374:, the employment of human service assistants is anticipated to grow by 34% through 2016, which is faster than average for all occupations. There are several different occupations for individuals with post-secondary degrees. Specialization is crucial when applying for a human service career because many different job occupations and skills fall under the broad scope of human services, especially if said job is related to social work. This is because many different types of people require different types of aid. For example, a child would need special attention compared to an adult- and would visit a professional who has trained directly with younger people. Furthermore, an alcoholic or addict would specifically need a professional rehabilitation counselor. On the other hand, a victim of a natural disaster would need a crisis support worker for immediate assistance. Other examples of human service jobs include but are not limited to; criminology, community service, housing, health, therapy, and sociology.
353:
problem is concentrated. Additional necessary skills include strong communication and professional coordination- since networking is crucial for obtaining and transporting resources to areas of need. Lack of these skills could lead to dangerous consequences as a communities needs are not adequately met. Furthermore, research is a key component to the successful conduct of human service. Both theoretical and empirical research is required if one is to pursue a career in human services because being uninformed can leave communities in confusion and disarray- thus perpetuating the problem that was supposed to be resolved. In relation to social work, a professional must be unbiased and patient because they will be closely working with a vast and diverse population who are often in extremely dire situations. Allowing one's personal beliefs to bleed into their human service profession could negatively impact the quality of and or limit the scope of potential outreach.
326:, as well as to help solidify the professional identity of human services practitioners. HS-BCPE Experience Requirements for the certification: HS-BCP applicants must meet post-graduation experience requirements to be eligible to take the examination. However, graduates of a CSHSE accredited degree program may sit for the HS-BCP exam without verifying their human services work experience. Otherwise experience requirements for candidates not from a CSHSE accredited program are as follows: Associate degree with post degree experience requires three years, including a minimum of 4,500 hours; Bachelor's Degree with post degree experience requires two years, including a minimum of 3,000 hours; Master's or Doctorate with post degree experience requires one year, including a minimum of 1,500 hours.
97:
of social technologies (practice methods, models, and theories), service technologies (programs, organizations, and systems), and scientific innovations designed to ameliorate problems and enhance the quality of life of individuals, families and communities to improve the delivery of service with better coordination, accessibility and accountability. The mission of human services is to promote a practice that involves simultaneously working at all levels of society (whole-person approach) in the process of promoting the autonomy of individuals or groups, making informal or formal human services systems more efficient and effective, and advocating for positive social change within society.
280:) that involves viewing human strengths and problems as interconnected to a family unit, community, and society. This perspective is considered a "whole-person perspective". Overall, undergraduate programs prepare students to be human services generalists while master's programs prepare students to be human services administrators, and doctoral programs prepare students to be researcher-analysts and college-level educators. Research in this field focuses on an array of topics that deal with direct service issues,
412:(AERA). The ASPA subsection is named the Section on Health and Human Services Administration and its purpose is to foster the development of knowledge, understanding and practice in the fields of health and human services administration and to foster professional growth and communication among academics and practitioners in these fields. Fields of health and human services administration share a common and unique focus on improving the quality of life through client-centered policies and service transactions.
36:
2905:
235:
172:, thus leading to said professionals counteracting dominant establishments and advocating on behalf of their clients and communities. The movement also hoped that human service delivery systems would become integrated, comprehensive, and more accessible, which would make them more humane for service users. Ultimately, the resistance from traditional helping professions served as the impetus for a group of educators in
2929:
2917:
317:
The Center for
Credentialing & Education (CCE) conceptualized the Human Services-Board Certified Practitioner (HS-BCP) credential with the assistance of the National Organization for Human Services (NOHS) and the Council for Standards in Human Service Education (CSHSE). The credential was created
271:
The CSHSE offers accreditation for human services programs in higher education. The accreditation process is voluntary and labor-intensive; it is designed to assure the quality, consistency, and relevance of human service education through research-based standards and a peer-review process. According
218:
Manpower studies in the 1960s and 70s had shown that there would be a shortage of helping professionals in an array of service delivery areas. In turn, some educators proposed that the training of nonprofessionals (e.g., mental health technicians) could bridge this looming personnel shortage. One of
163:
were resistant to the new human services movement's ideology because it appeared to challenge their professional status. Changing the traditional concept of professionalism involved rethinking consumer control and the distribution of power. The new movement also called on human service professionals
96:
is an interdisciplinary field of study with the objective of meeting human needs through an applied knowledge base, focusing on prevention as well as remediation of problems, and maintaining a commitment to improving the overall quality of life of service populations. The process involves the study
419:
The
American Public Human Services Association (APHSA) is a nonprofit organization that pursues distinction in health and human services by working with policymakers, supporting state and local agencies, and working with partners to promote innovative, integrative and efficient solutions in health
