217:, excited a strong sensation in the trade, by announcing a new method of spinning flax, by which much finer and better yarn was produced, than by any other process previously adopted. He announced this invention not only as new, but as his own; the results of his experiments were published in many provincial and London papers; and he granted to several flax-spinners, the right of using his invention, for which he obtained a patent. The public will now hear, perhaps with some astonishment, that all this noise was made for a discovery long since published on the continent, and even patented in England twelve years ago. This new process of spinning, announced by Mr. Kay, is the same which I invented fourteen years since, and which is established, with great success, in France, Saxony, and Germany. A patent was taken out in England, in the month of May, 1815, by my partners in Paris, Messers. Cachard and Lanthois, in the name of Mr. Horace Hall.
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163:, which is passed between three pairs of rollers, each pair rotating slightly faster than the previous one. In this way it is reduced in thickness and increased in length before a strengthening twist is added by a bobbin-and-flyer mechanism. The spacing of the rollers has to be slightly greater than the fiber length to prevent breakage. The nip of the roller pairs prevents the twist from backing up to the roving.
196:. His inventions were also patented in England in 1815, in the name of Horace Hall. Little is known about Horace Hall, it is a possible pseudonym. Undoubtedly if he had taken out his patent in England in 1815, the year of the
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In the
British Isles, James Kay was initially credited with the invention of this device. On 2 December 1826 shortly after Kay's patent was awarded, Philippe Henri de Girard wrote to the Editor of
1325:
109:(patented in 1769). Mechanisms had increased production of yarn so dramatically that by 1830 the cottage yarn industry in England could no longer compete and all spinning was carried out in
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expanded its markets and adopted faster machines, yarn supplies became scarce especially due to innovations such as the doubling of the loom speed after the invention of the
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Too large to be operated by hand, the spinning frame needed a new source of power. Arkwright experimented with horses, but decided to employ the power of the
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185:) threads. The jennies required skill but were inexpensive and could be used in a home. The spinning frames required capital but little skill.
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Kay's patent was invalidated, in 1839, on the grounds it was too similar to Horace Hall's; A decision upheld on appeal, in 1841.
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threads that bound cloth together, while hand powered jennies provided the weaker yarn used for the horizontal filler (
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for spinning thread or yarn from fibres such as wool or cotton in a mechanized way. It was developed in 18th-century
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to produce a new spinning machine that Kay had worked on with (or possibly stolen from) another inventor named
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complaining about and pointing out he had been the inventor. The following is an extract from his letter:
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For some time, the stronger yarn produced by the spinning frame was used in looms for the lengthwise
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in 1764, followed closely by the invention of the spinning frame, later developed into the
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The roller spinning process starts with a thick 'string' of loose fibres called a
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Amalgamated
Association of Beamers, Twisters and Drawers (Hand and Machine)
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In 1760 England, yarn production from wool, flax and cotton was still a
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Industrial
Revolution invention for spinning thread in a mechanized way
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General Union of
Lancashire and Yorkshire Warp Dressers' Association
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James Kay of Turton Tower: Inventor and Flax
Spinner (1774-1857)
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patented spinning frames for both the dry and wet spinning of
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276:. Vol. 1. London: G.G. and J. Robinson. pp. 391–2.
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North East
Lancashire Amalgamated Weavers' Association
132:. With the help of other local craftsmen, including
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77:
Textile manufacture during the
Industrial Revolution
391:
on
Arkwright, showing his links with Kay and Highs.
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101:. High demand for yarn spurred invention of the
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1306:Amalgamated Textile Warehousemen's Association
360:
319:
237:
683:
410:
213:A few months ago, a gentleman of the name of
836:B. Hick and Sons / Hick, Hargreaves & Co
291:An Encyclopedia of the History of Technology
271:
1356:United Textile Factory Workers' Association
1346:Northern Counties Textile Trades Federation
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676:
417:
403:
280:
331:
251:"Thomas Highs and his spinning machines"
36:
14:
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286:
272:Aikin, John; Enfield, William (1799).
876:Yates & Thom / Yates of Blackburn
697:
671:
398:
243:
170:, which gave the invention the name '
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24:
1311:Amalgamated Textile Workers' Union
856:William Roberts & Co of Nelson
25:
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1331:General Union of Loom Overlookers
382:
377:. London: Longmans, Green and Co.
1601:Industrial Revolution in England
1316:Amalgamated Weavers' Association
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488:
1596:History of the textile industry
746:Sidney Stott (later Sir Philip)
354:
1174:Amalgamated Cotton Mills Trust
371:The Skilled Labourer 1760–1832
325:
295:. London: Routledge. pp.
265:
152:to stretch, or attenuate, the
116:
13:
1:
1149:Lancashire Cotton Corporation
1123:Thomas Whitehead and Brothers
826:W & J Galloway & Sons
927:John Hetherington & Sons
811:Clayton, Goodfellow & Co
424:
257:. 2006-10-10. Archived from
7:
912:Butterworth & Dickinson
336:. Independently published.
10:
1617:
1144:Fine Spinners and Doublers
752:
332:Horrocks, Richard (2020).
