
58:
48:
41:
34:
25:
24:
1203:
1202:
1198:
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1154:41.4019; 2.1714
1153:
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1144:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1079:
1078:
1022:
989:
988:
954:
953:
888:
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787:
771:Reuter, Timothy
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723:
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511:
507:
472:
468:
457:
453:
436:
432:
419:
415:
410:
365:Fernán González
363:In fact, Count
189:
184:
61:
56:
54:
52:
12:
11:
5:
1201:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1128:
1127:
1118:
1101:
1092:
1066:
1057:
1048:
1035:
1011:
1002:
976:
967:
951:]. Szeged.
940:
927:
914:
901:
878:
865:
852:
843:
830:
817:
804:
791:
785:
766:
749:
747:
744:
742:
741:
729:
727:, p. 373.
717:
702:
700:, p. 363.
690:
678:
666:
654:
652:, p. 145.
642:
625:
613:
611:, p. 131.
601:
589:
577:
564:
562:
559:
556:
555:
543:
520:
505:
466:
451:
430:
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307:György Györffy
233:Thaghr al-Aqṣā
186:
185:
183:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
160:Lechfeld (955)
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
105:Lechfeld (910)
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
66:
63:
62:
51:
50:
43:
36:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1200:
1189:
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1179:
1176:
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946:
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928:
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911:
907:
902:
898:
892:
884:
879:
875:
871:
866:
862:
858:
853:
849:
848:Al-Muqtabis V
844:
840:
836:
831:
827:
823:
818:
815:(10): 639–40.
814:
810:
805:
801:
797:
792:
788:
782:
778:
777:
772:
767:
763:
759:
755:
754:Anderle, Ádám
751:
750:
738:
733:
726:
721:
714:
709:
707:
699:
694:
687:
686:Róna-Tas 1999
682:
675:
670:
663:
662:Czeglédy 1979
658:
651:
650:Elter 1982–83
646:
639:
634:
632:
630:
623:, p. 45.
622:
617:
610:
605:
599:, p. 73.
598:
597:Róna-Tas 1999
593:
587:, p. 90.
586:
581:
574:
569:
565:
553:
547:
541:
537:
533:
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26:
18:
1130:
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1113:
1109:
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1052:
1043:
1039:
1030:
1026:
1017:
1006:
984:
980:
971:
948:
944:
938:(1): 87–104.
935:
931:
922:
918:
909:
906:Magyar Nyelv
905:
882:
873:
870:Magyar Nyelv
869:
860:
857:Magyar Nyelv
856:
847:
838:
834:
825:
821:
812:
808:
802:(9): 568–74.
799:
795:
775:
761:
757:
746:Bibliography
732:
720:
693:
681:
669:
657:
645:
638:Györffy 1994
621:Anderle 1992
616:
604:
592:
585:Zimonyi 2016
580:
568:
550:
546:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
515:anno Hegirae
513:
508:
501:
498:y (por fin)
497:
493:
489:
485:
482:, (después)
481:
478:. Le seguía
477:
473:
469:
462:
458:
454:
445:
441:
433:
424:
421:Zimonyi 2004
416:
399:
395:
394:childless" (
381:
362:
357:
348:
340:
333:
331:
324:
319:
280:
278:
270:
267:
231:
219:
209:
192:
190:
180:Arcadiopolis
149:
85:Southern Buh
1152: /
1018:al-Muqtabas
538:ḏū l-qaʿdah
342:ḏū l-qaʿdah
1167:Categories
1137:41°24′07″N
674:Elter 1981
573:Bakay 2000
486:, (luego)
254:Banū Ṭawīl
216:Ibn Ḥayyān
212:al-Maʿsūdī
1140:2°10′17″E
1082:cite book
1064:. Mapfre.
1033:: 215–22.
992:cite book
957:cite book
925:: 141–48.
912:: 413–19.
891:cite book
876:: 419–23.
863:: 273–85.
841:: 337–51.
828:: 665–76.
561:Citations
534:(at-Turk)
500:ḥ·d·ḥ·d·y
484:l·ḥ·w·d·y
250:Barbastro
140:W.l.n.d.r
95:Pressburg
1116:: 22–31.
1110:Chronica
1046:: 43–48.
983:, vol. 1
822:Hispania
756:(1992).
530:muḥarram
392:Baltarga
384:Ermengol
335:muḥarram
325:an-Nasir
291:Bulcsudi
205:Pyrenees
145:Fraxinet
120:Achelous
100:Eisenach
773:(ed.).
369:Castile
218:in his
110:Rednitz
783:
496:ʿx·w·d
488:Bosmān
461:sawwal
425:Murāwa
377:Urraca
272:sawwal
246:Huesca
242:Lleida
228:France
170:Syrmia
150:Iberia
125:Püchen
90:Brenta
70:Pliska
1023:(PDF)
947:[
760:[
492:l·x·s
476:Dyila
446:qibla
408:Notes
287:Gyula
201:Nîmes
165:Drina
135:Riade
130:Drava
1088:link
998:link
963:link
897:link
781:ISBN
480:Ečer
442:Rūma
295:Glad
282:amīr
248:and
155:Wels
1173:942
1044:103
923:5–6
115:Inn
1169::
1112:.
1108:.
1084:}}
1080:{{
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1029:.
1025:.
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936:47
934:.
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910:77
908:.
893:}}
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861:75
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837:.
826:25
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798:.
705:^
628:^
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490:,
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207:.
191:A
1114:4
1090:)
1031:8
1020:"
1000:)
965:)
899:)
813:3
800:3
789:.
676:.
664:.
518:.
502:.
47:e
40:t
33:v
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