400:
in different parts of the United States. In addition, there are four independent human services regional organizations: (a) Mid-Atlantic
Consortium for Human Services, (b) Midwest Organization for Human Services, (c) New England Organization for Human Service, and the (d) Northwest Human Services
263:
Currently, there are academic programs in human services at the associate, baccalaureate, and graduate levels. There are approximately 600 human services programs throughout the United States. An online directory of human services programs lists many (but not all) of the programs state y state in
415:
The AERA special interest group is named the
Education, Health and Human Service Linkages. Its purpose is to create a community of researchers and practitioners interested in developing knowledge about comprehensive school health, school linked services, and initiatives that support children and
352:
There are numerous different tools and methods utilized in human services. For example, qualitative and quantitative surveys are administered to define community problems that need addressing. These surveys can narrow down what service is needed, who would receive it, for how long, and where the
250:
was created to produce a nonprofessional career track for economically disadvantaged, underemployed, and unemployed adults as a strategy to eradicate poverty within society and to end a critical shortage of health-care personnel. Graduates from these programs successfully acquired employment as
448:
and social innovation. The institute collaborates with researchers, field practitioners, community organizations, socially conscious companies—along with various levels of government and educational institutions—to ensure the
Canadian health and human services sector remains accountable to the
275:
Human services curricula are based on an interdisciplinary knowledge foundation that allows students to consider practical solutions from multiple disciplinary perspectives. Across the curriculum human services students are often taught to view human problems from a socioecological perspective
122:
activities of religious and civic organizations that date back to the
Colonial period. However, the academic discipline of human services did not start until the 1960s. At that time, a group of college academics started the new human services movement and began to promote the adoption of a new
416:
their families. This subgroup also focuses on interpersonal collaboration, integration of services, and interdisciplinary approaches. The group's interests encompass interrelated policy, practice, and research that challenge efforts to create viable linkages among these three distinct areas.
321:
Graduates from human services programs can obtain a Human
Services Board Certified Practitioner (HS-BCP) credential offered by the Center for Credentialing & Education (CCE). The HS-BCP certification ensures that human services practitioners offer quality services, are competent service
100:
Human services practitioners strive to advance the autonomy of service users through civic engagement, education, health promotion and social change at all levels of society. Practitioners also engage in advocating so human systems remain accessible, integrated, efficient and effective.
127:
among traditional helping disciplines. The movement's major goal was to make service delivery more efficient, effective, and humane. The other goals dealt with the reeducation of traditional helping professionals to have a greater appreciation of the individual as a whole person
329:
The HS-BCP exam is designed to verify a candidate's human services knowledge. The exam was created as a collaborative effort of human services subject-matter experts and normed on a population of professionals in the field. The HS-BCP exam covers the following areas:
198:
Chenault and
Burnford argued that human services programs must inform and train students at the graduate or postgraduate level if human services hoped to be considered a professional discipline. A progressive graduate human services program was established by
179:
Some maintain that the human services discipline has a concrete identity as a profession that supplements and complements other traditional professions. Yet other professionals and scholars have not agreed upon an authoritative definition for human services.
223:(SREB), which was funded by the National Institute on Health. Professionals of the SREB Undergraduate Social Welfare Manpower Project helped colleges develop new social welfare programs, which later became known as human services. Some believed
401:
Association. All the regional organizations are also open to educators, professionals, students and each regional organization has an annual conference in different locations throughout their region such as universities or institutions.
104:
Human services academic programs can be easily accessible in colleges and universities, which award degrees at the associate, baccalaureate, and graduate levels. Human services programs are in countries all around the world.
395:
The
National Organization for Human Services (NOHS) is a professional organization open to educators, professionals, and students interested in current issues in the field of human services. NOHS sponsors an annual
2715:
1057:
366:
Currently, the three major employment roles played by human services graduates include providing direct service, performing administrative work, and working in the community. According to the
246:
The development of community college human services programs was supported with government funding that was earmarked for the federal new careers initiatives. In turn, the federally funded
215:
became a major force in preserving human services as an academic discipline. Currently, Springfield
College is one of the oldest and largest human services program in the United States.
1688:
Foster-Fishman, P.G.; Behrens, T.R. (June 2007). "Systems change reborn: Rethinking our theories, methods, and efforts in human services reform and community-based change".
318:
for human services practitioners seeking to advance their careers by acquiring independent verification of their practical knowledge and educational background.
231:
for direct service jobs in areas such as mental health. Currently, a large percentage of human services programs are run at the community college level.
1197:
2710:
2700:
441:
387:
There are several different professional human services organizations for professionals, educators, and students to join across North America.
46:
994:
854:
725:
Agranoff, R. (1974). "Human services administration: Service delivery, service integration, and training". In Mikulecky, Thomas J. (ed.).