320:Hammond & Hammond 1919
238:Hammond & Hammond 1919
144:. The frame utilised the
74:
29:
1555:John Kay (spinning frame)
1550:John Kay (flying shuttle)
1517:
1481:
1395:
1364:
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1195:Cotton-spinning machinery
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967:Parr, Curtis & Madely
917:Curtis, Parr & Walton
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796:Browett, Lindley & Co
763:
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597:Cotton-spinning machinery
589:
543:
497:
486:
432:
89:and spun by hand using a
992:Textile Machinery Makers
972:British Northrop Loom Co
891:Woolstenhulmes & Rye
841:John Musgrave & Sons
721:Bradshaw Gass & Hope
224:
190:Philippe Henri de Girard
30:Not to be confused with
1509:Quarry Bank Mill, Styal
1169:James Burton & Sons
1159:Combined Egyptian Mills
997:Tweedales & Smalley
206:The Manchester Guardian
1205:Magnetic ring spinning
1200:DREF friction spinning
881:Willans & Robinson
786:Bateman & Sherratt
617:Magnetic ring spinning
612:DREF friction spinning
219:
41:
1382:Mule spinners' cancer
1351:The Textile Institute
1321:Cardroom Amalgamation
1190:Textile manufacturing
1002:T. Wildman & Sons
987:Taylor, Lang & Co
947:Howard & Bullough
937:John Pilling and Sons
871:Urmson & Thompson
781:Ashworth & Parker
622:Mule spinners' cancer
211:
85:in which fibres were
50:Industrial Revolution
40:
1365:Employment practices
1183:Industrial processes
801:Buckley & Taylor
726:F.W. Dixon & Son
657:Wool combing machine
287:McNeil, Ian (1990).
1377:Kissing the shuttle
1154:Bagley & Wright
1093:George Augustus Lee
1083:William Houldsworth
1053:Nathaniel Eckersley
922:Dobson & Barlow
866:Scott & Hodgson
831:Benjamin Goodfellow
816:Earnshaw & Holt
590:Industrial spinning
544:Hand spinning tools
1591:English inventions
1033:Hugh Hornby Birley
977:Pemberton & Co
962:Mather & Platt
942:Harling & Todd
907:Brooks & Doxey
851:Petrie of Rochdale
846:J & W McNaught
791:Boulton & Watt
198:Battle of Waterloo
71:Historical context
42:
1581:Textile machinery
1568:
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1525:Richard Arkwright
1504:Weavers' Triangle
1499:Queen Street Mill
1280:Lancashire boiler
1210:Open-end spinning
1132:Limited companies
1098:Charles Macintosh
1038:Joseph Brotherton
665:
664:
607:Open-end spinning
274:General Biography
122:Richard Arkwright
61:Richard Arkwright
16:(Redirected from
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1540:James Hargreaves
1438:Oldham (borough)
1048:Peter Drinkwater
1018:Elkanah Armitage
900:Machinery makers
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1494:Helmshore Mills
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1387:Piece-rate list
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1255:Lancashire Loom
1178:
1139:Oldham Limiteds
1127:
1078:Richard Howarth
1006:
952:Geo. Hattersley
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716:David Bellhouse
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383:External links
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362:Hammond, J. L.
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343:979-8651909896
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261:on 2008-05-14.
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138:spinning jenny
134:Peter Atherton
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103:spinning jenny
99:flying shuttle
91:spinning wheel
75:Main article:
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1230:Spinning mule
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806:Carels Frères
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764:Engine makers
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642:Spinning mule
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602:Ring spinning
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551:Hand spinning
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1545:Thomas Highs
1289:Associations
1265:Air-jet loom
1250:Roberts Loom
1219:
1118:John Rylands
1088:John Kennedy
1063:William Gray
1058:John Fielden
1043:James Burton
861:George Saxon
776:Ashton Frost
731:Edward Potts
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259:the original
255:Cotton Times
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148:invented by
146:draw rollers
140:invented by
130:Thomas Highs
120:
80:
45:
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1560:Robert Owen
1270:Rapier loom
1245:Water frame
1113:Robert Peel
1073:Samuel Greg
1068:Hannah Greg
1028:Hugh Birley
1011:Mill owners
652:Water frame
561:Niddy noddy
188:In France,
172:water frame
168:water wheel
117:Development
107:water frame
18:Horace Hall
1575:Categories
1433:Manchester
1428:Lancashire
1423:Derbyshire
1372:More looms
1275:Dandy loom
1164:Courtaulds
1103:Hugh Mason
709:Architects
699:Lancashire
566:Nostepinne
530:Short draw
498:Techniques
306:0415147921
150:Lewis Paul
93:. As the
32:Spin frame
1473:Yorkshire
1458:Stockport
1403:LCC mills
821:Fairbairn
525:Scutching
520:Long draw
433:Materials
124:employed
111:factories
53:invention
1586:Spinning
1518:Pioneers
1463:Tameside
1448:Rochdale
1418:Cheshire
1240:Steaming
957:Asa Lees
515:Heckling
426:Spinning
368:(1919).
126:John Kay
65:John Kay
1482:Museums
1453:Salford
1443:Preston
1235:Carding
571:Spindle
556:Distaff
510:Combing
505:Carding
480:Worsted
57:Britain
1408:Bolton
702:cotton
475:Woolen
460:Staple
455:Sliver
450:Roving
340:
303:
161:roving
87:carded
48:is an
1468:Wigan
736:Stott
445:Rolag
389:Essay
375:(PDF)
225:Notes
1413:Bury
440:Noil
338:ISBN
301:ISBN
194:flax
183:weft
179:warp
154:yarn
63:and
44:The
470:Tow
465:Top
297:827
215:Kay
174:'.
59:by
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691:e
684:t
677:v
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