2750:
405:
409:
2783:
2755:
1795:
203:(1931–1996), who was considered an innovative educator for her time. The Audrey Cohen College of Human Services, now called the
2760:
2076:
1069:
954:
2818:
2725:
1519:
1459:
1432:
1096:
429:
2808:
686:"Community psychology, community mental health and social needs: The need for a body of knowledge in community psychology"
2765:
2329:
1917:
208:
1833:
2823:
2349:
1932:
1484:
1358:
1325:
1292:
1259:
1226:
1044:
933:
887:
806:
727:
Human services integration: a report of a special project conducted by the American Society for Public Administration
701:
641:
601:
220:
119:
80:
239:
204:
1509:
1449:
1422:
1385:
2466:
2094:
2071:
281:
1735:. In Y. Hasenfeld, Human Services as Complex Organizations (pp. 3–23). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
2921:
2740:
2690:
2502:
2399:
2160:
2061:
1974:
17:
2955:
2933:
2573:
2344:
1724:
Friedman, L. J. (2003). Giving and caring in early America 1601-1861. In L.J. Friedman, & M.D. McGarvie,
367:
2438:
2165:
169:
1621:
2960:
2585:
2478:
2389:
2202:
2190:
2099:
1788:
469:
449:
greater good of Canadian civil society rather than short-term professional, business or economic gains.
2655:
2580:
2485:
2021:
544:
1016:
True, John E.; Young, Carl E. (December 1974). "Associate degree programs for human service workers".
2777:
2772:
2640:
2339:
2046:
2004:
1968:
1875:
1201:
594:
Foundations in human services practice: A generalist perspective on individual, agency, and community
1684:(G. Lawrence, Trans.). New York, NY: Harper Perennial Modern Classic (Original work published 1832).
2615:
2314:
2026:
1922:
693:
685:
504:
272:
to the CSHSE's webpage there are only 43 accredited human services programs in the United States.
140:, use systems approaches to consider human problems, and be involved in progressive social change.
62:
58:
2965:
2886:
2813:
2645:
474:
2909:
2881:
2660:
2384:
1870:
1781:
971:
831:
565:
529:
489:
371:
1555:
1535:
219:
the earliest educational initiatives to develop undergraduate curricula was undertaken by the
2866:
2650:
2185:
2086:
1979:
1828:
499:
445:
289:
129:
2841:
2625:
2490:
2456:
2404:
2229:
2224:
2170:
2126:
2016:
1954:
1843:
1838:
494:
285:
8:
2851:
2846:
2620:
2419:
2409:
2244:
1853:
1656:
397:
277:
54:
2473:
2056:
1905:
1713:
1174:
1149:
1029:
774:
749:
631:
420:
and human services policy and practice. APHSA has individual and student memberships.
255:
within social service agencies because they lacked a graduate or professional degree.
168:. It was proposed that reducing monopolistic control on professionals could result in
2635:
2630:
2558:
2507:
2281:
2261:
2249:
2209:
2180:
2148:
2066:
1959:
1927:
1823:
1705:
1515:
1490:
1480:
1455:
1428:
1364:
1354:
1331:
1321:
1298:
1288:
1265:
1255:
1232:
1222:
1216:
1179:
1092:
1061:
986:
946:
893:
883:
876:
846:
812:
802:
779:
730:
707:
697:
647:
637:
607:
597:
509:
484:
224:
1086:
2800:
2553:
2512:
2324:
2299:
2111:
2041:
1885:
1717:
1697:
1169:
1161:
1025:
769:
761:
459:
293:
228:
173:
136:). Furthermore, professionals would learn to take responsibility at all levels of
2861:
2563:
2366:
2359:
2294:
2234:
2116:
2106:
2036:
2009:
1994:
1949:
1939:
1890:
1050:
A Core of Competence for Baccalaureate Social Welfare and Curricular Implications
1048:
972:"Multiple forms of scholarship and their implications on human service educators"
939:
Plans for teaching mental health workers: Community college curriculum objectives
937:
464:
252:
2548:
2334:
2271:
2256:
2239:
2197:
1999:
1880:
1042:
931:
479:
433:
301:
207:, offered one of the first graduate programs in 1974. In the same time period,
1701:
729:. Washington, DC: American Society for Public Administration. pp. 42–51.
284:, organizational change, management of human service organizations, advocacy,
2949:
2856:
2735:
2543:
2517:
2394:
2354:
2319:
2309:
2289:
2031:
1989:
1964:
1912:
1900:
1895:
1804:
1368:
1335:
1302:
1236:
1065:
990:
950:
850:
611:
514:
265:
212:
165:
133:
1494:
1269:
816:
2876:
2304:
2153:
2143:
2121:
2051:
1944:
1858:
1709:
1165:
897:
651:
268:
status from the Council for Standards in Human Services Education (CSHSE).
200:
124:
1183:
783:
765:
734:
242:, which offered one of the first graduate human services programs in 1974.
2871:
2568:
2266:
2175:
2138:
1576:
1421:
Monette, Duane R.; Sullivan, Thomas J.; DeJong, Cornell R. (2013-03-08).
711:
534:
247:
152:
1600:
1148:
Steinberg, Sheldon S.; Shatz, Eunice O.; Fishman, Jacob R. (July 1969).
1088:
The perpetual dream : reform and experiment in the American college
2497:
2219:
1661:
Making human beings human: Biological perspectives on human development
1556:"Human Services Career Overview - Human Services EduHuman Services Edu"
1536:"Human Services Career Overview - Human Services EduHuman Services Edu"
1393:
519:
234:
137:
1768:
From Poor Law to welfare state: A History of social welfare in America
2595:
2414:
1984:
1865:
539:
524:
437:
144:
2461:
2214:
1848:
1818:
1150:"New careers: a major solution to the environmental health problem"
322:
providers, are committed to high standards, and adhere to the NOHS
160:
1747:
The eighteenth-century records of the Boston overseers of the poor
1072:
957:
878:
The perpetual dream: reform and experiment in the American college
2133:
297:
148:
1773:
1091:. Internet Archive. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
2428:
1754:
Theory, practice, and trends in human services: An introduction
1625:
343:
Administration, program development/evaluation, and supervision
2590:
1651:
Changing human services organizations: Political and practice
404:
Human services special interest groups also exist within the
227:
human services programs were the most expedient way to train
1728:(pp. 23–48). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
1254:(6th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole--Thomson Learning.
2716:
Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety
2522:
690:
Community psychology: Perspectives in training and research
665:
Dumont, M (1970). "The changing face of professionalism".
1351:
Grant writing and fundraising tool kit for Human Services
1154:
American Journal of Public Health and the Nation's Health
307:
156:
1407:
750:"From community mental health to human service ideology"
633:
Human services professional education: Future directions
625:
623:
621:
176:
to start the new academic discipline of human services.
1726:
Charity, philanthropy, and civility in American history
251:
paraprofessionals, but there were limitations to their
132:) and to be accountable to the communities they serve (
1675:
Breaking the chains: The crusade of Dorothea Lynde Dix
1477:
An introduction to human services: Policy and practice
1424:
Applied Social Research: A Tool for the Human Services
334:
Assessment, treatment planning, and outcome evaluation
1687:
1420:
1147:
1056:, Washington, DC: Social and Rehabilitation Service (
945:, Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Mental Health,
618:
1749:. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press.
799:
Human services: concepts and intervention strategies
1408:"Council for Standards in Human Services Education"
1285:
Excellence in human service organization management
444:organization for the advancement of health equity,
1132:
1036:
875:
340:Case management, professional practice, and ethics
1479:(6th ed.). Boston: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon.
1318:Advocacy for social justice: A global perspective
1221:(6th ed.). Bemont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole.
1141:
1123:
801:(9th ed.). Boston: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon.
688:. In Iscoe, Ira; Spielberger, Charles D. (eds.).
2947:
629:
324:Ethical Standards of Human Service Professionals
1105:
832:"Defining human services: A discourse analysis"
1250:Burger, William R.; Youkeles, Merrill (2004).
1249:
1214:
796:
587:
585:
292:, social welfare policy, service integration,
1789:
1475:Mandell, Betty Reid; Schram, Barbara (2006).
1474:
1386:"Human Services-Board Certified Practitioner"
927:
925:
377:
304:, development, and social change strategies.
43:The examples and perspective in this article
1763:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
1380:
1378:
1084:
1058:Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
873:
797:Mehr, Joseph J.; Kanwischer, Ronald (2004).
1622:"The Canadian Institute for Human Services"
1287:(2nd ed.). Boston: Pearson Education.
1276:
1215:Woodside, Marianne; McClam, Tricia (2009).
1114:
582:
2751:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1796:
1782:
1666:Cimbala, P.A., & Miller, R.M. (1999).
1601:"National Organization for Human Services"
1342:
1309:
922:
913:
406:American Society for Public Administration
123:ideology about human service delivery and
2711:Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
2701:Center for Disease Control and Prevention
1745:Nellis, E.G., & Decker, A.D. (2001).
1733:The nature of human service organizations
1670:. New York, NY: Fordham University Press.
1375:
1173:
1015:
904:
773:
410:American Educational Research Association
81:Learn how and when to remove this message
1690:American Journal of Community Psychology
1668:The Freedman's Bureau and Reconstruction
1043:McPheeters, Harold L.; Ryan, Robert M.;
969:
882:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
869:
867:
741:
724:
630:Chenault, Joann; Burnford, Fran (1978).
591:
347:
233:
2756:Health departments in the United States
1742:. Fresno, CA: Edwards Publishing House.
1663:. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
1649:Brager, G., & Holloway, S. (1978).
1282:
1011:
1009:
1007:
932:McPheeters, Harold L.; King, James B.;
829:
14:
2948:
2761:Council on Education for Public Health
1390:Center for Credentialing and Education
1348:
1315:
1252:Human services in contemporary America
1198:"Directory of human services programs"
1085:Grant, Gerald; Riesman, David (1978).
874:Grant, Gerald; Riesman, David (1978).
664:
308:Certification and continuing education
143:Traditional academic programs such as
2819:Professional degrees of public health
2726:Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
1777:
1511:Theory And Practice In Human Services
1451:Theory And Practice In Human Services
864:
747:
683:
430:Canadian Institute for Human Services
356:
337:Theoretical orientation/interventions
2916:
2809:Bachelor of Science in Public Health
1507:
1447:
1004:
183:
29:
2928:
2077:Workers' right to access the toilet
1918:Human right to water and sanitation
1441:
258:
24:
1643:
1528:
1501:
1414:
1111:Grosser, Henry, & Kelly, 1969.
1030:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1974.tb03788.x
1000:from the original on 5 March 2016.
860:from the original on 5 March 2016.
390:
361:
312:
188:
25:
2977:
2350:Commercial determinants of health
1803:
1574:
1218:An introduction to human services
1045:Southern Regional Education Board
934:Southern Regional Education Board
754:American Journal of Public Health
596:(1st ed.). Boston: Pearson.
221:Southern Regional Education Board
2927:
2915:
2904:
2903:
1933:National public health institute
1756:(6th ed.). Belmont, CA: Cengage.
382:
240:Metropolitan College of New York
205:Metropolitan College of New York
118:Human services has its roots in
113:
34:
27:Interdisciplinary field of study
2330:Open-source healthcare software
2072:Sociology of health and illness
1770:. New York, NY: The Free Press.
1761:The English Poor Law, 1531-1782
1653:. New York, NY: The Free Press.
1614:
1593:
1568:
1548:
1468:
1400:
1243:
1208:
1190:
1078:
970:Sweitzer, H. Frederick (2003).
963:
692:. New York: Appleton. pp.
2691:Caribbean Public Health Agency
2503:Sexually transmitted infection
2400:Statistical hypothesis testing
2161:Occupational safety and health
2062:Sexual and reproductive health
1975:Occupational safety and health
1514:. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
1454:. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
1018:Personnel and Guidance Journal
823:
790:
718:
677:
658:
558:
193:
13:
1:
2345:Social determinants of health
1740:The life of George Washington
1581:www.nationalhumanservices.org
1508:Neil, Thompson (2000-05-01).
1448:Neil, Thompson (2000-05-01).
1353:. Boston: Pearson Education.
570:www.nationalhumanservices.org
552:
368:Occupational Outlook Handbook
296:, integration of technology,
2405:Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
2166:Human factors and ergonomics
1316:Martin, Michelle E. (2014).
1138:Riessman & Popper, 1968.
592:Herzberg, Judith T. (2015).
547:, "father of human services"
170:democratization of knowledge
7:
2586:Good manufacturing practice
2390:Randomized controlled trial
1680:De Tocqueville, A. (2006).
1677:. New York, NY: ASJA Press.
1129:Pearl & Riessman, 1965.
470:Counterculture of the 1960s
452:
57:, discuss the issue on the
10:
2982:
2656:Theory of planned behavior
2581:Good agricultural practice
2486:Public health surveillance
2378:epidemiological statistics
2022:Public health intervention
1283:Kettner, Peter M. (2014).
830:Kincaid, Susan O. (2009).
545:Harold Lawrence McPheeters
378:Professional organizations
108:
2899:
2834:
2793:
2778:World Toilet Organization
2773:World Health Organization
2680:
2669:
2606:
2531:
2447:
2375:
2340:Public health informatics
2280:
2085:
2047:Right to rest and leisure
1876:Globalization and disease
1811:
1702:10.1007/s10464-007-9104-5
636:. New York: McGraw-Hill.
566:"What is Human Services?"
423:
2824:Schools of public health
2616:Diffusion of innovations
2315:Health impact assessment
2027:Public health laboratory
1923:Management of depression
1349:Dustin, Jill C. (2013).
505:Human Potential Movement
2887:Social hygiene movement
2814:Doctor of Public Health
2646:Social cognitive theory
2448:Infectious and epidemic
2230:Fecal–oral transmission
1766:Trattner, W.I. (1999).
979:Human Service Education
839:Human Service Education
475:Community mental health
264:conjunction with their
2882:Germ theory of disease
2661:Transtheoretical model
1731:Hasenfeld, Y. (1992).
1166:10.2105/AJPH.59.7.1118
748:Baker, F (June 1974).
530:Social care in England
490:Health and Social Care
372:US Department of Labor
243:
2766:Public Health Service
2651:Social norms approach
2641:PRECEDE–PROCEED model
2087:Preventive healthcare
1980:Pharmaceutical policy
1829:Chief Medical Officer
1738:Marshall, J. (2011).
1575:Admin, MemberClicks.
1204:on 29 September 2013.
766:10.2105/ajph.64.6.576
500:Humanistic Psychology
446:progressive education
348:Tools and methodology
290:community development
237:
130:humanistic psychology
2956:Academic disciplines
2842:Sara Josephine Baker
2741:Public Health Agency
2626:Health communication
2491:Disease surveillance
2457:Asymptomatic carrier
2439:Statistical software
2127:Preventive nutrition
1955:Medical anthropology
1844:Environmental health
1752:Neukrug, E. (2016).
1682:Democracy in America
1427:. Cengage Learning.
495:Humanistic Education
286:community organizing
63:create a new article
55:improve this article
45:may not represent a
2852:Carl Rogers Darnall
2847:Samuel Jay Crumbine
2621:Health belief model
2474:Notifiable diseases
2410:Regression analysis
2245:Waterborne diseases
1834:Cultural competence
1673:Colman, P. (2007).
1320:. Boston: Pearson.
370:, published by the
278:Urie Bronfenbrenner
248:New Careers Program
209:Springfield College
2961:Community building
2450:disease prevention
2385:Case–control study
2057:Security of person
1906:Health care reform
1759:Slack, P. (1995).
1657:Bronfenbrenner, U.
684:Reiff, R. (1970).
357:Employment outlook
244:
2943:
2942:
2895:
2894:
2805:Higher education
2636:Positive deviance
2631:Health psychology
2607:Health behavioral
2534:safety management
2508:Social distancing
2282:Population health
2262:Smoking cessation
2210:Pharmacovigilance
2181:Injury prevention
2149:Infection control
2067:Social psychology
2017:Prisoners' rights
1960:Medical sociology
1928:Public health law
1824:Biological hazard
1521:978-0-335-20425-0
1461:978-0-335-20425-0
1434:978-1-285-60572-2
1098:978-0-226-30605-6
1047:(December 1971),
936:(February 1971),
510:Political Economy
485:Feminist Movement
229:paraprofessionals
225:community college
184:Academic programs
91:
90:
83:
65:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
2973:
2931:
2930:
2919:
2918:
2907:
2906:
2801:Health education
2678:
2677:
2532:Food hygiene and
2513:Tropical disease
2325:Infant mortality
2300:Community health
2176:Controlled Drugs
2112:Health promotion
2042:Right to housing
1886:Health economics
1798:
1791:
1784:
1775:
1774:
1721:
1696:(3–4): 191–196.
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1628:on 16 April 2014
1624:. Archived from
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1392:. Archived from
1382:
1373:
1372:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1200:. Archived from
1194:
1188:
1187:
1177:
1160:(7): 1118–1123.
1145:
1139:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1055:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1013:
1002:
1001:
999:
976:
967:
961:
960:
944:
929:
920:
917:
911:
908:
902:
901:
881:
871:
862:
861:
859:
836:
827:
821:
820:
794:
788:
787:
777:
745:
739:
738:
722:
716:
715:
681:
675:
674:
662:
656:
655:
627:
616:
615:
589:
580:
579:
577:
576:
562:
460:Civil resistance
294:multiculturalism
259:Current programs
174:higher education
86:
79:
75:
72:
66:
38:
37:
30:
21:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2891:
2862:Margaret Sanger
2830:
2789:
2673:
2671:
2665:
2608:
2602:
2574:Safety scandals
2533:
2527:
2449:
2443:
2377:
2371:
2367:Social medicine
2360:Race and health
2295:Child mortality
2276:
2235:Open defecation
2117:Human nutrition
2107:Family planning
2095:Behavior change
2081:
2037:Right to health
1950:Maternal health
1940:Health politics
1891:Health literacy
1807:
1802:
1646:
1644:Further reading
1641:
1631:
1629:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1585:
1583:
1573:
1569:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1506:
1502:
1487:
1473:
1469:
1462:
1446:
1442:
1435:
1419:
1415:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1384:
1383:
1376:
1361:
1347:
1343:
1328:
1314:
1310:
1295:
1281:
1277:
1262:
1248:
1244:
1229:
1213:
1209:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1083:
1079:
1053:
1041:
1037:
1014:
1005:
997:
974:
968:
964:
942:
930:
923:
918:
914:
909:
905:
890:
872:
865:
857:
834:
828:
824:
809:
795:
791:
746:
742:
723:
719:
704:
682:
678:
663:
659:
644:
628:
619:
604:
590:
583:
574:
572:
564:
563:
559:
555:
550:
465:Critical Theory
455:
442:action-research
426:
408:(ASPA) and the
393:
385:
380:
364:
359:
350:
315:
310:
282:case management
261:
253:upward mobility
196:
191:
186:
125:professionalism
116:
111:
87:
76:
70:
67:
52:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2979:
2969:
2968:
2966:Human sciences
2963:
2958:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2925:
2913:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2803:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2684:
2682:
2675:
2670:Organizations,
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2583:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2537:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2459:
2453:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2426:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2381:
2379:
2376:Biological and
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2342:
2337:
2335:Multimorbidity
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2286:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2272:Vector control
2269:
2264:
2259:
2257:School hygiene
2254:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2240:Sanitary sewer
2237:
2232:
2227:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2198:Patient safety
2195:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2091:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1881:Harm reduction
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1801:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1685:
1678:
1671:
1664:
1654:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1613:
1592:
1567:
1547:
1527:
1520:
1500:
1485:
1467:
1460:
1440:
1433:
1413:
1399:
1396:on 2013-12-02.
1374:
1359:
1341:
1326:
1308:
1293:
1275:
1260:
1242:
1227:
1207:
1189:
1140:
1131:
1122:
1120:Haskell, 1969.
1113:
1104:
1097:
1077:
1035:
1024:(4): 304–307.
1003:
962:
921:
912:
903:
888:
863:
822:
807:
789:
760:(6): 576–581.
740:
717:
702:
676:
657:
642:
617:
602:
581:
556:
554:
551:
549:
548:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
480:Ethics of care
477:
472:
467:
462:
456:
454:
451:
425:
422:
392:
389:
384:
381:
379:
376:
363:
360:
358:
355:
349:
346:
345:
344:
341:
338:
335:
314:
311:
309:
306:
302:social justice
298:poverty issues
276:(developed by
260:
257:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
115:
112:
110:
107:
94:Human services
89:
88:
49:of the subject
47:worldwide view
42:
40:
33:
26:
18:Human Services
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2978:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2936:
2935:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2857:Joseph Lister
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2785:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2736:Health Canada
2734:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:Organizations
2679:
2676:
2668:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2605:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2518:Vaccine trial
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2395:Relative risk
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2355:Health equity
2353:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2320:Health system
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2310:Global health
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2290:Biostatistics
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2032:Right to food
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1965:Mental health
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1913:Housing First
1911:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1901:Health system
1899:
1898:
1897:
1896:Health policy
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1805:Public health
1799:
1794:
1792:
1787:
1785:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1602:
1596:
1582:
1578:
1571:
1557:
1551:
1537:
1531:
1523:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1504:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1486:9780205442140
1482:
1478:
1471:
1463:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1444:
1436:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1417:
1409:
1403:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1379:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1360:9780205088690
1356:
1352:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1327:9780205087396
1323:
1319:
1312:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1294:9780205088157
1290:
1286:
1279:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1261:9780534547479
1257:
1253:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1228:9780495503361
1224:
1220:
1219:
1211:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1144:
1135:
1126:
1117:
1108:
1100:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1081:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1039:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1012:
1010:
1008:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
973:
966:
959:
956:
952:
948:
941:
940:
935:
928:
926:
919:Kadish, 1969.
916:
907:
899:
895:
891:
889:9780226306056
885:
880:
879:
870:
868:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
833:
826:
818:
814:
810:
808:9780205381210
804:
800:
793:
785:
781:
776:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
744:
736:
732:
728:
721:
713:
709:
705:
703:9780390477712
699:
695:
691:
687:
680:
672:
668:
667:Social Policy
661:
653:
649:
645:
643:9780070107328
639:
635:
634:
626:
624:
622:
613:
609:
605:
603:9780205858255
599:
595:
588:
586:
571:
567:
561:
557:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
515:Postmodernism
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
457:
450:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
421:
417:
413:
411:
407:
402:
399:
391:United States
388:
383:North America
375:
373:
369:
362:United States
354:
342:
339:
336:
333:
332:
331:
327:
325:
319:
313:United States
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
273:
269:
267:
266:accreditation
256:
254:
249:
241:
238:Photo of the
236:
232:
230:
226:
222:
216:
214:
213:Massachusetts
210:
206:
202:
189:United States
181:
177:
175:
171:
167:
166:social change
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
141:
139:
135:
134:postmodernism
131:
126:
121:
114:United States
106:
102:
98:
95:
85:
82:
74:
64:
60:
56:
50:
48:
41:
32:
31:
19:
2932:
2920:
2908:
2877:Radium Girls
2872:Typhoid Mary
2559:Microbiology
2429:
2421:
2305:Epidemiology
2203:Organization
2154:Oral hygiene
2144:Hand washing
2122:Healthy diet
2052:Right to sit
1945:Labor rights
1767:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1693:
1689:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1660:
1650:
1630:. Retrieved
1626:the original
1616:
1604:. Retrieved
1595:
1584:. Retrieved
1580:
1570:
1559:. Retrieved
1550:
1539:. Retrieved
1530:
1510:
1503:
1476:
1470:
1450:
1443:
1423:
1416:
1402:
1394:the original
1389:
1350:
1344:
1317:
1311:
1284:
1278:
1251:
1245:
1217:
1210:
1202:the original
1192:
1157:
1153:
1143:
1134:
1125:
1116:
1107:
1087:
1080:
1049:
1038:
1021:
1017:
982:
978:
965:
938:
915:
910:Cohen, 1969.
906:
877:
845:(1): 14–23.
842:
838:
825:
798:
792:
757:
753:
743:
726:
720:
689:
679:
670:
666:
660:
632:
593:
573:. Retrieved
569:
560:
427:
418:
414:
403:
394:
386:
365:
351:
328:
323:
320:
316:
274:
270:
262:
245:
217:
201:Audrey Cohen
197:
178:
164:to work for
142:
117:
103:
99:
93:
92:
77:
71:October 2015
68:
44:
2934:WikiProject
2674:and history
2554:Engineering
2267:Vaccination
2139:Food safety
985:(1): 5–13.
535:Social Work
194:Development
153:social work
2950:Categories
2687:Caribbean
2564:Processing
2498:Quarantine
2420:Student's
2220:Sanitation
1854:History of
1586:2022-12-10
1561:2022-12-10
1541:2022-12-06
575:2022-11-17
553:References
520:Psychology
398:conference
138:government
120:charitable
2867:John Snow
2794:Education
2784:Full list
2672:education
2596:ISO 22000
2549:Chemistry
2462:Epidemics
2415:ROC curve
2225:Emergency
2005:Radiation
1985:Pollution
1969:Ministers
1866:Euthenics
1369:793099562
1336:858610652
1303:829937218
1237:224438780
1066:425729945
991:0890-5428
951:425565522
851:0890-5428
612:881181908
540:Sociology
525:Poor laws
438:education
145:education
59:talk page
2910:Category
2609:sciences
2544:Additive
2215:Safe sex
2186:Medicine
2100:Theories
1871:Genomics
1849:Eugenics
1839:Deviance
1819:Auxology
1710:17510793
1659:(2005).
1632:16 April
1495:58546150
1270:52578972
1073:ED079210
995:Archived
958:ED065726
855:Archived
817:51477841
673:: 26–31.
453:See also
434:advocacy
161:medicine
53:You may
2922:Commons
2835:History
2732:Canada
2707:Europe
2191:Nursing
2171:Hygiene
2134:Hygiene
1859:Liberal
1812:General
1718:1225681
1184:5815750
1175:1226583
898:3203327
784:4829069
775:1775477
652:3650238
149:nursing
109:History
2722:India
2697:China
2569:Safety
2250:Worker
1716:
1708:
1606:6 July
1577:"Home"
1518:
1493:
1483:
1458:
1431:
1367:
1357:
1334:
1324:
1301:
1291:
1268:
1258:
1235:
1225:
1182:
1172:
1095:
1064:
989:
949:
896:
886:
849:
815:
805:
782:
772:
735:918115
733:
710:
700:
650:
640:
610:
600:
432:is an
424:Canada
2747:U.S.
2591:HACCP
2540:Food
2432:-test
2424:-test
2010:Light
1995:Water
1714:S2CID
1054:(PDF)
998:(PDF)
975:(PDF)
943:(PDF)
858:(PDF)
835:(PDF)
712:92432
61:, or
2523:WASH
2479:List
2467:List
2000:Soil
1706:PMID
1634:2014
1608:2013
1516:ISBN
1491:OCLC
1481:ISBN
1456:ISBN
1429:ISBN
1365:OCLC
1355:ISBN
1332:OCLC
1322:ISBN
1299:OCLC
1289:ISBN
1266:OCLC
1256:ISBN
1233:OCLC
1223:ISBN
1180:PMID
1093:ISBN
1070:ERIC
1062:OCLC
987:ISSN
955:ERIC
947:OCLC
894:OCLC
884:ISBN
847:ISSN
813:OCLC
803:ISBN
780:PMID
731:OCLC
708:OCLC
698:ISBN
648:OCLC
638:ISBN
608:OCLC
598:ISBN
440:and
428:The
159:and
1990:Air
1698:doi
1170:PMC
1162:doi
1060:),
1026:doi
770:PMC
762:doi
211:in
157:law
2952::
1712:.
1704:.
1694:39
1692:.
1579:.
1489:.
1388:.
1377:^
1363:.
1330:.
1297:.
1264:.
1231:.
1178:.
1168:.
1158:59
1156:.
1152:.
1068:,
1022:53
1020:.
1006:^
993:.
983:25
981:.
977:.
953:,
924:^
892:.
866:^
853:.
843:29
841:.
837:.
811:.
778:.
768:.
758:64
756:.
752:.
706:.
696:.
694:1-
669:.
646:.
620:^
606:.
584:^
568:.
436:,
300:,
288:,
155:,
151:,
147:,
2786:)
2782:(
2430:Z
2422:t
1971:)
1967:(
1797:e
1790:t
1783:v
1720:.
1700::
1636:.
1610:.
1589:.
1564:.
1544:.
1524:.
1497:.
1464:.
1437:.
1410:.
1371:.
1338:.
1305:.
1272:.
1239:.
1186:.
1164::
1101:.
1032:.
1028::
900:.
819:.
786:.
764::
737:.
714:.
671:1
654:.
614:.
578:.
128:(
84:)
78:(
73:)
69:(
51:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
